NCERT Book Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 8 Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids

Unit

Objectives Aldehydes
Aldehydes,, Ke tones
8
and Carboxylic
After studying this Unit, you will be
able to
• write the common and IUPAC

A cids
names of aldehydes, ketones and
carboxylic acids;
• write the structures of the
compounds containing functional
groups namely carbonyl and
Carbonyl compounds are of utmost importance to organic
carboxyl groups;
chemistry. They are constituents of fabrics, flavourings, plastics
• describe the important methods and drugs.
of preparation and reactions of
these classes of compounds;
In the previous Unit, you have studied organic
• correlate physical properties and compounds with functional groups containing carbon-
chemical reactions of aldehydes, oxygen single bond. In this Unit, we will study about the
ketones and carboxylic acids, organic compounds containing carbon-oxygen double
with their structures;
bond (>C=O) called carbonyl group, which is one of the
• explain the mechanism of a few most important functional groups in organic chemistry.
selected reactions of aldehydes
and ketones;
In aldehydes, the carbonyl group is bonded to a
carbon and hydrogen while in the ketones, it is bonded
• understand various factors
to two carbon atoms. The carbonyl compounds in which
affecting the acidity of carboxylic
acids and their reactions;
carbon of carbonyl group is bonded to carbon or
hydrogen and oxygen of hydroxyl moiety (-OH) are
• describe the uses of aldehydes,
known as carboxylic acids, while in compounds where
ketones and carboxylic acids.
carbon is attached to carbon or hydrogen and nitrogen
of -NH2 moiety or to halogens are called amides and
acyl halides respectively. Esters and anhydrides are
derivatives of carboxylic acids. The general formulas of
these classes of compounds are given below: