NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Geography (India - People and Economy) Chapter 6 Planning and Sustainable Development in Indian Context

NCERT
SOLUTIONS
CLASS - 12th

aglase .co

Book : India- People and Economy Ncert Solutions | Chapter - 9 Social Science Geography

Class : 12th

Subject : Geography

Chapter : 9

Chapter Name : PLANNING AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN INDIAN
CONTEXT

Q1 Choose the right answers of the following from the given options.

(i) Regional planning relates to :

(a) Development of various sectors of economy.

(b) Area specific approach of development.

(c) Area differences in transportation network.

(d) Development of rural areas.

(ii) ITDP refers to which one of the following?

(a) Integrated Tourism Development Programme

(b) Integrated Travel Development Programme

(c) Integrated Tribal Development Programme

(d) Integrated Transport Development Programme

(iii) Which one of the following is the most crucial factor for sustainable development in Indira
Gandhi Canal Command Area?

(a) Agricultural development

(b) Eco-development

(c) Transport development

(d) Colonisation of land

Page 1 of 4

Book : India- People and Economy Ncert Solutions | Chapter - 9 Social Science Geography

Answer.

(i) (b) Area specific approach of development

(ii) (c) Integrated Tribal Development Programme

(iii) (b) Eco development

Page : 112 , Block Name : Multiple Choice Questions

Q2 Answer the following questions in about 30 words.

(i) What are the social benefits of ITDP in the Bharmour tribal region?

(ii) Define the concept of sustainable development.

(iii) What are the positive impacts of irrigation on Indira Gandhi Canal Command Area?

Answer.

(i) The social benefits derived from ITDP in the Bharmaur tribal region included increase in
literacy rate, improvement in sex ratio and decline in child marriage.

There has been a significant decline in gender inequality. One of the most significant
contributions of tribal sub-plan in Bharmaur region is the development of infrastructure in terms
of schools, healthcare facilities, potable water, roads, communications and electricity.

(ii) Brundtland Report defines sustainable development as “development that meets the needs
of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.”

Sustainable development is the all round development which considers various ecological,
social and economic aspects of development during the present times and also develops
strategies for conservation of resources to enable our future generations to use these
resources.

(iii) The introduction of canal irrigation has brought about a great transformation in the
agricultural economy of the region. Soil moisture has always been a limiting factor in successful
growing of crops in this area. Spread of canal irrigation has led to an increase in cultivated area

Page 2 of 4

Book : India- People and Economy Ncert Solutions | Chapter - 9 Social Science Geography

and intensity of cropping. The traditional crops sown in the area, gram, bajra and jowar have
been replaced by wheat, cotton, groundnut and rice. This is the result of intensive irrigation. This
intensive irrigation, no doubt, has led to a tremendous increase in agricultural and livestock
productivity.

Page : 112 , Block Name : Short Answer Question

Q3 Answer the following questions in about 150 words.

(i) Write short notes on drought-prone area programme. How does this programme help in the
development of dryland agriculture in India?

(ii) Suggest the measures of promotion of sustainability in Indira Gandhi Canal Command Area.

Answer.

(i) The Drought-prone area programme was initiated during the Fourth Five Year Plan. It's major
objective was to provide employment to the people in drought-prone areas and create
productive assets. The initial aims of this programme laid emphasis on the construction of
labour-intensive civil works, gradually it emphasised on irrigation projects, land development
programmes, afforestation, grassland development and creation of basic rural infrastructure,
such as electricity, roads, market, credit and services. This programme is largely confined to the
development of agriculture and allied sectors with major focus on restoration of ecological
balance.

Since growing population pressure is forcing the society to utilise the marginal lands for
agriculture, and, thereby causing ecological degradation, there is a need to create alternative
employment opportunities in the drought prone areas. The other strategies of development of
these areas include adoption of integrated watershed development approach at the micro-level.
The restoration of ecological balance between water, soil, plants, and human and animal
population should be a basic consideration in the strategy of development of drought-prone
areas.

The Planning Commission of India (1967) identified 67 districts (entire or partly) of the country
prone to drought. The Irrigation Commission (1972) introduced the criterion of 30 per cent
irrigated area and demarcated the drought-prone areas. Broadly, the drought prone area in
India spread over semi-arid and arid tract of Rajasthan, Gujarat, Western Madhya Pradesh,
Marathwada region of Maharashtra, Rayalaseema and Telangana plateaus of Andhra Pradesh,
Karnataka plateau and highlands and interior parts of Tamil Nadu. The drought-prone areas of
Punjab, Haryana and north-Rajasthan are largely protected due to the spread of irrigation in
these regions.

Page 3 of 4

Book : India- People and Economy Ncert Solutions | Chapter - 9 Social Science Geography

(ii) The measures that were proposed to promote sustainable development in the command
area are meant to restore ecological balance, some of which are :

(i) The first requirement is strict implementation of water management policy. The canal project
envisages protective irrigation in Stage-I and extensive irrigation of crops and pasture
development in Stage-II.

(ii) In general, the cropping pattern shall not include water intensive crops. It shall be adhered to
and the people shall be encouraged to grow plantation crops such as citrus fruits.

(iii) The CAD programmes such as lining of water courses, land development and levelling and
warabandi system (equal distribution of canal water in the command area of outlet) shall be
effectively implemented to reduce the conveyance loss of water.

(iv) The areas affected by water logging and soil salinity shall be reclaimed.

(v) The eco-development through afforestation, shelterbelt plantation and pasture development
is necessary, particularly in the fragile environment of Stage-II.

(vi) The social sustainability in the region can be achieved only if the land allottees having poor
economic background are provided adequate financial and institutional support for cultivation of
land.

(vii) The economic sustainability in the region cannot be attained only through the development
of agriculture and animal husbandry. The agricultural and allied activities have to develop along
with other sectors of economy. This shall lead to diversification of economic base and
establishment of functional linkages between basic villages, agro-service centres and market
centres.

Page : 112 , Block Name : Long Answer Question

Page 4 of 4