NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Psychology Chapter 4 Psychological Disorders

NCERT
SOLUTIONS
CLASS - 12th

aglase .co

Book Name : Psychology Ncert Solutions | Chapter-4 Psychology

Class : 12th
Subject : Psychology
Chapter : 4
Chapter Name : Psychological Disorders

Q1 Identify the symptoms associated with depression and mania.

Answer. Depression is a mood disorder and covers a variety of negative modes.
Symptoms of depression:
● Sadness
● unhappiness
● irritability
● frustration
● loss of energy
● isolation
● not active
● low concentration
● loss of interest in activities
● disturbance in sleep
● fatigue
● anxiety

Mania is also known as a manic syndrome.
Symptoms of mania:
● Extremely irritable
● unusually high
● unrealistic
● talking so rapidly that others can't keep up
● racing thoughts
● jumping from one idea to other

Q2 Describe the characteristics of children with hyperactivity.

Answer. Hyperactivity disorder/Attention-deficit is a brain disorder in which a person has
ongoing patterns of inattention that disturb his functioning or development.
Characteristics of children with hyperactivity are:

● Control to those children who our suffered from hyperactivity seems unable to control
● Their reactions are so immediate

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Book Name : Psychology Ncert Solutions | Chapter-4 Psychology

● They are so impatient
● Delayed gratification
● In constant motion
● sitting still is impossible

Q3 What are the consequences of alcohol substance addiction?

Answer. Consequences of alcohol substance addiction are:
● It interferes with social behaviour
● Reduced ability to think
● Not able to walk properly
● Experience withdrawal responses when stop drinking
● Destroy social relationships
● Bad effects in career

Issues related to psychological problems:
Excessive drinking can cause-
● Depression
● Anxiety
● Phobia
● Substance-related disorder

Q4 Can a distorted body image lead to eating disorders? Classify the various forms of it.

Answer. Yes, a distorted body image leads to eating disorders. This includes anorexia nervosa,
bulimia nervosa and binge eating.
● In anorexia nervosa, the individual has a distorted body image that leads him to be
overweight.
● In bulimia nervosa, the individual may eat excessive amounts of food then purge his
body of food by using medicines.
● In binge-eating there are frequent episodes of out-of-control eating that tends to eat at a
higher speed the normal and continuous eating still feel uncomfortably full.

Q5 "Physicians make diagnosis looking at a person's physical symptoms". How are psychology
disorders diagnosed?

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Book Name : Psychology Ncert Solutions | Chapter-4 Psychology

Answer. Physicians with diagnosis looking at a person's physical symptoms because when a
person is suffering from any disorder or disease, first he tries to find out what problem is thereby
seeing his physical symptoms.
Psychological disorders are diagnosed on the basis of two classifications, that is, DSM IV and
ICD X.
Here DSM-IV is referred to the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders.
ICD-10 refers to the International classification of diseases and its 10th revision is being used.

Q6 Distinguish between obsessions and compulsions.

Answer.
● Obsessive behaviour is the inability to stop thinking about a particular idea or topic.
● Compulsive behaviour is the need to perform certain behaviours over and over again.

● When a person is very much likely to be obsessed with something and try to be with that
always is obsessive behaviour.
● When a person is dealing with counting, ordering, checking, etc. That will come under
compulsion.

Q7 Can a long-standing pattern of different behaviour be considered abnormal? Elaborate.

Answer. Yes, the long-standing pattern of different behaviour is considered abnormal because
of a long-standing pattern of attention-seeking behaviour is extremely emotional. It comes under
the Histrionic Personality Disorder.
Histrionic personality disorder symptoms are:
● Constantly seeking attention
● Shallow
● Rapidly changing emotion
● Excessive concern with physical appearance
● Easily influenced by others
● Excessive
Emotional,
Dramatic,
Sexually provocative,
to gain attention
● Speak dramatically with strong opinions but few factor details to back them up.
● Things relationships with others are closer than they really are.

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Book Name : Psychology Ncert Solutions | Chapter-4 Psychology

Q8 While speaking in public the patient changes topics frequently, is this a positive or negative
symptom of schizophrenia? Describe the symptoms of schizophrenia.

Answer. Schizophrenia is a group of psychotic disorders in which personal social and
occupational functioning as a result of disturbed thought processes, strange perceptions,
unusual emotional state and motor abnormalities.
While speaking in public the patient changes topics frequently, this is a positive symptom of
schizophrenia.
There are many possible symptoms. They are often classified into positive and negative.
Positive symptoms are those that show abnormal mental functions.
Positive schizophrenia symptoms include:
● Delusions
a person is in love with them,
people are plotting to kill them.
● Hallucinations
This means hearing, seeing, feeling that are not real.
● Disordered thoughts
Thought echo
Knight's move thinking
● Disorders of thought possession
Thought insertion
Thought withdrawal
Thought broadcasting
Thought to block

Negatives symptoms of schizophrenia include:
● Lack of motivation
● change feelings
● The facial expression does not change much
● few spontaneous movements

Q9 What do you understand by the term 'dissociation'? Discuss its various forms.

Answer. Dissociation is experienced from mild attachment from immediate surroundings
detachment from physical or emotional experiences.
According to Janet, dissociation was not a psychological defence. He claimed the dissociation
occurred only in persons who had a constitutional weakness of mental functioning that led to
hysteria when they were stressed.

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Book Name : Psychology Ncert Solutions | Chapter-4 Psychology

Different forms of dissociation are Dissociative Amnesia, Dissociative Identity Disorder, and
Depersonalization/ Derealization Disorder.
● Dissociative amnesia is a selective memory loss that has no known organic cause
● dissociative identity disorder is also called multiple personalities in which the person is
most dramatic of the dissociative disorder.
● Depersonalization/derealization disorder includes a dreamlike state in which a person
has a sense of being separated from the self and from reality.

Q10 What are phobias? If someone had an intense fear of snakes, could this simple phobia be
a result of faulty learning? Analyse how this phobia could have developed?

Answer. Phobia is when we are afraid of something and not able to cope with that.
Like if someone who was afraid to travel in a lift, climbed to the 12th floor of a building or
refused to enter a room if he saw a lizard that means that will come under phobias.
Phobias can be grouped into three main types:
● Specific phobias
● Social phobias
● Agoraphobia

If someone had an intense fear of snakes, this could be categorised into specific phobia
because if a person has an intense fear of a certain type of animal then that will come under this
type of phobia.
This specific phobia seems to be developed by inheritance; specific phobias run in the family.
Some specific phobia causes could be environmental,i.e., parenting and life events.

Q11 Anxiety has been called the "butterflies in the stomach feeling''. At what stage does anxiety
become a disorder? Discuss its types.

Answer. Anxiety is usually defined as a very unpleasant feeling of fear and apprehension.
When an individual shows the symptoms the combination with anxiety on that stage, anxiety
becomes a disorder.
Symptoms like rapid heart rate, shortness of breath, diarrhoea, dizziness, fainting, sweating,
sleeplessness, loss appetite, etc. show with anxiety that will lead to becoming a disorder.

There are many types of anxiety disorders and that include; generalized anxiety disorder, panic
disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, separation anxiety disorder, social anxiety, phobia.

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Book Name : Psychology Ncert Solutions | Chapter-4 Psychology

1. Generalized anxiety disorder is described when you feel constantly worried, stressed
about something and it's disrupting your life, you may have a generalized anxiety
disorder.
2. Panic disorder is deliberately anxiety disorder. It's not about "panicking". It's about when
you experienced save your feelings of doom that cause both mental and physical
symptoms.
3. Obsessive-compulsive disorder till when a person is obsessed to do one thing again and
again and so that because of such behaviour and fear that person might be confusing as
well.
4. Separation anxiety disorder is when people are fearful and anxious about separation
from attachment figures to an extent that is developmentally not appropriate.
5. Social anxiety is when shyness is intense, and the idea of socializing or speaking with
public strangers.
6. Phobia is when we have fear of something, particularly with anxiety.

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