NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Geography (India - People and Economy) Manufacturing Industries [Old Book]

NCERT
SOLUTIONS
CLASS - 12th

aglase .co

Class : 12th

Subject : Geography

Chapter : 8

Chapter Name : MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES

Q1 Choose the right answers of the following from the given options.

(i) Which is not a factor of industrial location?

(a) Market

(b) Capital

(c) Population Density

(d) Power

(ii) The earliest Iron and Steel Company to be established in India was:

(a) IISCO

(b) TISCO

(c) Visvesvaraya Iron and Steel Works

(d) Mysore Iron and Steel Works.

(iii) The first modern cotton mill was established in Mumbai because:

(a) Mumbai is a port

(b) It is located near cotton growing area

(c) Mumbai was the financial centre

(d) All of the above

Page 1 of 5

Book : India- People and Economy Ncert Solutions | Chapter - 8 Social Science Geography

(iv) The nucleus of the Hugli Industrial Region is:

(a) Kolkata-Haora

(b) Kolkata-Rishra

(c) Kolkata-Medinipur

(d) Kolkata-Konnagar

(v) Which one of the following is the second largest producer of sugar:

(a) Maharashtra

(b) Uttar Pradesh

(c) Punjab

(d) Tamil Nadu

(i) (c) Population Density

(ii) (b) TISCO

(iii) (d) All of the above

(iv) (a) Kolkata-Haora

(v) (b) Uttar Pradesh

Page : 102 , Block Name : Multiple Choice Questions

Q2 Answer the following questions in about 30 words.

(i) Why do you think that the iron and steel industry is basic to the industrial development of any
country?

Page 2 of 5

(ii) Name the two sectors of the cottage textile industries. How are they different?

(iii) Why is the sugar industry a seasonal industry?

(iv) What is the raw material base for the petrochemical industry? Name some of the products of
this industry.

(v) What is the major impact of Information Technology (IT) revolution in India?

(i) The Iron and Steel industry is the bloodline of the industrial development of any country as
almost all sectors of the Indian industry depend heavily on the iron and steel industry for their
basic infrastructure. It provides raw materials for machine tools, construction, transport,
agricultural inputs and several other industries which are essential for modern industrial
development. The quantity of steel production and its per capita consumption are used as
measures to judge the level of industrialization and economic development.

(ii) The cotton textile industry in India can be broadly divided into two sectors :-

➔​ Organised sector

➔​ Unorganised sector

Organised sector makes use of powerlooms. While in unorganised sector, work is done by
different units and it makes use of handlooms as well as powerlooms. The production of the
organised sector has drastically fallen from 81 percent in the mid-twentieth century to only about
6 per cent in 2000. At present, the power looms on the decentralised sector produce more than
the handloom sector.

(iii) Sugar industry is a seasonal industry because of the availability of raw material i.e
sugarcane which is a perishable crop and is not available throughout the year but only in the
months of November to January.

(iv) Low value by products of crude petroleum provides raw material base for the petrochemical
industry.

The industry produces a range of useful products, including plastics, Polymers, ​synthetic rubber​
,
solvents, ​fertilisers​, pharmaceuticals, ​
additives​, explosives and ​adhesives​.

Page 3 of 5

(v) The advancement in information technology particularly IT services and business processing
outsourcing in India has had a profound influence. The Information Technology (IT) revolution
opened up new possibilities of economic transformation leading to social and cultural benefits.
These services continue to be on a growing trajectory.

A large number of Indian software companies have acquired international quality.The
government has created a number of software parks with major impact on employment creation.

Page : 103 , Block Name : Short Answer Question

Q3 Answer the following questions in about 150 words.

(i) How did the Swadeshi movement give a major impetus to the cotton textiles industry?

(ii) What do you understand by liberalisation, privatisation and globalisation? How have they
helped industrial development in India?

(i) The British did not encourage the development of the indigenous cotton textile industry. They
exported raw cotton to their mills in Manchester and Liverpool and brought back the finished
products to be sold in India. This led to the decline of cotton textile industry in India as the cloth
imported from England was cheap.

The Swadeshi movement which gave a call for boycotting all British made goods and
substituting them for Indian handicrafts and cotton, accelerated the speed of development of the
Indian textiles. Mills were set up at Coimbatore, Madurai and Bangalore, Nagpur, Indore,
Solapur and Vadodara. More and more people boycotted british cloth and embraced khadi
cloth. This gave huge impetus to cotton industries.

(ii) Economic reforms introduced by the Indian government in 1991 were known as L.P.G. The
major objectives of this policy were to build on the gains already made, correct the distortions or
weaknesses that have crept in, maintain a sustained growth in productivity and gainful
employment and attain international competitiveness.

Liberalisation stands for removal or reduction of different types of controls on private and foreign
sector which are in force in the economy so as to make trade and industrial sector more smooth
in their functioning. Eg. Industrial licensing system has been abolished for all except six
industries related to security, strategic or environmental concerns. The number of industries
reserved for public sector since 1956 have been reduced from 17 to 4.

Privatization is the transfer of control of ownership of economic resources from the public sector
to the private sector. It means a decline in the role of the public sector. Industrial policy had

Page 4 of 5

Book : India- People and Economy Ncert Solutions | Chapter - 8 Social Science Geography

been liberalised to attract private investors both domestic and multinationals. New sectors like,
mining, telecommunications, highway construction and management were thrown open to
private companies.

Globalisation is interaction between private and public entities in a way that they become
increasingly integrated and interdependent across territorial borders.

In the Indian context, this implies: (1) opening of the economy to foreign direct investment by
providing facilities to foreign companies to invest in different fields of economic activity in India;
(2) removing restrictions and obstacles to the entry of multinational companies in India; (3)
allowing Indian companies to enter into foreign collaboration in India and also encouraging them
to set up joint-ventures abroad etc.

Page : 103 , Block Name : Long Answer Question

Page 5 of 5