NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Geography (Fundamentals of Human Geography) Chapter 7 Transport and Communication

NCERT
SOLUTIONS
CLASS - 12th

aglase .co

Book : Fundamentals of Human Geography Ncert Solutions | Chapter - 8 Social Science Geography

Class : 12th

Subject : Geography

Chapter : 8

Chapter Name : Transport and Communication

Q1 Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below.

(i) The Trans–Continental Stuart Highway runs between

(a) Darwin and Melbourne

(b) Edmonton and Anchorage

(c) Vancouver and St. John’s City

(d) Chengdu and Lhasa

(ii) Which country has the highest density of railway network?

(a) Brazil

(b) U.S.A

(c) Canada

(d) Russia

(iii) The Big Trunk Route runs through

(a) The Mediterranean – Indian ocean

(b) The North Atlantic Ocean

(c) The South Atlantic Ocean

(d) The North Pacific Ocean

Page 1 of 5

Book : Fundamentals of Human Geography Ncert Solutions | Chapter - 8 Social Science Geography

(iv) The Big Inch pipeline transports

(a) Milk

(b) Liquid petroleum gas (LGP)

(c) Water

(d) Petroleum

(v) Which one pair of the following places is linked by Channel Tunnel?

(a) London – Berlin

(b) Paris – London

(c) Berlin – Paris

(d) Barcelona – Berlin

(i) (a) Darwin and Melbourne

(ii) (b) U.S.A

(iii) (b) The North Atlantic Ocean

(iv) (d) Petroleum

(v) (b) Paris – London

Page : 80 , Block Name : Multiple Choice Questions

Q2 Answer the following questions in about 30 words.

(i) What are the problems of road transport in mountainous, desert and flood prone regions?

Page 2 of 5

Book : Fundamentals of Human Geography Ncert Solutions | Chapter - 8 Social Science Geography

(ii) What is a trans–continental railway?

(iii) What are the advantages of water transport?

(i) Transport is a facility through which goods and people can be carried from one place to
another. Mainly the transportation depends on physiography of nature.

Mountainous region: They have irregular terrain due to which road construction becomes
difficult as cutting through mountains is both costly and dangerous.

Desert Region: Here, sand does not provide a strong base to construct roads.

Flood Prone areas: During floods, the roads are full of water which makes it unfit for use.

(ii) The railway that connects two ends of the continent is called trans-continental railway. They
play a key role in economies of a country. They were constructed for political and economic
reasons so that long runs can be facilitated in different directions. E.g. trans-continental Siberian
railways

(iii) The bulky goods are transported over a long distance with the help of water transport. They
pay a key role in the economic life of a country. Its biggest advantage is that it is not required to
do route construction for water transport. All oceans are linked with one another and can carry
ships of all sizes. The port facilities are provided at different ends.

Page : 80 , Block Name : Short Answer Question

Q3 Answer the following questions in not more than 150 words.

(i) Elucidate the statement– “In a well managed transport system, various modes complement
each other”.

(ii) Which are the major regions of the world having a dense network of airways.

(iii) What are the modes by which cyber space will expand the contemporary economic and
social space of humans.

Page 3 of 5

Book : Fundamentals of Human Geography Ncert Solutions | Chapter - 8 Social Science Geography

(i)

Transport is a facility which empowers mankind with several advantages. It enables the
movement of people and goods from point and destination to another. These movements take
place over land, sea and air routes.

Land transport constitutes of railways and roadways.

Water transport constitutes transportation through ships and other carriers through waterways
and sea routes.

Air transport constitutes transportation through airways, enabled by airline companies.

A well managed transport system creates a vital link between all three modes. It channelises the
resources of a Nation and creates a network of trade within the country as well as with the
outside world.

A good transport system caters to the needs of all other sectors of the economy. It helps in the
movement of resources from the point of origin to the required destination.

For example : In India, Coal as a raw material is found in the states of Chattisgarh and Orissa.
Coal is required in the production process of Iron and Steel. Jharkhand is one of the major Iron
and Steel belts of India. Today, India is one of the largest producers of Iron and Steel in the
world. This is only possible because we have a strong transportation system through which Coal
is supplied to Iron and Steel industries and then the finished good is supplied to the world
market.

Thus, we can conclude that, "In a well managed transport system, various modes complement
each other."

(ii) Nowadays frequent air services are available in different parts of the world. Although the
United Kingdom was the first country to pioneer the usage of commercial jets, it was the United
States of America which successfully developed the civil aviation network post war largely. Now,
more than 250 airlines of different countries offer their services to different parts of the world.
The developments that have taken place recently are changing aviation’s future course.
Supersonic aircraft can cover the distance between New York and London within three and a
half hours.

The Northern Hemisphere consists of a distinct east-west belt of inter-continental air routes.
Eastern USA, Southeast Asia and Western Europe consists of dense air routes. USA has 60%
of the world’s airways. London, New York, Paris, Singapore, Bangkok, Mumbai, San Francisco,
Rome, Frankfurt, Moscow, Karachi are some of the nodal points from where air routes
converges to all points.

Page 4 of 5

Book : Fundamentals of Human Geography Ncert Solutions | Chapter - 8 Social Science Geography

(iii) In developing countries, cell phones are used which is possible due to satellites. It is
important for rural connectivity. After the optic cables were introduced, it allowed transfer of
large quantity of data to be transferred in a secure manner. Currently, the Internet is the largest
electronic network that connects billions of people across the globe.

Several countries have deployed artificial satellites in the orbit of the earth to connect remote
corners of the world with limited on site verification. It has rendered unit cost and time of
communication. Cyberspace is a world of the electronic computerised space. It is encompassed
with Internet through the world wide web (www). Cyberspace exists everywhere.

Cyberspace has expanded on contemporary social and economic space of humans through
e-commerce, e-mail, e-learning and e-governance. It is easily accessible to people in even
remote areas.

Page : 80 , Block Name : Long Answer Question

Page 5 of 5