NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Political science (Politics in India since Independence) Chapter 3 Politics of Planned Development

NCERT
SOLUTIONS
CLASS - 12th

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Book Name : Political Science-II Ncert Solutions | Chapter-3 Social Science Political Science

Class : 12th

Subject : Political science

Chapter : 3

Chapter Name : Politics of planned development

Q1 Which of these statements about the Bombay Plan is incorrect?

(a) It was a blueprint for India's economic future.
(b) It supported state-ownership of industry.
(c) It was made by some leading industrialists.
(d) It supported strongly the idea of planning.

Answer. (b) It supported state-ownership of industry.

Page : 62 , Block Name : Exercises

Q2 Which of the following ideas did not form part of the early phase of India's development
policy?
(a) Planning
(b) Cooperative Farming
(c) Liberalisation
(d) Self-sufficiency

Answer. (c) Liberalisation

Page : 62 , Block Name : Exercises

Q3 The idea of planning in India was drawn from:
(a) the Bombay plan
(b) Gandhian vision of society
(c) experiences of the Soviet bloc countries
(d) Demand by peasants organisations

i. b and d only
ii. d and c only
iii. a and b only
iv. all of the above

Answer. iv. all of the above

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Book Name : Political Science-II Ncert Solutions | Chapter-3 Social Science Political Science

Page : 62 , Block Name : Exercises

Q4 Match the following.
(a) Charan Singh i. industrialisation
(b) P C Mahalanobis ii. Zoning
(c) Bihar Famine iii. Farmers
(d) Vergese Kurien iv. Milk cooperatives

Answer.

a.Charan Singh iii. Farmers

b. P C Mahalanobis i. Industrialisation

c. Bihar Famine ii. Zoning

d. Vergese Kurien iv. Milk cooperatives

Q5 What were the major differences in the approach towards development at the time of
Independence? Has the debate been resolved ?

Answer. The major differences in the approaches towards the idea of development after
independence were primarily on the lines of socialistic and capitalistic tendencies. The approach
towards the rapid industrialization and technological advancement was subjected with the major
clash with the agricultural development of the country. The socialistic tendencies inclined
towards the welfare and betterment of the poor people often faced a hindrance in the name of
capitalistic tendencies. Gandhi favoured the idea of decentralised development by giving
primacy to the unit of 'village' and 'small cottage industries' while as Nehru was exclusively in
support of rapid industrialization and also the model of development present in the USSR.

Yes, the debate has been resolved as the India has adopted a mixed kind of economy but with
the introduction of New economic policy in 1991,it tilted towards capitalism .It is primarily under
government to decide the planning of development.

Q6 What was the major thrust of the First Five Year Plan? In which ways did the second plan
differs from the first one?

Answer. The First Five Year Plan (1951-1956) , proposed by K.N. Raj exclusively dealt with :

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Book Name : Political Science-II Ncert Solutions | Chapter-3 Social Science Political Science

(a) The expansion and development of the agricultural sector as the proposer of the
respective plan believed in the 'gradual-development' of India rather than a rapid one.
(b) It also aimed at introducing the land reforms in the context of exploitation land laws.
Later on, It was mainly challenged on the lines of decline in the industrial sector by about 5-6%
and led to the failure of First Five Year Plan on the lines of unsustainable growth.

The Second Five Year Plan (1956-1961) , proposed by P.C. Mahalanobis was different from the
former plan as:
(a) It was based on the rapid industrialization and technological advancement rather than
agricultural development.
(b) It wanted the country to develop a labour-intensive market rather than a capital-intensive
one while as the former one didn't work to eradicate unemployment from the structures
of India.

Q7 What was the Green Revolution? Mention two positive and two negative consequences of
the Green Revolution ?

Answer. Green Revolution is an agricultural revolution that came to India after the introduction
of HYV(High yielding variety) seeds , just after the excessive famine and drought conditions in
the northern India . Green Revolution had some great advantages but also affected the sectors
in a colossal way due to its consequential harms.

The two positive consequences of the Green Revolution are :
a. It brought the notion of 'self-sufficiency' to the agricultural and broadly , to the economic
structure of India which further boosted its domestic paradigms.

b. It increased the exports of India to foreign countries , which boosted the trade system and
also increased the value of Indian economic system in the global market.

The two negative consequences of the Green Revolution are :
a.This revolution was limited to the northern india while as it did not suffice to the conditions of
famine in southern india because of the lack of proper distribution system.
b. It resulted in the overproduction of wheat , barley, etc. while as the consumption was very low
and the HYV seeds were only present for some major producing seeds.

Q8 State the main arguments in the debate that ensued between industrialisation and
agricultural development at the time of the Second Five Year Plan ?

Answer. The proponents of agricultural development during the Second Five Year Plan argued

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Book Name : Political Science-II Ncert Solutions | Chapter-3 Social Science Political Science

that :
(a) The industrial development of the country was neglecting the growth of the rural areas of
India as the rapid industrialisation was resulting in the exploitation and alienation of
backward sections of rural India.
(b) It was further argued that the eradication of poverty was not possible through rapid
industrialization.
(c) Chaudhary Charan Singh wanted to keep the village as the centre of development.
(d) Kumarappa and Gandhi were also in favour of rural industrialisation.

The proponents of Industrialization stated that the agricultural development was given primacy
by the state by the introduction of technology based agriculture and various land reforms. They
argued that the decline of the agricultural sector was due to the non-implementation of
agricultural policies and not because of industrial sector.

Q9 "Indian policy makers made a mistake by emphasizing the role of the state in the economy.
India could have developed much better if the private sector was allowed free play from the
beginning". Give arguments for or against this preposition.

Answer. No, as the notion of 'mixed economy' was quite important for the economic
development of the country but the emphasis upon the state was imperative because :
(a) The state played an important role in creating a protective environment for native
industries upon the ideals of protectionist regime.
(b) They also created a balanced system of tariffs on imports .
(c) The state intervention was important to minimise the concentration of resources.
(d) The state intervention is important to direct economic activities towards the welfare of
people.

Q10 "In the early years of independence, two contradictory tendencies were already well
advanced inside the congress party. On the one hand, the national party executive endorsed
socialist principles of state ownership, regulation and control over key sectors of the economy in
order to improve productivity and at the same time curb economic concentration. On the other
hand, national congress government pursued liberal economic policies and incentives to private
investment that was justified in terms of the sole criterion of achieving maximum increase in
production."_FRANCINE FRANKEL
(a) What is the contradiction that the author is talking about? What is the political implication of a
contradiction like this?
(b) If the author was correct why is it that congress was pursuing this policy? Was it related to
the nature of opposition parties?
(c) Was there also a contradiction between the central leadership of the Congress party and its

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Book Name : Political Science-II Ncert Solutions | Chapter-3 Social Science Political Science

state level leaders?

Answer.
a. The contradiction stated by the author has stated is primarily between the capitalistic
proponents and socialistic proponents. This clash often results in the political implication of
factionalism or deliberation , where the harms and benefits are taken into consideration before
adopting a model.

b. The Congress pursued the policy to increase the production along with the parameters of
Indian society. It was related to the ideology of some opposition parties who wanted the
introduction of liberal economic policies.

c. The major contradiction was present between the national executives and central authorities
of Indian National Congress because former ones were in favour of socialism while as the latter
ones favoured the liberal economic policies.

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