MBOSE Class 12 Question Paper 2025 for Philosophy

Meghalaya Board of School Education

QUESTION
PAPERS

Total No. of Printed Pages—11
HS/XII/A/Pls/25

2025

PHILOSOPHY

Full Marks : 100
Time : 3 hours

The figures in the margin indicate full marks for the questions

General Instructions :
(i) Write all the answers in the Answer Script.
(ii) Attempt Part—A (Objective Questions) serially.
(iii) Attempt all parts of a question together at one place.

( PART : A—OBJECTIVE )
( Marks : 50 )

SECTION—I
( Marks : 30 )

GROUP—A

1. Choose and write the correct answer (any ten) : 1×10=10
(a) "Induction per simple enumeration' is also known as
(i) perfect induction
(ii) scientific induction
(iii) analogy
(iv) imperfect enumeration
/236 [ P.T.O.

( 2 )

(b) Bain says that, the course of the world is
(i) a uniformity
(ii) uniformities
(iii) a unity
(iv) None of the above

(c) Mal-observation is a fallacy of
(i) petitio principii
(ii) wrong interpretation
(iii) overlooking
(iv) undistributed middle

(d) Practical imperfection is a defect of
(i) method of agreement
(ii) method of difference
(iii) method of concomitant variation
(iv) method of residues

(e) It is usual to divide inferences into
(i) only deductive
(ii) only inductive
(iii) Both deductive and inductive
(iv) None of the above
HS/XII/A/Pls/25/236 [ Contd.

( 3 )

(f) Hypothesis cannot be proved without
(i) analysis
(ii) sensation
(iii) verification
(iv) perception

(g) False analogy is one in which the conclusion is drawn
from
(i) essential points of resemblance
(ii) identical points of similarity
(iii) superficial points of resemblance
(iv) points of difference

(h) The "experimental methods' have been called as the
method of elimination by
(i) Bain
(ii) Mill
(iii) Carveth Read
(iv) Whewell

(i) "P is equivalent to Q' is symbolized as
(i) P × Q
(ii) P Ú Q
(iii) P º Q
(iv) Q É P

HS/XII/A/Pls/25/236 [ P.T.O.

( 4 )

(j) "Uniformity of causation' means
(i) the same cause has the same effect
(ii) the same cause has different effects
(iii) out of nothing, nothing comes
(iv) cause is equal to the effect

(k) "Darshana' means
(i) love of knowledge
(ii) love of wisdom
(iii) vision of truth
(iv) love of argument

(l) "A posteriori' means
(i) before experience
(ii) after experience
(iii) intuition
(iv) None of the above

(m) "David is not married' is a
(i) simple statement
(ii) compound statement
(iii) Both simple and compound statements
(iv) None of the above
HS/XII/A/Pls/25/236 [ Contd.

( 5 )

(n) The importance of hypothesis in induction was
recognized by
(i) Bacon
(ii) Whewell
(iii) Newton
(iv) Mill

GROUP—B

2. Write whether the following statements are True or False
(any ten) : 1×10=10
(a) Analogy yields certain conclusion.

(b) Induction by complete enumeration is the synonym for
scientific induction.

(c) Condition means necessary factor of a cause.

(d) The statement ""P Ú ~ P'' is a contradictory.

(e) Hypothesis is a provisional supposition.

(f) The expression "plurality of causes' was introduced by
Carveth Read.

(g) The joint Method of Agreement and Difference is a
fundamental method.
HS/XII/A/Pls/25/236 [ P.T.O.

( 6 )

(h) Descartes is an empiricist philosopher.

(i) Observation is active experience, while experiment is
passive experience.

(j) Induction is based on observation of facts.

(k) A statement form that has only false substitution
instances is said to be a contradictory.

(l) The experimental methods have been called by Mill the
methods of addition.

(m) The observation literally means "keeping something
before the mind'.

(n) All the nine schools of Indian philosophy recognise the
authority of the Vedas.

GROUP—C

3. Fill in the blanks (any ten) : 1×10=10
(a) Deductive argument may be formally true but _____
false.

(b) According to Hume, causation is nothing more than
invariably _____.

(c) Cause and effect are _____ terms.

(d) The hypothesis when verified becomes a _____.
HS/XII/A/Pls/25/236 [ Contd.

( 7 )

(e) The secondary laws are either empirical or _____.

(f) The Method of Residues contains an element of _____.

(g) According to rationalism, _____ is the source of true
knowledge.

(h) Induction is an ascending process, and deduction is a
_____ process.

(i) The Law of Uniformity of Nature is a _____ or formal
ground of induction.

(j) The Method of Agreement is a method of _____ rather
than a method of proof.

(k) The orthodox school believes in the _____ of the
Vedas.

(l) The ground of inference in analogy is _____.

(m) According to Bacon, in experiment, we _____ Nature.

(n) Empiricism is a reaction against _____.
HS/XII/A/Pls/25/236 [ P.T.O.

( 8 )

SECTION—II
( Marks : 20 )

4. Answer the following questions in 2 or 3 sentences each
(any ten) : 2×10=20

(a) What is meant by colligation of facts?

(b) Define experiment.

(c) Why are inductions improperly so-called also called
"processes simulating induction'?

(d) What is experimental method?

(e) Distinguish between agent and patient.

(f) What are axioms?

(g) Define Method of Residues.

(h) What is an innate idea?

(i) What is legitimate hypothesis?

(j) State one advantage of observation over experiment.
HS/XII/A/Pls/25/236 [ Contd.

( 9 )

(k) What is vera causa?

(l) What is implication?

(m) Distinguish between verbal proposition and real
proposition.

(n) What is generalization?

( PART : B—DESCRIPTIVE )
( Marks : 50 )

Answer Question No. 5 and any three from the rest

5. (a) Symbolize any four of the following : 2½×4=10

(i) Either taxes are increased or if expenditure rises,
then the debt ceiling is raised.
(ii) The words of his mouth were smoother than
butter, but war was in his heart.
(iii) Iran or Libya raises the price of oil but they do
not both do so.
(iv) Unless Chile calls for a meeting of all the Latin
American States, Brazil will protest to the UN.
(v) It is not the case that there is P and there is no Q.
(vi) If Amherst does not win its first game, then both
John and David do not win their first game.
HS/XII/A/Pls/25/236 [ P.T.O.

( 10 )

(b) Use truth table to determine the validity or invalidity of
any two of the following argument forms : 5×2=10
(i) p Éq
\~q É ~ p

(ii) (p É q) × (p É r )
p
\q Ú r

(iii) p Éq
~ (p × q)
\ p Úq

(iv) p Úq
~p
\~ q

6. Define analogy. How does it differ from scientific induction?
3+7=10

7. What is induction? Is perfect induction an induction at all?
2+8=10

8. Explain and examine the law of the uniformity of nature. 10

9. Explain the Method of Difference with examples. 10
HS/XII/A/Pls/25/236 [ Contd.

( 11 )

10. Why is Indian philosophy called Darshana? What are the
distinctive features of Indian philosophy? 2+8=10

11. Explain empiricism as a theory of knowledge. 10

12. Write short notes on any two of the following : 5×2=10
(a) Cause and condition
(b) Non-observation
(c) Unscientific induction
(d) Forms of hypothesis

HHH

HS/XII/A/Pls/25/236 K25—6760

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