NEET Biology Question Bank - Plant Morphology II -(Flower, Fruit, Seed, Family)

13 Plant Morphology-II (Flower, Fruit, Seed, Family)
· Inflorescence : Arrangement of flowers on rachis (axis) is called Anthotaxy or Inflorescence. It has two types :
(A) Racemose : Apical bud is not transformed into flower and flowers formed in acropetal
succession. It has 6 types.
(A-i) Raceme : Stalked flowers on axis. e.g., Mustard and caesalpinia
(A-ii) Spike : Sessile flowers on axis. e.g., Achyranthus
(A-iii) Spadix : Flowers bearing axis becomes fleshy. Male flowers on upperside and female flowers
remain lowerside. Between male and female flowers, sterile flowers are present. Whole
inflorescence in protected by foliage bract, i.e. spathe. e.g., Colocasia, Musa.
(A-iv) Catkin : Unisexual flowers on pendulous axis of spike. e.g., Mulberry, Acalypha.
(A-v) Umbel : Rachis becomes condensed and stalked flowers are arranged on it like umbrella. The
whorl of bracts is called involucre. e.g., Onion, Fennel.
(A-vi) Capitulum : Peduncle becomes disc like and flat. It is called receptacle. Flowers are
centripetally arranged. Peripheral flowers and central flowers are known as ray florets and
disc florests respectively. Like Umbel, it also has involucre. e.g., Sunflowers and Tagetes.
(B) Cymose : Apical bud transforms info flowers.
(B-i) Cymose solitary : Only one flower is present at the tip of axis. e.g., Hibiscus, Argemone.
(Note : There is clear cut demarcation between axis of inflorescence and peduncle.)
(B-ii) Uniparous (Monochasial) : The main axis ends in a flower and growth continued by a single
lateral branch. It has two types.
(B-ii-a) Helicoid : Apical bud gives rise to a single lateral branch before being transformed into
flowers. The apical bud of this branch does the same. e.g., Hamelia.
(B-ii-b) Scorpioid : In this case lateral branches arise alternately on left and right sides.
e.g., Heliotropium.
(B-iii) Biparous (Dichasial) : The main axis ends in a flower after producing two daughter axis in
flowers. e.g., Jasmine, Nyctanthus.
(B-iv) Multiparous (Polychasial) : The main axis ends in a flower after producing more than two
branches. e.g., Calotropis, Red oleander.

(1 ) In Rachis of inflorescence bears, male female and sterile flowers. Than this is a type of inflorescence.
(A) Catkin (B) Spadix (C) Spike (D) Raceme
(2 ) What is correct for inflorescence of Mustard ?
(A) Sessile flowers (B) Stalked flowers
(C) Sterile flowers (D) Small and clustered flowers
(3 ) In which plant, inflorescence is present with spathe ?
(A) Mulberry (B) Nyctanthus (C) Onion (D) Colocasia

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(4) Which type of inflorescence is said if it bears involucre ?
(A) Cymose, Multiparous (B) Racemose, Spike
(C) Racemose, Umbel (D) Racemose, Raceme
(5) What is wrong for inflorescence of Achyranthus ?
(A) It has stalked flowers (B) It is a type of Racemose inflorescence
(C) It has elongated rachis (D) It is a type of spike inflorescence
(6) Which pair is true ?
(A) Nyctanthus - Umbel (B) Heliotropium - Helicoid
(C) Argemone - Scorpioid (D) Jasmine - Biparous, Cymose
(7) "A determinate inflorescence in which the main axis ends in a flower after producing two
daughter axis in flowers" – Which option is correct for this sentence ?
(A) Scorpioid - Heliotropium (B) Helicoid - Hamelia
(C) Biparous, Cymose - Nyctanthus (D) Baparous, Racemose - Jasmine
(8) Which statement is true for arrangement of flowers in plant ?
(A) One or more than one flower bearing axis.
(B) Individual axis of every flower is called Pedicel.
(C) Receptacle is modified inflorescence
(D) All of the given.
(9) How many examples are included in cymose inflorescence ?
Red oleander, Hamelia, Mulberry, Musa, Jasmine, Tagetes, Argemone, Mustard
(A) 4 (B) 8 (C) 6 (D) 5
(10) How many examples are included in Racemose type of inflorescence with stalked flowers ?
Nyctanthus, Caesalpinia, Jasmine, Hibiscus, Onion, Musa, Achyranthus, Mulberry
(A) 4 (B) 8 (C) 2 (D) 5
Answers : (1-B), (2-B), (3-D), (4-C), (5-A), (6-D), (7-C), (8-D), (9-A), (10-C)

· Aestivation : Arrangement of sepals or petals in the bud codition. It is of five types :

(i) Valvate : Sepals and/or petals without overlaping touch by their margins. e.g., Calotropis, Mustard.

(ii) Twisted : One margin overlapped by other and other margin overlapping. e.g., China Rose, Cotton

(iii) Imbricate : One member is completely outside, one member is completely inside. Rest of the
members are arranged like twisted. e.g., Cassia, Delonix.

(iv) Quincuncial : Two members are outside and two members are inside completely. Rest is like
twisted. e.g., Cucurbita, Melia.

(v) Vexillary : One largest member is standard, two overlapped members are alae and two smallest
members are Keel. e.g., Pea and Bean.
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· Placentation : The swollen part of ovary from which ovule is produced, is known as Placenta.
The arrangement of ovules on placenta is placentation. It has five types.
(i) Marginal : In unilocular ovary, ovules are borne on inner folds of the ovarian wall. e.g.,
Pea, Bean.
(ii) Parietal : Unilocular ovary becomes bilocular by false septum and ovules are borne on
inner periphery wall of ovary. e.g., Mustard and Argemone.
(iii) Axile : Ovules are borne on central axis. Locules of ovary is based on numbers of carples.
e.g., Tomato, Hibiscus.
(iv) Free central : There is no partitions in ovary and ovules are arranged on central axis
which arises from the base of a ovary. e.g., Dianthus
(v) Basal : Ovule is borne from base of the ovary. e.g., Sunflower

(11) What is applicable to Dianthus for its placentation ?
(A) No partition in ovary (B) False septum is present
(C) Ovule is at base of ovary (D) Ovule is at periphery of ovary
(12) What is true for vexillary aestivation ?
(A) Smallest alae, two, joint (B) Standard are small, joint, two
(C) Standards are largest, two, free (D) Keel are two, joint, and smallest
(13) What is odd for vexillary aestivation ?
(A) Alae are medium of size, two, free, present in pea
(B) Standards are two, largest, free, present in Bean
(C) Keel are smallest, two, joint, present in Pea and Bean
(D) None of the given
(14) Which pair is mis-matched ?
(A) Hibiscus - Axile (B) Dianthus - Basal (C) Bean - Marginal (D) Argemone - Parietal
(15) Which pair is matched ?
(A) Cotton - Valvate (B) Mustard - Twisted
(C) Cucurbita - Quincuncial (D) Cassia - Vexillary
(16) Which plant shows twisted aestivation and axile placentation ?
(A) Sunflower (B) Hibiscus (C) Datura (D) Calotropis
(17) What is true for Mustard plant ?
(A) Valvate aestivation, Parietal placentation
(B) Twisted aestivation, Parietal placentation
(C) Valvate aestivation, Marginal placentation
(D) Twisted aestivation, Marginal placentation
(18) One chambered ovary is becomes two chambered due to formation of false septum-Name the
type of placentation and give it location.
(A) Axile - Hibiscus (B) Marginal - Pea
(C) Free central - Dianthus (D) Parietal - Argemone
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(19) Which type of placentation is present in a plant having vexillary aestivation ?
(A) Axile (B) Parietal (C) Marginal (D) Basal
(20) What is suitable for a plant having only one ovule ?
(A) Marginal - Pea (B) Basal - Sunflower
(C) Axile - Hibiscus (D) Free central - Dianthus

Answers : (11-A), (12-D), (13-B), (14-B), (15-C), (16-B), (17-A), (18-D), (19-C), (20-B)

· Flower : Well developed flower is sexual reproductive organ of angiosperm plants. Its stalk like organ
is called Pedicel and its swollen part of tip is called thalamus. From out side to inside calyx and corolla
are two accessory whorls and Androecium and gynoecium are two essential whorls.
· Calyx : Every member of calyx is sepal. It protects flower in bud condition. It is normally green,
fleshy and foliage type. They are either free or united.
· Corolla : Every member of corolla is Petal. It is of tubular, bell, funnel, wheel or butterfly in
shape. It attracts insects for pollination. As it posses colour, scent and sometime honey gland. It
is free or united.
Note : In plants like crinum. Bougainvillea, Panchratium the petals and sepals are similar in
reference to colour and size. They are known as Perianth. (Tepals)
· Androecium : Every member of Androecium is stamen. Stamen has Anther at its tip, filament
and connective connects filament and Anther. It can be divided in (i) Monodelphous (China rose),
(ii) Didelphous (pea) and (iii) Polydelphous (citrus).
Sometime stamens are united with petals, they are epipetalus stamens. e.g., Hibiscus, Cotton,
Datura. In beginning the pollen sac is four chambered. When pollen becomes mature and dehiscence
from slit or pore, at that time pollen sac becomes two chambered. Pollens are smooth, spiny, edible type.
· Gynoecium : Every member of gynoecium is carpel. It is divided into three regions like, stigma
which is receptive for pollens, tubular style and basal swollen region ovary bears ovules. It can
be divided in Monocarpellary flower (Pea), or Polycarpellary flower. Polycarpellary flowers can
be again divided into (a) Apocarpous - e.g., Rose, Lotus (free carpels) or (b) Syncarpous - e.g.,
Datura, Hibiscus (united carpels).

(21) What is true for Hibicus in reference to its aestivation, placentation, Androecium and Gynoecium ?
(A) Twisted, Axile, Monodelphous, Polycarpellary united
(B) Valvate, Axile, Monodelphous, Polycarpellary free
(C) Twisted, Parietal, Diadelphous, United Polycarpellary
(D) Valvate, Marginal, Diadelphous, Free Polycarpellary
(22) Which plant posses syncarpous gynoecium and epipetalous stamens ?
(A) Mustard (B) Pea (C) Datura (D) Lemon

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(23) Which family posseses vexillary aestivation, marginal placentation, Diadelphous stamens and
monocarpellary flower ?
(A) Solanaceae (B) Liliaceae (C) Papilionoideae (D) Malvaceae
(24) What is Perianth ?
(A) When sepals and petals are dissimilar in shape-size-colour
(B) When sepals and petals are similar in shape-size-colour
(C) When stamens and carpels are dissimilar in shape-size-colour
(D) When stamens and carpels are similar in shape-size-colour
(25) Which pair is matched ?
(A) Syncarpous carpels - Lotus (B) Diadephous stamens - Hibiscus
(C) Monocarpellary flower - Hibiscus (D) Polydelphous stamen - Citrus
(26) Which pair is mis-matched ?
(A) Syncarpous carpels - Hibiscus (B) Diadelphous stamens - Citrus
(C) Monocarpellary flower - Pea (D) Monodelphous stamen - Hibiscus
(27) How many chambers are present in mature anther ?
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
(28) How many parts are of carpels among given parts ?
Style, Anther, Stigma, Filament, Ovary, Pollen, Connective
(A) 4 (B) 3 (C) 5 (D) 2
(29) These are the parts of a whorl comes next to corolla on thalamus ?
(A) Connective, Stigma (B) Anther, Stigma
(C) Anther, Style (D) Anther, Filament
(30) Calyx and corolla are known as accessory whorls. Because...
(A) They do not take part in reproduction (B) In absence of them, reproduction is possible
(C) They do not produces any reproductive cells (D) They produces helper reproductive cells

Answers : (21-A), (22-C), (23-C), (24-B), (25-D), (26-B), (27-B), (28-B), (29-D), (30-C)

· Types of flower :
(i) According to number of floral whorls : (1) Complete : All whorls are present (2) Incomplete : Any
one or more whorls are absent.
(ii) According to presence of essential whorls : (1) Bisexual : Both essential whorls are present
(2) Unisexual : (Male = only Androecium is present ) (Female = only Gynoecium is present)
(iii) According to symmetry : (1) Actinomorphic (Radial symmetry) : Flower can be bisect in two
equal halves by any plane. e.g., Hibiscus, Datura. (2) Zygomorphic (Bilateral symmetry) : Flower
can be bisect in two equal halves by only one plant. e.g., Bean, Caesulpinia.
(iv) According to number of floram components : (1) Isomerous : All the components are equal in
number. e.g., trimerous, tetramerous, pentamerous.

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(2) Heteromerous : All the components are not equal in number.
(v) According to presence of Bract : (1) Bracteate : Bract is present. e.g., Bougainvillea
(2) Ebracteate : Bract is absent. e.g., caesalpinia
(vi) According to location of ovary : (1) Hypogynous flower : Thalamus becomes conical shape on
which ovary located at highest position, so, ovary is called superior. e.g., Mustard, China rose, Datura.
(2) Perigynous flower : Thalamus becomes flat and disc like on which ovary located semi-inferiorly.
e.g., Rose, caesalpinia.
(3) Epigynous flower : Thalamus envelops ovary and ovary is inferior. e.g., sunflower, cucumber.

(31) What type of a flower is called, which does not arise from axil of a leaf ?
(A) Heteromerous (B) Ebracteate (C) Hypogynous (D) Radial
(32) What type of a flower is called, when all the members are equal in number and gynoecium is absent ?
(A) Heteromerous - Unisexual (B) Isomerous - Bisexual
(C) Isomerous - Unisexual (D) Heteromerous - Bisexual
(33) In spadix inflorescence, the types of flowers is ......... .
(A) Unisexual (B) Bisexual (C) Only male (D) Only female
(34) In which plant, a flower is present, which can be divided in equal two halves by any plane ?
(A) Bean (B) Pea (C) Caesalpinia (D) Datura
(35) Zygomorphic flower means ......... .
(A) Unisexual flower (B) All member are equal in number
(C) Bisect by any plane (D) Bisect by only one plane

(36) Which pair is suitable for flower type and its related example ?
(A) Superior ovary - Datura (B) Semi inferior ovary - Rose
(C) Inferior ovary - Cucumber (D) All the given
(37) Which pair is not matched for type of flower and its related example ?
(A) Superior ovary - Caesalpinia (B) Semi inferior ovary - Rose
(C) Inferior ovary - Sunflower (D) All the given
(38) Which option is correct for a flower whose ovary is located at lower position in compare to other members ?
(A) Hypogynous flower, Inferior ovary (B) Epigynous flower, Inferior ovary
(C) Perigynous flower, Inferior ovary (D) Perigynous flower, Superior ovary
(39) What is true for Hibiscus ?
(A) Flower can be divided in equal two halves by any plane.
(B) The aestivation is twisted type.
(C) It has axile placentation and have many carpels but one ovary only.
(D) All of the given.

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(40) Which term is improper for Bean flower ?
Zygomorphic flower, Vexillary aestivation, Marginal placentation, Isomerous flower, Unisexual
flower, Bracteate flower
(A) Isomerous flower (B) Unisexual flower
(C) Bracteate flower (D) Marginal placentation

Answers : (31-B), (32-C), (33-A), (34-D), (35-D), (36-D), (37-A), (38-B), (39-D), (40-B)

· Fruit :
Fertilized and ripened ovary

Parthenocarpic fruit True fruit False fruit
· Fruit from ovary without · Fruit from ovary · Fruit develops other parts
fertilization than ovary

Apple Cashewnut
· from thalamus · from peduncle

Simple fruit Aggregate fruit Composite fruit
· Monocarpellary flower. · Fruit from Apocarpous multicarpellary flower · All flowers of inflorescence
· Syncarpouspolycarpellary flower. · Each carpel acts as a fruitlet transforms into fruits
· Main two types
Etaerio of Etaerio of Etaerio of Sorosis Syconus
berry follicles drupes · Spike inflorescence · Hypenthodium
· Custard · Calotropis · Raspberry · Sterile flowers inflorescence
apple · Seeds are absent · Unisexual flowers
· Bracts are part of · Banyan fruit
fruit · Fig fruit
· Pineapple

Dry fruit Fleshy fruit
(Dry pericarp) (Juicy Pericarp)

Drupe Berry Pome
· Epicarp skiny · Epicarp and mesocarp like · False fruit
· Juicy mesocarp drupe · Apple
· Stony endocarp · Endocarp is fleshy
· Mango and coconut · Tomato, Orange, Cucumber

Dehiscent fruit Indehiscent fruit
· Mature fruit · Fruit will not
dehiscents various dehisce
ways

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Dry fruit
(Dry pericoarp)

Dehiscent fruit Indehiscent fruit
· Mature fruit dehiscents various ways · Fruit will not dehisce

Caryopsis Achene Nut Cypsela Samara
· Pericarp and · Pericarp and · Pericarp is hard · Pericarp and · Pericarp is
seed coat fused to seed coat are free and stony. Trapa seed coat are free flat like a
form "HULL" from each other. and cashewnut from each other wing.
wheat, maize Naravelia, and hairy. Tridax Hiptage,
Ocimum and vernonia Holoptelea

Follicles Legumes Capsule Siliqua
· Fruit dehisces by one · Fruit dehisces by two · Fruit dehisces by more · Fruit dehisces from
suture. Calotropis and sutures. Pea and Bean than two sutures. Cotton lower part to upper side
vinca and Datura by sutures. Mustard

Note : Calotropis flowers are bicarpellary. Stigma are joint but style and ovary are free, so that it
can be included both in simple fruit and aggregate fruit as well.

(41) Which fruit has fleshy mesocarp and endocarp ?
(A) Drupe - Coconut (B) Drupe - Orange (C) Berry - Mango (D) Berry - Tomato
(42) Parthenocarpic fruit means...
(A) Seedless fruit develops after fertilization (B) Seedless fruit develops without fertilization
(C) Seeded fruit develops after fertilization (D) Seeded fruit develops without fertilization
(43) Apple and cashew nut are called false fruit. Because...
(A) Seedless fruit develops without fertilization
(B) Seeded fruit develops without fertilization
(C) Main fruit is not developed from ovary
(D) No role of ovary in formation of fruit
(44) How many dehiscence and indehiscence fruits are given respectively among given list of fruits ?
Mustard, Vinca, Mango, Naravelia, Vernonia, Hiptage, Datura, Coconut, Calotropis, Trapa, Apple
(A) 4, 4 (B) 4, 5 (C) 5, 4 (D) 3, 3
(45) Which pair is mis-matched ?
(A) Hull - maize (B) Wing like pericarp - Holoptelea
(C) Hard pericarp - Nut (D) Hairy pericarp - Naravelia
(46) Which pair is matched ?
(A) Follicles - Pea (B) Legumes - Vinca
(C) Capsule - Datura (D) Siliqua - Cotton

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(47) Which is the characteristic of dehiscence in fruit of Mustard ?
(A) Dehisces by more than two sutures
(B) Dehisces by two sutures from lower to upper part
(C) It is a type of fruit which develops without fertilization
(D) Legume fruit with a single seed
(48) What is true for the fruit of Raspberry ?
(A) Mesocarp and endocarp both are fleshy.
(B) Only Mesocarp is fleshy or juicy
(C) It is an example of composite drupe fruit
(D) All the flowers of inflorescence transforms into fruits
(49) Which option is correct for the fruit of Fig ?
(A) It has bisexual flowers (B) It has only male or female flowers
(C) It has male, female and sterile flowers (D) It has only sterile flowers
(50) In development of Banyan tree fruit, which part forms fruit in addition to ovary ?
(A) Peduncle (B) Receptacle (C) Sepals (D) (B) and (C) both
(51) What is main structural difference between fruit of orange and coconut ?
(A) Epicarp (B) Mesocarp
(C) Endocarp (D) None of the given
(52) Composite fruits means...
(A) Many carpels of a single flowers transform into fruit
(B) Every carpels of many flowers transform into fruit
(C) 'A' and 'B' both (D) None of the given
(53) Which statement is not applicable to custard apple ?
(A) Each carpels of a single flower transform into fruitlets.
(B) Endocarp of fruitlet is hard and stony.
(C) It is Etaerio of berry type fruit.
(D) None of the given.
(54) Which option is not applicable to pineapple ?
(A) Fruit develops from cymose infloresence
(B) Flowers are normally Sterile
(C) Seed formation is very rare
(D) Bracts are a part of fruit
(55) Which option is correct for a fruit which forms hull by fusion of pericarp and seed coat ?
(A) Achene - Mirabilis (B) Nut - Cashew nut
(C) Samara - Holoptelea (D) Caryopsis - Maize

Answers : (41-D), (42-B), (43-C), (44-A), (45-D), (46-C), (47-B), (48-B), (49-B), (50-B), (51-C),
(52-B), (53-B), (54-A), (55-D)

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· Seed :
Fertilized Ovule

According to number of cotyledons According to presence of Endosperm

Monocot Dicot Endospermic Non-Endospermic
(Single Cotyledon) (Two Cotylodons) · (Food Stored in · (Food Stored in
· Maize, Wheat · Pea, Bean Endosperm) cotyledons)
Maize, Castor Bean, Pea

· Structure of Bean Seed : Hilum is on seed which is meant for connection of seed with fruit. It
is flat, kindey shape and yellowish white in colour. It is dicot and non-endospermic seed. It has
parts are as under : Seed

Seedcoat Embryo

Testa (outer) Tegman (Inner) Two large Tip of plumule Embryonic
· Tough and yellow · Thin and Transparent cotyledons (It is protected by axis
(White, Fleshy) two papery and
minute leaves)

(Top) Tip region Lower region
· Plumule · Radicle
(forms shoot system) (forms root system)
· Region between plumule and · Region between radicle and
cotyledons is known as Epicotyl two cotyledons is known as
hypocotyl
· Structure of Maize Seed : It is narrow at one end and broad at other end. It is yellow in colour.
Longitudinal section of seed stained with iodine shows purple endospermic region due to storage of
starch and embryo is stained yellow due to protein. It has parts as mentioned below :

Endosperm Region Embryo Region

Hull or Aleurone Main large Shield shaped Embryonic
(Seedcoat Protein rich region starch Scutellum axis
and pericarp layer is stored (Cotyledon)
fused)
Between these two Radicle Plumule
regious, enzyme rich · Covered with · Covered with
epithelial layer is present coleorhiza coleoptile

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(56) What type of cotyledons are present in non-endospermic seed ?
(A) Thin (B) Fleshy (C) Flesh or thin (D) With endosperm
(57) What is the function of coleoptile and coleorhiza ?
(A) Protection (B) Nutrition (C) Support (D) Photosynthesis
(58) Scutellum means...
(A) Fleshy single cotyledon (B) Thin single cotyledon
(C) Fleshy two cotyledons (D) Thin two cotyledons

(59) What is stored in Aleurone layer ?
(A) Starch (B) Lipid (C) Protein (D) Enzyme
(60) Which one is the largest region in Maize seed ?
(A) Scutellum (B) Endosperm (C) Plumule (D) Radicle
(61) Hilum means...
(A) Food storage region of seed (B) Water absorbing part of seed
(C) Connecting part of seed to fruit (D) Endosperm region of seed
(62) Which is not the characteristic of tegmen of Bean seed ?
(A) Leathery (B) Thin (C) Transparent (D) Soft
(63) What is true for cotyledons of castor seed ?
(A) Endospermic - fleshy (B) Non-endospermic and fleshy
(C) Endospermic - thin (D) Non-endospermic and thin
(64) Why Bean seed is known as non-endospermic ?
(A) It has no nutrition for germination.
(B) It has endospermic tissue in endosperm.
(C) Endosperm is present but has no nutrition.
(D) Nutrition of endosperm is absorbed by cotyledons
(65) Which statement is applicable for a seed which has coleoptile and coleorhiza ?
(A) Largest region of this seed posseses protein.
(B) Aleurone region of this seed posseses starch.
(C) Scutellum is fleshy and purple coloured.
(D) It has hull around it.

Answers : (56-B), (57-A), (58-B), (59-C), (60-B), (61-C), (62-A), (63-C), (64-D), (65-D)
· Floral formula : In floral formula, number of each components of flower, connection of each component
with each other, location on the thalanus, etc. has been given by symbols as mention below :
Bract : Symmetry : Sex :
ïBr = Bracteate ï † = Regular flower or 9/ = Male flower (Staminate flower)
Ebr = Ebracteate Actinomorphic 9 = Female flower (Pistillate flower)

/
9 = Bisexual flower
Brl = Bracteolate T or % = Irregular flower 
or Zygomorphic

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Calyx : Corolla : Perianth :
K = Sepals ïC = Petals P = Tepals
K4 = Four free sepals C4 = Four free petals P6 = Six free tepals
K(4) = Four united sepals C(4) = Four fused petals P(6) = Six fused tepals
(fused) P3+3 = Six tepals in two whorls of
three each
· Androecium :
A = Stamen, A5 = Five free Stamens, A(5) = Five fused Stamens, K5+5 = Ten Stamens in two
whorls of five each


A = Stamens absent, Av = Stamens indefinite in number, = Epipetalous Stamens,

0 CA
PA = Epiphyllous Stamens
· Gynoecium :
G = Carplels, G2 = Two free Carpels G(2) = Two fused Carpels, G0 = Carpels absent,
G(2 ) = Bicarpellary, syncarpous superior ovary, G(2) = Bicarpellary, syncarpous semi-inferior
ovary, G = Bicarpellary, syncarpous inferior ovary
(2)

· Floral Diagram :
Top dot shows position of axis with respect to flower. From outer to inner side Calyx, Corolla
Androecium and gynoecium is mentioned. Extrose anthers are to be faced towards the petals and introse
authers are to be faced towards the gynoecium. Staminoids are represented by ( u ) or (*), i.e. cross or
asterisk. Bract is also mentioned and if possible placentation is also mentioned.

(66) What is true for floral diagram with symbol ÒÒ(*)ÓÓ ?
(A) Only self pollination is possible (B) Only cross pollination is possible
(C) Any type of pollination is possible (D) No pollination takes place
(67) Extrose stamens means; The length of stamens is...
(A) more than petals (B) less than petals
(C) responsible for cross pollination (D) responsible for self pollination


(68) Which is not true for a flower with symbol P A ?
(A) Sepals and petals are similar in colour-shape size.
(B) Stamens are epipetalous type.
(C) Perianth is present instead of calyx and corolla.
(D) Stamens are sterile and in large number.
(69) What is correct for a floral formula with symbol 9/ ?
(A) G2 (B) A0 (C) G0 (D) All of the given
(70) Which symbols are correct for Datura flower ?
(A) G(n) ,† (B) G(n),) (C) Gn ,† (D) G0, )
(71) Gv This symbol is applicable to which flower ?
(A) Hibiscus (B) Cucumber (C) Rose (D) Mustard
(72) What can be assumed for a floral formula with ÒÒ(×)ÓÓ symbol ?
(A) Sterile Stamens (B) Stamens are absent
(C) Large number of Stamens (D) None of the given

227

(73) Which pair is mis-matched ?
(A) Bougainvillea - Br (B) Caesalpinia - Ebr (C) Bean - † (D) Datura - %
(74) Which floral formula is not according to rule or is not practical ?
/ /
(A) † , 9

, K2+2, C4 ... (B) ) , 9

, K5, C5 ...
/ /
(C) † , 9

, K3 , C3 , P3+3 ... (D) ) , 9

, K(5), C(5) ...
/


(75) Ebr, † , 9

, K(5), C(5), A5 , G0 - What is wrong with this floral formula ?
(A) In regular flower, stamens are not epipetalous (B) Epipetalous stamens are not free
(C) In bisexual flower carpels are not absent (D) All of the given

Answers : (66-D), (67-A), (68-B), (69-C), (70-A), (71-C), (72-A), (73-C), (74-C), (75-C)

· Family :

(1) Fabaceae (2) Solanaceae (3) Liliaceae
· Class ® Dicot Dicot Monocot
Subclass ® Polypetalae Gamopetalae ----
Series ® Calyciflorae Bicarpellatae Coronariae
Order ® Rosales Polymoniales ----
Family ® Fabaceae Solanaceae Liliaceae
· e.g. Cajanus cajan (Pegion pea) Datura fastuosa (Datura) Alium cepa (onion)
Phaseolus mungo (Green gram) Solanum melongena (Brinjal) Aloe vera (Kunwarpathu)
Cicer arietinum (Chana) Solanum tuberosum (Potato) Asparagus racemosus (Satavari)
Derris indica (Karanj) Solanum nigrum (Piludi) Gloriosa Superba (Vachhnag)
Lathyrus aphaca (Pea) Asphodelus tenuifolius (Dungro)
· Floral formula :
/ / /


Br, ) , 9 , K(5) , , C1+2+(2) , Ebr,


, 9
† 
, K(5) , Br, † , 9 , P33 A ,
3 3
A1+(9) , G1 C(5) A , G(2) G(3)
5
· Economic Importance :
Pulses : Black gram, green gram, Bean, Food : Potato, tomato, Brinjal Medicines : Aloe and Asparagus
Pea, Lentil. Edible Oil : Groundnut, Soyabean Medicine : Ashwagandha Ornamental plants : Tulip
Dyes : Indigofera Spices : Chilli ----
Fibers : Sun hemp Ornamental plants : Petunia ----
Medicine : Muliathi ---- ----
Fodder : Sesbania, crotolaria ---- ----
· Flower :
Complete, Zygomorphic, Bisexual, Complete actinomorphic, Complete, actinomorphic, Bisexual,
Pedicellate, Bracteate, Perigynous Bisexual, hypogyous, pentamerous trimerous, Bracteate, hypogynous

228

· Calyx :
Five, gamosepalous, Imbricate Five, gamosepalous, tubular,
aestivation persistant, valvate aestivation ----
· Corolla :
Five, polypetalous, Five, gamopetalous, ----
papillionaceous Valvate aestivation ----
· Perianth :
---- ---- 3+3 free, valvate aestivation
· Androecium :
10 diadelphous (9) + 1 dithecous anther Five epipetalous, introse 3+3,free,periphyllous,introseorextose
· Gynoecium :
Superior ovary, Unilocular, mono- 2, syncarpous, ovary superior, 3, syncarpous, superior ovary,
carpellary ovary, marginal placentation axile placentation axile placentation
· Inflorescence :
Racemose Solitary cyme, Helicoid, Solitary, axillary, Cymose,
apical or axillary Umbellate
· Leaf :
Pinnately compound or simple, simple, alternate, hairy, simple, alternate, opposite or
alternate, leaf base pulvinate, exstipulate, pinnately whorled, exstipulate, mostly
stipules spiny, reticulate dissected, Reticulate basal, parallel venation
venation venation
· Habit :
Tree, shrubs, herbs, climbers Herb, climbers, shrubs, small trees Herbaceous, climbers, bulb, rhizome
· Fruit :
Legume, one or many seeds. capsule or berry seed capsule, berry, seed
seed non-endospermic endospermic endospermic
· Habitat :
Distributed all over the In tropical and temperate Major parts of the world
world region (xerophytes)

(76) Tulip will included in which series ?
(A) Disciflorae (B) Calyciflorae (C) Coronariae (D) Bicarpellatae
(77) Which plant has ebracteate flower ?
(A) Cajanus cajan (B) Aloe vera (C) Alium cepa (D) Solanum nigrum
(78) Which symbol is correct for Solanum melongena ?









(A) C(5) A (B) P A 3 3 (C) C(5) A (D) C5 A
5 3 3 (5 ) 5
(79) How many plants are used as medicines ?
Tulip, Petunia, Ashwagandha, Indigofera, Susbenia, Muliathi, Aloe vera, Crotolaria
(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 2 (D) 5
229

(80) Which pair is matched ?
(A) Solanaceae - Axile placentation (B) Solanaceae - Inferior ovary
(C) Liliaceae - Marginal placentation (D) Liliaceae - Inferior ovary
(81) Which pair is not matched ?
(A) Fabaceae - seed non-endospermic (B) Solanaceae - seed endospermic
(C) Fabaceae - Imbricate aestivation (D) Solanaceae - Twisted aestivation
(82) How many plants has complete, irregular (zygomorphic), bisexual flowers ?
Datura, Onion, Brinjal, Kunwarpathu, Green gram, Pegion pea, Potato, Satavari, Chana, Piludi, Vachhnag
(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 2 (D) 1
(83) In which plant epiphyllous stamens are present ?
(A) Aloe vera (B) Solanum tuberosum(C) Cajanus cajan (D) Datura fastuosa
(84) In which plant the leaves are exstiputated ?
(A) Fabaceae (B) Liliaceae (C) Solanaceae (D) (B) and (C) both
(85) In which plants calyx is persistant ?
(A) Satavary (B) Brinjal (C) Karanj (D) Pegion pea
(86) Which is subfamily of family Leguminoceae ?
(A) Malvaceae
(B)
Solanaceae (C) Fabaceae (D) Liliaceae
/
(87) Ebr, † ,  , K(5),
9 , C(5) A , G(2) - This floral formula is of which family ?
(5)
(A) Malvaceae (B) Solanaceae (C) Fabaceae (D) Liliaceae
(88) Which plant has a heteromerous flower ?
(A) Brinjal (B) Karanj (C) Potato (D) (A) and (C) both
/


(89) Br, † ,  , P33
9 A , G(3) - which option is correct for leaves of the family which has this floral
3 3
formula ?
(A) Simple, parallel venation (B) Simple, Reticulate venation
(C) Compound, parallel venation (D) Compound, Reticulate venation
(90) Br, † , 9

, K(5) , C3+3 , A0 , G(3) - which option is true for given floral formula ?
(A) It has perianth in two whorls of five each.
(B) It is not complete flower.
(C) It is not isomerous flower.
(D) None of the given

Answers : (76-C), (77-D), (78-A), (79-A), (80-A), (81-D), (82-A), (83-A), (84-D), (85-B), (86-C),
(87-B), (88-B), (89-A), (90-B)

(91) Inflorescence of given figure is present in which plant ?
(A) Mustard (B) Mulberry
(C) Musa (D) Achyranthus

230

(92) What is correct for inflorescence of given figure ?
(A) Cymose, scorpioid (B) Racemose, Scorpioid
(C) Racemose, Raceme (D) Cymose, Uniparous
(93) What is correct for inflorescence of a given figure ?
(A) Cymose, scorpioid
(B) Racemose, Scorpioid
(C) Racemose, Raceme
(D) Cymose, Helicoid
(94) Which option is correct for aestivation and its related plant according to given figure ?
(A) Quincuncial - Cassia (B) Imbricate - Delonix
(C) Imbricate - Melia (D) Quincuncial - Cucurbita
(95) Which option is correct for placentation and its related plant according to given figure ?
(A) Axile - Hibiscus (B) Free cental - Dianthus
(C) Free central - Sunflower (D) Axile - Dianthus
(96) What is type of flower and location of ovary in the give figure ?
(A) Epigynous, Inferior ovary (B) Perigynous, Semi-inferior ovary
(C) Hypogynous, Superior ovary (D) Hypogynous, Inferior ovary
(97) What does X and Y indicates in given figure ? x

(A) x = Epithelial layer, y = Plumule (B) x = Aleurone layer, y = Radicle
y
(C) x = Epithelial layer, y = Radicle (D) x = Aleurone layer, y = Plumule

(98) Which option is correct for stamens and petals in the given figure ?
(A) Stamens = Introse, Petals = Vexillary
(B) Stamens = Introse, Petals = Valvate
(C) Stamens = Extrose, Petals = Vexillary
(D) Stamens = Extrose, Petals = Valvate

Answers : (91-D), (92-C), (93-A), (94-D), (95-B), (96-A), (97-A), (98-A)

(99) Match the column :
Column - I Column - II
(1) Umbel (p) Foliage bract
(2) Spike (q) Sessile flowers
(3) Spadix (r) Florets arranged in centripetally
(4) Capitulum (s) Inflorescence with involucre
(t) Stalked flowers
(A) (1 - s), (2 - t), (3 - p), (4 - r) (B) (1 - t), (2 - s), (3 - p), (4 - r)
(C) (1 - s), (2 - p), (3 - r), (4 - t) (D) (1 - s), (2 - q), (3 - p), (4 - r)
231

(100) Match the column :
Column - I Column - II
(1) Mustard (p) Hairy fruit (A) (1 - s), (2 - r), (3 - p), (4 - q)
(2) Tomato (q) Siliqua (B) (1 - q), (2 - s), (3 - t), (4 - p)
(3) Ocimum (r) Berry (C) (1 - q), (2 - r), (3 - s), (4 - p)
(4) Vernonia (s) Achene (D) (1 - p), (2 - q), (3 - s), (4 - t)
(t) Drupe
(101) Match the column :
Column - I Column - II Column - III
(1) Cajanus cajan (p) Pentamerous (v) Twisted
(2) Gloriosa Superba (q) Actinomorphic (w) Imbricate
(3) Derris indica (r) Bisexual (x) Valvate
(4) Solanum melongena (s) Stalked (y) Quincuncial
(t) Trimerous (z) Vexillary
(A) (1-s-x), (2-t-w), (3-q-z), (4-p-v) (B) (1-r-y), (2-p-x), (3-s-w), (4-q-z)
(C) (1-r-z), (2-t-x), (3-s-z), (4-p-v) (D) (1-s-y), (2-t-y), (3-s-w), (4-q-z)
(102) Match the column :
Column - I Column - II
(1) Epithelial layer (p) Enzymatic layer (A) (1 - p), (2 - q), (3 - t), (4 - s)
(2) Aleurone layer (q) Stained yellow by iodine (B) (1 - p), (2 - q), (3 - r), (4 - s)
(3) Endosperm (r) Protein rich layer (C) (1 - p), (2 - q), (3 - s), (4 - t)
(4) Cotyledons (s) Thin, one, scutellum, shield shape (D) (1 - t), (2 - q), (3 - r), (4 - s)
(t) Becomes purple by iodine
(103) Match the column :
Column - I Column - II
(1) Sessile flower (p) Bean (A) (1 - s), (2 - q), (3 - t), (4 - p)
(2) Radial symmetry (q) Pea (B) (1 - s), (2 - r), (3 - t), (4 - p)
(3) Ebracteate flower (r) Datura (C) (1 - s), (2 - r), (3 - p), (4 - q)
(4) Bilateral symmetry (s) Achyranthus (D) (1 - q), (2 - r), (3 - t), (4 - p)
(t) Caesalpinia
(104) Match the column :
Column - I Column - II



(1) C (5 ) A (p) Potato (A) (1 - t), (2 - p), (3 - s), (4 - q)
5
(2) Ebr (q) Cicer arietinum (B) (1 - p), (2 - s), (3 - r), (4 - q)



(3) P3+3 A 3+3 (r) Onion (C) (1 - t), (2 - p), (3 - s), (4 - r)
(4) C1 + 2 + (2) (s) Satavari (D) (1 - t), (2 - p), (3 - r), (4 - s)
(t) Piludi
232

(105) Match the column :
Column - I Column - II
(1) Rose (p) Apocarpous polycarpellary (A) (1 - q), (2 - r), (3 - s), (4 - p)
(2) Pea (q) Diadelphous stamens (B) (1 - s), (2 - q), (3 - r), (4 - t)
(3) Hibiscus (r) Monocarpellary (C) (1 - p), (2 - r), (3 - q), (4 - s)
(4) Lemon (s) Syncarpous polycarpellary (D) (1 - p), (2 - q), (3 - s), (4 - t)
(t) Polydelphous stamens

Answers : (99-D), (100-C), (101-C), (102-A), (103-B), (104-A), (105-D)

· A - Assertion and R - Reason type questions :
Select the proper option for answer of given questions.
(A) A and R are true. R is correct explanation of A.
(B) A and R are true. R is not correct explanation of A.
(C) A is false, R is true.
(D) A is true, R is false.
(106) Assertion A : In onion, inflorescene is umbel type.
Reason R : Rachis becomes condesed and sessile flowers are arranged like spokes of umbrella.
(A) (B) (C) (D)
(107) Assertion A : Pollen germinates only on stigma.
Reason R : Stigma is receptive for pollen or it has adequate chemical for pollen germination.
(A) (B) (C) (D)
(108) Assertion A : In Acalypha, inflorescence is spike type.
Reason R : In Acalypha, the rachis is like pendulum type and bears unisexual flowers.
(A) (B) (C) (D)
(109) Assertion A : Sepals and petals are accessory and stamens and carpels are essential
reproductive organs.
Reason R : Sepals and petals are not capable of producing reproductive cells but stamen
and carpet can produce pollen and egg cell respectively.
(A) (B) (C) (D)
(110) Assertion A : In Hibiscus, placentation is axile type.
Reason R : Hibiscus, aestivation is twisted type.
(A) (B) (C) (D)
(111) Assertion A : Although Pancratium has not petals, it shows pollination.
Reason R : Instead of petals, in Pancratium, tepals are useful in pollination.
(A) (B) (C) (D)
(112) Assertion A : In Mustard, aestivation is of valvate.
Reason R : In Mustard, the placentation is Parietal type.
(A) (B) (C) (D)
233

(113) Assertion A : Legumenous fruit is dehiscence fruit.
Reason R : In legumenous fruit, dehiscence takes place by one suture.
(A) (B) (C) (D)
(114) Assertion A : Caesalpinia has perigynous type flowers.
Reason R : In ceasalpinia, thalamus becomes flat like disc, ovary is arranged semi
inferiorally into it.
(A) (B) (C) (D)
(115) Assertion A : Apple is known as false fruit.
Reason R : In apple, in addition to ovary, peduncle is also participated in formation of fruit.
(A) (B) (C) (D)
(116) Assertion A : The cotyledons of non-endospermic seeds are always fleshy.
Reason R : Cotyledons comprises food of endosperm, they becomes fleshy.
(A) (B) (C) (D)
(117) Assertion A : Berry fruit is soft in compare to drupe fruit.
Reason R : In Berry fruit, the endocarp is juicy or fleshy.
(A) (B) (C) (D)
(118) Assertion A : Maize is caryopsis type of fruit.
Reason R : In maize, pericarp becomes flat like wings.
(A) (B) (C) (D)
(119) Assertion A : In Fabaceae family, for petals the symbol C1 + 2 + (2) is used in floral formula.
Reason R : In Fabaceae family, aestivation is vexillary type.
(A) (B) (C) (D)
(120) Assertion A : In Vachhnag, the sepals are persistant.
Reason R : Vachhnag is included in Liliaceae family.
(A) (B) (C) (D)

Answers : (106-D), (107-A), (108-C), (109-A), (110-B), (111-A), (112-B), (113-D), (114-A), (115-D),
(116-A), (117-A), (118-D), (119-A), (120-C)
· False and True (T - F) type questions :
Select correct option for answer of given true and false sentences.
(121) Assertion x : In capitulum inflorescence, the ray florets are in center.
Assertion y : In capitulum inflorescence, the disc florets are in periphary.
(A) Both are wrong (B) Both are right (C) x = right, y = wrong (D) x= wrong, y = right
(122) Assertion x : In Heliotropium, inflorescence is scorpioid type.
Assertion y : Flowers are arises from left or right side of the rachis.
(A) Both are wrong (B) Both are right (C) x = right, y = wrong (D) x= wrong, y = right
(123) Assertion x : In crinum, no individual calyx or corolla.
Assertion y : In crinum, perianth attracts insects for pollination.
(A) Both are wrong (B) Both are right (C) x = right, y = wrong (D) x= wrong, y = right
234

(124) Assertion x : In Hibiscus, aestivation is twisted type.
Assertion y : In Hibiscus, placentation is like in tomato.
(A) Both are wrong (B) Both are right (C) x = right, y = wrong (D) x= wrong, y = right
(125) Assertion x : In Bean, stamens are monodelphous.
Assertion y : In Bean, gynoecium is monocarpellary.
(A) Both are wrong (B) Both are right (C) x = right, y = wrong (D) x= wrong, y = right
(126) Assertion x : Radial symmetry is present in Caesalpinia.
Assertion y : Flowers are bracteate in Caesalpinia.
(A) Both are wrong (B) Both are right (C) x = right, y = wrong (D) x= wrong, y = right
(127) Assertion x : Fruit of Mustard is called Siliqua.
Assertion y : Ovary is superior in Mustard.
(A) Both are wrong (B) Both are right (C) x = right, y = wrong (D) x= wrong, y = right
(128) Assertion x : Asparasus racemosus is useful as Medicine.
Assertion y : Satavary is included in Liliaceae family.
/
Assertion z : † , 9

, K2+2 , C4 , K2+4 , G(2) is floral formula of liliaceae family.
(A) x, y = right, z = wrong (B) x, z = right, y = wrong
(C) y, z = right, x = wrong (D) x, y = wrong, z = right
(129) Assertion x : In maize, it has a sheild type scutellum and fleshy endosperm.
Assertion y : Protein is stored in Aleurone layer of maize.
Assertion z : Large amount of starch is stored in epithelial layer of maize.
(A) x, z = right, y = wrong (B) x, z = wrong, y = right
(C) x, y = right, z = wrong (D) y, z = wrong, x = right
(130) Assertion x : Fruit of calotropis is follicle type.
Assertion y : Calotropis posseses multiparous cymose type of inflorescence.
Assertion z : Aestivation is valvate in calotropis.
(A) All are wrong (B) All are right
(C) y, z = right, x = wrong (D) x, y = right, z = wrong
Answers : (121-A), (122-C), (123-B), (124-B), (125-D), (126-A), (127-B), (128-A), (129-C), (130-B)

· Questions for NEET :
(131) Which example does not have compound Umbel inflorescence ?
(A) Fennel (B) Onion (C) Cumin (D) Coriander
(132) In which example compound raceme inflorescence is present ?
(A) Delonix (B) Neem (C) (A) and (B) Both (D) Radish
(133) Which plant posses Biparous cymose inflorescence ?
(A) Jasmine (B) Sal
(C) Mirabilis (D) All of the given
(134) Both Racemose and Cymose inflorescence are present in ........
(A) Grapes (B) Palm (C) Hydrocotyl (D) Sunflower
235

(135) Which example group posseses actionomorphic flower ?
(A) Mustard, Datura, Chilli (B) Pea, Groundnut, Delonix
(C) Datura, Mustard, Delonix (D) Mustard, Delonix, Cassia
(136) What is special feature of Hibiscus flower ?
(A) Have only petals but not sepals
(B) Have sepals in addition to epicalyx
(C) Sepals are useful in pollination
(D) Sepals are persistant or long lived
(137) Water of coconut can be compared to ........
(A) Embryo (B) Endosperm (C) Pericarp (D) Seed coat
(138) Caruncle or stopluole means...
(A) Connection of seed with fruit (B) Spot shows connection of style
(C) Extra seed coat of seed (D) Micropyle of seed
(139) Which example posseses attractive sepals for pollination ? (i.e. Advertisement flag)
(A) Mussaenda (B) Larkspur (C) Balsum (D) All of the given
(140) In which fruit, edible part is not seen ?
(A) Almond (B) Mango (C) Trapa (D) Pulses
Answers : (131-B), (132-C), (133-D), (134-A), (135-A), (136-B), (137-B), (138-C), (139-A), (140-B)
® Racemose

Raceme Compound Raceme Spike Catkin Spikelet Spadix Corymb
e.g., or Penicle e.g., Lilly e.g., e.g., wheat e.g., e.g., Iberis
®
Cruciferae e.g., Cassuarina Alocassia Umbel
Inflorescence

Mustard Delonix e.g., Coriander
Caesalpinia Capitate or Head
®
e.g., Acacia
®
Capitulum
®Cymose
e.g., Sunflower

Solitary Simple Uniparous Biparous Multiparous Compound raceme
e.g., cotton e.g., e.g., Lilly e.g., e.g., e.g.,
Bougainvillia Clarodendrone Calotropis Anthocephallus
Special types
Helicoid e.g., Hamelia Scorpioid e.g., Brinjal, Heliotropium

¯ ¯ ¯ ¯
Cyathium Coryanthium Hypanthodium Verticillaster
e.g., Euphorbia e.g., Dorstemea e.g., Ficus e.g., Ocimum
® Mix type e.g., Tharsus
236

Simple fruit

From single or
many free carpels ® Dry fruit ®Dehiscence fruit ® Pod e.g., Chana, Pea
® Follicle e.g., Delphinium (Champo)
Dehisces
® Siliqua e.g., Asparagus, Cruciferae
at
maturity ® Silicula e.g., Iberis, capsella
® Capsule e.g., Cotton, Datura, Opium

® Cypsela e.g., Compositae, Trid, Aster
® Indehiscence
® Caryopsis e.g., Gramineae, wheat, Maize
fruit
® Achene e.g., clematis, mirabilis
® Nut e.g., Litchi, Quercus
® Samara e.g., Dioscaorea, Hiptage

® Schizocarpic fruit ® Lomentum e.g., Tamarind
Fruits ® Cremocarp e.g., Coriandum
At maturity, it
divides into ® Double Samara e.g., Acer
Mericarp ® Ragma e.g., Ricinus Euphorbia
® Carcerulus e.g., Ocimum
® Drupe e.g., Mango, Palm fruit
® Fleshy fruit ® Berry e.g., Tomato, Guava

® Pepo e.g., Cucurbita
® Pome e.g., Apple, Pear
® Hesperidium e.g., Orange, Lemon
® Balausta e.g., Pomegranate
® Amphisarca e.g., Wood apple

® Sorosis e.g., Pineapple, Screwpine, Jack fruit, Mulberry
® Composite fruit ®
Whole
inflorescence ® Syconus e.g., Ficus, Banyan, Religeousa
transforms
into fruit ® Etaerio of Achene e.g., Rose, Strawberry
® Aggregate fruit ®® Etaerio of Follicle e.g., Magnolia, Calotropis
Apocarpous ® Etaerio of Drupes e.g., Raspberry
multicarpellary ovary
® Etaerio of Berries e.g., Walnut, Polyalthea

·
237