NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Political science (Contemporary world politics) Chapter 2 Contemporary Centres of Power
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Page 1
NCERT
SOLUTIONS
CLASS - 12th
aglase .co
SOLUTIONS
CLASS - 12th
aglase .co
Page 2
Book : Contemporary World Politics Ncert Solutions | Chapter - 4 Social Science Political Science
Class : 12th
Subject : Political science
Chapter : 4
Chapter Name : Alternative centres of power
Q1 Arrange the following in chronological order
(a) China’s accession to WTO
(b) Establishment of the EEC
(c) Establishment of the EU
(d) Birth of ARF
Answer.
(b) Establishment of the EEC.
(c) Establishment of the EU.
(d) Birth of ARF.
(a) China's accession to WTO.
Page : 63 , Block Name : Exercises
Q2 The ‘ASEAN Way’
(a) reflects the lifestyle of ASEAN members
(b) A form of interaction among ASEAN members that is informal and cooperative
(c) The defence policy followed by the ASEAN members
(d) The road that connects all the ASEAN members
Answer. (b) A form of interaction among ASEAN members that is informal and cooperative.
Page : 63 , Block Name : Exercises
Q3 Who among the following adopted an ‘open door’ policy?
(a) China
(b) EU
(c) Japan
(d) USA
Answer. (a) China
Page : 63 , Block Name : Exercises
Q4 Fill in the Blanks
(a) The border conflict between India and China in 1962 was principally over-----------------
and ------------------------ region.
Page 1 of 6
Class : 12th
Subject : Political science
Chapter : 4
Chapter Name : Alternative centres of power
Q1 Arrange the following in chronological order
(a) China’s accession to WTO
(b) Establishment of the EEC
(c) Establishment of the EU
(d) Birth of ARF
Answer.
(b) Establishment of the EEC.
(c) Establishment of the EU.
(d) Birth of ARF.
(a) China's accession to WTO.
Page : 63 , Block Name : Exercises
Q2 The ‘ASEAN Way’
(a) reflects the lifestyle of ASEAN members
(b) A form of interaction among ASEAN members that is informal and cooperative
(c) The defence policy followed by the ASEAN members
(d) The road that connects all the ASEAN members
Answer. (b) A form of interaction among ASEAN members that is informal and cooperative.
Page : 63 , Block Name : Exercises
Q3 Who among the following adopted an ‘open door’ policy?
(a) China
(b) EU
(c) Japan
(d) USA
Answer. (a) China
Page : 63 , Block Name : Exercises
Q4 Fill in the Blanks
(a) The border conflict between India and China in 1962 was principally over-----------------
and ------------------------ region.
Page 1 of 6
Page 3
Book : Contemporary World Politics Ncert Solutions | Chapter - 4 Social Science Political Science
(b) ARF was established in the year ----------------------------.
(c) China entered into bilateral relations with ------------------------ ( a major country) in 1972.
(d) ---------------------------- plan influenced the establishment of the organisation for European
Economic Cooperation in 1948.
(e) -------------------------- is the organisation of the ASEAN that deals with security.
Answer.
(a) Arunachal Pradesh and Aksai Chin
(b) 1994
(c) USA
(d) Marshall Plan
(e) ASEAN Security Community.
Page : 63 , Block Name : Exercises
Page 2 of 6
(b) ARF was established in the year ----------------------------.
(c) China entered into bilateral relations with ------------------------ ( a major country) in 1972.
(d) ---------------------------- plan influenced the establishment of the organisation for European
Economic Cooperation in 1948.
(e) -------------------------- is the organisation of the ASEAN that deals with security.
Answer.
(a) Arunachal Pradesh and Aksai Chin
(b) 1994
(c) USA
(d) Marshall Plan
(e) ASEAN Security Community.
Page : 63 , Block Name : Exercises
Page 2 of 6
Page 4
Book : Contemporary World Politics Ncert Solutions | Chapter - 4 Social Science Political Science
Q5 What are the objectives of establishing regional organisations?
Answer. The objectives of establishing regional organisations are:
(a) To politically develop the countries , so that they can have a considerable impact upon
the decision-making processes at international level.
(b) To work for the economic development of the native or indigenous forces by
establishing consensus and cooperation.
(c) To culturally and socially unite the forces, to increase the level of 'soft power'..
Q6 How does geographical proximity influence the formation of regional organisations?
Answer. The geographical proximity influence the formation of regional organisations in
following ways:
(a) The geographic position affects the parameters of security of all the countries in that
particular region by similar forces, so the creation of organisations is mainly done for
security purposes for e.g. China in the context of Asia , witnesses huge amount of clash
by other south-asian countries like India, Bangladesh etc.
(b) The geographic position gives rise to same socio-cultural problems that result in the
formation of treaties between countries for e.g. the formation of ASEAN etc.
(c) The economical parameters also affect the unification of countries so that they can
tackle the economic problems of the respective countries by coalition of their interests
through a regional organisation for e.g. European Union .
Q7 What are the components of the ASEAN vision ‘2020’?
Answer. The components of ASEAN vision of 2020 are:
(a) To enhance the position of ASEAN countries at global level.
(b) To resolve the conflicts in the geographical areas of the respective countries.
Q8 Name the pillars and the objectives of the ASEAN community.
Answer. The three pillars of ASEAN community (2003) are :
(a) ASEAN Security Community.
(b) ASEAN Economic Community.
(c) ASEAN Socio- Cultural Community.
The objectives of ASEAN community are :
(a) The economic development of the countries by the socio-cultural cooperative
tendencies to increase the 'structural power' on the basis of 'soft power'.
(b) To increase the cooperation between the countries on political, economic and
socio-cultural lines.
Page 3 of 6
Q5 What are the objectives of establishing regional organisations?
Answer. The objectives of establishing regional organisations are:
(a) To politically develop the countries , so that they can have a considerable impact upon
the decision-making processes at international level.
(b) To work for the economic development of the native or indigenous forces by
establishing consensus and cooperation.
(c) To culturally and socially unite the forces, to increase the level of 'soft power'..
Q6 How does geographical proximity influence the formation of regional organisations?
Answer. The geographical proximity influence the formation of regional organisations in
following ways:
(a) The geographic position affects the parameters of security of all the countries in that
particular region by similar forces, so the creation of organisations is mainly done for
security purposes for e.g. China in the context of Asia , witnesses huge amount of clash
by other south-asian countries like India, Bangladesh etc.
(b) The geographic position gives rise to same socio-cultural problems that result in the
formation of treaties between countries for e.g. the formation of ASEAN etc.
(c) The economical parameters also affect the unification of countries so that they can
tackle the economic problems of the respective countries by coalition of their interests
through a regional organisation for e.g. European Union .
Q7 What are the components of the ASEAN vision ‘2020’?
Answer. The components of ASEAN vision of 2020 are:
(a) To enhance the position of ASEAN countries at global level.
(b) To resolve the conflicts in the geographical areas of the respective countries.
Q8 Name the pillars and the objectives of the ASEAN community.
Answer. The three pillars of ASEAN community (2003) are :
(a) ASEAN Security Community.
(b) ASEAN Economic Community.
(c) ASEAN Socio- Cultural Community.
The objectives of ASEAN community are :
(a) The economic development of the countries by the socio-cultural cooperative
tendencies to increase the 'structural power' on the basis of 'soft power'.
(b) To increase the cooperation between the countries on political, economic and
socio-cultural lines.
Page 3 of 6
Page 5
Book : Contemporary World Politics Ncert Solutions | Chapter - 4 Social Science Political Science
(c) To resolve the conflicting parameters of the countries by establishing peace and
working towards a conflict -free zone.
Q9 In what ways does the present Chinese economy differ from its command economy?
Answer. The present Chinese economy differs from its command economy as:
(a) The command economy was based upon the notions of socialism or communism
while as the present economy has a definite inclination towards capitalism.
(b) The command economy was based upon the state-controlled assets (land , property
etc) while as the present economy is based upon the ideas of free-market economy.
(c) The command economy was inclined towards the establishment of privation while as
the present economy is tilted towards the industrialization of the major sectors.
(d) The economic sectors was intrinsically connected with USSR but the present economy
has established bi-lateral relationships with the USA by the introduction of free-market
economy and 'open-door policy'.
(e) The command economy resulted in the redundant economic system but the present
economy is based upon its own ideals of liberalisation( with its own inequalities ).
Q10 How did the European countries resolve their post-second world war problem?
Briefly outline the attempts that led to the formation of the European Union.
Answer. The Second-World war had a tremendous impact upon the economic and
political structures of Europe as the reviving of old structures and the creation of new
institutions had received a huge amount of debate and deliberation. In the respective
revival, many councils and treaties helped in the formation of council of cooperation for
the respective countries majorly, led to the creation of European Union.
The attempts to the formation of European Union were:
(a) The NATO , played a very imperative role for politico-economic development of the
countries.
(b) Marshall's plan as a counter-policy of Molotov's plan, also worked for the revival of
Europe.
(c) The creation of OECC (Organisation for European Economic Cooperation) was
quintessential for the economic revival of the decayed area.
(d) The Council of Europe and European Economic Community were also formed for the
political and economical development of Europe.
(e) The treaty of 7th February, 1992 led to the formation of European union for the
maximum and integrated development of the area.
Q11 What makes the European Union a highly influential regional organisation?
Answer. European Union is a highly influential organisation as :
Page 4 of 6
(c) To resolve the conflicting parameters of the countries by establishing peace and
working towards a conflict -free zone.
Q9 In what ways does the present Chinese economy differ from its command economy?
Answer. The present Chinese economy differs from its command economy as:
(a) The command economy was based upon the notions of socialism or communism
while as the present economy has a definite inclination towards capitalism.
(b) The command economy was based upon the state-controlled assets (land , property
etc) while as the present economy is based upon the ideas of free-market economy.
(c) The command economy was inclined towards the establishment of privation while as
the present economy is tilted towards the industrialization of the major sectors.
(d) The economic sectors was intrinsically connected with USSR but the present economy
has established bi-lateral relationships with the USA by the introduction of free-market
economy and 'open-door policy'.
(e) The command economy resulted in the redundant economic system but the present
economy is based upon its own ideals of liberalisation( with its own inequalities ).
Q10 How did the European countries resolve their post-second world war problem?
Briefly outline the attempts that led to the formation of the European Union.
Answer. The Second-World war had a tremendous impact upon the economic and
political structures of Europe as the reviving of old structures and the creation of new
institutions had received a huge amount of debate and deliberation. In the respective
revival, many councils and treaties helped in the formation of council of cooperation for
the respective countries majorly, led to the creation of European Union.
The attempts to the formation of European Union were:
(a) The NATO , played a very imperative role for politico-economic development of the
countries.
(b) Marshall's plan as a counter-policy of Molotov's plan, also worked for the revival of
Europe.
(c) The creation of OECC (Organisation for European Economic Cooperation) was
quintessential for the economic revival of the decayed area.
(d) The Council of Europe and European Economic Community were also formed for the
political and economical development of Europe.
(e) The treaty of 7th February, 1992 led to the formation of European union for the
maximum and integrated development of the area.
Q11 What makes the European Union a highly influential regional organisation?
Answer. European Union is a highly influential organisation as :
Page 4 of 6
Page 6
Book : Contemporary World Politics Ncert Solutions | Chapter - 4 Social Science Political Science
(a) In terms of 'hard power' , it is only second to the USA as its military budget and
maximisation is quite high.
(b) In terms of political power, they have a huge impact upon the decisions of the United
Nations as Britain and France are its permanent members and have the 'VETO' power.
(c) In terms of economical power, its influence on trade is very high in terms of industries
and agricultural sector. Its GDP was also $12 trillion in 2005, quite high then the USA's
economy.
(d) In terms of currency, the euro is considered as biggest threat to dollar .
(e) It is also second to the USA in the space and communication sector.
(f) It has a considerable impact upon the political and security parameters of Europe.
Page : 64 , Block Name : Exercisess
Q12 The emerging economies of China and India have great potential to challenge the
unipolar world. Do you agree with the statement?
Answer. Yes, the emerging economies of China and India have a huge potential to
challenge the unipolar world . In the status quo, China and India are considered as
economic giants of Asia as they have a considerable impact upon the political and
economic changes in the systems. In this globalised world, the sanctions and changes in
the respective Asian countries have a huge impact on the economy of the USA. The
economic resistance of China with the USA , which is known as ' Trade War' in the
contemporary world has already resulted in the international tensions. The tariffs imposed
by the US upon 'HUAWEI' has resulted in the imposition of retaliatory tariffs by China
upon the USA's goods resulting in economic -slump and trade- war. The resourcefulness
of India and the presence of huge Indian- diaspora in USA has impacted the economic as
well as the political parameters of the country as they are engaged in major trades of
spices, textiles etc.
Q13 The peace and prosperity of countries lay in the establishment and strengthening of
regional economic organisations. Justify the statement.
Answer. The peace and prosperity of the countries lies upon the strengthening of regional
organisations as:
(a) The regional organisations help in the establishment of peace by promoting
cooperation on political and economic lines.
(b) ASEAN has helped in the decreasing of internal conflicts for the establishment of
peace in the respective region.
(c) These organisations also work towards the socio-cultural cooperation among the
countries for e.g. ASEAN.
(d) These organisations desire to establish peaceful relations in the respective countries
by working towards the collective economic development.
Page 5 of 6
(a) In terms of 'hard power' , it is only second to the USA as its military budget and
maximisation is quite high.
(b) In terms of political power, they have a huge impact upon the decisions of the United
Nations as Britain and France are its permanent members and have the 'VETO' power.
(c) In terms of economical power, its influence on trade is very high in terms of industries
and agricultural sector. Its GDP was also $12 trillion in 2005, quite high then the USA's
economy.
(d) In terms of currency, the euro is considered as biggest threat to dollar .
(e) It is also second to the USA in the space and communication sector.
(f) It has a considerable impact upon the political and security parameters of Europe.
Page : 64 , Block Name : Exercisess
Q12 The emerging economies of China and India have great potential to challenge the
unipolar world. Do you agree with the statement?
Answer. Yes, the emerging economies of China and India have a huge potential to
challenge the unipolar world . In the status quo, China and India are considered as
economic giants of Asia as they have a considerable impact upon the political and
economic changes in the systems. In this globalised world, the sanctions and changes in
the respective Asian countries have a huge impact on the economy of the USA. The
economic resistance of China with the USA , which is known as ' Trade War' in the
contemporary world has already resulted in the international tensions. The tariffs imposed
by the US upon 'HUAWEI' has resulted in the imposition of retaliatory tariffs by China
upon the USA's goods resulting in economic -slump and trade- war. The resourcefulness
of India and the presence of huge Indian- diaspora in USA has impacted the economic as
well as the political parameters of the country as they are engaged in major trades of
spices, textiles etc.
Q13 The peace and prosperity of countries lay in the establishment and strengthening of
regional economic organisations. Justify the statement.
Answer. The peace and prosperity of the countries lies upon the strengthening of regional
organisations as:
(a) The regional organisations help in the establishment of peace by promoting
cooperation on political and economic lines.
(b) ASEAN has helped in the decreasing of internal conflicts for the establishment of
peace in the respective region.
(c) These organisations also work towards the socio-cultural cooperation among the
countries for e.g. ASEAN.
(d) These organisations desire to establish peaceful relations in the respective countries
by working towards the collective economic development.
Page 5 of 6
Page 7
Book : Contemporary World Politics Ncert Solutions | Chapter - 4 Social Science Political Science
Q14 Identify the continuous issue between China and India. How could these be resolved
for greater cooperation ? Give your suggestions.
Answer. The major contentious issues between the two countries are:
(a) The border dispute over the creation of McMohan Line.
(b) The conflict over the illegal interceptions by China in Aksai Chin and Arunachal
Pradesh.
(c) The dispute over the occupation over Tibet by China.
(d) The housing of Dalai Lama in the asylum (India).
(e) The growing proximity between Pakistan and China.
These issues can be resolved by:
(a) Establishment of bilateral agreements between the two countries.
(b) Establishment of CBM'S between the two countries on security issues.
(c) Working towards the economic cooperation between the two countries.
(d) Establishing socio-cultural cooperation between these respective countries.
Page 6 of 6
Q14 Identify the continuous issue between China and India. How could these be resolved
for greater cooperation ? Give your suggestions.
Answer. The major contentious issues between the two countries are:
(a) The border dispute over the creation of McMohan Line.
(b) The conflict over the illegal interceptions by China in Aksai Chin and Arunachal
Pradesh.
(c) The dispute over the occupation over Tibet by China.
(d) The housing of Dalai Lama in the asylum (India).
(e) The growing proximity between Pakistan and China.
These issues can be resolved by:
(a) Establishment of bilateral agreements between the two countries.
(b) Establishment of CBM'S between the two countries on security issues.
(c) Working towards the economic cooperation between the two countries.
(d) Establishing socio-cultural cooperation between these respective countries.
Page 6 of 6
Document Details
| Board / Org | NCERT |
| Exam | Class 12 |
| Type | Solution |
| Pages | 7 |
| Updated | 30 Apr 2026 |