NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Political science (Politics in India since Independence) Chapter 8 Recent developments in Indian politics

NCERT
SOLUTIONS
CLASS - 12th

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Book Name : Political Science-II Ncert Solutions | Chapter-9 Social Science Political Science

Class : 12th

Subject : Political science

Chapter : 9

Chapter Name : Recent developments in Indian politics

Q1 Unscramble a bunch of disarranged press clipping file of Unni -Munni …and arrange the file
chronologically.

(a)Mandal Recommendations and Anti-Reservation.

(b) Formation of Janata Dal.

(c) The demolition of Babri Masjid

(d) Assasination of Indira Gandhi

(e) The formation of NDA government.

(f) Godhra incident and it's fallout

(g) Formation of UPA government.

(a) Assasination of Indira Gandhi.

(b) Formation of Janata Dal.

(c) Mandal Recommendations and Anti-Reservation.

(d) The demolition of Babri Masjid.

(e) The formation of NDA government.

(f) Godhra incident and it's fallout.

(g) Formation of UPA government.

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Q2 Match the following

(a) Politics of consensus 1. Shah Bano case
(b) Caste based parties 2. Rise of OBC’s
(c) Personal law and gender justice 3. Coalition government
(d) Growing strength of regional parties 4. Agreement on economic policies

a. Politics of consensus iv. Agreement on economic policies

b. Caste based parties ii. Rise of OBC's

c. Personal law and gender justice i. Shah Bano Case

d. Growing strength of regional parties iii. Coalition government

Q3 State the main issues in Indian politics in the period after ‘1989’. What different
configurations of political parties these differences led to?

Answer. The main changes or respective challenges that were visible in the political structure of
India after 1989 , were majorly concentrated towards the avenues of politics, economy and
inherent party structures. The main changes were:
(a) The defeat of Indian National Congress in the general elections of 1989, led to the
decline of the one party system in the electoral politics to the 'multi-party system'.
(b) The introduction of Mandal Commission and affirmative action also affected the
relationship between the electoral manifesto and social stratifications.
(c) The rise of Hindutva, and the demolition of Babri Masjid in 1992 , led to the emergence
of other ultra-rightist narrative in the country.
(d) The introduction of new economic policies in 1991, laid emphasis upon the ideals of
liberalisation, privatisation and globalisation.

These all changes or challenges had a tremendous impact upon the party systems as :
(a) they became more inclined towards the establishment of coalitions.
(b) They began connecting the issues of political realm with the questions of 'social and
political sensitivity'.
(c) They also formed their manifesto on an Anti-Congress sentiment.

Page : 194 , Block Name : Exercises

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Book Name : Political Science-II Ncert Solutions | Chapter-9 Social Science Political Science

Q4 “In the new era of coalition politics, political parties are not aligning or realigning on the basis
of ideology.” What arguments would you put forward to support or oppose this statement?

Answer. Yes, in the new era of politics, the coalitions are primarily not based upon the mere
ideologies as :
(a) the diverse parameters favour the vested interests of different participants in the political
association between two or more political parties.
(b) The economic and social aims of the both the parties play an imperative role in the
formation or establishment of coalition as it helps them to form the collective manifesto
upon the rational and needful lines.
(c) The political avenue of the competition and the desire to come into the power is also
another factor taken into consideration.
(d) The autonomy and representation to be given to the state governments is quintessential
for the formation of coalitions between them and Central Government.

Q5 Trace the emergence of the BJP as a significant force in the post-Emergency politics.

Answer. After the elections of 1989, BJP saw its tremendous rise mainly based upon the
political and ideological basis which included:
(a) The demolition of Babri Masjid in 1992, led to the rise of the Hindutva ideology in the
ideological spheres of India,which again gave boost to the successful political manifesto
of BJP .
(b) This manifesto was based on Hindu Rashtra and revoking of Article 370 and 35A from
the state of Jammu and Kashmir.
(c) The successful victory of BJP in general elections was due to the majoritarian support
from the country which after that resulted in Gujarat massacre and other major scams by
the political party.

Q6 In spite of the decline of Congress dominance the Congress party continues to influence
politics in the country. Do you agree? Give reasons.

Answer. Yes, it is agreeable as :

(a) After the defeat and decline of Congress in 1989, led to the emergence of new political
atmosphere which was not isolated or alienated from the electoral politics of other
political parties.

(b) The influence of Congress can be visibly seen due to the non-congress agenda by
opposition parties which was mainly targeted towards the criticism towards the existing

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ideology and 'gandhi rule' by Congress and not upon the new policies and agendas.

Q7 Many people think that a two party system is required for successful democracy. Drawing
from India’s experience of the last twenty years, write an essay on what advantages the present
party system in India has.

Answer. The advantages of multi-party system are:

(a) The multi-party system that is present in the current electoral structure of India, which is
suitable for the diversity of opinions and ideologies.

(b) The multi-party system enhances the participation from different sections of the society as it
maximises the notion of participation among the stratified notions of caste, creed ,gender, etc.

(c) The multi-party system increases the level playing field between different privileged and
underprivileged sections of the society.

(d) It increases the participation of women and Dalits in context of India, which would have been
completely nullified or negated in a one party or two party system.

Q8 Read the passage and answer the questions below :
Party politics in India has confronted numerous challenges.Not only has the Congress system
destroyed itself, but the fragmentation of the Congress has triggered a new emphasis on
self-representation which raises questions about the party system and its capacity to
accommodate diverse interests, .... An important test facing the polity is to evolution a party
system or political parties that can effectively articulate and aggregate a variety of interests._
ZOYA HASAN.
(a) Write a short note on what the author calls challenges of the party system in the light of
what you have read in this chapter.
(b) Given an example from this chapter of the lack of accommodation and aggregation
mentioned in this passage.

(a) The main challenges to party system in the context of India are majorly visible through the
surfacing of self representation groups as there is a decline in the belief concentrated towards
the major political parties because of the rise of bigotry, majoritarianism and fascism.
(b) The lack of accomodation and aggregation within the political parties often lead to the split or
the fall of the Government. The split of Congress in 1969 was majorly because of ideological
clashes and the fall of Vajpayee's Government in mid 1999 was because of withdrawal of

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support by the All India Anna Dravida Munetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) under Jai Lalita.
(c) It is necessary for political parties to accommodate and aggregate a variety of interests in
order to increase the participation of different sections of society and to also incorporate the
diverse needs of the people.

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