NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Political science (Politics in India since Independence) Chapter 6 The Crisis of Democratic Order

NCERT
SOLUTIONS
CLASS - 12th

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Book Name : Political Science-II Ncert Solutions | Chapter-6 Social Science Political Science

Class : 12th

Subject : Political science

Chapter : 6

Chapter Name : The crisis of democratic order

Q1 State whether the following statements regarding the Emergency are correct or incorrect.

(a) It was declared in 1975 by Indira Gandhi.
(b) It led to the suspension of all fundamental rights.
(c) It was proclaimed due to the deteriorating economic conditions.
(d) Many Opposition leaders were arrested during the emergency.
(e) CPI supported the proclamation of the Emergency

(a) Correct
(b) Correct
(c) Incorrect
(d) Correct
(e) Correct

Q2 Find the odd one out in the context of proclamation of Emergency
(a) The call for 'Total Revolution'.
(b) The Railway Strike of 1974
(c) The Naxalite Movement
(d) The Allahabad High Court verdict
(e) The findings of the Shah Commission Report

Answer. (C ) The Naxalite movement

Q3 Match the following

(a) Total Revolution i. Indira Gandhi
(b) Garibi Hatao ii. Jaya Prakash
Narayan
(c) Student's Protest. iii. Bihar Movement
(d) Railway Strike iv. George
Fernandes

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Book Name : Political Science-II Ncert Solutions | Chapter-6 Social Science Political Science

a.Total Revolution iii. Bihar Movement

b. Garibi Hatao i. Indira Gandhi

c. Student's Protest ii. Jaya Prakash Narayan

d. Railway Strike iv. George Fernandes

Q4 What were the reasons which led to the midterm elections in 1980?

Answer. The major reasons which led to the midterm elections in 1980 were :
(a) The structural and functional faults present within the Janata party as the rise of
factionalism led to the decline of party rule both under Morarji Desai and Charan Singh.
(b) Due to the lack of consensus and the nullification of a common programme, Janata party
was not able to survive.
(c) As the ruling government party was not able to survive ,due to the immediate support
taken away by Congress .

These reasons led to the immediate elections in 1980, which Congress won with a sweeping
majority.

Q5 The Shah Commission was appointed in 1977 by the Janata Party Government. Why was it
appointed and what were its findings?

Answer. Shah Commission was appointed by Janata party in 1977, to find out about the
malpractices, excessive abuse and violations of law that happened during Emergency in the
country of India. The respective Commission was chaired by 'Justice J.C. Shah' and the findings
were:
(a) Clearly against the imposition of Emergency and its consequential harms mainly on
lines of being undemocratic.
(b) The lack of accountability and transparency was also stated as the biggest constitutional
failure in context of Indira's rule in India.
(c) It stated that the male practices were performed at a colossal rate , during Emergency.
(d) It demanded the presence of Indira Gandhi, but she never came for answering the
questions.

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Book Name : Political Science-II Ncert Solutions | Chapter-6 Social Science Political Science

Q6 What reasons did the Government give for declaring a National Emergency in 1975?

Answer. The government declared the emergency on these grounds:

(a) The rising conflict between the executive, parliament and judiciary which majorly got fueled
by the 'Kesavananda Bharati case of 1973'

(b) The controversial appointment of 'Justice A.N Ray as the Chief Justice of India'.

(c)The economic decline of the country by the rise of prices and the increasing poverty which
led to the mass uproar against Congress government.

(d) J.P. Movement or Nav Nirman movement in Bihar and Gujrat was also one of the main
reasons that led to an emergency.

(e) The influx of refugees from Bangladesh created an 'Economic crisis' in India which led to the
internal disturbances and declaration of Emergency.

Q7 The 1977 elections for the first time saw the Opposition coming into power at the Centre.
What would you consider as the reasons for this development?

Answer. In 1977, opposition came to power as Janata party won the elections against Congress
and other mainstream political parties. It mainly happened because :

(a) The decline of the policies introduced by Congress on economic and political lines
became redundant and allowed opposition to build the respective manifesto of the party
around the anti-congress sentiment.

(b) The imposition of Emergency allowed the non-congress parties to portray them against
social movements and undemocratic in the basic nature.

Q8 Discuss the effects of Emergency on the following aspects of our polity.

I. Effects on civil liberties for citizens.
II. Impact on the relationship between the Executive and Judiciary
III. Functioning of Mass Media
IV. Working of the Police and Bureaucracy.

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Book Name : Political Science-II Ncert Solutions | Chapter-6 Social Science Political Science

(a) Effects on civil liberties for citizens.
The emergency of 1975 affected the civil liberties of individuals in a way that they were curbed
by the political institutions primarily central authority and the freedom of speech and expression
was abolished by the union government.

(b)Impact on relationship between executive and judiciary.
The relationship between executive and judiciary became very controversial in terms of its
unconstitutional and undemocratic nature as the hegemonization of political executive was
clearly visible in the decisions and appointments of judiciary.

(c) Functioning of Mass Media.
The emergency led to the censorship and total crackdown on print and electronic media. The
freedom of the press was curbed on the basis of assumption that they perpetuated communal
and regional hatred.

(d) Working of the Police and Bureaucracy.
The police and the bureaucratic sector became completely centralised and resulted in a
formation of steel frame system as it was complete opposite of committed bureaucracy and
police.

Q9 In what way did the imposition of Emergency affect the party system in India? Elaborate
your answer with examples.

Answer. It affected the party system as:
(a) The Emergency of 1975 changed the one party dominant system to a two party system
where the Indian National Congress suffered a colossal amount of criticism by the
opposition.
(b) The rise of the Janata party , primarily because of the declining role of congress policies
and its undemocratic nature helped the former party to develop their party structure as
anti congress.
(c) The party system changed as there was a rise of alternatives for individuals because of
the brute impact of the Emergency.

Q10 Read the passage and answer the questions below :
Indian democracy was never so close to a two-party system as it was during the elections.
However, the next few years saw a complete change. Soon after its defeat, the Indian National
Congress split into two groups ………………… The Janata Party also went through major
convulsions……… David Butler, - PARTHA CHATTERJEE

(a) What made the party system in India look like a two-party system in 1977?

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Book Name : Political Science-II Ncert Solutions | Chapter-6 Social Science Political Science

(b) Many more than two parties existed in 1977. Why then are the authors describing this
period as close to a two - party system?
(c) What caused splits in Congress and the Janata Parties?

(a) The emergency and its consequential harms led to the visibility of two-party system in India.
(b) The author is defining this era as close to two-party system as the brute competition was
visible amongst Congress and Janata party.
(c) The split in both parties was majorly because of the rise of factionalism and internal conflicts.

Page : 127, Block Name : Exercises

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