NCERT Book Class 12 Political Science (Politics In India Since Independence) Chapter 4 India’s External Relations

Credit: NMML
In this chapter…
Thus far we have focussed in this book on the developments within
the country and on domestic challenges. We now turn to the external
challenges. Here too our leaders faced the challenge with an innovative
response by way of the policy of non-alignment. But they also found
themselves in conflict with neighbours. This led to three wars in 1962,
Nehru with Nkrumah 1965 and 1971. These wars, and the external relations in general, were
from Ghana, Nasser shaped by and had their impact on the politics in the country.
from Egypt, Sukarno
from Indonesia and In this chapter we study the story of this relationship between the
Tito from Yugoslavia external and the internal politics by focussing on
at a meeting of non-
aligned nations, New • the international context that shaped India’s external relations;
York, October 1960. • the operational principles that informed the country’s foreign
These five comprised the
policy;
core leadership of the
Non-Aligned Movement • the history of India’s relations with China and Pakistan; and
(NAM).
• the evolution of India’s nuclear policy.