NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Geography (Fundamentals of Human Geography) Chapter 4 Primary Activities

NCERT
SOLUTIONS
CLASS - 12th

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Book : Fundamentals of Human Geography Ncert Solutions | Chapter - 5 Social Science Geography

Class : 12th

Subject : Geography

Chapter : 5

Chapter Name : Primary Activities

Q1 Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below.

(i) Which one of the following is not a plantation crop?

(a) Coffee

(b) Sugarcane

(c) Wheat

(d) Rubber

(ii) In which one of the following countries co-operative farming was the most successful
experiment?

(a) Russia

(b) Denmark

(c) India

(d) The Netherlands

(iii) Growing of flowers is called:

(a) Truck farming

(b) Factory farming

(c) Mixed farming

(d) Floriculture

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Book : Fundamentals of Human Geography Ncert Solutions | Chapter - 5 Social Science Geography

(iv) Which one of the following types of cultivation was developed by European colonists?

(a) Kolkoz

(b) Viticulture

(c) Mixed farming

(d) Plantation

(v) In which one of the following regions is extensive commercial grain cultivation not practised?

(a) American Canadian prairies

(b) European Steppes

(c) Pampas of Argentina

(d) Amazon Basin

(vi) In which of the following types of agriculture is the farming of citrus fruit very important?

(a) Market gardening

(b) Plantation agriculture

(c) Mediterranean agriculture

(d) Co-operative farming

(vii) Which one type of agriculture amongst the following is also called ‘slash and burn
agriculture’?

(a) Extensive subsistence agriculture

(b) Primitive subsistence agriculture

(c) Extensive commercial grain cultivation

(d) Mixed farming

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Book : Fundamentals of Human Geography Ncert Solutions | Chapter - 5 Social Science Geography

(viii) Which one of the following does not follow monoculture?

(a) Dairy farming

(b) Mixed farming

(c) Plantation agriculture

(d) Commercial grain farming

Answer.

(i) (c) Wheat

(ii) (b) Denmark

(iii) (d) Floriculture

(iv) (d) Plantation

(v) (d) Amazon Basin

(vi) (c) Mediterranean agriculture

(vii) (b) Primitive subsistence agriculture

(viii) (b) Mixed farming

Page : 43 , Block Name : Multiple Choice Questions

Q2 Answer the following questions in about 30 words.

(i) Future of shifting cultivation is bleak. Discuss.

(ii) Market gardening is practised near urban areas. Why?

(iii) Large scale dairy farming is the result of the development of transportation and refrigeration.

Answer.

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Book : Fundamentals of Human Geography Ncert Solutions | Chapter - 5 Social Science Geography

(i) The biggest issue with Jhum cultivation is that the cycle of Jhum starts declining as the soil of
that region start losing its fertility in different parcels. Since, this form of cultivation is practised is
forest areas, therefore the Govt of India imposed several restrictions in such areas in order to
save the forests.

(ii) The cultivation of crops which are high valued perishable only for urban markets is market
gardening. These high valued crops may include fruits, vegetables and flowers. Since, they are
highly valued and costly, they are close to urban markets. Since these crops are perishable in
nature, so even its farms are close to urban markets.

(iii) Dairy products have a small shelf life and are perishable in nature. To supply them to
overseas and distant market, it is essential to have adequate storage facilities with required
temperature. Since, storage, transportation and preservation facilities have developed, dairy
products are now transported to overseas as well.

Page : 43 , Block Name : Short Answer Questions

Q3 Answer the following questions in not more than 150 words.

(i) Differentiate between Nomadic Herding and Commercial Livestock Rearing.

(ii) Discuss the important characteristic features of plantation agriculture. Name a few important
plantation crops from different countries.

Answer.

(i)

Nomadic Herding Commercial Livestock Herding

Here, herders move from one place to It is modern practise of animal rearing to
another with their animals and completely rely export animal products.
on them for food, clothes, transportation.

Primitive subsistence activity Modern and scientific activity which is
market-oriented

Depending on region, multiple animals are Single type of animals are kept
kept.

Very small or no capital involved. High capital involved which is spent on

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Book : Fundamentals of Human Geography Ncert Solutions | Chapter - 5 Social Science Geography

breeding, caring and feeding of animals.

No support from modern technology. Highly mechanised sector.

Associated with nomadic tribes mostly. Associated with countries that are highly
developed.

It is a subsistence activity primarily. Herders It is market oriented activity where they keep
rely on the animals for food, clothes and other animals and birds such as ducks, chickens,
requirements. horses, etc. to obtain meat so that they could
be sold in different markets.

Herders have to move from one place to It is carried out in huge ranches which are
another where water and pastures are managed scientifically.
available for their animals.

(ii) Europeans had introduced Plantation agriculture in those colonies which were situated near
the tropics. Its features are:

● It is large scale production system which is profit oriented.
● One needs capital investment in huge amount.
● It is market oriented completely.
● Cheap and large skilled labour supply
● It provides a link between agriculture and industry.
● Well developed transportation facilities are required so that raw materials could be easily
provides.

Few of the important plantation crops made popular by Europeans are:

● The British established large tea gardens in countries such as Sri Lanka and India. In
West Indies, they established Sugarcane and banana plantations apart from establishing
rubber plantation in Malaysia. They still manage coffee plantations in Brazil.
● French popularised cocoa and coffee plantation in several countries of West Africa.
● America and Spanish invested heavily in sugarcane and banana plantations in the
Philippines.
● Dutch were instrumental in starting banana plantation in Indonesia.

Page : 44 , Block Name : Long Answer Questions

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