GATE 2025 Question Paper Humanities & Social Sciences - Sociology (XH-C6)

GATE
2025
Question Paper | Answer Key
Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering
(GATE) is a prestigious national-level exam
that assesses candidates for
comprehensive understanding in various
undergraduate-level subjects in
Engineering, Technology, Science,
Architecture, and Humanities.

General Aptitude
Q.1 – Q.5 Carry ONE mark Each

Q.1 Here are two analogous groups, Group-I and Group-II, that list words in their
decreasing order of intensity. Identify the missing word in Group-II.

Group-I: Abuse → Insult → Ridicule

Group-II: ________ → Praise → Appreciate

(A) Extol

(B) Prize

(C) Appropriate

(D) Espouse

Q.2 Had I learnt acting as a child, I ________ a famous film star.

Select the most appropriate option to complete the above sentence.

(A) will be

(B) can be

(C) am going to be

(D) could have been

1

Q.3 The 12 musical notes are given as 𝐶, 𝐶 # , 𝐷, 𝐷# , 𝐸, 𝐹, 𝐹 # , 𝐺, 𝐺 # , 𝐴, 𝐴# , and 𝐵.
12
Frequency of each note is √2 times the frequency of the previous note. If the
frequency of the note C is 130.8 Hz, then the ratio of frequencies of notes 𝐹 # and 𝐶
is:

(A) 6
√2

(B)
√2

(C) 4
√2

(D) 2

2

Q.4 The following figures show three curves generated using an iterative algorithm. The
total length of the curve generated after ‘Iteration 𝑛’ is:

Note: The figures shown are representative.

1
Iteration 0:

1 1
Iteration 1: Length of each segment:
3 3

1
1
Iteration 2: 9 Length of each segment:
9

𝑛
(A) 5 2
( )
3

(B) 5 𝑛
( )
3

(C) 5 2𝑛
( )
3

(D) 5 𝑛(2𝑛−1)
( )
3

3

Q.5 |𝑥|
Which one of the following plots represents 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = − , where 𝑥 is a non-
𝑥
zero real number?

Note: The figures shown are representative.

f(x)
(A)
(0,1)

x
(0, −1)

f(x)
(B)
(0,1)

x
(0, −1)

f(x)
(C)

(1,0)
x
(−1,0)

f(x)
(D)
(0,1)

x
(0, −1)

4

Q.6 – Q.10 Carry TWO marks Each

Q. 6 Identify the option that has the most appropriate sequence such that a coherent
paragraph is formed:

P. Over time, such adaptations lead to significant evolutionary changes with the
potential to shape the development of new species.

Q. In natural world, organisms constantly adapt to their environments in response to
challenges and opportunities.

R. This process of adaptation is driven by the principle of natural selection, where
favorable traits increase an organism’s chances of survival and reproduction.

S. As environments change, organisms that can adapt their behavior, structure and
physiology to such changes are more likely to survive.

(A) P→Q→R→S

(B) Q→S→R→P

(C) R→S→Q→P

(D) S→P→R→Q

5

Q.7 A stick of length one meter is broken at two locations at distances of 𝑏1 and 𝑏2 from
the origin (0), as shown in the figure. Note that 0 < 𝑏1 < 𝑏2 < 1. Which one of the
following is NOT a necessary condition for forming a triangle using the three
pieces?

Note: All lengths are in meter. The figure shown is representative.

(A) 𝑏1 < 0.5

(B) 𝑏2 > 0.5

(C) 𝑏2 < 𝑏1 + 0.5

(D) 𝑏1 + 𝑏2 < 1

6

Q.8 Eight students (P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, and W) are playing musical chairs. The figure
indicates their order of position at the start of the game. They play the game by
moving forward in a circle in the clockwise direction.

After the 1st round, 4th student behind P leaves the game. After 2nd round, 5th student
behind Q leaves the game. After 3rd round, 3rd student behind V leaves the game.
After 4th round, 4th student behind U leaves the game. Who all are left in the game
after the 4th round?

Note: The figure shown is representative.

(A) P; T; Q; S

(B) V; P; T; Q

(C) W; R; Q; V

(D) Q; T; V; W

7

Q.9 The table lists the top 5 nations according to the number of gold medals won in a
tournament; also included are the number of silver and the bronze medals won by
them. Based only on the data provided in the table, which one of the following
statements is INCORRECT?

Nation Gold Silver Bronze

USA 40 44 41

Canada 39 27 24

Japan 20 12 13

Australia 17 19 16

France 16 26 22

(A) France will occupy the third place if the list were made on the basis of the total
number of medals won.

(B) The order of the top two nations will not change even if the list is made on the basis
of the total number of medals won.

(C) USA and Canada together have less than 50% of the medals awarded to the nations
in the above table.

(D) Canada has won twice as many total medals as Japan.

8

Q.10 An organization allows its employees to work independently on consultancy
projects but charges an overhead on the consulting fee. The overhead is 20% of the
consulting fee, if the fee is up to ₹ 5,00,000. For higher fees, the overhead is
₹ 1,00,000 plus 10% of the amount by which the fee exceeds ₹ 5,00,000. The
government charges a Goods and Services Tax of 18% on the total amount (the
consulting fee plus the overhead). An employee of the organization charges this
entire amount, i.e., the consulting fee, overhead, and tax, to the client. If the client
cannot pay more than ₹ 10,00,000, what is the maximum consulting fee that the
employee can charge?

(A) ₹ 7,01,438

(B) ₹ 7,24,961

(C) ₹ 7,51,232

(D) ₹ 7,75,784

9

Q.11– Q.17 Carry ONE mark Each

Q.11 Which one of the following numbers is odd one out?

31541 42651 53791 64871 75981

(A) 31541

(B) 42651

(C) 53791

(D) 75981

Q.12 Ankit, Arun, and Ankur have one apple each. Ankur also has one banana. Alam has
one mango and one kiwi. Ankit has just bought one pineapple.

Who has the least number of fruit(s)?

(A) Ankit

(B) Arun

(C) Ankur

(D) Alam

10

Q.13 If each vowel in the word RESIDE is changed to its previous letter in the English
alphabet and each consonant is changed to the next letter in the English alphabet,
which one of the following options will be the third from the right?

(A) T

(B) D

(C) S

(D) H

Q.14 Vipul, Ahmad, Santosh, and David are playing Carrom. Vipul and Ahmad are
partners sitting opposite to each other. David faces towards South. If Vipul faces
towards West, then who faces towards the North?

(A) Alam

(B) Santosh

(C) David

(D) Vipul

11

Q.15 Consider the following sentence.

What the country needs ____ ____ ____ ____ accordingly.

First and last parts of the sentence are given. P, Q, R, and S are the remaining parts
of the sentence, not necessarily in that order.

P: and change tactics
Q: who would encourage players
R: are coaches and officials
S: to read the game as it progresses

Which one of the following options is correct that gives the most appropriate order
and meaning to the sentence?

(A) QSPR

(B) RQSP

(C) RQPS

(D) SPRQ

12

Q.16 A car started from city P at 9.40am. The time taken for the car to reach the city Q
is 4 hours and 50 minutes.

The time of arrival of the car at city Q is

(A) 15:10 Hours

(B) 14:20 Hours

(C) 14:30 Hours

(D) 14:10 Hours

Q.17 P is three years younger than R but one year older than S.

S is one year older than Q but 4 years younger than R.

R is 15 years old.

The age of Q is ____ years (answer in integer).

13

Q.18 – Q26 Carry TWO marks Each

Q.18 In a certain code language, ATTITUDE is written as TAUJUEDU and CHILDREN
is written as HCJMENER.

How LANGUAGE is written in that code language?

(A) ALOHVEGA

(B) ALHOVAGA

(C) LAVOHEGA

(D) ALHOVGEA

14

Q.19 The table shows the data of 450 candidates who appeared in the examination of
three subjects – Social Science, Mathematics, and Science.

Particulars Number of candidates
Passed in all the three subjects 167
Failed in all the three subjects 60
Failed in Social Science subject 175
Failed in Mathematics subject 199
Failed in Science subject 191
Passed in only Social Science subject 62
Passed in only Mathematics subject 48
Passed in only Science subject 52

How many candidates have passed in at least one subject?

(A) 48

(B) 162

(C) 390

(D) 425

15

Q.20 If × means +, + means ÷, − means ×, and ÷ means −,

then 8 × 7 − 8 + 40 ÷ 2 =

(A) 8
3
5

(B) 2
7
5

(C) 7
2
5

(D) 3
8
5

Q.21 Given a series 5, 8, 11, 14, …

If the nth term of the given series is 320, then n (where, n ≥ 1) is

(A) 104

(B) 105

(C) 106

(D) 107

16

Q.22 Suppose, your last year taxable income was Rs. 22000. Due to hike in salary, your
taxable income this year is Rs. 34200. The details for tax calculation are given in
the table below.

Income range (Rs.) Tax slab (Rs.)
0 to 5000 2 % of income
Greater than 5000 to 10000 100 + 3 % of income over 5000
Greater than 10000 to 20000 250 + 5 % of income over 10000
Greater than 20000 to 30000 750 + 8 % of income over 20000
Greater than 30000 to 50000 1550 + 10 % of income over 30000
Greater than 50000 to 100000 3550 + 20 % of income over 50000

Consider the appropriate tax slab corresponding to your income. What is the
additional amount of tax you need to pay this year compared to last year?

(A) 1970

(B) 1060

(C) 910

(D) 420

17

Q.23 Anand, Hari, and Chris are engaged in one of the three type of occupations – clerk,
teacher, and plumber, not necessarily in that order. Each person is assigned only
one type of occupation. No two or more persons can be assigned same type of
occupation. Clerk is Chris’s cousin. Hari lives next door to the plumber.
Anand, who knows more facts than the teacher, has to drive more than 1 hour to
reach Hari’s home. Identify each of the person’s correct type of occupation, and
accordingly, which one of the following options is correct?

(A) Anand is teacher and Chris is clerk.

(B) Hari is clerk and Anand is plumber.

(C) Chris is teacher and Hari is clerk.

(D) Anand is clerk and Chris is plumber.

Q.24 Many countries are facing water shortage crises in the past few years. A report of
the United Nation has named India among the worst countries for poor quality of
water. The report ranks 122 countries according to the quality of their water as well
as their commitment to improve the situation. Some countries in Europe are
considered the worst because of the quality of its ground water. Rain failed in some
parts of India in the past. The vast areas of Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, and Andhra
Pradesh were affected by severe drought. People without water turn desperate and
violent. Consequently, the food godowns were attacked in some of the states.

Based on the details given in the passage, which of the following option(s) is/ are
correct statement(s)?

(A) There is no proof that India is affected by poor quality of water.

(B) A few European countries are suffering due to occurrence of drought.

(C) Lack of access to water can lead to social unrest.

(D) Intense shortage of water is visible in some states of India.

18

Q.25 In the following figure, four overlapping shapes (rectangle, triangle, circle, and
hexagon) are given.

The sum of the numbers which belong to only two overlapping shapes is_______.

Q.26 Consider a square field ABCD. The diagonal AC is 50 meter. The cost of laying
grass in the field is Rs. 5 per square-meter. The total cost for laying grass in the field
ABCD is Rs. ________ (rounded off to two decimal places).

19

Q.27– Q.44 Carry ONE mark Each

Q.27 Fill in the blank with the CORRECT option.

The term _______________________was coined by Francis Galton in 1883. It
promotes positive selection of people with particular genes who are thought to be
intelligent and negative selection of people considered to be inferior or defective.

(A) Evolution

(B) Survival

(C) Selective

(D) Eugenics

Q.28 In the book Suicide: A Study in Sociology, Durkheim states, “Those experiencing
either downswing or uplift in their material circumstances are placed in a situation
in which their habitual expectations come under strain.” This could lead to
_____________

(A) Fatalistic suicide

(B) Anomic suicide

(C) Egoistic suicide

(D) Altruistic suicide

20

Q.29 Match Talcott Parsons’ functional pre-requisites in Column I with the associated
social institutions in Column II.

Column I Column II

Functional Pre-requisites Institution

M Adaptation 1 Religion

N Goal attainment 2 Law

O Integration 3 Government

P Latency 4 Economy

(A) M-3; N-1; O-4; P-2

(B) M-4; N-3; O-2; P-1

(C) M-1; N-2; O-3; P-4

(D) M-2; N-3; O-4; P-1

21

Q.30 This founder of the Lucknow Department of Economics and Sociology called upon
the discipline of Sociology “to combat the tyranny of Economics”. He argued, ‘No
choice in the economic field can be appropriate or “rational” which is inconsistent
with human norms and values in political, familial and other fields of man’s
institutional life.’ Identify this sociologist from the following options:

(A) T. N. Madan

(B) D. P. Mukerji

(C) Irawati Karve

(D) Radhakamal Mukerjee

Q.31 Who developed the concept of ‘seed and earth’ as a way to understand the gendered
division of labour and cultural construction of gender?

(A) Robin Fox

(B) Claude Levi-Strauss

(C) Leela Dube

(D) A. M. Shah

22

Q.32 Fill in the blank with the CORRECT option.

The _______________ opposed deforestation in the northern Indian tracts. This
movement started in the early 1970s to prevent destruction of the forest by timber
contractors and was carried forward by women, who were traditionally responsible
for fuel, food and water in the family.

(A) Jungle Bachao Andolan

(B) Indigo movement

(C) Chipko movement

(D) Save Silent Valley movement

23

Q.33 Match the scholars in Column I with their approaches in Column II:

Column I Column II

Scholar Approach

M George Herbert Mead 1 Symbolic Interactionism

N Harold Garfinkel 2 Ethnography

O Robert Chambers 3 Ethnomethodology

P Clifford Geertz 4 Participatory Research

(A) M-1; N-3; O-4; P-2

(B) M-2; N-1; O-4; P-3

(C) M-1; N-3; O-2; P-4

(D) M-3; N-1; O-2; P-4

24

Q.34 Match the following authors in Column I with their books on caste in Column II.

Column I Column II

Author Book

M Mukul Sharma 1 Caste Pride

N Joel Lee 2 Deceptive Majority

O Manoj Mitta 3 The Oxford Handbook of Caste

P Surinder Jodhka 4 Caste and Nature

(A) M-4; N-1; O-2; P-3

(B) M-2; N-1; O-3; P-4

(C) M-3; N-2; O-4; P-1

(D) M-4; N-2; O-1; P-3

25

Q.35 Which one of the following is defined by M. N. Srinivas as “the changes brought
about in Indian society and culture as a result of over 150 years of British rule”?

(A) Colonisation

(B) Sanskritisation

(C) Brahminisation

(D) Westernisation

26

Q.36 Match the authors in Column I with their books in Column II.

Column I Column II

Author Book

L Pierre Bourdieu 1 The Presentation of Self in
Everyday Life

M Erving Goffman 2 The Theory of the Leisure Class

N Thorstein Veblen 3 Agricultural Involution

O Clifford Geertz 4 A Social Critique of the
Judgement of Taste

5 Encountering Development

(A) L-2; M-1; N-4; O-3

(B) L-2; M-5; N-3; O-4

(C) L-2; M-3; N-4; O-5

(D) L-4; M-1; N-2; O-3

27

Q.37 Match the following national leaders in Column I with their views on village in
Column II.

Column I Column II

National Leader Views on Village

L Jawaharlal Nehru 1 Villages are little republics,
independent and yet interdependent.

M B. R. Ambedkar 2 Village structure is not democratic, and
marked by untouchability and
exclusion.

N M. K. Gandhi 3 In traditional village, the functions of
each group or caste were related to
functions of other castes […] then
society as a whole worked
harmoniously. The ultimate weakness
and failing of the caste system and the
Indian social structure were that they
degraded mass of human beings and
gave them no opportunities […]

(A) L-2; M-3; N-1

(B) L-3; M-2; N-1

(C) L-1; M-2; N-3

(D) L-1; M-3; N-2

28

Q.38 Match the following sociologists in Column I with sociological theory/concept in
Column II.

Column I Column II

Sociologist Theory/Concept

L M. N. Srinivas 1 Alliance Theory

M Pierre Bourdieu 2 Emotional Labour

N Arlie Hochschild 3 Field

O Claude Levi- 4 Field View
Strauss

5 Collective Memory

(A) L-3; M-5: N-1; O-4

(B) L-3; M-4; N-2; O-1

(C) L-4; M-3; N-2; O-1

(D) L-1; M-3; N-5; O-4

29

Q.39 Which one of the following refers to an approach that was originally devised to
understand or interpret theological texts?

(A) Hermeneutics

(B) Epistemology

(C) Ontology

(D) Phenomenology

Q.40 Which of the following option(s) is/are CORRECT?

(A) Polyandry refers to a marriage system in which one woman has two or more
husbands

(B) Polyandry refers to a marriage system in which one man has two or more wives

(C) Polygyny refers to a marriage system in which one man has two or more wives

(D) Polygyny refers to a marriage system in which one woman has two or more
husbands

30

Q.41 Which of the following statement(s) is/are CORRECT?

(A) Andre Gunder Frank is criticizing the modernisation theories while analysing the
dual economy model professed for Latin America

(B) Classical Marxism analyses colonial capitalism using the conceptual category of
mode of production, while dependency theory analyses it through the category of
unequal exchange and exploitation

(C) Although classical Marxism is critical of colonial capitalism’s exploitative role, it
is also positive about its regenerative role in colonised societies

(D) The concept of dependence means the coloniser’s economy cannot survive without
being linked to the economy of the colonised

Q.42 Which of the following is/are characteristic feature(s) of ethnography?

(A) Immersion in a social setting for an extended period of time

(B) Experimental and controlled group

(C) Make regular observations in the field

(D) Develop understanding of people and groups within their cultural context

31

Q.43 In post-development theories, M. K. Gandhi’s Hind Swaraj is understood as a text
that represents:

(A) Critique of modernisation

(B) Critique of industrialisation

(C) Critique of Varna system

(D) Critique of honour killings

Q.44 Which of the following is/are qualitative data analysis software?

(A) NVivo

(B) MAXQDA

(C) ATLAS.ti

(D) SPSS

32

Q.45 – Q.65 Carry TWO marks Each

Q.45 Flavia Agnes (2013) writes, “Despite all the positive impact of the campaign
revolving it, the Delhi gang rape incident does not foreground the different types of
violations that take place in our society. Rather, it reinforces the popular perception
that rape takes place in lonely places, late at night, by strangers and that rapists are
brutes or psychopaths who deserve to be hanged. But most rapes take place in the
privacy of our homes, in our schools. Rapes by family members are seldom
reported.”

From the above excerpt, which of the following statement(s) is/are CORRECT?

i. Progressive mobilisations protesting violence against women can
themselves reproduce patriarchy
ii. Contrary to popular perception, sexual violence against women happens
only in the privacy of our homes
iii. According to popular perception, rapists are brutes or psychopaths

(A) Only ii

(B) ii and iii

(C) i and ii

(D) i and iii

33

Q.46 Fill in the blank with the CORRECT option.

____________________ is a non-probabilistic form of sampling that samples
cases/participants relevant to research questions. This sampling does not allow the
researcher to generalize to a population.

(A) Stratified sampling

(B) Random sampling

(C) Cluster sampling

(D) Purposive sampling

Q.47 In Das Kapital, Volume 1, Marx states that exchange value of three different
commodities such as corn, iron and linen __________

(A) cannot be calculated as different kinds of human labour are necessary to produce
them

(B) cannot be calculated as their use value and exchange value are different

(C) can be calculated using abstract labour time which provides their respective
exchange value

(D) can be calculated using abstract labour time which provides their respective use
value

34

Q.48 In the Economic and Political Manuscripts of 1844, Marx states that alienation
occurs ______

(A) due to the devaluation of the human world in direct proportion to the increase in the
value of the world of things

(B) due to the decrease in value of both the human world and the world of things

(C) due to the increased valuation of the human world with increase in the value of the
world of things

(D) due to the lack of any correlation between the world of things and the human world

35

Q.49 Match the authors from Column I with their approaches in Column II.

Column I Column II

Author Approach

M M. N. Srinivas 1 Indian sociology must be located at the
intersection of Indology and sociology

N Louis Dumont 2 Indian society is produced by the spread
of Brahminical Hinduism and it has been
held together by its unique cultural
traditions and social institutions

O A. R. Desai 3 Indian sociology must emphasise the
field view and not the book view

P G. S. Ghurye 4 A critical sociology of India has to
undertake the study of the capitalist
system as its main focus, which in turn
cannot be understood without using the
historical method

(A) M-2; N-3; O-1; P-4

(B) M-3; N-1; O-4; P-2

(C) M-1; N-2; O-4; P-3

(D) M-3; N-1; O-2; P-4

36

Q.50 The concept of ‘footloose’ labour is associated with ________

(A) A. R. Desai

(B) Jan Breman

(C) Barbara Harris-White

(D) Karl Marx

37

Q.51 Match the following scholars in Column I and their contributions in Column II.

Column I Column II

Scholar Contribution

M Prem Chowdhry 1 Dalit feminist standpoint
position

N Sharmila Rege 2 Yuganta

O Irawati Karve 3 Gender and land rights in
South Asia

P Beena Agarwal 4 Caste and gender formation in
Haryana

(A) M-1; N-2; O-4; P-3

(B) M-4; N-1; O-2; P-3

(C) M-1; N-2; O-3; P-4

(D) M-4; N-3; O-1; P-2

38

Q.52 Patriliny is a kinship term that refers to ______

(A) the practices of marriage patterns wherein the father or the next male head exercises
authority in the family and there is an unequal power relation between men and
women

(B) the system of tracing of kinship descent and inheritance through male line

(C) the practices of marriage system and residence pattern wherein married couples
reside with or near the husband’s family

(D) the system of tracing of kinship descent and inheritance through mother’s brother

Q.53 In a class of 60 students, mathematics examination was conducted. All the students
obtained 20 marks each. What would be the mean and standard deviation of marks
in mathematics?

(A) 1200 and 20

(B) 120 and 1

(C) 20 and 0

(D) 20 and 60

39

Q.54 Which of the following statement(s) about Arturo Escobar’s work Encountering
Development is/are CORRECT?

(A) He was highly inspired by the 1949 inaugural address by U.S President Harry
Truman, which proposed that U.S.A should play an active role in solving global
poverty

(B) He stated that development was a top-down, ethnocentric and techno-centric
approach, which treated people and cultures as abstract concepts, statistical figures
to be moved up and down in the chart of progress

(C) He stated that opponents of the development discourse were also forced to articulate
their critiques within the ‘development’ framework

(D) He did not see much hope in autonomous peasant development strategies as they
would be very limited in their scope

Q.55 Which of the following statement(s) about tribes is/are CORRECT?

(A) G. S. Ghurye suggests that tribes are backward Hindus

(B) M. N. Srinivas suggests that hill tribes of the northeast India who belong to Tibeto-
Burman family identify themselves as Adivasis

(C) Verrier Elwin propounded an approach of non-interference administration of the
tribes

(D) Verrier Elwin was the architect of the Philosophy of NEFA (North East Frontier
Agency)

40

Q.56 Which of the following statement(s) about the concept of intersectionality as
developed by Kimberle Crenshaw is/are CORRECT?

(A) It challenged the notion that ‘gender’ was the only primary factor determining a
woman’s fate

(B) Structural intersectionality deals with how non-white women experience domestic
violence in a qualitatively different manner from white women

(C) Political intersectionality examines how laws and policies intended to increase
equality have paradoxically decreased the visibility of violence against non-white
women

(D) Representational intersectionality deals with how pop culture’s portrayals of non-
white women can obscure their own inauthentic lived experience

Q.57 Which of the following option(s) is/are CORRECT about Max Weber’s
argument(s) about bureaucracy?

(A) The spread of bureaucratic specialisation is mainly promoted by its technical
superiority over other types of organization

(B) The conduct of rational capitalism entails unavoidable consequences in the sphere
of social organisation and inevitably forces the spread of bureaucracy

(C) The more the bureaucracy is humanised, society is characterised by mechanised
petrification

(D) The charismatic rebirth of new gods could counter mechanised petrification

41

Q.58 In The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, Max Weber’s finding(s) is/are:

(A) There is no direct causal relation between Calvin’s preaching and the emergence of
the Protestant Ethic

(B) The belief in predestination is unique to Calvinism and is not present in other
religions

(C) The phenomenal isolation experienced by believers and the anxieties it created led
to certain interpretations by the pastors which created this ethic

(D) More Catholics were business leaders than Protestants

Q.59 Which of the following proposition(s) is/are part of the argument that
B. R. Ambedkar makes in his Caste in India: Their Mechanism, Genesis and
Development

(A) In transitioning from the open door character of the class system to the caste system,
some groups closed the door; others found it closed against them

(B) Classes became castes through imitation and excommunication

(C) Creation of castes means the superposition of endogamy on exogamy

(D) Function and function alone was the foundation upon which the whole system of
caste in India was built up

42

Q.60 Which of the following statement(s) about the modernisation theory is/are
INCORRECT?

(A) Both evolutionism and diffusionism have shaped the early growth of the
modernisation theory

(B) Hoselitz focused on the role of deviants as innovators and entrepreneurs in shaping
the economic growth of a country

(C) M. J. Levy states that less stress should be given to Parsonian pattern variables in
explaining the modernisation process and more to the impact of colonialism

(D) One of the components of Alex Inkeles’ concept of ‘Modern Man’ is a belief in
‘punitive’ justice

Q.61 Which of the following core idea(s) is/are central to postmodernism?

(A) Anti-foundationalism

(B) Critique of Enlightenment and reason

(C) Critique of cultural relativism

(D) Critique of meta-narratives

43

Q.62 Which of the following aspect(s) is/are CORRECT about Dalit Panthers in
Maharashtra?

(A) They drew inspiration from Black Panthers

(B) They merged issues of caste and class

(C) They participated actively in the Unification movement of Maharashtra

(D) Madhav Gadgil was an important leader of this movement

Q.63 Much before M. N. Srinivas’s concept of ‘sanskritisation’, which of the following
scholar(s) framed caste as a process of imitation and social closure?

(A) B. R. Ambedkar

(B) Irawati Karve

(C) Radhakamal Mukerjee

(D) Herbert Risley

44

Q.64 Which of the following is/are CORRECT with reference to the concept of ‘Little
and Great traditions’?

(A) Little and Great traditions was used by Robert Redfield in his studies on the
Mexican communities

(B) Little tradition refers to oral folk traditions

(C) There is no interaction between Little and Great traditions

(D) Great tradition refers to elite, literate and reflective few

Q.65 Which of the following statement(s) is/are CORRECT?

(A) Assimilation refers to a social process where a minority cultural group or
community gets absorbed into the dominant culture

(B) Acculturation is a one-way process and it is not an exchange of cultural patterns

(C) Acculturation refers to a process where transmission of values, norms and cultural
changes takes place through the process of social interactions between cultural
groups and communities

(D) In acculturation people retain their original culture while adapting to another culture

45

Entrance Exams
Agricultural Entrance Exams
Architecture Entrance Exam
Arts and Humanities Entrance Exams
Commerce Entrance Examinations
Common Entrance Examinations
Computer Application Entrance Exams
Design Entrance Exams
Education Entrance Exams
Engineering Entrance Exams
Hotel Management Entrance Exams
Law Entrance Exams
MBA Entrance Exams
Media & Journalism Entrance Exams
Medical Entrance Exams
Nursing Entrance Exams
Pharmacy Entrance Exams
Science Entrance Exams
Diploma & Polytechnic
Lateral Entry