NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Political science (Contemporary world politics) Chapter 1 The End of Bipolarity

NCERT
SOLUTIONS
CLASS - 12th

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Book : Contemporary World Politics Ncert Solutions | Chapter - 2 Social Science Political Science

Class : 12th
Subject : Political science
Chapter : 2
Chapter Name : The end of bipolarity

Q1 Which among the following statements that describe the nature of the Soviet economy is
wrong?
(a) Socialism was the dominant ideology
(b) State ownership/control existed over the factors of production
(c) People enjoyed economic freedom
(d) Every aspect of the economy was planned and controlled by the state

Answer. (c) People enjoyed economic freedom

Page : 29 , Block Name : Exercises

Q2 Arrange the following in chronological order
(a) Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan
(b) Fall of the Berlin Wall
(c) Disintegration of the Soviet Union
(d) Russian Revolution

Answer.
(a) Russian Revolution
(b) Soviet invasion of Afghanistan
(c) Fall of the Berlin Wall
(d) Disintegration of the Soviet Union

Page : 29 , Block Name : Exercises

Q3 Which among the following is not an outcome of the disintegration of the USSR?
(a) End of the ideological war between the US and USSR
(b) Birth of CIS
(c) Change in the balance of power in the world order
(d) Crises in the Middle East

Answer. (d) Crises in the Middle East

Page : 29 , Block Name : Exercises

Q4 Match the following:
i. Mikhail Gorbachev a. Successor of USSR
II. Shock therapy b. Military pact

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Book : Contemporary World Politics Ncert Solutions | Chapter - 2 Social Science Political Science

iii. Russia c. Introduced reforms
iv. Boris Yeltsin d. Economic model
v. Warsaw e. President of Russia

Answer.

i. Mikhail Gorbachev (c) Introduced reforms.

ii. Shock therapy (d) Economic model.

iii. Russia (a) Successor of USSR.

iv. Boris Yeltsin (e) President of Russia

v. Warsaw (b) Military pact.

Page : 29 , Block Name : Exercises

Q5 Fill in the Blanks
(a) The soviet political system was based on ------------------------ Ideology.
(b) ------------------- Was the Military Alliance started by USSR.
(c) -------------------- Party dominated the Soviet Union’s political system.
(d) ----------------------- initiated reforms in the USSR in 1985.

(e) The fall of the ------------------------ symbolised the end of the Cold War.

Answer. (a) Socialist
(b) Warsaw Pact
(c) Communist
(d) Gorbachev
(e) Berlin Wall

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Book : Contemporary World Politics Ncert Solutions | Chapter - 2 Social Science Political Science

Q6 Mention any three features that distinguish the Soviet economy from that of a
capitalist country like the US.

Answer. The three features that distinguish Soviet economy from a capitalist economy
were :
(a) The majority of the economic avenues like land, employment etc were dominated by
the state.
(b) In Soviet Economy, privation was not present and the welfare of the people was given
primacy.
(c) The economic goods were present in a sama quantitative value as of USA but the
qualitative aspect was quite modified in USA's economic structure.

Q7 What were the factors that forced Gorbachev to initiate reforms in the USSR?

Answer. The factors that forced Gorbachev to initiate reforms in the USSR are :
(a) The quality of the economic goods in the Soviet economic sectors was not as good as
in the USA.
(b) The governmental structures were hegemonizing the economic and political avenues,
which left little space for the non-governmental structure to work for the development of
the country.
(c) The political and electoral structure was dominated by CPSU (Communist Party of
Soviet Union) , which resulted in undemocratic control.
(d) The employment sector was in shambles as there was no space for private sector.
(e) The 15 republics, faced hegemonization from Russia as a dominating power as it
resulted in the negation of diverse interests.

Q8 What were the major consequences of the disintegration of the soviet union for
countries like India?

Answer. The disintegration had more benefits for India rather than harms , as it was
primarily because of its close proximity with Soviet-Russia because:
(a) India had signed a treaty of friendship with Russia (1971), which maximise the
economic cooperation between the two countries.
(b) India had signed 81 bilateral agreements with Russia.
(c) India had close economic relations with Russia as the Bokaro , Bhilai and
Visakhapatnam steel plants have always been in trade- relations with Russia.
(d) The military imports from Russia, also helped India to develop its structural and hard
power.
(e) As a soft power also, Indian artists have a large social capital in the societal paradigm
of Soviet-Russia.

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Book : Contemporary World Politics Ncert Solutions | Chapter - 2 Social Science Political Science

Q9 What was shock therapy? Was this the best way to make a transition from Communist
to capitalism?

Answer. Shock therapy was actually an economic model, or the model of transition in
East-European countries, Russia and Central Asian Republics to change their economic
structure from communist pattern to a capitalist one.
No, it was not the best way to make a transition because:
(a) It resulted in the economic degradation of the respective countries as 1500 banks and
hundreds of enterprises or corporates were in shambles.
(b) It resulted in the bankruptcy of all the major areas, as Russia is still recovering from
the effects of Shock Therapy since 2001.
(c) It resulted in the under-valued condition of Rouble in comparison to other major
economies.
(d) It corroded the economic, political and social institutions of the major republics as it led
to the formation of authoritarian governments.

Q10 Write an essay for or against the following propositions: “ With the disintegration of
the second world, India should change its foreign policy and focus more on friendship with
the US rather than with the traditional friends like Russia.

Answer. No, the disintegration of the USSR should not essentially effect the relations of
India with Russia as the major avenues of political, military and economy of the country
are deeply dependent upon the structures present in Russia. In economic sense, the steel
plants of 'Bokaro, Bhilai and Vishakapatnam' have an economically dependent inclination
towards Russia. In the sector of hard power, India is the second largest buyer of arms and
ammunitions from Russia. In political sense, the constant support by Russia on the issues
of Kashmir and Pakistan have helped India at the international level. The respective
cultural and social relations should be constant , as the world has witnessed the change
in the political structures. The avenue of ' unipolarity' is considered as an illusion as it will
definitely result in the transition to 'multi polarity', due to the impact of 'Globalisation'.

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