NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Geography (India - People and Economy) Chapter 5 Mineral and Energy Resources

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SOLUTIONS
CLASS - 12th

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Book : India- People and Economy Ncert Solutions | Chapter - 7 Social Science Geography

Class : 12th

Subject : Geography

Chapter : 7

Chapter Name : Mineral and Energy Resources

Q1 Choose the right answers of the following from the given options.

(i) In which one of the following States are the major oil fields located?

(a) Assam

(b) Bihar

(c) Rajasthan

(d) Tamil Nadu

(ii) At which one of the following places was the first atomic power station started?

(a) Kalpakkam

(b) Narora

(c) Rana Pratap Sagar

(d) Tarapur

(iii) Which one of the following minerals is known as brown diamond?

(a) Iron

(b) Lignite

(c) Manganese

(d) Mica

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Book : India- People and Economy Ncert Solutions | Chapter - 7 Social Science Geography

(iv) Which one of the following is non-renewable source of energy?

(a) Hydel

(b) Solar

(c) Thermal

(d) Wind power

Answer.

(i) (a) Assam

(ii) (d) Tarapur

(iii) (b) Lignite

(iv) (c) Thermal

Page : 84 , Block Name : Multiple Choice Questions

Q2 Answer the following questions in about 30 words.

(i) Give an account of the distribution of mica in India.

(ii) What is nuclear power? Mention the important nuclear power stations in India.

(iii) Name non-ferrous metal. Discuss their spatial distribution.

(vi) What are non-conventional sources of energy?

Answer.

(i) Mica is mainly used in the electrical and electronic industries. In India, Mica is produced in
Jharkhand, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana and Rajasthan which is followed by Tamil Nadu, West
Bengal and Madhya Pradesh. In Jharkhand, high quality mica is obtained from lower
Hazaribagh plateau. In Andhra Pradesh, Nellore district produces the best quality mica. In
Rajasthan, mica belt extends from Jaipur to Bhilwara and around Udaipur. Mica deposits also
occur in Mysore and Hasan districts of Karnataka, Coimbatore, Tiruchirapalli, Madurai and

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Book : India- People and Economy Ncert Solutions | Chapter - 7 Social Science Geography

Kanyakumari in Tamil Nadu, Alleppey in Kerala, Ratnagiri in Maharashtra, Purulia and Bankura
in West Bengal.

(ii) Nuclear power is the power or the source of energy obtained from nuclear reactions like
fission and fusion. The energy is released during these processes and can be used to generate
electricity.

The important nuclear power stations in India are :-

➔ Tarapur (Maharashtra)

➔ Rawatbhata near Kota (Rajasthan)

➔ Kalpakkam (Tamil Nadu)

➔ Narora (Uttar Pradesh)

➔ Kaiga (Karnataka)

➔ Kakrapar (Gujarat).

(iii) Bauxite, copper, lead, magnesium, zinc, gold and silver are non-ferrous metals. India is
poorly blessed with non-ferrous metallic minerals except bauxite and copper.

Odisha is the largest producer of Bauxite. Kalahandi and Sambalpur are the leading producers.
The patlands of Lohardaga in Jharkhand have rich deposits. Bhavanagar, and Jamnagar in
Gujarat have the major deposits of bauxite. Chhattisgarh has bauxite deposits in Amarkantak
plateau while KatniJabalpur area and Balaghat in M.P. have important deposits of bauxite.
Kolaba, Thane, Ratnagiri, Satara, Pune and Kolhapur in Maharashtra are important producers
of bauxite. Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Goa are minor producers of bauxite.

Copper deposits mainly occur in Singhbhum district in Jharkhand, Balaghat district in Madhya
Pradesh and Jhunjhunu and Alwar districts in Rajasthan. Minor producers of Copper are
Agnigundala in Guntur District (Andhra Pradesh), Chitradurg and Hasan districts (Karnataka)
and South Arcot district (Tamil Nadu).

(iv) Non-conventional sources of energy are those sources of energy which are generated by
using wind, tides, solar, geothermal heat, and biomass including farm and animal waste. All
these sources are renewable or inexhaustible in nature and do not cause environmental
pollution. These energy sources are more equitably distributed and environment-friendly. The
non-conventional energy sources will provide more sustained, eco-friendly cheaper energy after
the initial cost is taken care of.

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Book : India- People and Economy Ncert Solutions | Chapter - 7 Social Science Geography

Page : 84 , Block Name : Short Answer Question

Q3 Answer the following questions in about 150 words.

(i) Write a detailed note on the Petroleum resources of India.

(ii) Write an essay on hydel power in India.

Answer.

(i) Crude petroleum consists of hydrocarbons of liquid and gaseous states varying in chemical
composition, colour and specific gravity. It is an essential source of energy for all internal
combustion engines in automobiles, railways and aircraft. Its numerous by-products are
processed in petrochemical industries, such as fertiliser, synthetic rubber, synthetic fibre,
medicines, vaseline, lubricants, wax, soap and cosmetics.

Crude petroleum occurs in sedimentary rocks of the tertiary period.

In India petroleum resources occur at following places :-

➔ Assam :-Digboi, Naharkatiya and Moran

➔ Gujarat :-Ankaleshwar, Kalol, Mehsana, Nawagam, Kosamba and Lunej.

➔ Mumbai High lies 160 km off Mumbai

➔ Oil and natural gas have been found in exploratory wells in Krishna-Godavari and Kaveri
basin on the east coast.

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Book : India- People and Economy Ncert Solutions | Chapter - 7 Social Science Geography

Fig:-Petroleum reserves in India

(ii) Hydel power or hydro electricity is a source of energy which is generated from water. It is
non-conventional source of energy and it is non-polluting in nature. It has also become one of
the most economical sources of energy. Today, dams are built not just for irrigation but for
electricity generation, water supply for domestic and industrial uses, flood control, recreation,
inland navigation and fish breeding. For example, in the Sutlej-Beas river basin, the Bhakra –
Nangal project water is being used both for hydel power production and irrigation. The Hirakud
project in the Mahanadi basin integrates conservation of water with flood control.

India is the 7th largest producer of hydro-electricity in the world. India currently hastm 197
hydropower plants and 9 pumped storage stations. It ranks fifth in the world for potential
hydropower capacity.

A hydroelectric power plant consists of a dam which is built across a large river. The energy is
generated from the collection from the runoff of excess water during seasonal rainfall and during
the hydrological cycle.

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Book : India- People and Economy Ncert Solutions | Chapter - 7 Social Science Geography

Page : 84 , Block Name : Long Answer Question

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