NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Geography (India - People and Economy) Chapter 7 Transport and Communication
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Page 1
NCERT
SOLUTIONS
CLASS - 12th
aglase .co
SOLUTIONS
CLASS - 12th
aglase .co
Page 2
Book : India- People and Economy Ncert Solutions | Chapter - 10 Social Science Geography
Class : 12th
Subject : Geography
Chapter : 10
Chapter Name : TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION
Q1 Choose the right answers of the following from the given options.
(i) In how many zones has the Indian Railways system been divided?
(a) 9
(b) 12
(c) 16
(d) 14
(ii) On which river and between which two places does the National WaterWay No. 1 lie?
(a) The Brahmaputra, Sadiya-Dhubri
(b) The Ganga, Haldia-Allahabad
(c) West Coast Canal, Kottapuram to Kollam
(iii) In which of the following year, the first radio programme was broadcast?
(a) 1911
(b) 1936
(c) 1927
(d) 1923
Answer.
Page 1 of 6
Class : 12th
Subject : Geography
Chapter : 10
Chapter Name : TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION
Q1 Choose the right answers of the following from the given options.
(i) In how many zones has the Indian Railways system been divided?
(a) 9
(b) 12
(c) 16
(d) 14
(ii) On which river and between which two places does the National WaterWay No. 1 lie?
(a) The Brahmaputra, Sadiya-Dhubri
(b) The Ganga, Haldia-Allahabad
(c) West Coast Canal, Kottapuram to Kollam
(iii) In which of the following year, the first radio programme was broadcast?
(a) 1911
(b) 1936
(c) 1927
(d) 1923
Answer.
Page 1 of 6
Page 3
Book : India- People and Economy Ncert Solutions | Chapter - 10 Social Science Geography
(i) (c) 16
(ii) (b) The Ganga, Haldia-Allahabad
(iii) (d) 1923
Page : 123 , Block Name : Multiple Choice Questions
Q2 Answer the following questions in about 30 words.
(i) Which activity does transportation convey? Name three major modes of transportation.
(ii) Discuss advantages and disadvantages of pipeline transportation.
(iii) What do you mean by ‘communication’?
(iv) Discuss the contribution of Air India and Indian in the air transport of India.
Answer.
(i) Transport is included in tertiary activities. Under this, people and goods are taken from place
of their availability to the place of their use.
There are three types of transport:
Land transport—Roads, railways, ropeways and pipelines.
Water transport—Inland waterways, sea routes and ocean routes.
Air transport—National and International.
(ii) Pipelines transportation is the most convenient and efficient mode of transporting liquids and
gases over long distances.
Advantages of Pipeline Transportation
They are well suited to transport liquids and gases, they can be laid through difficult terrains
which makes them a popular choice. The low energy consumption and safety guarantee is
higher flor piplines than other means of transportation and they are also an environmentally
friendly choice.
Page 2 of 6
(i) (c) 16
(ii) (b) The Ganga, Haldia-Allahabad
(iii) (d) 1923
Page : 123 , Block Name : Multiple Choice Questions
Q2 Answer the following questions in about 30 words.
(i) Which activity does transportation convey? Name three major modes of transportation.
(ii) Discuss advantages and disadvantages of pipeline transportation.
(iii) What do you mean by ‘communication’?
(iv) Discuss the contribution of Air India and Indian in the air transport of India.
Answer.
(i) Transport is included in tertiary activities. Under this, people and goods are taken from place
of their availability to the place of their use.
There are three types of transport:
Land transport—Roads, railways, ropeways and pipelines.
Water transport—Inland waterways, sea routes and ocean routes.
Air transport—National and International.
(ii) Pipelines transportation is the most convenient and efficient mode of transporting liquids and
gases over long distances.
Advantages of Pipeline Transportation
They are well suited to transport liquids and gases, they can be laid through difficult terrains
which makes them a popular choice. The low energy consumption and safety guarantee is
higher flor piplines than other means of transportation and they are also an environmentally
friendly choice.
Page 2 of 6
Page 4
Book : India- People and Economy Ncert Solutions | Chapter - 10 Social Science Geography
Disadvantages of Pipeline Transportation
The carrying capacity of the pipelines cannot be increased once laid. It can be used only for a
few fixed points. It is difficult to make security arrangements for pipelines, they are very prone to
security threats. Underground pipelines cannot be easily repaired and detection of leakage is
also difficult.
(iii) Communication means conveyance of information between two points. Different methods of
communication are telegraph, printing press, telephone, satellite, etc. On the basis of scale and
quality, the mode of communication can be divided into :
1. Personal Communication System
2. Mass Communication System
(iv) Air India is government owned enterprise and largest international carrier ,It provides
International services for passengers and cargo. It connects over 60 destinations all across the
world. In 2005, it carried 12.2 million passengers and 4.8 Lakh metric tonnes of cargo.Indian
airlines were incorporated in 1953. It was the other flag carrier of India along with Air India and
focussed on domestic routes.
Page : 123 , Block Name : Short Answer Question
Q3 Answer the following questions in about 150 words.
(i) Which are the chief means of transportation in India? Discuss the factors affecting their
development.
(ii) Give a detailed account of the development of railways in India and highlight their
importance.
(iii) Describe the role of roads in economic development of India.
Answer.
(i) The various means of transport available in India are :-
Page 3 of 6
Disadvantages of Pipeline Transportation
The carrying capacity of the pipelines cannot be increased once laid. It can be used only for a
few fixed points. It is difficult to make security arrangements for pipelines, they are very prone to
security threats. Underground pipelines cannot be easily repaired and detection of leakage is
also difficult.
(iii) Communication means conveyance of information between two points. Different methods of
communication are telegraph, printing press, telephone, satellite, etc. On the basis of scale and
quality, the mode of communication can be divided into :
1. Personal Communication System
2. Mass Communication System
(iv) Air India is government owned enterprise and largest international carrier ,It provides
International services for passengers and cargo. It connects over 60 destinations all across the
world. In 2005, it carried 12.2 million passengers and 4.8 Lakh metric tonnes of cargo.Indian
airlines were incorporated in 1953. It was the other flag carrier of India along with Air India and
focussed on domestic routes.
Page : 123 , Block Name : Short Answer Question
Q3 Answer the following questions in about 150 words.
(i) Which are the chief means of transportation in India? Discuss the factors affecting their
development.
(ii) Give a detailed account of the development of railways in India and highlight their
importance.
(iii) Describe the role of roads in economic development of India.
Answer.
(i) The various means of transport available in India are :-
Page 3 of 6
Page 5
Book : India- People and Economy Ncert Solutions | Chapter - 10 Social Science Geography
➔ Road Transport: India has a good and large network of roads.The main advantage is
that it can be used to connect all places. Pucca roads provide the means for fast and
comfortable travel. The roads connect even remote areas like mountains and desert.
➔ Rail Transport:The Indian Railway System is the largest in Asia and the second
largest in the world. It carries a huge load of passengers and also bulky goods from one
region to another. Railways provide an accessible, affordable and fast means of
transport.
➔ Water Transport: Includes ships that sail in oceans and seas, carrying all types of
goods. India has a long coastline and many major and minor ports. Rivers like the
Ganga and Brahmaputra are used extensively as an inland means of water transport.
➔ Air Transport: Aeroplanes are the fastest means of transport. Air transport has made
the world much more connected and allowed transfer of food, medicine, etc. to all
places.In times of floods, other natural calamities or accidents it is the best means of
transport.
The development of transport in any region is influenced by the following factors :-
➔ Historical Factor: This involves the location and patterns of systems, technological
development, institutional development and settlement, and land-use patterns.
➔ The Technological Factor: The technological characteristics of each major transport
mode are considered together with a discussion of the effects of technological advances.
➔ The Physical Factor: This includes physiographic controls upon route selection, and
geological and climatic influences.
➔ The Economic Factor: The structure and nature of transport costs, together with
service quality and methods of pricing and charging.
➔ Political and Social Factors: Government involvement in capital, monopolies
,competition, working conditions and coordination between modes, transport as an
employer and social consequences of transport developments.
(ii) Indian Railways network is one of the longest in the world. It facilitates the movement of both
freight and passengers and contributes to the growth of the economy. Indian Railway was
introduced in 1853 and is now the largest government undertaking in the country.
The first railway line in India was opened between Mumbai and Thane. This line was extended
to Kalyan and Khopoli . Meanwhile, the construction of the railway lines was going on in
eastern part of the country and the first section of the East Indian Railway, from Howrah to
Hugli, a distance of 37 km was inaugurated in 1854. The Haora-Hugli section was extended to
Pundooah and Raniganj Coal Mines.
Page 4 of 6
➔ Road Transport: India has a good and large network of roads.The main advantage is
that it can be used to connect all places. Pucca roads provide the means for fast and
comfortable travel. The roads connect even remote areas like mountains and desert.
➔ Rail Transport:The Indian Railway System is the largest in Asia and the second
largest in the world. It carries a huge load of passengers and also bulky goods from one
region to another. Railways provide an accessible, affordable and fast means of
transport.
➔ Water Transport: Includes ships that sail in oceans and seas, carrying all types of
goods. India has a long coastline and many major and minor ports. Rivers like the
Ganga and Brahmaputra are used extensively as an inland means of water transport.
➔ Air Transport: Aeroplanes are the fastest means of transport. Air transport has made
the world much more connected and allowed transfer of food, medicine, etc. to all
places.In times of floods, other natural calamities or accidents it is the best means of
transport.
The development of transport in any region is influenced by the following factors :-
➔ Historical Factor: This involves the location and patterns of systems, technological
development, institutional development and settlement, and land-use patterns.
➔ The Technological Factor: The technological characteristics of each major transport
mode are considered together with a discussion of the effects of technological advances.
➔ The Physical Factor: This includes physiographic controls upon route selection, and
geological and climatic influences.
➔ The Economic Factor: The structure and nature of transport costs, together with
service quality and methods of pricing and charging.
➔ Political and Social Factors: Government involvement in capital, monopolies
,competition, working conditions and coordination between modes, transport as an
employer and social consequences of transport developments.
(ii) Indian Railways network is one of the longest in the world. It facilitates the movement of both
freight and passengers and contributes to the growth of the economy. Indian Railway was
introduced in 1853 and is now the largest government undertaking in the country.
The first railway line in India was opened between Mumbai and Thane. This line was extended
to Kalyan and Khopoli . Meanwhile, the construction of the railway lines was going on in
eastern part of the country and the first section of the East Indian Railway, from Howrah to
Hugli, a distance of 37 km was inaugurated in 1854. The Haora-Hugli section was extended to
Pundooah and Raniganj Coal Mines.
Page 4 of 6
Page 6
Book : India- People and Economy Ncert Solutions | Chapter - 10 Social Science Geography
The line from Kanpur to Allahabad was opened in 1859 and the Haora-Khana-Rajmahal section
was completed in 1860. Mughal Sarai also appeared on the railway’ map of India in 1862. In
1860, the Kanpur-Etawah section was opened to traffic and between 1862 and 1866 all the
gaps between Howrah and Delhi were filled. The southern part of the country did not lag behind
and got its first 105 km long railway line from Royapuram to Arcot in 1856. This line was
extended to Kadalundi (near Calicut) on the west coast in 1861.
The Jolar Pettai-Bangalore Cantonment section was opened in l864. In 1870, the all-rail route
between Kolkata and Mumbai started functioning and the main line from Mughal Sarai to Lahore
(now in Pakistan) was completed. In 1871, the Mumbai-Chennai route was also opened.
At present India has the second largest railway network in Asia and the fourth largest in the
world after the USA (2, 27,736 km), Russia (2, 22,293 km), and China (87,157 km).
Importance of Indian Railways are :-
➔ Railways provide the cheapest and most convenient mode of passenger transport
both for long distance and suburban traffic.
➔ Railways have played a significant role in the development and growth of industries.
Like textile industry in Mumbai, jute industry in Kolkata, coal industry in Jharkhand, etc
➔ Agriculture also benefited from railway development as farmers can sell their
agricultural produce to distant places and even sell them in the world market.
➔ Railways are also helpful in removing isolation between cities and countryside and
have played a significant role in disseminating innovations and new ideas.
➔ Railways are particularly suited to long distance journey and provide a strong
medium of national integration.
➔ Introduction of super-fast trains and container services in major cities of India have
ensured quick movement of men and material.
(iii) The roads play an important role in economic development. From transportation of goods
and passengers to connecting far flung marketplaces to doorstep.It is also easy and cheap to
construct and maintain roads. It establishes easy contact between farms, fields, factories.
Roads can be built in high gradients and sharp turns.Roads act as great feeders to railways.
Road transport is more flexible than any other transport. Perishable commodities like
vegetables, fruits and milk are transported more easily and quickly by roads than by railways.
Page : 123 , Block Name : Long Answer Question
Page 5 of 6
The line from Kanpur to Allahabad was opened in 1859 and the Haora-Khana-Rajmahal section
was completed in 1860. Mughal Sarai also appeared on the railway’ map of India in 1862. In
1860, the Kanpur-Etawah section was opened to traffic and between 1862 and 1866 all the
gaps between Howrah and Delhi were filled. The southern part of the country did not lag behind
and got its first 105 km long railway line from Royapuram to Arcot in 1856. This line was
extended to Kadalundi (near Calicut) on the west coast in 1861.
The Jolar Pettai-Bangalore Cantonment section was opened in l864. In 1870, the all-rail route
between Kolkata and Mumbai started functioning and the main line from Mughal Sarai to Lahore
(now in Pakistan) was completed. In 1871, the Mumbai-Chennai route was also opened.
At present India has the second largest railway network in Asia and the fourth largest in the
world after the USA (2, 27,736 km), Russia (2, 22,293 km), and China (87,157 km).
Importance of Indian Railways are :-
➔ Railways provide the cheapest and most convenient mode of passenger transport
both for long distance and suburban traffic.
➔ Railways have played a significant role in the development and growth of industries.
Like textile industry in Mumbai, jute industry in Kolkata, coal industry in Jharkhand, etc
➔ Agriculture also benefited from railway development as farmers can sell their
agricultural produce to distant places and even sell them in the world market.
➔ Railways are also helpful in removing isolation between cities and countryside and
have played a significant role in disseminating innovations and new ideas.
➔ Railways are particularly suited to long distance journey and provide a strong
medium of national integration.
➔ Introduction of super-fast trains and container services in major cities of India have
ensured quick movement of men and material.
(iii) The roads play an important role in economic development. From transportation of goods
and passengers to connecting far flung marketplaces to doorstep.It is also easy and cheap to
construct and maintain roads. It establishes easy contact between farms, fields, factories.
Roads can be built in high gradients and sharp turns.Roads act as great feeders to railways.
Road transport is more flexible than any other transport. Perishable commodities like
vegetables, fruits and milk are transported more easily and quickly by roads than by railways.
Page : 123 , Block Name : Long Answer Question
Page 5 of 6
Page 7
Book : India- People and Economy Ncert Solutions | Chapter - 10 Social Science Geography
Page 6 of 6
Page 6 of 6
Document Details
| Board / Org | NCERT |
| Exam | Class 12 |
| Type | Solution |
| Pages | 7 |
| Updated | 30 Apr 2026 |