GATE 2024 Question Paper for Production and Industrial Engineering (PI)

GATE
2024
Question Paper | Answer Key
Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering
(GATE) is a prestigious national-level exam
that assesses candidates for
comprehensive understanding in various
undergraduate-level subjects in
Engineering, Technology, Science,
Architecture, and Humanities.

General Aptitude (GA)
Q.1 – Q.5 Carry ONE mark Each

Q.1 If ‘→’ denotes increasing order of intensity, then the meaning of the words

[sick → infirm → moribund] is analogous to [silly → _______ → daft].

Which one of the given options is appropriate to fill the blank?

(A) frown

(B) fawn

(C) vein

(D) vain

Page 1 of 36

Q.2 The 15 parts of the given figure are to be painted such that no two adjacent parts
with shared boundaries (excluding corners) have the same color. The minimum
number of colors required is

(A) 4

(B) 3

(C) 5

(D) 6

Page 2 of 36

Q.3 How many 4-digit positive integers divisible by 3 can be formed using only the
digits {1, 3, 4, 6, 7}, such that no digit appears more than once in a number?

(A) 24

(B) 48

(C) 72

(D) 12

Q.4 The sum of the following infinite series is

1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2+ + + + + + + +⋯
2 3 4 8 9 16 27

(A) 11/3

(B) 7/2

(C) 13/4

(D) 9/2

Page 3 of 36

Q.5 In an election, the share of valid votes received by the four candidates A, B, C, and
D is represented by the pie chart shown. The total number of votes cast in the
election were 1,15,000, out of which 5,000 were invalid.

Share of valid votes

D
15%
A
C 40%
20%

B
25%

Based on the data provided, the total number of valid votes received by the
candidates B and C is

(A) 45,000

(B) 49,500

(C) 51,750

(D) 54,000

Page 4 of 36

Q.6 – Q.10 Carry TWO marks Each

Q.6 Thousands of years ago, some people began dairy farming. This coincided with a
number of mutations in a particular gene that resulted in these people developing
the ability to digest dairy milk.

Based on the given passage, which of the following can be inferred?

(A) All human beings can digest dairy milk.

(B) No human being can digest dairy milk.

(C) Digestion of dairy milk is essential for human beings.

(D) In human beings, digestion of dairy milk resulted from a mutated gene.

Q.7 The probability of a boy or a girl being born is 1/2. For a family having only
three children, what is the probability of having two girls and one boy?

(A) 3/8

(B) 1/8

(C) 1/4

(D) 1/2

Page 5 of 36

Q.8 Person 1 and Person 2 invest in three mutual funds A, B, and C. The amounts they
invest in each of these mutual funds are given in the table.

Mutual fund A Mutual fund B Mutual fund C

Person 1 ₹10,000 ₹20,000 ₹20,000

Person 2 ₹20,000 ₹15,000 ₹15,000

At the end of one year, the total amount that Person 1 gets is ₹500 more than
Person 2. The annual rate of return for the mutual funds B and C is 15% each. What
is the annual rate of return for the mutual fund A?

(A) 7.5%

(B) 10%

(C) 15%

(D) 20%

Page 6 of 36

Q.9 Three different views of a dice are shown in the figure below.

The piece of paper that can be folded to make this dice is

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

Page 7 of 36

Q.10 Visualize two identical right circular cones such that one is inverted over the other
and they share a common circular base. If a cutting plane passes through the vertices
of the assembled cones, what shape does the outer boundary of the
resulting cross-section make?

(A) A rhombus

(B) A triangle

(C) An ellipse

(D) A hexagon

Page 8 of 36

Q.11 – Q.35 Carry ONE mark Each

Q.11 In the Taylor series expansion of sin 𝑧 around 𝑧 = 0, the coefficient of the term 𝑧 3
is

(A) 0

(B) 1/3

(C) −1/6

(D) −1/3

Page 9 of 36

Q.12 A vector field is given as 𝐅(𝑥, 𝑦) = (100𝑥 + 100𝑦) 𝒊 + (−50𝑥 + 200𝑦) 𝒋, where
𝒊 and 𝒋 are the unit vectors along the x and y axes in the Cartesian frame,
respectively. Then the value of

∮ 𝐅(𝑥, 𝑦). 𝐝𝐥
𝐶

where 𝐝𝐥 = 𝑑𝑥 𝒊 + 𝑑𝑦 𝒋 is an elemental path taken over an anticlockwise circular
contour 𝐶 of radius 𝑟 = 2 is

𝑦 𝐶
𝑟

𝑥

(A) −100𝜋

(B) −800𝜋

(C) −400𝜋

(D) 400𝜋

Page 10 of 36

Q.13 A uniform cantilever beam of length 𝐿 and flexural rigidity 𝐸𝐼 is loaded by a force
𝐹 as shown in the figure. Assuming that the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory is
applicable here, the magnitude of the static deflection at the free end of the beam is

F

2L/3 L/3

(A) 𝐹𝐿3 /(6𝐸𝐼)

(B) 14𝐹𝐿3 /(81𝐸𝐼)

(C) 5𝐹𝐿3 /(27𝐸𝐼)

(D) 7𝐹𝐿3 /(48𝐸𝐼)

Q.14 A thin copper wire carries electric current and is insulated by putting a sleeve, of
thickness 𝑡, over it. In steady state conditions, the rate of heat loss from the insulated
wire per unit length is 𝑄. Which of the following is TRUE?

(A) 𝑄 increases monotonically with 𝑡.

(B) 𝑄 decreases monotonically with 𝑡.

(C) 𝑄 first increases with increase in 𝑡, and then it decreases with further increase in 𝑡.

(D) 𝑄 first decreases with increase in 𝑡, and then it increases with further increase in 𝑡.

Page 11 of 36

Q.15 The solidification time of a cube and a cylinder of the same material, produced
through the same sand casting process, is found to be equal. Each side of the cube
is 𝑎, and the radius and the length of the cylinder are 𝑟 and 4𝑟, respectively. If the
solidification time is governed by Chvorinov’s equation, then the ratio 𝑟/𝑎 is

(A) 1/3

(B) 5/12

(C) 7/12

(D) 5/9

Page 12 of 36

Q.16 Match each of the listed defects in deep drawing cup with the corresponding reason
in the table.

Defect in deep drawing cup Reason

P Orange peel on the surface of 1 No blank holding force
cup

Q Wrinkling at the flange of cup 2 Very small corner radius of the
punch

R Tearing at the bottom corner 3 Large grain size in the blank
of cup material

S Earring at the top edge of the 4 Anisotropy of the blank material
cup

(A) P-3, Q-4, R-2, S-1

(B) P-4, Q-1, R-3, S-2

(C) P-3, Q-1, R-2, S-4

(D) P-2, Q-3, R-1, S-4

Page 13 of 36

Q.17 Which one of the following pure metals has the hexagonal close packed (HCP)
crystal structure at room temperature?

(A) Magnesium

(B) Iron

(C) Aluminium

(D) Copper

Q.18 To create 12 divisions on a disc by using simple indexing and dividing head on a
horizontal milling machine, choose the correct option for the rotation of the crank
pin.

(A) 3 full rotations and 5 holes on a 15-hole circle

(B) 5 full rotations and 4 holes on a 16-hole circle

(C) 3 full rotations and 5 holes on a 18-hole circle

(D) 5 full rotations and 4 holes on a 20-hole circle

Page 14 of 36

Q.19 The following layout of four departments P, Q, R and S is provided as input to
CRAFT (Computerized Relative Allocation of Facilities Technique). Which one of
the following department pairs cannot be considered for exchange in CRAFT?

20 m P Q

20 m R S

20 m 40 m

(A) P and Q

(B) R and S

(C) P and R

(D) Q and R

Q.20 Which of the following concepts is not closely inter-related with
INTERCHANGEABILITY in the context of product design?

(A) Standardization

(B) Simplification

(C) Diversification

(D) Specialization

Page 15 of 36

Q.21 Which one of the following THERBLIGS does not advance the progress of the work
and can be eliminated by applying the principles of motion economy?

(A) Move

(B) Grasp

(C) Search

(D) Preposition

Q.22 If work sampling is carried out using a large number of observations, then the
required sample size is estimated using

(A) Poisson distribution

(B) Uniform distribution

(C) Normal distribution

(D) Exponential distribution

Page 16 of 36

Q.23 Which of the following is NOT an assumption of a linear programming problem?

(A) Proportionality

(B) Additivity

(C) Integrality

(D) Certainty

Q.24 In a single server Markovian queuing system, if the customers arrive following the
Poisson distribution, then the inter-arrival time follows

(A) Poisson distribution

(B) Uniform distribution

(C) Exponential distribution

(D) Binomial distribution

Page 17 of 36

Q.25 Which one of the following methods requires the least amount of data for
forecasting?

(A) Econometric forecasting method

(B) Linear regression method

(C) ARIMA method

(D) Simple exponential smoothing method

Q.26 Which one of the following is not true about Total Productive Maintenance (TPM)?

(A) It allows operators to perform preventive maintenance on the machines.

(B) It allows operators to perform reactive maintenance on the machines.

(C) It is consistent with the Just-in-Time (JIT) system.

(D) It is consistent with the Lean system.

Page 18 of 36

Q.27 In a complex function
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑢(𝑥, 𝑦) + 𝑖 𝑣(𝑥, 𝑦),

𝑖 is the imaginary unit, and 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑢(𝑥, 𝑦) and 𝑣(𝑥, 𝑦) are real.

If 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) is analytic then which of the following equations is/are TRUE?

(A) 𝜕 2𝑢 𝜕 2𝑢
+ =0
𝜕𝑥 2 𝜕𝑦 2

(B) 𝜕 2𝑣 𝜕 2𝑣
+ =0
𝜕𝑥 2 𝜕𝑦 2

(C) 𝜕 2𝑢 𝜕 2𝑣
+ =0
𝜕𝑥 2 𝜕𝑦 2

(D) 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑣
( )( ) + ( )( ) = 0
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦

Q.28 For a mild steel specimen subjected to uniaxial tensile load, which of the following
is/are TRUE?

(A) The engineering stress-strain curve is linear within the elastic limit.

(B) The specimen fails in cup and cone type fracture.

(C) The true stress is always more than the engineering stress at any finite strain.

(D) The specimen does not regain its original dimensions after complete unloading
from an initial stress above the yield stress.

Page 19 of 36

Q.29 Which among the following is/are TRUE for friction stir welding (FSW) process?

(A) It can be used to produce lap, butt and tee joints.

(B) A non-consumable rotating tool with shoulder and pin is used to melt the work-
piece material.

(C) Retreating side of the weld is where the linear velocity vector at a point on that side
of the rotating tool and the welding direction are opposite.

(D) Advancing side of the weld is where the linear velocity vector at a point on that side
of the rotating tool and the welding direction are opposite.

Q.30 Which of the following areas is/are supply chain decision(s)?

(A) Location

(B) Inventory

(C) Distribution

(D) Machine scheduling

Page 20 of 36

Q.31 If 𝑋 is a continuous random variable with the probability density function

𝐾
𝑓(𝑥) = { 4 , 0≤𝑥≤1
0, otherwise

then the value of 𝐾 is ________ . (Answer in integer)

Q.32 If

𝑥 2 − 2𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏
lim ( )=8
x→1 𝑥−1

then (𝑎 − 𝑏) is _________ . (Answer in integer)

Q.33 In the truss shown in the figure, member AC is an inextensible string, other
members are rigid, and ABCD is a square with each side of length 𝑎. The maximum
value of force 𝐹 (in kN) for which the truss will remain in static equilibrium is
_________ . (Rounded off to 2 decimal places)

F

B a C 60
100 kN

a a

A a D

Page 21 of 36

Q.34 An offset slider-crank mechanism is shown in the figure. If the length 𝑙 = 10 cm,
then the stroke length (in cm) of the slider is _________ . (Rounded off to 1 decimal
place)

l l

Q.35 A blank of 100 mm diameter is to be cut out of a 2 mm thick sheet through blanking
operation. If the radial clearance between the punch and die is 6% of the sheet
thickness then the diameter (in mm) of the punch is _________ . (Rounded off to 2
decimal places)

Page 22 of 36

Q.36 – Q.65 Carry TWO marks Each

Q.36 𝑎 𝑏
If 𝐀 = [ ] is a matrix such that 𝐀2 = 𝐈, where 𝐈 is an identity matrix, then
𝑐 −𝑎
which of the following is TRUE?

(A) 1 + 𝑎2 + 𝑏𝑐 = 0

(B) 1 − 𝑎2 + 𝑏𝑐 = 0

(C) 1 − 𝑎2 − 𝑏𝑐 = 0

(D) 1 + 𝑎2 − 𝑏𝑐 = 0

Q.37 In the iron-carbon equilibrium phase diagram, the temperature and composition
of the eutectoid point are 727 ºC and 0.77 weight % carbon, respectively. If a
steel specimen with 1.2 weight % carbon is cooled from 1000 ºC to the room
temperature, then the fraction of pro-eutectoid cementite phase in the steel
is ____ (Rounded off to 2 decimal places)

(A) 0.07

(B) 0.93

© 0.18

(D) 0.12

Page 23 of 36

Q.38 For polymers, match each process with the most suitable application listed.

Process Application

P Extrusion 1 Producing complex parts with close
tolerance

Q Injection molding 2 Producing thermosetting plastic
components

R Blow molding 3 Producing long uniform sections

S Compression molding 4 Producing hollow shapes

(A) P-3, Q-1, R-2, S-4

(B) P-2, Q-3, R-4, S-1

© P-4, Q-2, R-1, S-3

(D) P-3, Q-1, R-4, S-2

Page 24 of 36

Q.39 In a forming operation, the plastic deformation of a steel specimen starts under
plane stress condition, where the principal stresses are 𝜎1 = 200 Mpa and
𝜎2 = 100 Mpa. If the steel specimen follows von-Mises yield criterion, then
the uniaxial tensile yield strength (in Mpa) of this steel material is _____
(Rounded off to 1 decimal place)

(A) 173.2

(B) 200.0

(C) 100.0

(D) 223.6

Page 25 of 36

Q.40 Match the configurations of the listed 3 degrees-of-freedom industrial robots with
the type of joints.

Configuration Type of joints

P Cartesian 1 One prismatic and two rotary

Q Cylindrical 2 Three rotary

R Spherical 3 Two prismatic and one rotary

S Articulated 4 Three prismatic

(A) P-3, Q-1, R-2, S-4

(B) P-4, Q-3, R-1, S-2

(C) P-4, Q-2, R-1, S-3

(D) P-3, Q-1, R-4, S-2

Page 26 of 36

Q.41 A project has six activities and the precedence relationship among them is shown
in the table.

Activity Precedent
activities
A None
B None
C None
D A, B
E B, C
F A, B

The minimum number of dummy activities needed to draw an activity-on-arrow
(AOA) representation of the project network is

(A) 0

(B) 1

(C) 2

(D) 3

Page 27 of 36

Q.42 Consider the following linear programming problem with two decision variables 𝑥1
and 𝑥2 . There are three constraints involving resources R1, R2 and R3 as indicated.

Maximize 𝑍 = 6𝑥1 + 5𝑥2

Subject to

2𝑥1 + 5𝑥2 ≤ 40 R1

2𝑥1 + 𝑥2 ≤ 22 R2

𝑥1 + 𝑥2 ≤ 13 R3

𝑥1 ≥ 0, 𝑥2 ≥ 0

The optimal solution of the problem is: 𝑥1 = 9 and 𝑥2 = 4.

For which one of the following options, the shadow price of the resource(s) will
have non-zero value(s)?

(A) R1, R2 and R3

(B) R1 and R2

(C) R2 and R3

(D) R1 only

Page 28 of 36

Q.43 Choose the item(s) which is/are required to make an eccentric hole on a disc, as
shown, using a lathe.

(A) Single point cutting tool

(B) Four jaw chuck

(C) Drill bit

(D) Three jaw chuck

Q.44 Which of the following statement(s) is/are TRUE for a given acceptance sampling
plan?

(A) Type II error decreases with an increase in type I error.

(B) The probability of rejecting a good quality lot is producer’s risk.

(C) Type II error decreases with a decrease in sample size.

(D) The probability of rejecting a good quality lot is consumer’s risk.

Page 29 of 36

Q.45 Seven cards numbered 1 to 7 are placed in a box. After thoroughly mixing all
the cards, one card is drawn at random.

If it is known that the number on the card drawn is odd, then the probability
that the number on the card drawn is greater than 4 is __________ %.
(Answer in integer)

Q.46 The following differential equation governs the evolution of variable 𝑥(𝑡) with time
𝑡, 𝑡 ≥ 0 .

𝑑2 𝑥
+ 4𝑥 = 𝑒 −𝑡
𝑑𝑡 2
𝑑𝑥
Given the initial conditions 𝑥 = 0 and = 0 at 𝑡 = 0, the value of 𝑥 at 𝑡 = 𝜋/8
𝑑𝑡
is _________ . (Rounded off to 3 decimal places)

Q.47 The values of function 𝑦(𝑥) at discrete values of 𝑥 are given in the table. The value
4
of ∫0 𝑦(𝑥)𝑑𝑥, using Trapezoidal rule is ___________ . (Rounded off to 1 decimal
place)

𝑥 0 1 2 3 4

𝑦(𝑥) 1 3 6 9 12

Page 30 of 36

Q.48 An irrigation pump is used to draw water from a pond. One end of a 5.05 cm
diameter hose pipe is connected to the outlet of the pump at 1.02 m below the
surface level, and just after the pump, the static gauge pressure and flow rate of the
water are 50 kPa and 8 kg/s, respectively. The pumped water is discharged at the
ground level through a nozzle. Assume that the flow through the hose pipe and
nozzle is steady and laminar, and frictional and viscous losses are negligible. The
density of water is 1000 kg/m3 and the acceleration due to gravity is 9.81 m/s2. If
the static pressure at the nose/exit of the nozzle just reduces to atmospheric pressure
then the nose diameter (in cm) of the nozzle is ___________ . (Rounded off to 2
decimal places)

Q.49 In an air-standard Otto cycle, the pressure and temperature of air just before the
compression stroke are 200 kPa and 26.85 ºC, respectively. The combustion process
is assumed to be a constant volume process, where 1.02 MJ/kg heat is added. The
cycle efficiency is 50%. The adiabatic index 𝛾 and specific heat at constant volume
𝑐𝑣 can be considered to be constant during the process (corresponding values taken
at the mean cycle temperature).

Assuming that the ideal gas law is applicable, 𝛾 = 4/3 and 𝑐𝑣 = 0.85 kJ/kg-K, the
maximum pressure (in MPa) reached during the cycle is ______________ .
(Rounded off to 1 decimal place)

Q.50 A metallic cylindrical pressure vessel, used to store compressed air in a plant, has
1 m mean radius and 4 mm wall thickness. The maximum allowable normal and
shear stresses in the cylindrical portion of the vessel are 100 MPa and 40 MPa,
respectively. Considering only these data in the design, the maximum allowable
internal gauge pressure (in MPa) of the compressed air is ___________ . (Rounded
off to 2 decimal places)

Page 31 of 36

Q.51 A flat belt drive with pulley of 𝑟 = 20 cm radius is designed to transmit 6.283 kW
power at 600 RPM. In the figure, 𝜏 is the corresponding torque. If the coefficient of
static friction between the belt and the pulley is 0.3, then the minimum value of the
tightening force 𝐹 (in kN) required to prevent the belt slip is _________ . (Rounded
off to 2 decimal places)

1
𝑟

𝐹
𝜏

2

Q.52 Mild steel plates are welded to make butt joints by arc welding with 85% heat
transfer efficiency ignoring other losses. The first weld joint is made by selecting
arc voltage of 30 V and current of 180 A with a welding speed of 6 mm/s. Using
identical plates, a second weld joint is made with the same arc voltage and a welding
speed of 8 mm/s. If both the welds have the same heat input, then the welding
current (in A) for the second weld joint is _________ . (Answer in integer)

Q.53 In a single pass cold rolling operation, a flat plate is reduced to a thickness of 3 mm.
In this operation, two rolls of diameter 400 mm each are rotating in opposite
direction at 300 RPM, and the elastic deflection of these rolls is negligible. The
angle of bite is 10º. If the neutral point is present at an angle of 7º from the exit side,
then the thickness of the plate (in mm) at the neutral point is _________ . (Rounded
off to 1 decimal place)

Page 32 of 36

Q.54 In a sand mold, a sprue of height ℎ2 = 200 mm is to be provided for maintaining
the molten metal flow rate of 106 mm3/s. The height of liquid column above the
point 2 is kept constant at ℎ𝑐 = 25 mm. The cross-sectional areas of the sprue at
points 2 and 3 are 𝐴2 and 𝐴3 , respectively. The points 1 and 3 are at the atmospheric
pressure. Assuming the gauge pressure at point 2 to be zero as the limiting case to
prevent aspiration effect, the ratio 𝐴3 /𝐴2 is _________ . (Rounded off to 2 decimal
places)

1
ℎ𝑐

2

ℎ2

3

Q.55 The following data are given in relation to turning operation of a cylindrical
workpiece.

Diameter of the workpiece = 160 mm, length of the workpiece = 190 mm, cutting
velocity = 80π m/min, and tool feed = 0.2 mm/rev.

Assuming the approach and the overrun of the tool to be 5 mm each, the machining
time (in minutes) is _________ . (Answer in integer)

Page 33 of 36

Q.56 A CNC milling operation is carried out by moving the tool from the point A to point
B in anti-clockwise direction to cut a slot of quarter circle with center at C, as
shown. The coordinates of the points A and B are (0,0) and (10,10), respectively.
All dimensions are in mm. If the feed rate at point P along x-axis is 6 mm/min, then
the feed rate (in mm/min) at point P along y-axis is _____________ . (Rounded off
to 1 decimal place)

y

C B

P
A x

6 mm

Q.57 The pitch of a metric screw thread is calculated from pitch circle diameter
measurement through two-wire method. If the thread is single-start with calculated
pitch of 1.4 mm then the diameter (in mm) of the best-wire is __________ .
(Rounded off to 2 decimal places)

Q.58 During orthogonal turning, the cutting speed, feed and depth of cut are set as 2 m/s,
0.2 mm/rev and 2 mm, respectively. The specific cutting energy (neglecting the
effect of feed force on the total cutting power) is 2 J/mm3. The main cutting force
(in N) is __________ . (Answer in integer)

Page 34 of 36

Q.59 Electro-chemical machining is performed on a flat copper workpiece. If the material
removal rate is 2 cm3/min throughout the process, then the required current (in A)
is _________ . (Rounded off to 1 decimal place)

Copper properties: Melting point = 1085 ºC, density = 9 g/cm3, gram atomic weight
= 63, and valency of dissolution = 2

Faraday’s constant = 96500 C
Stefan-Boltzmann constant = 5.67 × 10−8 W/m2-K4

Q.60 A repairable machine operated for 2400 hours in a year and for that year the
machine broke down 8 times. The mean time to repair including waiting time
is found to be 20 hours for that year.

If the mean time to repair including waiting time could have been reduced to
10 hours for that year, then the improvement in the availability of that machine
would be ___________ %. (Rounded off to 2 decimal places)

Q.61 In a time study, the average time taken for packaging a product in a warehouse by
a worker with 120% performance rating is observed as 9 minutes. Assuming an
allowance of 10% of the standard time, the standard time (in minutes) for packaging
is _________ . (Answer in integer)

Q.62 An assembly line consists of three work stations (S1, S2 and S3) in series to
assemble a toy. The times required to perform tasks at these stations are 6, 4 and T
minutes, respectively. If the efficiency of the assembly line in the steady state is
75%, then the maximum value of T (in minutes) is ____________. (Answer in
integer)

Page 35 of 36

Q.63 A company purchased two machines, Machine A and Machine B, at the same time.
The purchase price, estimated useful life and the estimated salvage value of the two
machines are given in the table.

Machine A Machine B

Purchase price INR 20,000 INR 15,000

Estimated useful life 10 years 20 years

Estimated salvage value INR 5,000 INR 5,000

Using the straight-line depreciation method for both the machines, the difference
(in INR) between the value of Machine A and the value of Machine B at the end of
five years is ___________ . (Answer in integer)

Q.64 A company orders an item using the classical economic order quantity formula. If
the ordering cost per order is increased by 20% and the demand per unit time is also
increased by 20%, then the time between orders increases (in %) by ________ .
(Answer in integer)

Q.65 Five jobs A, B, C, D and E are available at time 𝑡 = 0 for processing at a machine,
and their processing times are listed.

Job A B C D E

Processing time 9 6 4 5 8
(in days)

If the jobs are processed using the shortest processing time (SPT) rule, the average
flow time (in days) is ________ . (Rounded off to 1 decimal place)

Page 36 of 36

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