NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Geography (Fundamentals of Human Geography) Chapter 8 International Trade

NCERT
SOLUTIONS
CLASS - 12th

aglase .co

Book : Fundamentals of Human Geography Ncert Solutions | Chapter - 9 Social Science Geography

Class : 12th

Subject : Geography

Chapter : 9

Chapter Name : International Trade

Q1 Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below.

(i) Most of the world’s great ports are classified as:

(a) Naval Ports

(b) Oil Ports

(c) Comprehensive Ports

(d) Industrial Ports

(ii) Which one of the following continents has the maximum flow of global trade?

(a) Asia

(b) North America

(c) Europe

(d) Africa

(iii) Which one of the following South American nation, is a part of OPEC?

(a) Brazil

(b) Chile

(c) Venezuela

(d) Peru

Page 1 of 4

Book : Fundamentals of Human Geography Ncert Solutions | Chapter - 9 Social Science Geography

(iv) In which of the following trade blocs, is India an associate member?

(a) SAFTA

(b) OECD

(c) ASEAN

(d) OPEC

Answer.

(i) (c) Comprehensive Ports

(ii) (b) North America

(iii) (c) Venezuela

(iv) (a) SAFTA

Page : 89 , Block Name : Multiple Choice Questions

Q2 Answer the following questions in about 30 words:

(i) What is the basic function of the World Trade Organisation?

(ii) Why is it detrimental for a nation to have negative balance of payments?

(iii) What benefits do nations get by forming trading blocs?

Answer.

(i) WTO’s basic function is to act as an international organisation to deal with global rules of
trade between different countries. It decides the rule of global trading and resolves trade related

Page 2 of 4

Book : Fundamentals of Human Geography Ncert Solutions | Chapter - 9 Social Science Geography

disputes between the countries which are its members. It promotes free and fair trade among
nations. It also provides cooperation between the member countries in sectors such as banking,
telecommunication and issues like intellectual rights.

(ii) If a country has negative balance of payment, it means that it has been spending more on
buying goods from other countries than it can by selling its own goods. Such countries borrow
from other rich countries and organisations so that it could pay for its imports. It degrades that
country’s economy.

(iii) When different countries come together to form an economic alliance, it is called trading
bloc. Once they form such a bloc, they try to reduce tariffs on selected goods and other barriers
when these countries trade among themselves. It is a good way of promoting regional
corporation. It helps to open up new markets and businesses find it easy to expand.

Page : 90 , Block Name : Short Answer Question

Q3 Answer the following questions in not more than 150 words:

(i) How are ports helpful for trade? Give a classification of ports on the basis of their location.

(ii) How do nations gain from International Trade?

Answer.

(i) Ports and harbours are chief gateways in the world of international trade. It is via these ports
that travellers and cargoes move places. The port consists of facilities for storage of cargoes as
well as their docking, loading and unloading. To make the maintenance of cargoes feasible, the
port authorities arranges the barges and tugs, provide managerial and labour services and
maintain the channels of navigation.

The number of ships a port can handle its cargo’s size determine how much important that port
is. How much quantity of cargo a port is able to handle indicates development of its hinterland.

Ports can be classified in following types on the basis of location:

● Outer Ports: They are deep water ports which is built away from the actual ports. They
serve the actual ports by receiving the vessels which have large size. For example
Athens and its outer port Piraeus in Greece.
● Inland Ports: They are located away from the coast of the sea. They are linked to sea
with a canal or river’s help. Only flat bottom ships or barges can pass through these
ports. E.g. Kolkata is linked with river Hooghly which is a branch of Ganga river.

Page 3 of 4

Book : Fundamentals of Human Geography Ncert Solutions | Chapter - 9 Social Science Geography

Memphis is situated on the Mississippi river. Ports like Duisberg and Mannheim are
connected to Rhines river.

(ii) International trade is a result of specialization in production. It benefits economies across the
globe if a country practises specialization and division of labour in provision of services or
production commodities. Each type of specialization gives rise to trade. It is based on the
principle of comparative advantage, complementarity and transferability of goods and services
in principle. It should be mutually beneficial to all trading partners. The countries which deal in
international trade lead in regional specialization. The main benefits are:

● It helps in improvement of the standard of living of the people.
● It enables the availability of goods and services across the globe.
● It creates huge employment opportunities.
● It helps in better utilisation of resources.
● It helps in the growth of the economy.
● It encourages the growth of World Trade.
● It helps in creation of Cross-cultural relationships.

Page : 90 , Block Name : Long Answer Question

Page 4 of 4