NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Psychology Chapter 1 Variations in Psychological Attributes

Book Name : Psychology Ncert Solutions | Chapter-1 Psychology

Class : 12th
Subject : Psychology
Chapter : 1
Chapter Name : Variations in Psychological Attributes

Q1 How do psychologists characterise and define intelligence?

Answer. Intelligence is basically to know how one person is different from another person and
how their behaviour changes to the environment. We also define intelligence as the ability of a
person by checking or analysing their aptitude, reasoning, logical questions, etc.
But in psychology, it's quite a different notion. In Psychology, we perceive a person's intelligence
on the basis of their mental alertness - how they learn something, their memory power - how
they are just in a relationship, how they understand relationships - these all awesome examples
of intelligence on which parameter we analyse.
There are different theories of intelligence and Alfred Binet was one of the four psychologists
who worked on intelligence and defined
intelligence. Every psychologist characterized intelligence in their own way.
Like there is 'uni or one factor theory of intelligence' and the other is 'two factor theory' which
was given by Charles spearman in 1927. He talked about g factor and s factor, where g is
general factor and s is specific factor.
Psychologist, Howard Gardner proposed the theory of multiple intelligence in which he
described a type of intelligence that is linguistic, logical, mathematical, spatial (skills in forming
visual images and patterns),musical, bodily kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalistic.
As well as Robert sternberg in 1985 gave Triarchic theory of intelligence in which componential
intelligence, experimental intelligence, contextual intelligence was there how psychologists
define intelligence and characterize in different ways.

Q2 To what extent is our intelligence the result of heredity (nature) and environment (nurture)?
Discuss.

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