GATE 2024 Information Brochure

GATE 2024, IISc, Bengaluru 1

30

in ₹

GATE 2024, IISc, Bengaluru 2

Contents

Section No. Title Page Nos.

1 List of Abbreviations 4

2 Highlights of GATE 2024 5

3 Important Dates 6

4 Pattern of Examination 7

5 About GATE 8-9

6 Opportunities with GATE Quali cation 10

7 Pre-Examination Activities 11-12

8 List of GATE 2024 Test Papers 13-14

9 Distribution of Marks 15

10 GATE 2024 Online Application 16-22

11 GATE 2024 Examination Related Information 23

12 Details of GATE 2024 Test Papers 24-26

13 Post-Examination Related Information 27-28

Appendix A: Certi cate Issuing Authorities 29

Appendix B: Code of Conduct for GATE 2024 Examination 30

14 Syllabus of GATE 2024 Test Papers 31-126

15 Disclaimer 127

Date of Release: August 26, 2023

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1. List of Abbreviations

B.A. Bachelor of Arts IIT Indian Institute of Technology

B.Arch. Bachelor of Architecture MCQ Multiple Choice Questions

B.Com. Bachelor of Commerce M.E. Master of Engineering

B.D.S. Bachelor of Dental Surgery MoE Ministry of Education

B.E. Bachelor of Engineering M.Sc. Master of Science

B.Sc. Bachelor of Science MSQ Multiple Select Questions

B.Tech. Bachelor of Technology M.Tech. Master of Technology

B.V.Sc. Bachelor of Veterinary Science NAT Numerical Answer Type

CBT Computer Based Test NCB National Coordination Board

CFTI Centrally Funded Technical Institute NIT National Institute of Technology
Other Backward Class
EWS Economically Weaker Section OBC-NCL
Non-Creamy Layer
GATE Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering OI Organising Institute

GOAPS GATE Online Application Processing System Ph.D. Doctor of Philosophy

GoI Government of India PSU Public Sector Undertaking

IB Information Brochure PwD Person with Disability

ID Identity Document SC Scheduled Caste

IISc Indian Institute of Science ST Scheduled Tribe

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2. Highlights of GATE 2024
• Indian Institute of Science (IISc) Bengaluru is the Organising Institute (OI) for GATE 2024. The website of GATE
2024 is https://gate2024.iisc.ac.in.

• Dates of examination: February 3, 4, 10, and 11, 2024. The exam will be held in two sessions on these dates
— forenoon and afternoon.

• GATE 2024 will be conducted as a Computer Based Test (CBT).

• There will be a total of 30 test papers. GATE 2024 test papers will be in English and entirely of the objective
type. The types of questions include Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ), Multiple Select Questions (MSQ), and
Numerical Answer Type (NAT) questions. In MCQs, only one out of four options is correct. In MSQs, one or more
than one out of four options is/are correct; and for NAT questions, the answer must be keyed in using a virtual
keypad. The candidates must use only the on-screen virtual calculator provided for their calculations.

• GATE 2024 will have a new test paper on Data Science and Arti cial Intelligence (DA). Please check out
corresponding new two-test-paper combinations.

• Candidates are allowed to appear for one or two test papers only. The two-paper combinations must be
chosen from the given list of combinations. If new two-paper combinations become available, the candidates
will be given an opportunity to revise their selection and choose test papers with non-con icting schedules.
Candidates appearing for two test papers are required to ll out a single application form only.

• Examination for some test papers may be held in multiple sessions. However, a candidate will be required to
appear for the examination in only one of the sessions of the test paper.

• A candidate who is currently studying in the third or higher years of any undergraduate degree program or
who has already completed any government-approved degree program in Engineering/Technology/
Architecture/Science/Humanities is eligible to appear for GATE 2024.

• There is no age limit to appear for GATE 2024.

• Applications will be accepted ONLINE through the GATE 2024 Application Portal, which can be accessed from
the GATE 2024 website.

• GATE 2024 score card will remain valid for THREE years from the date of the announcement of results.

• Candidates with B.D.S, B.V.Sc. and B.Sc. (Agriculture, Horticulture, Forestry) degrees can also appear for
GATE 2024.

• GATE 2024 will be held at several centres spread across more than 200 cities/towns in India only.

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3. Important Dates

GATE Online Application Processing System (GOAPS) opens August 30, 2023

Closing date of regular online registration/applications September 29, 2023

End of extended period for online registration/application
October 13, 2023
(with late fee)

Last date for change of Category, Paper and Examination City,
adding a new test paper, and change of personal details November 11, 2023
(additional fee applicable per change)

Admit Cards available for download January 3, 2024

February 3, 2024 (Saturday)
GATE 2024 Examination Dates
February 4, 2024 (Sunday)
Forenoon: 9:30 AM to 12:30 PM
February 10, 2024 (Saturday)
Afternoon: 2:30 PM to 5:30 PM
February 11, 2024 (Sunday)

Announcement of results in the
March 16, 2024
GATE Online Application Processing System (GOAPS)

Score Cards available for free download March 23, 2024 to May 31, 2024

Score Cards available for download by paying a fee of
June 1, 2024 to December 31, 2024
Rs. 500 per test paper

The dates mentioned above are liable to change.

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4. Pattern of Examination

Particulars Details

Mode of examination Computer Based Test (CBT)

Duration 3 hours*

Number of papers 30 test papers

General Aptitude (GA) +
Sections
Candidate’s Selected Subject(s)

(a) Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ)
Types of questions (b) Multiple Select Questions (MSQ)
(c) Numerical Answer Type (NAT)

(a) Recall
(b) Comprehension
Test of abilities
(c) Application
(d) Analysis and Synthesis

Number of questions 10 (General Aptitude) + 55 (Subject) = 65 Questions

General Aptitude: 15 marks
Distribution of marks in all papers Engineering Mathematics**: 13 marks
except AR, CY, DA, EY, GG, MA, PH, ST, Subject Questions: 72 marks
XH and XL Total: 100 marks
(**XE includes an Engineering Mathematics section XE-A of 15 marks)

General Aptitude: 15 marks
Distribution of marks in papers AR, CY,
Subject Questions: 85 marks
DA, EY, GG, MA, PH, ST, XH and XL
Total: 100 marks

Marking scheme Questions carry either 1 mark or 2 marks

For a wrong answer to an MCQ, there will be negative marking.
For a 1-mark MCQ, 1/3 will be deducted for a wrong answer.
Likewise, for 2-mark MCQ, 2/3 will be deducted for a wrong answer.
Negative marking
There is no negative marking for wrong answers to MSQ and NAT
questions.

There is no partial marking for any question.

*PwD candidates with benchmark disability more than 40% are eligible for compensatory time of one hour. PwD
candidates with less than 40% disability and having di culty in writing are eligible for compensatory time
subject to production of a certi cate as stated in Appendix-I of the guidelines issued by the Ministry of Social
Justice and Empowerment.

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5. About GATE
Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering (GATE) is a national-level examination conducted jointly by the Indian
Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru, and seven Indian Institutes of Technology (IIT Bombay, IIT Delhi, IIT
Guwahati, IIT Kanpur, IIT Kharagpur, IIT Madras, and IIT Roorkee) on behalf of the National Coordination Board
(NCB)-GATE, Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Education (MoE), Government of India.

GATE is conducted as a computer-based test (CBT) and evaluates the comprehensive understanding of the
candidates in various undergraduate subjects in Engineering, Technology, Science, and Architecture; and both
undergraduate and post-graduate level subjects in Humanities and Science. GATE 2024 will feature 30 test
papers, distributed over four days. The examination dates for GATE 2024 are February 3, 4, 10, and 11, 2024.
GATE 2024 examination will be conducted in several cities across India. GATE 2024 will not be conducted in
centres outside India.

The GATE score re ects the relative performance level of the candidate in a test paper. GATE 2024 score will be
valid for THREE YEARS from the date of announcement of results. Qualifying in GATE is useful for seeking
admission and/or nancial assistance to:
(i) Master’s programs and direct Doctoral programs in Engineering/Technology/Architecture; and
(ii) Doctoral programs in relevant branches of Engineering/Science/Technology/Architecture/Humanities, in
institutions supported by MoE and other government agencies. Even in colleges and institutions that admit
students without MoE scholarship/assistantship, GATE quali cation may be useful. Further, many Public
Sector Undertakings (PSUs) have been using the GATE score in their recruitment process.

5.1 GATE Administration
GATE is administered by Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru, and seven Indian Institutes of Technology
(IIT Bombay, IIT Delhi, IIT Guwahati, IIT Kanpur, IIT Kharagpur, IIT Madras, and IIT Roorkee), which are collectively
referred to as zones. For administrative purposes, the examination cities in India are segregated into these eight
zones. GATE operations in each zone are managed by the Zonal GATE O ce. Each year, one of the eight zonal
institutes is designated as the Organising Institute (OI), which will be responsible for the overall coordination
and conduct of the exam. Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru is the Organising Institute for GATE 2024.
Table 1 gives the details of the zonal structure of GATE with contact details, and the examination cities where
the test centres will be available.

Table 1: Zonal structure of GATE and tentative list of examination cities/towns.

Zonal GATE O ce Tentative List of Examination Cities/Towns
Zone-1 Andhra Pradesh: Ananthapuramu, Kurnool
IISc Bengaluru Karnataka: Bagalkot, Ballari (Bellary), Belagavi (Belgaum), Bengaluru
Bengaluru - 560 012 North, Bengaluru South, Bidar, Chikkamagaluru, Chikkballapur,
Website: https://gate2024.iisc.ac.in
Davanagere, Hassan, Hubballi (Hubli)/ Dharwad, Kalaburagi (Gulbarga),
Email: [email protected] Kolar, Mandya, Mangaluru, Manipal-Udupi, Mysuru (Mysore), Shivamogga
Phone nos.: (Shimoga), Tumakuru
080-22932644 Kerala: Angamaly, Kannur, Kasaragod, Kozhikode, Malappuram,
080-22933333 Palakkad, Pathanamthitta, Payyanur, Thrissur, Vatakara, Wayanad
Telangana: Hyderabad, Medak, Nalgonda
Organising Institute for GATE 2024 Andaman and Nicobar: Port Blair
Gujarat: Ahmedabad, Anand, Bhavnagar, Bhuj, Gandhinagar, Jamnagar,
Zone-2 Mehsana, Rajkot, Surat, Vadodara, Vapi
IIT Bombay Maharashtra: Ahmednagar, Akola, Amravati, Aurangabad, Baramati,
Powai, Mumbai - 400 076 Chandrapur, Dhule, Jalgaon, Kolhapur, Latur, Mumbai, Nagpur, Nanded,
Email: gateo [email protected] Nashik, Navi Mumbai-Thane, Panvel-Raigad, Pune, Ratnagiri, Sangamner-
Phone no.: 022-25767068 Loni-Shirdi, Sangli, Satara, Solapur, Vasai-Palghar, Wardha, Yavatmal
Goa: Goa

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Haryana: Faridabad, Gurugram, Hisar
Zone-3 Jammu and Kashmir: Jammu-Samba, Srinagar
IIT Delhi Ladakh: Leh
Hauz Khas, New Delhi - 110 016 Madhya Pradesh: Indore, Ujjain
Email: [email protected] New Delhi: New Delhi
Phone no.: 011-26591749 Rajasthan: Ajmer, Alwar, Bikaner, Jaipur, Jodhpur, Kota, Sikar, Udaipur
Uttar Pradesh: Greater NOIDA, Mathura
Arunachal Pradesh: Itanagar
Assam: Dibrugarh, Guwahati, Jorhat, Silchar, Tezpur
Bihar: Bhagalpur, Muza arpur, Patna, Purnea
Zone-4
Jharkhand: Bokaro Steel City, Dhanbad
IIT Guwahati
Manipur: Imphal
Guwahati - 781 039
Meghalaya: Shillong
Email: [email protected]
Mizoram: Aizawl
Phone nos.:
Nagaland: Dimapur, Kohima
0361-2582751/2582755
Sikkim: Gangtok
Tripura: Agartala
West Bengal: Asansol, Durgapur, Burdwan, Kalyani, Siliguri
Zone-5
IIT Kanpur
Madhya Pradesh: Bhopal, Gwalior, Jabalpur, Sagar, Satna
Kanpur - 208 016
Uttar Pradesh: Agra, Aligarh, Allahabad, Bareilly, Gorakhpur, Jhansi,
Email: [email protected]
Kanpur, Lucknow, Varanasi
Phone nos.:
0512-2597412/2596962/2596963
Andhra Pradesh: Eluru, Kakinada-Surampalem, Rajamahendravaram
(Rajahmundry), Srikakulam, Tadepalligudem, Vijayawada,
Zone-6
Visakhapatnam, Vizianagaram
IIT Kharagpur
Chhattisgarh: Bhilai, Bilaspur, Raipur
Kharagpur - 721 302
Jharkhand: Hazaribag, Jamshedpur, Ranchi
Email: [email protected]
Odisha: Balasore, Bhubaneswar, Brahmapur, Cuttack, Dhenkanal,
Phone nos.:
Kakatpur (Puri), Rourkela, Sambalpur
03222-282091/282095
West Bengal: Bankura, Berhampur-Murshidabad, Hooghly, Howrah,
Kharagpur-Midnapur, Kolaghat, Kolkata, Suri (Birbhum)
Andhra Pradesh: Chirala, Chittoor, Guntur, Kadapa, Nellore, Ongole,
Tirupati
Kerala: Alappuzha, Aluva-Ernakulam, Attingal, Chengannur, Kanjirapally,
Zone-7 Kollam, Kothamangalam, Kottayam, Muvattupuzha, Thiruvananthapuram
IIT Madras Pondicherry: Puducherry
Chennai - 600 036 Tamilnadu: Chennai South, Chennai West, Coimbatore, Cuddalore,
Email: [email protected] Dindigul, Kanyakumari-Nagercoil, Madurai, Namakkal, Ramanathapuram,
Phone no.: 044-22578200 Salem, Thanjavur, Theni, Thoothukudi, Tiruchirapalli, Tirunelveli, Vellore,
Virudhunagar
Telangana: Adilabad, Karimnagar, Khammam, Kodad, Kothagudem,
Nizamabad, Suryapet, Warangal
Haryana: Ambala, Kurukshetra
Zone-8 Himachal Pradesh: Bilaspur, Hamirpur, Kangra, Mandi, Shimla-Solan
IIT Roorkee Punjab: Amritsar, Bathinda, Jalandhar, Ludhiana, Mohali-Chandigarh,
Roorkee – 247 667 Patiala, Pathankot
Email: [email protected] Uttarakhand: Dehradun, Haldwani, Roorkee
Phone no.: 01332-284531 Uttar Pradesh: Ghaziabad, Meerut, Moradabad, Muza arnagar, NOIDA,
Saharanpur

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6. Opportunities with GATE Quali cation
To avail nancial assistance (scholarship/assistantship) for a postgraduate program, the candidate must rst
secure admission to a program in one of the centrally funded institutes, through a process that may be speci c
to the institute. Depending on the norms adopted by the institute or a department of the institute, candidates
may be admitted directly into a program, based on their performance in GATE only; or based on their
performance in GATE and an admission test and/or interview conducted by the department to which they have
applied and/or the candidate’s academic record. The MoE guidelines prescribe a minimum of 70% weightage to
the performance in GATE and the remaining for the candidate’s performance in the test/interview and/or
academic record. However, the admitting institutes could also prescribe a minimum passing mark in the test/
interview.

Candidates are advised to seek complete details of the admission procedures and the availability of MoE
scholarship/assistantship from the corresponding admitting institutes. The criteria for postgraduate admission
with scholarship/assistantship varies from one institute to the other. The management of the postgraduate
scholarship/assistantship is also the responsibility of the admitting institute. Reservation of seats for di erent
categories will be as per the policies and norms of the admitting institute and Government of India rules. The
admitting institute may also specify the number of candidates who will be provided nancial assistance
(scholarship), if admission is secured. Quali cation in GATE is also a minimum requirement to apply for various
fellowships awarded by many government organisations.

Di erent types of scholarships and sponsorship opportunities also exist for foreign nationals. Details may be
obtained from nearby Indian Mission or from the website of Indian Council for Cultural Relations.

Several Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs) have been using GATE score to shortlist candidates for recruitment.
During the past few years, the PSUs that have used GATE scores in their recruitment process are: Bharat Heavy
Electricals Limited (BHEL), Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL), Coal India Limited (CIL), Centre for Railway
Information Systems (CRIS), Chenab Valley Power Projects Limited (CVPPL), Damodar Valley Corporation (DVC),
Electronics Corporation of India Limited (ECIL), Engineers India Limited (EIL), Gas Authority of India Limited
(GAIL), Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL), Mazagaon Dock Shipbuilders Limited (MDSL), National Aluminium
Company Limited (NALCO), National Highways Authority of India (NHAI), NLC India Limited (NLCIL), National
Mineral Development Corporation (NMDC), Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited (NPCIL), National
Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC), Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC), Power Grid Corporation of India
(PGCIL), Power System Operation Corporation Limited (POSOCO), Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited (RINL).

Direct recruitment to Group-A level posts in the central government such as Senior Field O cer (Tele), Senior
Research O cer (Crypto) and Senior Research O cer (S&T) in Cabinet Secretariat, Government of India, is now
being done based on GATE score. The details of the scheme of recruitment are usually published in national
newspapers/Employment News/Rozgar Samachar by the concerned authority.

Other organisations may also utilise GATE 2024 score in their recruitment process.

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7. Pre-Examination Activities

• Candidates must register and ll the application via ONLINE mode ONLY at the GATE 2024 website. Uploading
certi cates/documents must also be done in the ONLINE mode only. Candidates should NOT send printed
copies of their application forms or documents to IISc or any of the zonal GATE o ces.
• The application fees must be paid electronically (credit card, debit card, NEFT, UPI, etc.). If a candidate wishes
to appear for TWO test papers, the fees to be paid by the candidate will be TWICE of that mentioned for a
single paper.
• Admit Cards for GATE 2024 would be available for download on the GATE 2024 website. Printed copies of the
Admit Cards will not be posted to the candidates.
• The candidate must appear at the GATE Examination Centre on the date and time speci ed in the Admit Card.
• Requests for change in the Centre or Location or Date/Time speci ed in the Admit Card will not be
entertained.
• In all matters concerning GATE 2024, the decision of the GATE 2024 Organising Institute will be nal and
binding on all the applicants.
• For candidates appearing for the Geology and Geophysics (GG) and Humanities and Social Sciences (XH)
papers, separate score and ranking will be provided based on their selection of sections.
• Section-wise score and ranking will not be provided for the other test papers.

7.1 Eligibility for GATE 2024
Before ling the application, candidates must ensure that they meet the educational eligibility criteria of GATE
2024. A candidate who is currently studying in the third or higher years of any undergraduate degree program
or who has already completed any government approved degree program in Engineering/Technology/
Architecture/Science/Commerce/Arts/Humanities is eligible to appear for GATE 2024.

The following Professional Societies or Institutions conduct examinations in various elds of engineering:
• The Institution of Engineers (India) (IE)
• The Institution of Civil Engineers (ICE)
• The Institution of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineers (IETE)
• The Aeronautical Society of India (AeSI)
• The Indian Institute of Chemical Engineers, including Polymer and Environmental Group (IIChE)
• The Indian Institute of Metals (IIM)
• The Indian Institute of Industrial Engineers (IIIE)
Candidates who possess certi cation from any of the professional societies must ensure that those
examinations are approved by MoE/AICTE/UGC/UPSC as equivalent to B.E./B.Tech./B.Arch./B.Planning.

Candidates who are pursuing their qualifying degree or obtained the degree from countries other than India
must be currently in the third or higher years or must have completed their Bachelor’s degree (of duration at
least 3 years) in Engineering/Technology/Science/Architecture/Humanities. Details of eligibility criteria are
given in Table 2. If a candidate is pursuing any higher degree or has already obtained a degree higher than that
mentioned in the Table 2, the candidate will be allowed to appear for GATE 2024.

Candidates with B.Sc./B.A./B.Com. degrees desirous of seeking admission to Master’s programs in IISc, IITs,
NITs, and other CFTIs, may refer to JAM-2024 Examination organised by Indian Institute of Technology Madras.

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Table 2: Eligibility Criteria for GATE 2024.

Description of Eligible
Degree/Program Qualifying Degree/Examination
Candidates
Bachelor’s degree in Engineering / Technology
Currently in the 3rd year or
B.E./B.Tech./B.Pharm. (4 years after 10+2 or 3 years after B.Sc./
higher or already completed
Diploma in Engineering/Technology)

Bachelor’s degree of Architecture (5- year course)
Currently in the 3rd year or
B. Arch. /Naval Architecture (4- year course)/
higher or already completed
Planning (4- year course)

Bachelor’s degree in Science (Post-Diploma/ Currently in the 3rd year or
B.Sc. (Research)/B.S.
4 years after 10+2) higher or already completed
Currently in the 3rd/4th/5th/
6 years degree program, consisting of internship
Pharm. D. (after 10+2) 6th year or already
or residency training, during third year onwards
completed
Degree holders of M.B.B.S./B.D.S./B.V.Sc. and 5th/6th/7th or higher
M.B.B.S./B.D.S./B.V.Sc. those who are in the 5th/6th/7th semester or semester or already
higher semester of such program. completed

Master’s degree in any branch of Arts/Science/ Currently in the rst year or
M. Sc./M.A./M.C.A. or
Mathematics/Statistics/Computer Applications or higher or already
equivalent
equivalent Completed
Currently in the 1st/2nd/3rd/
Post-B.Sc Integrated Master’s degree programs
Int. M.E./M.Tech. (Post-B.Sc.) 4th year or already
in Engineering/Technology (4-year program)
completed
Int. M.E./ M.Tech./M.Pharm. Integrated Master’s degree program or Dual Currently in the 3rd /4th/
or Dual Degree (after Degree program in Engineering/Technology 5thyear or already
Diploma or 10+2) (5-year program) completed

Bachelor’s degree in any branch of Science / Currently in the 3rd year or
B.Sc./B.A./B.Com.
Arts / Commerce (3-year program) already completed

Currently in the 3rd year or
Integrated M.Sc. or 5-year integrated B.S.-M.S.
Int. M.Sc./Int. B.S./M.S. higher or already
program
completed

B.E./B.Tech./B.Arch. equivalent examinations of
Professional Society Professional Societies, recognised by MoE/UPSC/ Completed Section A or
Examinations (equivalent to AICTE (e.g. AMIE by Institution of Engineers-India, equivalent of such
B.E./B.Tech./B.Arch.) AMICE by the Institute of Civil Engineers-India and professional courses
so on)

B.Sc. (Agriculture, Currently in the 3rd/4th year
4-year program
Horticulture, Forestry) or already completed

*Enrolments with professional bodies and institutions as per MHRD OM (No. 11-15/2011-AR (TS.II)) with
permanent recognition up to 31st May 2013, stand recognised. Kindly see circular F. No. 13-56/PC/ODL-Mode/
AICTE/2020, Dated 23rd November 2020 and Public Notice issued by AICTE for clari cation.

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8. List of GATE 2024 Test Papers
Table 3 shows the list of test papers and codes for GATE 2024. A candidate is allowed to appear in ONE or TWO
test papers. However, the combination of two papers must be chosen from the list given in Table 4. For a paper
conducted in multiple sessions, a candidate will be required to appear for the examination in one of the sessions
only.

Table 3: List of GATE 2024 test papers and their corresponding codes.

Test Paper Code Test Paper Code
Aerospace Engineering AE Geology and Geophysics GG###
Agricultural Engineering AG Instrumentation Engineering IN
Architecture and Planning AR# Mathematics MA
Biomedical Engineering BM Mechanical Engineering ME
Biotechnology BT Mining Engineering MN
Civil Engineering CE Metallurgical Engineering MT
Chemical Engineering CH Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering NM
Computer Science and Information Technology CS Petroleum Engineering PE
Chemistry CY Physics PH
Data Science and Arti cial Intelligence DA Production and Industrial Engineering PI
Electronics and Communication Engineering EC Statistics ST
Electrical Engineering EE Textile Engineering and Fibre Science TF
Environmental Science & Engineering ES Engineering Sciences XE*
Ecology and Evolution EY Humanities & Social Sciences XH**
Geomatics Engineering GE## Life Sciences XL***
*XE Paper Sections Code **XH Paper Sections Code ***XL Paper Sections Code

Engineering Mathematics Reasoning and Comprehension Chemistry
A B1 P
(Compulsory) (15 marks) (Compulsory) (25 marks) (Compulsory) (25 marks)

Any TWO optional Any ONE optional Any TWO optional
sections (2x35 = 70 marks) section (60 marks) sections (2x30 = 60 marks)
Fluid Mechanics B Economics C1 Biochemistry Q
Materials Science C English C2 Botany R
Solid Mechanics D Linguistics C3 Microbiology S
Thermodynamics E Philosophy C4 Zoology T
Polymer Science and
F Psychology C5 Food Technology U
Engineering
Food Technology G Sociology C6
Atmospheric and
H
Oceanic Sciences
#AR Paper Sections ##GE Paper Sections ###GG Paper Sections

Part-A (Compulsory) Part-A (Compulsory) Part-A (Compulsory)

Part-B1 (Architecture) Part-B1 (Surveying and Mapping) Part-B1 (Geology)

Part-B2 (Planning) Part-B2 (Image Processing and Analysis) Part-B2 (Geophysics)

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The syllabus for the test papers is given on Pages 31-126 of this Information Brochure. Choosing the
appropriate test paper while ling the GATE application is the responsibility of the candidate. Candidates are
expected to appear in papers appropriate to the discipline of their qualifying degree. However, candidates are
also free to choose any one or the allowed set of two papers of GATE 2024 as per their admission or
employment plan, while keeping in mind the eligibility criteria laid out by the institutions in which they would
like to seek admission or employment.

If a candidate les multiple applications for a test paper, only one of them will be considered, and the others will
be rejected without any refund of application fee.

8.1 GATE 2024 Two-test Paper Combinations
Candidates opting to appear in TWO test papers must have a primary choice of paper and a secondary choice of
paper, which can be chosen from the allowed combinations given in Table 4. Certain combinations listed in the
table may be removed at a later date if there are scheduling constraints, in which case, the fee paid towards the
second paper will be refunded to the candidates. If at a later date, new two-paper combinations are announced,
candidates will be given an opportunity to add a test paper subject to payment of the requisite fee. In view of
infrastructure and scheduling constraints, the examination centre for candidate to appear for the second paper
may be di erent (but in the same city) than that for the rst paper. No responsibility is assumed for any legal
obligations arising out of this issue.

Table 4: Allowed two-paper combinations in GATE 2024.

Code of the Codes of Papers Allowed as Code of the Codes of Papers Allowed as the
Primary Paper the Secondary Paper Primary Paper Secondary Paper
AE CE, ME, XE GE AR, CE, CS, ES, GG
AG CE GG GE
AR CE, GE IN BM, EC, EE, ME
BM BT, IN MA CS, DA, PH, ST
BT BM, XL ME AE, DA, IN, NM, PI, XE
CE AE, AG, AR, ES, GE, NM, XE MT XE
CH ES, PE, XE NM CE, ME
CS DA, EC, GE, MA, PH, ST PE CH
CY XE, XL PH CS, DA, EC, EE, MA, XE
DA CS, EC, EE, MA, ME, PH, ST, XE PI ME, XE
EC CS, DA, EE, IN, PH ST CS, DA, MA, XH
EE DA, EC, IN, PH XE AE, CE, CH, CY, DA, ME, MT, PH, PI
ES CE, CH, GE XH ST
EY XL XL BT, CY, EY

GATE 2024, IISc, Bengaluru 14
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9. Distribution of Marks
Total Marks: 100; Total Time: 3 hours*

Each test paper is for a total of 100 marks. All test papers have a General Aptitude (GA) section for 15 marks.
The remaining 85 marks cater to the subject chosen by the candidate. Table 5 shows the distribution of marks in
various test papers of GATE 2024.

Table 5: Distribution of marks in various test papers of GATE 2024.

Subject: Subject:
General Aptitude Total
Paper Code Compulsory Optional
(GA) Marks Marks
Section Section(s)

AE, AG, BM, BT, CE, CH, CS, EC, EE, ES, IN,
ME, MN, MT, NM, PE, PI, TF; Subject marks in
these papers include questions on 15 85 — 100
Engineering Mathematics (13 marks), which
are paper-speci c.

CY, DA, EY, MA, PH, ST 15 85 — 100

AR: Part A is Common and Compulsory. Part
B1/B2 can be selected during the exam.
15 60 25 100
B1 - Architecture
B2 - Planning

GE: Part A is Common and Compulsory. Part
B1/B2 can be selected during the exam.
15 55 30 100
B1 - Surveying and Mapping
B2 - Image Processing and Analysis

GG: Part A is Common and Compulsory. Part
B1/B2 must be chosen at the time of
application. 15 25 60 100
B1 - Geology
B2 - Geophysics

XE: Section A (Engineering Mathematics) is
Common and Compulsory. Applicants must
15 15 2 x 35 100
select any TWO of the other sections during
the exam.

XH: Section B1 (Reasoning and
Comprehension) is Common and
Compulsory. Applicants must select any 15 25 60 100
ONE of the other sections at the time of
application.

XL: Section P (Chemistry) is Common and
Compulsory. Applicants must select any 15 25 2 x 30 100
TWO of the other sections during the exam.

*PwD candidates with benchmark disability more than 40% are eligible for compensatory time of one hour. PwD
candidates with less than 40% disability and having di culty in writing are eligible for compensatory time
subject to production of a certi cate as stated in Appendix-I of the guidelines issued by the Ministry of Social
Justice and Empowerment (F. No. 29-6/2019-DD-III, dated 10th August, 2022).
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10. GATE 2024 Online Application
Table 1 gives a tentative list of the exam cities (zone-wise) in which GATE 2024 examination is scheduled to be
held. A candidate can choose three cities from the list given in Table 1, with the three choices chosen from the
same GATE 2024 zone. If a candidate chooses a particular city (in a particular zone) as the rst choice, then the
second and third choices of the city will also be restricted to the same zone as the rst. Because of operational
constraints, the GATE Organising Institute reserves the right to add a new city or remove an existing one and
allot a city that may not be from any of the choices selected by the candidate.

10.1 Application Process
Application for GATE 2024 must be submitted online through GATE Online Application Processing System
(GOAPS), accessible from the GATE 2024 website, by paying the prescribed application fee. The photograph,
signature, photo ID, and certi cates such as SC/ST/PwD/Dyslexia, wherever applicable, must be uploaded
during the online application. The accepted photo identi cation cards are: Aadhaar-UID, Aadhaar Virtual ID,
Government issued ID, Passport, PAN card, Voter ID card, and Driving License. Candidates must produce the
same original valid photo identi cation card during the examination for veri cation purposes, failing which the
candidate may not be allowed to appear for the examination.

10.2 GATE 2024 Application Fee
Details of the application fee per candidate per paper are given in Table 6. Payments must be made online by
using net banking/debit card/credit card/wallet/UPI. Candidates are advised to ensure that E-COM transaction
facility is enabled for their credit/debit cards before proceeding with fee payment. The application fee is not
transferable. It is not refundable except when a certain two-paper combination is removed by GATE 2024
Organising Institute. There are no international centres in GATE 2024. Foreign nationals or Indian nationals
desirous of appearing for the exam will have to travel to India to appear for the test.

Table 6: Details of application fee per test paper.

Regular Period Extended Period
Category (August 30 to (September 30 to
September 29, 2023) October 13, 2023)
Female/SC/ST/PwD* candidates ₹ 900 ₹ 1400
All other candidates including
₹ 1800 ₹ 2300
foreign nationals

*PwD stands for Persons with Benchmark Disability. Only those candidates with benchmark disability (greater
than 40%) are eligible for fee concession. For benchmark disabilities, please consult https://
disabilitya airs.gov.in/upload/upload les/ les/Guidelines-29_08_2018.pdf and https://disabilitya airs.gov.in/
upload/upload les/ les/Corrigendum-08-02-19.pdf

The application fee does not include service charges, processing fees, and any other charges that the banks
may levy. For two papers, the fee payable will be twice that of a single paper.

10.3 GATE 2024 Website
Tentatively, by the last week of August 2023, GATE 2024 website (https://gate2024.iisc.ac.in) will contain the link
to the GATE Online Application Processing System (GOAPS), which enables a candidate to
• Apply for the examination.
• Upload photograph, signature, photo ID, and category certi cate (SC/ST/PwD) and/or Dyslexic certi cate, as
applicable.
• Pay the application fee through the listed electronic payment modes.
• Check the status of the application form: Received, Under scrutiny, Accepted, Defect status, Status after
recti cation, rejected with valid reasons, etc.
• Download Admit Card.
• View answers, marks, and GATE score.
• Download GATE Score Cards.
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10.4 Registration
A candidate must rst register by providing full name, valid e-mail address, mobile number and by choosing a
password. All communication will be sent to this e-mail address and mobile number. Only one registration per
email address is allowed. No change in email or mobile number will be entertained at a later stage.

10.5 Enrolment ID
Each registration will be provided with a unique Enrolment ID, which will be communicated to the candidate by
e-mail. The Enrolment ID will be needed for reference in future communication pertaining to the examination.

10.6 Password
The candidate must choose a password during enrolment and will be needed to log in to the account. It is
recommended to choose a password that cannot be guessed easily. The password must be kept con dential.

After registration, GATE 2024 application must be lled and submitted online only. Candidates are discouraged
from ling applications through a third party. If the application is lled by a third party, it is the responsibility of
the candidate to ensure that the data submitted is correct.

The following data will be required while lling the online application form:
• Personal details (name of the candidate, date of birth, mobile number, name and mobile number of parent or
guardian, etc.). The name of the candidate in the application form must be exactly the same as that in the valid
photo ID, which the candidate must produce in original while appearing for GATE 2024 examination at the
centre. Candidates are advised to ensure that the date of birth provided in the application form matches
exactly with that mentioned in the photo ID.
• GATE 2024 scorecard will be issued as per the name entered in the application form. Pre xes/titles such as
Mr./Shri/Dr./Mrs./Smt./Prof./Capt./Maj./Lt./Col. etc. must not be used.
• Address for communication including PIN code
• Eligibility degree details
• College name and address with PIN code
• Choice of GATE paper(s)
• Choice of GATE examination cities
• Good quality image of the candidate’s photograph conforming to the speci cations
• Good quality image of the candidate’s signature conforming to the speci cations
• Scanned copy of valid photo Identity Document (ID)
• PDF copy of Category (SC/ST) certi cate (if applicable)
• PDF copy of PwD Certi cate (if applicable)
• PDF copy of Dyslexic Certi cate (if applicable)
• Net-banking/debit card/credit card/UPI/wallet details for fee payment

GATE 2024 Application Processing System (GOAPS) allows the candidate to enter the data, save partially lled
form, logout and resume lling the form by logging in again. The online application process is self-explanatory
and user-friendly.

Before proceeding to payment, the candidate is advised to check the lled-in application form for any errors.
Once the candidate clicks “Submit and Proceed to Payment” button, no changes can be made to the application.
Before submitting the online application form, the candidate will be asked to read and accept a declaration that
the details furnished are correct and that falsi cation of data will attract appropriate consequences.

10.7 Identity Proof/Photo ID
Candidates must specify one of the following valid photo Identity Documents (IDs) during the online application
process and enter the document number: Aadhaar-UID, Aadhaar Virtual ID, Government issued ID, Passport,
PAN Card, Voter ID or Driving License. On the day of the examination, the candidate must bring the original ID
proof together with the GATE 2024 Admit Card. The photo ID must clearly show the name, photo, ID number, and
date of birth.

For international candidates appearing at centres in India, ONLY a valid Passport/Government issued ID/Driving
License will be accepted as the recognised identi cation document.
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10.8 PwD Candidates and Scribe Related Guidelines
GATE 2024 will follow the government regulations with regard to PwD candidates: https://
disabilitya airs.gov.in/upload/upload les/ les/Guidelines-29_08_2018.pdf and https://disabilitya airs.gov.in/
upload/upload les/ les/Corrigendum-08-02-19.pdf

A Person with benchmark Disability (PwD) or a dyslexic candidate has the option of availing scribe assistance
during the GATE 2024 examination. The candidate must exercise this option at the time of ling the application.
PwD and Dyslexic candidates can either arrange their own scribe or request the GATE Organising Institute to
arrange for a panel of scribes. The assistance that the scribe can render to the candidate is limited to reading
the instructions and test paper displayed on the computer screen verbatim and in mouse-clicks, if the candidate
is not able to do so. The scribe shall not translate/interpret/emphasise the Test Paper contents to the
candidate.

10.9 Scribes arranged by Candidates
The scribe MUST NOT be a candidate for a test paper in GATE 2024. According to the Government of India (GoI)
guidelines, in cases where the candidates have opted to bring their scribe, the quali cation of the scribe should
be one step below the quali cation of the candidates taking the examination. If PwD/Dyslexic candidate have
opted for their own scribe, but they do not bring their own scribe, then it will not be possible to arrange a new
scribe. Honorarium will not be paid to the scribe arranged by the PwD/Dyslexic candidate.

10.10 Scribes arranged by the GATE Organising Institute
GATE scribes will be used for those PwD/Dyslexic candidates who have a priori opted for GATE scribes. The
quali cation of the scribe arranged by GATE will NOT be more than the minimum eligibility criteria of GATE.
However, the quali cation of the scribe must be matriculation (10th) or above. If there are Y candidates who
require scribe, a panel of (Y+1) scribes will be made available at the exam centre so that every candidate can
have an alternative scribe to choose for the services. A PwD/Dyslexic (or similar learning disability) will be
presented with TWO scribes from this panel. The candidate must choose one from these two scribes.
Candidates will NOT be permitted to bring their own scribe if they have already opted for scribes to be arranged
by GATE.

10.11 Assistive Devices
PwD candidates are permitted to use assistive devices such as Abacus, Braille slate, Wheelchair, etc. They may
arrange for the devices on their own and bring them to the examination. GATE Organising Institute cannot
provide any assistive devices. Candidates will be given an option to view the content on the computer screen in a
magni ed font (approximately 1.25x or 1.5x). PwD candidates are encouraged to visit the Exam Centre a day
before the examination to familiarise themselves with the arrangements.

10.12 Compensatory Time
Candidates with a scribe can avail the compensatory time of one hour. As per GATE guidelines, PwD/Dyslexic
(similar learning disabilities) candidates with Scribes are eligible for a compensatory time of 60 minutes.
Compensatory time of 60 minutes will be provided automatically, which may be checked on the candidate’s
console.

PwD candidates, with certain benchmark disabilities that limit the speed of writing, can request for
compensatory time during application. On-spot requests for compensatory time at the examination hall will not
be entertained. For compensatory time, please consult https://disabilitya airs.gov.in/upload/upload les/ les/
Guidelines-29_08_2018.pdf, https://disabilitya airs.gov.in/upload/upload les/ les/Corrigendum-08-02-19.pdf,
and https://disabilitya airs.gov.in/upload/upload les/ les/Vikash%20Kumar%20Guidelines%2010-8-22.pdf

10.13 Supporting Documents

• Category (SC/ST/OBC/EWS) Certi cate
Candidates who belong to SC/ST category must upload a valid documentary proof (for availing concession in
application fee). Certi cates issued only by the authorised o cials will be considered valid (refer to Appendix A
for a list of Authorities Empowered to Issue SC/ST Certi cate). Necessary legal action will be initiated for any
wrongdoing or misinformation. The same document may be required to be submitted to the admitting institute,
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which also has the onus of verifying the candidate’s SC/ST certi cate. OBC-NCL and EWS candidates are not
required to submit/upload any category certi cate while lling the online application form.

• Person with Disability (PwD) Certi cate
To avail the application fee concession under the Person with Disability (PwD) category, the candidates should
attach a recently obtained and valid PwD certi cate issued by the competent authority. The same document may
be required to be submitted to the admitting institute during admission.

• Certi cate of Dyslexia
To avail the services of a scribe, dyslexic candidates should attach a valid dyslexic certi cate issued by any
authorised Dyslexia Association (refer to Appendix A for Authorities Empowered to Issue Certi cate of Dyslexia).

• Photograph and Signature Requirements
GATE 2024 application requires that candidate’s photograph and signature les be uploaded online according to
the following speci cations.

• Photograph Requirements
• GATE 2024 Admit Card and Score Card will contain the same photograph that you have submitted at the
time of application.
• Upload a good quality, colour photograph of passport size (3.5 cm width × 4.5 cm height) with the face of
the candidate covering 60-70% of the photograph.
• The background of the photograph must be white and not contain any other objects or persons.
• The photograph must show the frontal face view looking directly into the camera and must show the
forehead, eyes, nose, and chin. The face in the photograph must not be covered with objects such as caps,
hats, sunglasses, coloured glasses, etc. Normal spectacles for vision correction are allowed. If the
candidate normally wears spectacles, a photograph with glare on the glasses is not acceptable. If the glare
cannot be avoided, the spectacles must be removed.
• Photograph can be in JPEG/JPG format with minimum aspect ratio of 0.66 and maximum aspect ratio of
0.89. After cropping the photograph, the face must cover 60-70% of the image.
• The maximum pixel resolution is 530 x 690 pixels and the minimum resolution is 200 x 260 pixels. The le
size must be minimum of 5 kB and a maximum of 1 MB.
• The face must be visible clearly and not covered by any cloth or shadow.
• Photographs not adhering to the speci ed criteria could lead to rejection of your GATE application, and the
application fee will not be refunded.
• Head coverings are not permitted except for religious reasons, but the facial features from bottom of chin
to the top of forehead and both edges of the face must be clearly shown.

Table 7 shows samples of acceptable and unacceptable photographs.

• Signature Speci cations
• Upload an image of your signature in JPEG/JPG format of size with an aspect ratio (height : width) of 1 : R,
where the value of R can be between 2.75 and 3.75. After cropping to the mentioned size, the area of the
signature must cover 70-80% of the image.
• The signature of the candidate must be in black or dark blue colour ink only.
• The le size must be a minimum of 3 kB and maximum of 1 MB.
• The maximum pixel resolution is 580 × 180 pixels and the minimum resolution is 250 × 80 pixels.
• The signature must be signed only by the applicant and not by any other person.
• If the candidate’s signature does not match with the signature at the time of the examination, the applicant
could be disquali ed.

Table 8 shows samples of signatures that are acceptable and unacceptable.

GATE 2024, IISc, Bengaluru 19
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Table 7: Samples of acceptable and unacceptable photographs.

Samples of Acceptable Photographs

Samples of Unacceptable Photographs

Not matching the size
specification

Wearing sunglasses Shadow on face Glare on glasses

Other people in the
background
Photo is blurred Eyes closed

Face and head covered

Wearing a cap

Face covered by a mask Mobile selfie Not looking straight into the
camera

Table 8: Samples of acceptable and unacceptable signatures.

GATE 2024, IISc, Bengaluru 20

Before submitting the GATE 2024 Application Form, the candidate must ensure that all the details and all the
necessary supporting documents are lled or uploaded. An application once submitted cannot be changed or
edited.

10.14 Application Fee Payment Options
The GATE 2024 application portal directs candidates to the payment gateway, which provides options for fee
payment — Net banking/debit card/credit card/wallet/UPI. The fee amount and bank charges will be shown to
the candidate, and they will have to con rm and pay. Once the payment is successful, the candidate will be
redirected to the GATE 2024 application portal, from where the pdf copy of the submitted application form can
be downloaded.

If the candidate has a di culty due to poor internet connection or power failure problems, for example, and the
candidate is not certain whether the payment has been processed or not, then the candidate should check the
status of transaction from the bank account and also login back to GATE 2024 application portal after some time
and check the status of the payment.

If the payment was received, the candidate can continue printing the application form. If the payment is not
received by GATE 2024, a fresh payment must be initiated. In case the fee amount has been debited/deducted

GATE 2024, IISc, Bengaluru 21
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from the bank account, but an acknowledgement for fee payment has not been received from GATE 2024, then
the money will be credited back to the candidate’s account within 15 days.

In case of multiple payments made due to technical glitches, with respect to one application, the extra fee paid
will be returned (credited) to the same bank account within 15 days. In case a payment con rmation has not
been received, the candidate is advised to initiate a new payment without waiting for the refund of the earlier
payment, to complete the application submission process within the deadline. Candidates are advised to apply
and complete the payment well ahead of the closing date to avoid problems due to last-minute rush.

10.15 Application Scrutiny and Recti cation
GATE 2024 applications will be scrutinised for accuracy of the data, which include veri cation against the
uploaded supporting documents, clarity of the photograph and signature. If everything is found to be in order,
the application will be accepted. Otherwise, the defects will be marked and intimated to the candidate by email
or SMS for recti cation within a stipulated time frame. The status of an application will be updated after
scrutiny by the respective zonal GATE o ces. The status of the candidate’s application can be checked anytime
by logging into the GATE 2024 account. Candidates must promptly rectify defects in their application within the
stipulated time. Candidates are advised to login to the Application Portal and check the status of the defects
from time to time.

10.16 Admit Card
Admit Cards can ONLY be downloaded from the GATE 2024 website in the rst week of January 2024.
Admit Cards will NOT be sent by post or email.

Candidates must bring a printed copy of the Admit Card on A4 paper to the examination for veri cation along
with a valid original photo Identity Document, speci ed during the lling up of the online application. The Admit
Card is valid if and only if the candidate's photograph and signature are clear. Candidates are advised to print
the Admit Card on A4 size paper using a laser printer, preferably in colour. GATE 2024 Admit Card and Original
ID proof are essential for entry into the examination hall.

Candidates are advised to regularly check the GATE 2024 website for latest updates.

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11. GATE 2024 Examination Related Information

A virtual scienti c calculator will be available on the computer screen. Calculators, mobile phones, Blue-tooth
devices, electronic/communication devices, wallets, books, papers, loose sheets, data or handbooks, tables,
pen/pencil box/pouch, analog/digital/smart watches are strictly prohibited in the exam halls and candidates
found in possession of such devices will be disquali ed regardless of whether they use them or not. GATE 2024
Organising Institute will not be responsible for safe-guarding the candidates’ personal belongings.

A scribble pad will be provided to the candidates for rough work. The candidates must write their name and
registration number on the scribble pad before using it. A candidate can possess only one scribble pad at any
point of time. Before taking the second scribble pad, the rst scribble pad MUST be returned to the invigilator.
The scribble pad in the candidate’s possession must be returned to the invigilator at the end of the examination.

Syllabus for the test papers, previous years GATE question papers, and mock examination links together with
the virtual scienti c calculator will be accessible through GATE 2024 website.

All test papers of GATE 2024 will be of three hours duration (four hours in case of candidates availing
compensatory time), consisting of 65 questions for a total of 100 marks. After the examination duration has
elapsed, the examination will terminate automatically.

Candidates will be permitted to occupy their allotted seats 40 minutes before the scheduled start of the
examination. Candidates can login and start reading the instructions 20 minutes before the start of examination.
A candidate will not be permitted to login after 30 minutes from the scheduled start of the examination.
Candidates will NOT be permitted to leave the examination hall before the scheduled end of the examination.

GATE 2024, IISc, Bengaluru 23
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12. Details of GATE 2024 Test Papers
12.1 Types of Questions
GATE 2024 test papers contain questions of three types: Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs); Multiple Select
Questions (MSQs); and Numerical Answer Type (NAT).

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ) carry 1 or 2 marks each. Each MCQ will have choice of four answers, out of
which ONLY ONE choice is correct. For a wrong answer chosen in a MCQ, there will be negative marking. For a
1-mark MCQ, 1/3 mark will be deducted for a wrong answer. Likewise, for 2-mark MCQ, 2/3 mark will be
deducted for a wrong answer.

Multiple Select Questions (MSQ) carry 1 or 2 marks each. Each MSQ will have choice of four answers, out of
which ONE or MORE than ONE choice(s) is / are correct. There is NO negative marking for a wrong answer in
MSQ questions. However, there is NO partial credit for choosing partially correct combinations of answers.

Numerical Answer Type (NAT) questions carry 1 or 2 marks each. For NAT questions, the answer is a signed
real number, which must be entered by the candidate using the virtual numeric keypad on the monitor
(keyboard of the computer will be disabled). No choices will be shown for these types of questions. The answer
can be a number such as 10 or -10 (an integer only). The answer may be in decimals as well, for example,10.1
(one decimal) or 10.01 (two decimals) or -10.001 (three decimals). The stem of the NAT question will indicate the
number of decimal places that must be speci ed in the answer. Candidates are advised to round-o only at the
end of the calculation and not at intermediate stages of the calculation. There is NO negative marking for a
wrong answer in NAT questions.

12.2 Categories of Questions
The questions in a test paper are designed to assess the following abilities:
• Recall: These questions are based on facts, principles, formulae or laws of the discipline. The candidate is
expected to be able to obtain the answer either from memory of the subject or at most from a short
computation.
• Comprehension: These questions test the candidate’s understanding of the basic concepts and require the
candidate to draw simple conclusions from fundamental ideas.
• Application: These questions test the candidate’s applicability of knowledge either through computation or by
logical reasoning.
• Analysis and Synthesis: In these questions, the candidate is presented with data, diagrams, images, etc. that
require analysis before answering a question. A Synthesis question might require the candidate to compare
two or more pieces of information. Questions in this category could, for example, involve the candidate being
able to recognise unstated assumptions, or separating useful information from irrelevant information.
The questions may be a mix of a single standalone statement/phrase/data based questions, combination of
options, or match the given items type.

12.3 Distribution of Marks and Questions
Every test paper has 65 questions carrying a total of 100 marks, out of which 10 questions carrying a total of 15
marks will be on General Aptitude (GA), which is intended to test typically language and analytical skills.

In test papers AE, AG, BM, BT, CE, CH, CS, EC, EE, ES, GE, IN, ME, MN, MT, NM, PE, PI and TF, the General Aptitude
section will carry 15 marks and the remaining 85 marks are devoted to the subject component, out of which
Engineering Mathematics will carry 13 marks.

XE has a common and a compulsory section, namely, XE-A (Engineering Mathematics), which carries 15 marks.

In test papers AR, CY, DA, EY, GG, MA, PH, ST, XH and XL, the General Aptitude section carries 15 marks and the
remaining 85 marks are devoted to the subject component.

GATE 2024, IISc, Bengaluru 24
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• General Aptitude (GA) Questions
In all test papers, GA questions carry a total of 15 marks. The GA section includes 5 questions carrying 1 mark
each and 5 questions carrying 2 marks each.

• Architecture and Planning (AR) Test Paper
Apart from the General Aptitude (GA) section, the test paper consists of two parts: Part A (60 marks) and Part B
(25 marks). Part A is compulsory for all the candidates. Part B contains two parts: Part B1 (Architecture) and
Part B2 (Planning). Candidates will have to attempt questions in Part A and questions in either Part B1 or Part
B2. The choice of Part B1 or Part B2 can be made during the examination.

Part A consists of 39 questions carrying a total of 60 marks: 18 questions carrying 1 mark each and 21
questions carrying 2 marks each. Part B1 (Architecture) and Part B2 (Planning) consist of 16 questions each
carrying a total of 25 marks: 7 questions carrying 1 mark each and 9 questions carrying 2 marks each.

• Geomatics Engineering (GE) Test Paper
Apart from the General Aptitude (GA) section, the question paper consists of two parts: Part A (55 marks) and
Part B (30 marks). Part A — Engineering Mathematics and Basic Geomatics is compulsory for all the candidates.
Part B contains two components: Part B1 (Surveying and Mapping) and Part B2 (Image Processing and Analysis).
Candidates will have to attempt questions in Part A, and questions in either Part B1 or Part B2. The choice of
Part B1 or Part B2 can be made during the examination.

Part A consists of 36 questions carrying a total of 55 marks: 17 questions carrying 1 mark each and 19
questions carrying 2 marks each. Part B1 (Surveying and Mapping) and Part B2 (Image Processing and Analysis)
consist of 19 questions each, carrying a total of 30 marks: 8 questions carrying 1 mark each and 11 questions
carrying 2 marks each.

• Geology and Geophysics (GG) Test Paper
Apart from the General Aptitude (GA) section, the GG question paper consists of two parts: Part A (25 marks)
and Part B (60 marks). Part A is compulsory for all the candidates. Part B contains two components: Part B1
(Geology) and Part B2 (Geophysics). Candidates will have to attempt questions from Part A and questions from
either Part B1 or Part B2. The choice of Part B1 or Part B2 must be made at the time of lling the online
application form and cannot be made in the examination hall.

Part A consists of 16 questions carrying a total of 25 marks: 7 questions carrying 1 mark each and 9 questions
carrying 2 marks each. Part B1 (Geology) and Part B2 (Geophysics) consists of 39 questions each, carrying a
total of 60 marks: 18 questions carrying 1 mark each and 21 questions carrying 2 marks each.

• Engineering Sciences (XE) Test Papers
A candidate appearing in the XE paper must answer the following:
• General Aptitude (GA) carrying a total of 15 marks.
• Section A – Engineering Mathematics (Compulsory): This section contains 11 questions carrying a total of
15 marks: 7 questions carrying 1 mark each, and 4 questions carrying 2 marks each.
• Any two of XE Sections B through H: The choice of two sections from B to H can be made during the
examination after viewing the questions. Only two optional sections can be answered at a time. A candidate
wishing to change the optional section during the examination must rst deselect one of the previously
chosen optional sections (B through H). This step will clear the answers, but there will be a message
warning the candidate that the answers to the section being deselected will be deleted. Only after the
candidate con rms will the answers be deleted and the section deselected. Each of the optional sections of
the XE paper (Sections B through H) contains 22 questions carrying a total of 35 marks: 9 questions carrying
1 mark each (sub-total 9 marks) and 13 questions carrying 2 marks each (sub-total 26 marks).

• Humanities and Social Sciences (XH) Test Papers
A candidate appearing in the XH paper must answer the following:
• General Aptitude (GA) carrying a total of 15 marks

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• Section B1 – Reasoning and Comprehension (Compulsory): This section contains 16 questions carrying a
total of 25 marks: 7 questions carrying 1 mark each (sub-total 7 marks) and 9 questions carrying 2 marks
each (sub-total 18 marks).
• Any one of XH Sections C1 to C6: The choice of section from C1 to C6 must be made at the time of lling
the online application form. Candidates cannot request for a change of section during the examination.
Each of the optional sections of the XH paper (Sections C1 through C6) contains 39 questions carrying a total
of 60 marks:18 questions carrying 1 mark each and 21 questions carrying 2 marks each. A candidate
wishing to change the optional section during the examination must rst deselect one of the previously
chosen optional sections (C1 through C6). This step will clear the answers, but there will be a message
warning the candidate that the answers to the section being deselected will be deleted.

• Life Sciences (XL) Test Papers
A candidate appearing in the XL paper must answer the following:
• General Aptitude (GA) carrying a total of 15 marks.
• Section P – Chemistry (Compulsory): This section contains 17 questions carrying a total of 25 marks:
9 questions carrying 1 mark each (sub-total 9 marks) and 8 questions carrying 2 marks each (sub-total 16
marks).
• Any two of XL Sections Q through U: The choice of two sections from Q to U can be made during the
examination after viewing the questions. Only TWO optional sections can be answered at a time. A candidate
wanting to change the optional section must rst deselect one of the chosen optional sections (Q to U). Each
of the optional sections of the XL paper (Sections Q through U) contains 19 questions carrying a total of 30
marks: 8 questions carrying 1 mark each and 11 questions carrying 2 marks each. A candidate wishing to
change the optional section during the examination must rst deselect one of the previously chosen
optional sections (Q through U). This step will clear the answers, but there will be a message warning the
candidate that the answers to the section being deselected will be deleted.

Question papers from previous GATE exams (2007 to 2023) can be downloaded from the Downloads tab of the
GATE 2024 website.

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13. Post-Examination Related Information
After the GATE 2024 examinations conclude, the candidates’ responses will be available in their GATE 2024
account for download. The answer keys will also be displayed on the GATE 2024 website. Candidates may
submit their contests against the answer keys during the speci ed dates subject to payment of a fee. Once the
evaluation is nalised, GATE 2024 results will be announced. Quali ed candidates can download the Score Card
from their GATE 2024 account.

13.1 GATE Score
After evaluating the answers, the actual (raw) marks obtained by a candidate will be considered for computing
the GATE score. For multi-session test papers, the raw marks obtained by the candidates in di erent sessions
will be converted to normalised marks for that particular test paper. Thus, raw marks (for single session
papers) or normalised marks (for multi-session test papers) will be used for computing the GATE score, based
on the qualifying marks.

13.2 Calculation of Normalised Marks for Multi-Session Papers
In GATE 2024, some test papers may be conducted in multiple sessions. For such papers, a suitable
normalisation is applied to take into account any variation in the di culty levels of the question papers across
sessions. The normalisation is done based on the assumption that in multi-session GATE papers, the
distribution of abilities of candidates is the same across the sessions. This assumption is reasonable since the
number of candidates appearing in multi-session papers will be large and the procedure for allocation of
candidates to sessions is random. Further, the number of candidates allotted in each session of the multi-
session paper is comparable.

Based on these considerations, the following formula is used for calculating the normalised marks for the
multi-session papers.

The normalised marks of the j th candidate in the i th session, denoted by M iĵ , are computed as

M i,̂ j =
M gt − Mqg
(Mij − Miq ) + Mqg
Mti − Miq

where

Mij is the actual marks obtained by the j th candidate in the i th session;

M gt is the average marks of the top 0.1% of the candidates considering all sessions;

Mqg is the sum of mean and standard deviation marks of the candidates in the paper considering all sessions;

Mti is the average marks of the top 0.1% of the candidates in the i th session; and

Miq is the sum of the mean marks and standard deviation marks of the i th session.

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13.3 Calculation of GATE Score for All Papers
The GATE 2024 score will be computed using the formula given below.

M − Mq
GATE Score = Sq + (St − Sq )
Mt − Mq

where

M is the marks obtained by the candidate (actual marks for single session papers and normalised marks for
multi-session papers);

Mq is the qualifying marks for the General Category candidate in the paper;

Mt is the mean of marks of top 0.1% or top 10 (whichever is larger) of the candidates who appeared in the paper
(in case of multi-session papers including all sessions);

Sq = 350 is the score assigned to Mq ; and

St = 900 is the score assigned to Mt .

In GATE 2024, the qualifying marks Mq for the general category candidate in each subject will be 25 marks (out
of 100) or μ + σ, whichever is larger, where μ is the mean and σ is the standard deviation of positive marks of
all the candidates who appeared for the test paper.

13.4 GATE 2024 Results and Score Cards
GATE 2024 results will be announced on the GATE 2024 website. GATE 2024 Score Cards will be available for
download by the quali ed candidates. Hard copies of the score card will not be issued. It is recommended that
an electronic version of the Score Card be preserved by the candidates for future use. After May 31, 2024 and
until December 31, 2024, a fee of ₹ 500 (Rupees ve hundred only) per test paper per candidate will be levied
for obtaining the Score Card. From January 1, 2025 onward, Score Cards will not be issued for GATE 2024
quali ed candidates.

13.5 Contact Information
Candidates are assigned a zone at the time of application, based on the rst choice of the exam city. The zonal
GATE o ce contact details are available in Table 1. Any queries regarding the application, examination centre,
Admit Card, and results are handled by the respective GATE 2024 zonal institute in consultation with the
Organising Institute. Candidates are encouraged to look up the frequently asked questions (FAQs) on the
website. If a query is not resolved even after going through the FAQs, then they may contact the zonal GATE
o ce.

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Appendix A: Certi cate Issuing Authorities
Authorities Empowered to Issue SC/ST Certi cates
• District Magistrate/Additional District Magistrate/Collector/Deputy Collector/Deputy Commissioner /
Additional Deputy Commissioner/1st Class Stipendiary Magistrate/City Magistrate/Sub-Divisional Magistrate/
Taluk Magistrate/Executive Magistrate/Extra Assistant Commissioner.
• Chief Presidency Magistrate/Additional Chief Presidency Magistrate/Presidency Magistrate.
• Revenue O cer not below the rank of Tahsildar.
• Sub-Divisional O cer of the area where the Candidate and/or her/his family normally resides.
• Administrator/Secretary to Administrator/Development O cer (Lakshadweep Islands). Certi cate issued by
any other o cial will NOT be accepted.

Person with Disability (PwD) Category
In order to avail application fee concession under the PwD category, the candidates should attach a recently
obtained proper PwD certi cate, which is required to be submitted to the admitting institute at the time of
admission. Bene t would be given to those who have benchmark disability i.e. not less than 40% impairment
irrespective of the type of disability. The onus of verifying PwD certi cate lies with the admitting institute. The
GATE Committee is NOT responsible for any incorrect declaration of the PwD status of candidates.

Authorities Empowered to Issue ‘Certi cate of Dyslexia’
A copy of the certi cate of Dyslexic condition should be uploaded at the time of online registration to avail the
services of scribe. Such a certi cate can be obtained from any Dyslexia Association. Some of them are listed
below:
• Dyslexia Trust of Kolkata, Divya Jalan, Aruna Bhaskar 3, Dover Park, Kolkata – 700019.
• Dyslexia Association of Andhra Pradesh (DAAP), 3 4 494/1, 1st Floor, Macherla Gastrology Hospital, Reddy
College Road, Barkatpura, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500027.
• Madras Dyslexia Association, 94 Park View, 1st Floor, G.N. Chetty Road, T. Nagar, Chennai –600017.
• Maharashtra Dyslexia Association, 003, Amit Park Bldg, L J Road, Deonar, Mumbai 400088.
• The Dyslexia Association of India, MZ 47, The Center Stage Mall, Plot No 01, Block L, Sector 18, NOIDA,
201303.

PwD candidates may consult Unique Disability ID scheme of Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment,
Government of India for more information.

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Appendix B: Code of Conduct for GATE 2024 Examination
Candidates appearing for GATE 2024 must strictly comply with the following code of conduct:
• Candidates appearing for GATE 2024 examination must carry Admit Card and original valid photo-identity
proof (used at the time of registration) inside the examination hall.
• Scribble pad will be provided to the candidate for rough work in the examination hall by the invigilator.
Candidates must write their name and registration number on the scribble pad before they start using it. The
candidate can possess only one scribble pad at any point of time. Before taking the next scribble pad, the
previous scribble pad must be returned to the invigilator. Any scribble pad in the possession of the candidate
must be returned to the invigilators after the end of the examination.
• Carrying mobile phones (even in the switched-o mode), watches of any form and calculators inside the
examination hall is strictly prohibited.
• Carrying any electronic/communication devices, wallets, papers, loose sheets, pen/pencil box/pouch, and
printed or hand-written textual materials, inside the examination hall is strictly prohibited.
• All means and modes of communication, verbal or otherwise, among the candidates inside the examination
hall are strictly prohibited.
• If any of the prohibited acts or items listed above is detected during the examination, it will automatically lead
to cancellation of candidature. Results will not be declared for such candidates.
• The GATE Examination Body comprising Organising Institute and Zonal Institutes will not take any
responsibility regarding safety and security of mobile phones/electronic devices/any kind of valuables
belonging to candidates.
• Candidates must not tamper with the computer and the related hardware provided in the examination hall.
Candidates found tampering the computers will have their candidature cancelled summarily. In addition,
appropriate legal action may be initiated against such candidates.
• Candidates found using unfair means and not complying with the code of conduct and ethics of GATE 2024 will
have their candidature cancelled regardless of whether they have been allowed to complete their examination
or not. Appropriate legal action may be initiated against all such candidates.

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14. Syllabus of Test Papers

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GA General Aptitude

Verbal Aptitude
Basic English grammar: tenses, articles, adjectives, prepositions, conjunctions, verb-noun agreement, and other
parts of speech Basic vocabulary: words, idioms, and phrases in context.

Reading and comprehension, Narrative sequencing.

Quantitative Aptitude
Data interpretation: data graphs (bar graphs, pie charts, and other graphs representing data), 2- and 3-
dimensional plots, maps, and tables Numerical computation and estimation: ratios, percentages, powers,
exponents and logarithms, permutations and combinations, and series Mensuration and geometry Elementary
statistics and probability.

Analytical Aptitude
Logic: deduction and induction, Analogy, Numerical relations and reasoning.

Spatial Aptitude
Transformation of shapes: translation, rotation, scaling, mirroring, assembling, and grouping paper folding,
cutting, and patterns in 2 and 3 dimensions.

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AE Aerospace Engineering

In each of the following subjects, the topics have been divided into two categories – Core Topics and Special
Topics. The corresponding sections of the question paper will contain 90% of the questions on Core Topics and
the remaining 10% on Special Topics.

Section1: Engineering Mathematics

Core Topics
Linear Algebra: Vector algebra, Matrix algebra, systems of linear equations, rank of a matrix, eigen values and
eigen vectors.

Calculus: Functions of single variable, limits, continuity and di erentiability, mean value theorem, chain rule,
partial derivatives, maxima and minima, gradient, divergence and curl, directional derivatives. Integration, Line,
surface and volume integrals. Theorems of Stokes, Gauss and Green.

Di erential Equations: First order linear and nonlinear di erential equations, higher order linear ODEs with
constant coe cients. Partial di erential equations and separation of variables methods.

Special Topics
Fourier Series, Laplace Transforms, Numerical methods for linear and nonlinear algebraic equations, Numerical
integration and di erentiation. Complex analysis. Probability and statistics.

Section 2: Flight Mechanics

Core Topics (Basics)
Atmosphere: Properties, standard atmosphere. Classi cation of aircraft. Airplane ( xed wing aircraft)
con guration and various parts. Pressure altitude; equivalent, calibrated, indicated air speeds; Primary ight
instruments: Altimeter, ASI, VSI, Turn-bank indicator. Angle of attack, sideslip; Roll, pitch & yaw controls.
Aerodynamic forces and moments.

Airplane performance: Drag polar; take-o and landing; steady climb and descent; absolute and service ceiling;
range and endurance, load factor, turning ight, V-n diagram. Winds: head, tail and cross winds.

Static stability: Stability and control derivatives; longitudinal stick xed and free stability; horizontal tail position
and size; directional stability, vertical tail position and size; lateral stability. Wing dihedral, sweep & position;
hinge moments, stick forces.

Special Topics
Dynamic stability: Euler angles; Equations of motion; Decoupling of longitudinal and lateral-directional
dynamics; longitudinal modes; lateral-directional modes.

Section 3: Space Dynamics

Core Topics
Central force motion, determination of trajectory and orbital period in simple cases. Kepler’s laws; escape
velocity.

Special Topics: None
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Section 4: Aerodynamics

Core Topics
Basic Fluid Mechanics: Conservation laws: Mass, momentum and energy (Integral and di erential form);
Dimensional analysis and dynamic similarity;

Potential ow theory: sources, sinks, doublets, line vortex and their superposition. Elementary ideas of viscous
ows including boundary layers.

Airfoils and wings: Airfoil nomenclature; Aerodynamic coe cients: lift, drag and moment; Kutta-Joukoswki
theorem; Thin airfoil theory, Kutta condition, starting vortex; Finite wing theory: Induced drag, Prandtl lifting line
theory; Critical and drag divergence Mach number.

Compressible Flows: Basic concepts of compressibility, One-dimensional compressible ows, Isentropic ows,
Fanno ow, Rayleigh ow; Normal and oblique shocks, Prandtl-Meyer ow; Flow through nozzles and di users.

Special Topics
Wind Tunnel Testing: Measurement and visualization techniques. Shock - boundary layer interaction.

Section 5: Structures

Core Topics
Strength of Materials: Stress and strain: Three-dimensional transformations, Mohr’s circle, principal stresses,
Three-dimensional Hooke's law, Plane stress and strain. Failure theories: Maximum stress, Tresca von Mises.
Strain energy. Castigliano’s principles. Statically determinate and indeterminate trusses and beams. Elastic
exural buckling of columns.

Flight vehicle structures: Characteristics of aircraft structures and materials. Torsion, bending and shear of
thin-walled sections. Loads on aircraft.

Structural Dynamics: Free and forced vibrations of undamped and damped SDOF systems. Free vibrations of
undamped 2-DOF systems.

Special Topics
Vibration of beams. Theory of elasticity: Equilibrium and compatibility equations, Airy’s stress function.

Section 6: Propulsion

Core Topics
Basics: Thermodynamics, boundary layers, heat transfer, combustion and thermo chemistry.

Aerothermodynamics of aircraft engines: Thrust, e ciency, range. Brayton cycle.

Engine performance: Ramjet, turbojet, turbofan, turboprop and turboshaft engines. After burners.

Turbomachinery: Axial compressors: Angular momentum, work and compression, characteristic performance
of a single axial compressor stage, e ciency of the compressor and degree of reaction, multi-staging.

Centrifugal compressor: Stage dynamics, inducer, impeller and di user.

Axial turbines: Stage performance.

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Rockets: Thrust equation and speci c impulse, rocket performance. Multi-staging. Chemical rockets.
Performance of solid and liquid propellant rockets.

Special Topics
Aerothermodynamics of non-rotating propulsion components such as intakes, combustor and nozzle. Turbine
blade cooling. Compressor-turbine matching, Surge and stall.

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AG Agricultural Engineering

Section 1: Engineering Mathematics

Linear Algebra: Matrices and determinants, linear and orthogonal transformations, Caley Hamilton theorem;
Eigen values and Eigen vectors, solutions of linear equations.

Calculus: Limit, continuity and di erentiability; partial derivatives; homogeneous function – Euler’s theorem on
homogeneous functions, total di erentiation; maxima and minima of function with several independent
variables; sequences and series – in nite series, tests for convergence; Fourier, Taylor and MacLaurin series.

Vector Calculus: Vector di erentiation, scalar and vector point functions, vector di erential operators – del,
gradient; divergence and curl; physical interpretations-line, surface and volume integrals; Stokes, Gauss and
Green’s theorems.

Di erential Equations: Linear and non-linear rst order Ordinary Di erential Equations (ODE); homogeneous
di erential equations, higher order linear ODEs with constant coe cients; Laplace transforms and their
inverse; Partial Di erential Equations - Laplace, heat and wave equations.

Probability and Statistics: Mean, median, mode and standard deviation; random variables; Poisson, normal and
binomial distributions; correlation and regression analysis.

Numerical Methods: Solutions of linear and non-linear algebraic equations; numerical integration - trapezoidal
and Simpson’s rule; numerical solutions of ODEs.

Section 2: Farm Machinery

Machine Design: Design and selection of machine elements – gears, pulleys, chains and sprockets and belts;
overload safety devices used in farm machinery; measurement of force, stress, torque, speed, displacement and
acceleration on machine elements - shafts, couplings, keys, bearings and knuckle joints.

Farm Machinery: Soil tillage; forces acting on a tillage tool; hitch systems and hitching of tillage implements;
functional requirements, principles of working, construction and operation of manual, animal and power
operated equipment for tillage, sowing, planting, fertilizer application, inter-cultivation, spraying, mowing, cha
cutting, harvesting and threshing calculation of performance parameters - eld capacity, e ciency, application
rate and losses; cost analysis of implements and tractors.

Section 3: Farm Power

Sources of Power: Sources of power on the farm — human, animal, mechanical, electrical, wind, solar and
biomass; bio-fuels.

Farm Power: Thermodynamic principles of I.C. engines; I.C. engine cycles; engine components; fuels and
combustion; lubricants and their properties; I.C. engine systems – fuel, cooling, lubrication, ignition, electrical,
intake and exhaust; selection, operation, maintenance and repair of I.C. engines; power e ciencies and
measurement; calculation of power, torque, fuel consumption, heat load and power losses; performance index,
cost analysis of implements and tractors.

Tractors and Power tillers: Type, selection, maintenance and repair of tractors and power tillers; tractor
clutches and brakes; power transmission systems – gear trains, di erential, nal drives and power take-o ;
mechanics of tractor chassis; traction theory; three point hitches - free link and restrained link operations;

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steering and hydraulic control systems used in tractors; tractor tests and performance; human engineering and
safety considerations in design of tractor and agricultural implements.

Section 4: Soil and Water Conservation Engineering

Fluid Mechanics: Ideal and real uids, properties of uids; hydrostatic pressure and its measurement; continuity
equation, kinematics and dynamics of ow; Bernoulli’s theorem; laminar and turbulent ow in pipes, Darcy-
Weisbach and Hazen-Williams equations, Moody’s diagram; ow through ori ces, weirs and notches; ow in
open channels, dimensional analysis – concepts of geometric dimensionless numbers.

Soil Mechanics: Engineering properties of soils; fundamental de nitions and relationships; index properties of
soils; permeability and seepage analysis; shear strength, Mohr’s circle of stress, active and passive earth
pressures; stability of slopes, Terzaghi’s one dimensional soil consolidation theory.

Hydrology: Hydrological cycle and measurement of its components; meteorological parameters and their
measurement; analysis of precipitation data; runo estimation; hydrograph analysis, unit hydrograph theory
and application; stream ow measurement; ood routing, hydrological reservoir and channel routing, In ltration
– indices and equations, drought and its classi cation.

Surveying and Leveling: Measurement of distance and area; instruments for surveying and levelling; chain
surveying, methods of traversing; measurement of angles and bearings, plane table surveying; types of
levelling; the odolite traversing; contouring; total station, introduction to GPS survey, computation of areas and
volume.

Soil and Water Erosion: Mechanics of soil erosion - wind and water erosion: soil erosion types, factors a ecting
erosion; soil loss estimation; biological and engineering measures to control erosion; terraces and bunds;
vegetative waterways; gully control structures, drop, drop inlet and chute spillways; earthen dams.

Watershed Management: Watershed characterization and land use capability classi cation; water budgeting in
watershed, rainwater harvesting, check dams and farm ponds.

Section 5: Irrigation and Drainage Engineering

Soil-Water-Plant Relationship: Water requirement of crops; consumptive use and evapotranspiration;
measurement of in ltration, soil moisture and irrigation water in ltration.

Irrigation Water Conveyance and Application Methods: Design of irrigation channels and underground pipelines;
irrigation scheduling; surface, sprinkler and micro irrigation methods, design and evaluation of irrigation
methods; irrigation e ciencies.

Agricultural Drainage: Drainage coe cient; planning, design and layout of surface and sub-surface drainage
systems; leaching requirement and salinity control; irrigation and drainage water quality and reuse; non-
conventional drainage system.

Groundwater Hydrology: Groundwater occurrence; Darcy’s Law, steady and unsteady ow in con ned and
uncon ned aquifers, groundwater exploration techniques; overview of groundwater recharge estimation and
arti cial recharge techniques.

Wells and Pumps: Types of wells, steady ow through wells; design and construction of water wells;
classi cation of pumps; pump characteristics; pump selection and installation.

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Section 6: Agricultural Process Engineering

Engineering properties of agriculture produce: Physical, thermal, frictional, rheological and electrical
properties.

Evaporation and Drying: Concentration and drying of liquid foods – evaporators, tray, drum and spray dryers;
hydrothermal treatments; drying and milling of cereals, pulses and oilseeds; drying kinetics; psychrometry –
properties of air-water vapor mixture.

Size Reduction and Material Handling: Mechanics and energy requirement in size reduction of agriculture
produce; particle size analysis for comminuted solids; size separation by screening; uidization of granular
solids-pneumatic, bucket, screw and belt conveying; cleaning and grading; e ectiveness of separation;
centrifugal separation of solids, liquids and gases; homogenization; ltration and membrane separation.

Processing of Agriculture Produce: Processing of seeds, spices, fruits and vegetables; value addition of
agriculture produce.

Storage Systems: Controlled and modi ed atmosphere storage; perishable food storage, godowns, bins and
grain silos, packaging material and machines.

Section 7: Dairy and Food Engineering

Heat and Mass Transfer: Steady state heat transfer in conduction, convection and radiation; transient heat
transfer in simple geometry; working principles of heat exchangers; di usive and convective mass transfer;
simultaneous heat and mass transfer in agricultural processing operations; material and energy balances in
food processing systems; water activity, sorption and desorption isotherms.

Preservation of Food: Kinetics of microbial death – pasteurization and sterilization of milk and other liquid
foods; preservation of food by cooling and freezing; refrigeration and cold storage basics and applications.

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AR Architecture and Planning

Part A: Common

Section 1: Architecture, Planning and Design
Architectural Graphics; Visual composition in 2D and 3D; Computer application in Architecture and Planning;
Anthropometrics; Organization of space; Circulation- horizontal and vertical; Space Standards; Universal design;
Building byelaws; Codes and standards.

Section 2: Construction and Management
Project management techniques e.g. PERT, CPM etc.; Estimation and Speci cation; Professional practice and
ethics; Form and Structure; Principles and design of disaster resistant structures; Temporary structures for
rehabilitation.

Section 3: Environmental Planning and Design
Natural and man-made ecosystem; Ecological principles; Environmental considerations in Planning and design;
Environmental pollution- types, causes, controls and abatement strategies; Sustainable development, goals and
strategies; Climate change and built environment; Climate responsive design.

Section 4: Urban Design, landscape and Conservation
Historical and modern examples of urban design; Elements of urban built environment – urban form, spaces,
structure, pattern, fabric, texture, grain etc.; Concepts and theories of urban design; Principles, tools and
techniques of urban design; Public spaces, character, spatial qualities and Sense of Place; Urban design
interventions for sustainable development and transportation; Development controls – FAR, densities and
building byelaws; Urban renewal and conservation; heritage conservation; historical public spaces and gardens;
Landscape design; Site planning.
Section 5: Planning process
Salient concepts, theories and principles of urban planning; concepts of cities - Eco-City, Smart City; Concepts
and theories by trendsetting planners and designers; Ekistics; Urban sociology; Social, Economic and
environmental cost bene t analysis; Methods of non-spatial and spatial data analysis; Development guidelines
such as URDPFI.
Section 6: Housing
Housing typologies; Concepts, principles and examples of neighbourhood; Residential densities; A ordable
Housing; Real estate valuation.

Section 7: Services and Infrastructure
Fire ghting Systems; Building Safety and Security systems; Building Management Systems; Water treatment;
Water supply and distribution system; Water harvesting systems; Principles, Planning and Design of storm
water drainage system; Sewage disposal methods; Methods of solid waste management - collection,
transportation and disposal; Recycling and Reuse of solid waste; Land-use – transportation - urban form inter-
relationships; Design of roads, intersections, grade separators and parking areas; Hierarchy of roads and level
of service; Para-transits and other modes of transportation, Pedestrian and slow moving tra c planning.

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Part B1: Architecture

Section B1.1: History and Contemporary Architecture
Principles of Art and Architecture; World History of Architecture: Egyptian, Greco-Roman classical period,
Byzantine, Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque-Rococo, etc.; Recent trends in Contemporary Architecture: Art nouveau,
Art Deco, Eclecticism, International styles, Post Modernism, Deconstruction in architecture, etc.; In uence of
Modern art and Design in Architecture; Indian vernacular and traditional Architecture, Oriental Architecture;
Works of renowned national and international architects.

Section B1.2: Building Construction and Structural systems
Building construction techniques, methods and details; Building systems and prefabrication of building
elements; Principles of Modular Coordination; Construction planning and equipment; Building material
characteristics and applications; Principles of strength of materials; Alternative building materials;
Foundations; Design of structural elements with di erent materials; Elastic and Limit State design; Structural
systems; Principles of Pre-stressing; High Rise and Long Span structures, gravity and lateral load resisting
systems.

Section B1.3: Building Services and Sustainability
Solar architecture; Thermal, visual and acoustic comfort in built environments; Natural and Mechanical
ventilation in buildings; Air-Conditioning systems; Sustainable building strategies; Building Performance
Simulation and Evaluation; Intelligent Buildings; Water supply; Sewerage and drainage systems; Sanitary
ttings and xtures; Plumbing systems; Principles of internal and external drainage system; Principles of
electri cation of buildings; Elevators and Escalators - standards and uses.

Part B2: Planning

Section B2.1: Regional and Settlement Planning
Regional delineation; settlement hierarchy; Types and hierarchy of plans; Various schemes and programs of
central government; Transit Oriented Development (TOD), SEZ, SRZ etc.; Public Perception and user behaviour;
National Housing Policies, Programs and Schemes; Slums, Squatters and informal housing; Standards for
housing and community facilities; Housing for special areas and needs.

Section B2.2: Planning Techniques and Management
Application of G.I.S and Remote Sensing techniques in urban and regional planning; Tools and techniques of
Surveys – Physical, Topographical, Land use and Socio-economic Surveys; Urban Economics, Law of demand
and supply of land and its use in planning; Graphic presentation of spatial data; Local self-governance,
Panchayatiraj institutions; Planning Legislation and implementation – Land Acquisition Act, PPP etc.; Decision
support system and Land Information System; Urban geography and econometrics; Management of
Infrastructure Projects; Demography and equity in planning.

Section B2.3: Infrastructure Planning
Process and Principles of Transportation Planning and Tra c Engineering; Road capacity and Travel demand
forecasting; Tra c survey methods, Tra c ow Analysis; Tra c analyses and design considerations; Tra c and
transport management and control in urban areas; Mass transportation planning; Intelligent Transportation
Systems; Urban and Rural Infrastructure System Network.

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BM Biomedical Engineering

Engineering Mathematics
Linear Algebra: Matrix algebra, systems of linear equations, Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors.

Calculus: Mean value theorems, theorems of integral calculus, partial derivatives, maxima and minima, multiple
integrals, Fourier series, vector identities, line, surface and volume integrals, Stokes, Gauss and Green's
theorems.

Di erential equations: First order linear and nonlinear di erential equations, higher order linear di erential
equations with constant coe cients, method of separation of variables, Cauchy's and Euler's equations, initial
and boundary value problems, and solution of partial di erential equations.

Analysis of complex variables: Analytic functions, Cauchy's integral theorem and integral formula, Taylor's and
Laurent's series, residue theorem.

Probability and Statistics: Sampling theorems, conditional probability, mean, median, mode and standard
deviation, random variables, discrete and continuous distributions: normal, Poisson and binomial distributions.
Tests of Signi cance, statistical power analysis, and sample size estimation. Linear Regression and correlation
analysis;

Numerical Methods: Matrix inversion, numerical solutions of nonlinear algebraic equations, iterative methods
for solving di erential equations, numerical integration.

Electrical Circuits
Voltage and current sources - independent, dependent, ideal and practical; v-i relationships of resistor, inductor
and capacitor; transient analysis of RLC circuits with dc excitation; Kircho ’s laws, superposition, Thevenin,
Norton, maximum power transfer and reciprocity theorems; Peak, average and rms values of ac quantities;
apparent, active and reactive powers; phasor analysis, impedance and admittance; series and parallel
resonance, realization of basic lters with R, L and C elements, Bode plot.

Signals and Systems
Continuous and Discrete Signal and Systems - Periodic, a periodic and impulse signals; Sampling theorem;
Laplace and Fourier transforms; impulse response of systems; transfer function, frequency response of rst
and second order linear time invariant systems, convolution, correlation. Discrete time systems - impulse
response, frequency response, DFT, Z - transform; basics of IIR and FIR lter.

Analog and Digital Electronics
Basic characteristics and applications of diode, BJT and MOSFET; Characteristics and applications of
operational ampli ers - di erence ampli er, adder, subtractor, integrator, di erentiator, instrumentation
ampli er, bu er, lters and waveform generators. Number systems, Boolean algebra; combinational logic
circuits - arithmetic circuits, comparators, Schmitt trigger, encoder/decoder, MUX/DEMUX, multi-vibrators;
Sequential circuits - latches and ip ops, state diagrams, shift registers and counters; Principles of ADC and
DAC; Microprocessor- architecture, interfacing memory and input- output devices.

Measurements and Control Systems
SI units, systematic and random errors in measurement, expression of uncertainty - accuracy and precision
index, propagation of errors; PMMC, MI and dynamometer type instruments; DC potentiometer; bridges for
measurement of R, L and C, Q-meter. Basics of control system - transfer function.

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Sensors and Bioinstrumentation
Sensors - resistive, capacitive, inductive, piezoelectric, Hall e ect, electro chemical, optical; Sensor signal
conditioning circuits; application of LASER in sensing and therapy. Origin of bio potentials and their
measurement techniques - ECG, EEG, EMG, ERG, EOG, GSR, PCG, Principles of measuring blood pressure, body
temperature, volume and ow in arteries, veins and tissues, respiratory measurements and cardiac output
measurement. Operating principle of medical equipment-sphygmomanometer, ventilator, cardiac pacemaker,
de brillator, pulse oximeter, hemodialyzer Electrical Isolation (optical and electrical) and Safety of Biomedical
Instruments.

Human Anatomy and Physiology
Basics of cell, types of tissues and organ systems; Homeostasis; Basics of organ systems - musculoskeletal,
respiratory, circulatory, excretory, endocrine, nervous, gastro-intestinal and reproductive.

Medical Imaging Systems
Basic physics, Instrumentation and image formation techniques in medical imaging modalities such as X-Ray,
Computed Tomography, Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography, Positron Emission Tomography,
Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Ultrasound.

Biomechanics
Kinematics of muscles and joints - free-body diagrams and equilibrium, forces and stresses in joints,
biomechanical analysis of joints, Gait analysis; Hard Tissues - De nition of Stress and Strain, Deformation
Mechanics, structure and mechanical properties of bone - cortical and cancellous bones; Soft Tissues -
Structure, functions, material properties, visco elastic properties, Maxwell & Voight models; Bio uid mechanics
- Flow properties of blood in the intact human cardiovascular system.

Biomaterials
Basic properties of biomaterials - Metallic, Ceramic, Polymeric and Composite; Fundamental characteristics of
implants - biocompatibility, bioactivity, biodegradability; Basics of drug delivery; Basics of tissue engineering.
Biomaterial characterization techniques - Rheology, Atomic Force Microscopy, Electron Microscopy,
Transmission Electron Microscopy Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy.

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BT Biotechnology

Section 1: Engineering Mathematics

Linear Algebra: Matrices and determinants; Systems of linear equations; Eigen values and Eigen vectors.

Calculus: Limits, continuity and di erentiability; Partial derivatives, maxima and minima; Sequences and series;
Test for convergence.

Di erential Equations: Linear and nonlinear rst order ODEs, higher order ODEs with constant coe cients;
Cauchy’s and Euler’s equations; Laplace transforms.

Probability and Statistics: Mean, median, mode and standard deviation; Random variables; Poisson, normal and
binomial distributions; Correlation and regression analysis.

Numerical Methods: Solution of linear and nonlinear algebraic equations; Integration by trapezoidal and
Simpson’s rule; Single step method for di erential equations.

Section 2: General Biology

Biochemistry: Biomolecules - structure and function; Biological membranes - structure, membrane channels
and pumps, molecular motors, action potential and transport processes; Basic concepts and regulation of
metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids and nucleic acids; Photosynthesis, respiration and electron
transport chain. Enzymes - Classi cation, catalytic and regulatory strategies; Enzyme kinetics - Michaelis-
Menten equation; Enzyme inhibition - competitive, non-competitive and uncompetitive inhibition.

Microbiology: Bacterial classi cation and diversity; Microbial Ecology - microbes in marine, fresh water and
terrestrial ecosystems; Microbial interactions; Viruses - structure and classi cation; Methods in microbiology;
Microbial growth and nutrition; Nitrogen xation; Microbial diseases and host-pathogen interactions; Antibiotics
and antimicrobial resistance.

Immunology: Innate and adaptive immunity, humoral and cell mediated immunity; Antibody structure and
function; Molecular basis of antibody diversity; T cell and B cell development; Antigen-antibody reaction;
Complement; Primary and secondary lymphoid organs; Major histocompatibility complex (MHC); Antigen
processing and presentation; Polyclonal and monoclonal antibody; Regulation of immune response; Immune
tolerance; Hypersensitivity; Autoimmunity; Graft versus host reaction; Immunization and vaccines.

Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Genetics and Evolutionary Biology: Mendelian inheritance; Gene interaction; Complementation; Linkage,
recombination and chromosome mapping; Extra chromosomal inheritance; Microbial genetics - transformation,
transduction and conjugation; Horizontal gene transfer and transposable elements; Chromosomal variation;
Genetic disorders; Population genetics; Epigenetics; Selection and inheritance; Adaptive and neutral evolution;
Genetic drift; Species and speciation.

Cell Biology: Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell structure; Cell cycle and cell growth control; Cell-cell
communication; Cell signalling and signal transduction; Post-translational modi cations; Protein tra cking; Cell
death and autophagy; Extra-cellular matrix.

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Molecular Biology: Molecular structure of genes and chromosomes; Mutations and mutagenesis; Regulation of
gene expression; Nucleic acid - replication, transcription, splicing, translation and their regulatory mechanisms;
Non-coding and micro RNA; RNA interference; DNA damage and repair.

Section 4: Fundamentals of Biological Engineering

Engineering Principles Applied to Biological Systems: Material and energy balances for reactive and non-
reactive systems; Recycle, bypass and purge processes; Stoichiometry of growth and product formation; Degree
of reduction, electron balance and theoretical oxygen demand.

Classical Thermodynamics and Bioenergetics: Laws of thermodynamics; Solution thermodynamics; Phase
equilibria, reaction equilibria; Ligand binding; Membrane potential; Energetics of metabolic pathways, oxidation
and reduction reactions.

Transport Processes: Newtonian and non-Newtonian uids, uid ow - laminar and turbulent; Mixing in
bioreactors, mixing time; Molecular di usion and lm theory; Oxygen transfer and uptake in bioreactor, kLa and
its measurement; Conductive and convective heat transfer, LMTD, overall heat transfer coe cient; Heat
exchangers.

Section 5: Bioprocess Engineering and Process Biotechnology

Bioreaction Engineering: Rate law, zero and rst order kinetics; Ideal reactors - batch, mixed ow and plug ow;
Enzyme immobilization, di usion e ects - Thiele modulus, e ectiveness factor, Damkoehler number; Kinetics of
cell growth, substrate utilization and product formation; Structured and unstructured models; Batch, fed-batch
and continuous processes; Microbial and enzyme reactors; Optimization and scale up.

Upstream and Downstream Processing: Media formulation and optimization; Sterilization of air and media;
Filtration - membrane ltration, ultra ltration; Centrifugation - high speed and ultra; Cell disruption; Principles
of chromatography - ion exchange, gel ltration, hydrophobic interaction, a nity, GC, HPLC and FPLC; Extraction,
adsorption and drying.

Instrumentation and Process Control: Pressure, temperature and ow measurement devices; Valves; First order
and second order systems; Feedback and feed forward control; Types of controllers – proportional, derivative
and integral control, tuning of controllers.

Section 6: Plant, Animal and Microbial Biotechnology

Plants: Totipotency; Regeneration of plants; Plant growth regulators and elicitors; Tissue culture and cell
suspension culture system - methodology, kinetics of growth and nutrient optimization; Production of secondary
metabolites; Hairy root culture; Plant products of industrial importance; Arti cial seeds; Somaclonal variation;
Protoplast, protoplast fusion - somatic hybrid and cybrid; Transgenic plants - direct and indirect methods of
gene transfer techniques; Selection marker and reporter gene; Plastid transformation.

Animals: Culture media composition and growth conditions; Animal cell and tissue preservation; Anchorage and
non-anchorage dependent cell culture; Kinetics of cell growth; Micro & macro-carrier culture; Hybridoma
technology; Stem cell technology; Animal cloning; Transgenic animals; Knock-out and knock-in animals.

Microbes: Production of biomass and primary/secondary metabolites - Biofuels, bioplastics, industrial enzymes,
antibiotics; Large scale production and puri cation of recombinant proteins and metabolites; Clinical-, food- and
industrial- microbiology; Screening strategies for new products.

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Section 7: Recombinant DNA technology and Other Tools in Biotechnology

Recombinant DNA technology: Restriction and modi cation enzymes; Vectors - plasmids, bacteriophage and
other viral vectors, cosmids, Ti plasmid, bacterial and yeast arti cial chromosomes; Expression vectors; cDNA
and genomic DNA library; Gene isolation and cloning, strategies for production of recombinant proteins;
Transposons and gene targeting.

Molecular tools: Polymerase chain reaction; DNA/RNA labelling and sequencing; Southern and northern
blotting; In-situ hybridization; DNA ngerprinting, RAPD, RFLP; Site-directed mutagenesis; Gene transfer
technologies; CRISPR-Cas; Biosensing and biosensors.

Analytical tools: Principles of microscopy - light, electron, uorescent and confocal; Principles of spectroscopy -
UV, visible, CD, IR, uorescence, FT-IR, MS, NMR; Electrophoresis; Micro-arrays; Enzymatic assays;
Immunoassays - ELISA, RIA, immunohistochemistry; immunoblotting; Flow cytometry; Whole genome and ChIP
sequencing.

Computational tools: Bioinformatics resources and search tools; Sequence and structure databases; Sequence
analysis - sequence le formats, scoring matrices, alignment, phylogeny; Genomics, proteomics, metabolomics;
Gene prediction; Functional annotation; Secondary structure and 3D structure prediction; Knowledge discovery
in biochemical databases; Metagenomics; Metabolic engineering and systems biology.

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CE Civil Engineering

Section 1: Engineering Mathematics

Linear Algebra: Matrix algebra; Systems of linear equations; eigen values and eigen vectors.

Calculus: Functions of single variable; Limit, continuity and di erentiability; Mean value theorems, local maxima
and minima; Taylor series; Evaluation of de nite and inde nite integrals, application of de nite integral to obtain
area and volume; Partial derivatives; Total derivative; Gradient, Divergence and Curl, Vector identities;
Directional derivatives; Line, Surface and Volume integrals.

Ordinary Di erential Equation (ODE): First order (linear and non-linear) equations; higher order linear equations
with constant coe cients; Euler-Cauchy equations; initial and boundary value problems.

Partial Di erential Equation (PDE): Fourier series; Separation of variables; solutions of one- dimensional
di usion equation; rst and second order one-dimensional wave equation and two-dimensional Laplace
equation.

Probability and Statistics: Sampling theorems; Conditional probability; Descriptive statistics – Mean, median,
mode and standard deviation; Random Variables – Discrete and Continuous, Poisson and Normal Distribution;
Linear regression.

Numerical Methods: Error analysis. Numerical solutions of linear and non-linear algebraic equations; Newton’s
and Lagrange polynomials; numerical di erentiation; Integration by trapezoidal and Simpson’s rule; Single and
multi-step methods for rst order di erential equations.

Section 2: Structural Engineering

Engineering Mechanics: System of forces, free-body diagrams, equilibrium equations; Internal forces in
structures; Frictions and its applications; Centre of mass; Free Vibrations of undamped SDOF system.

Solid Mechanics: Bending moment and shear force in statically determinate beams; Simple stress and strain
relationships; Simple bending theory, exural and shear stresses, shear centre; Uniform torsion,
Transformation of stress; buckling of column, combined and direct bending stresses.

Structural Analysis: Statically determinate and indeterminate structures by force/ energy methods; Method of
superposition; Analysis of trusses, arches, beams, cables and frames; Displacement methods: Slope de ection
and moment distribution methods; In uence lines; Sti ness and exibility methods of structural analysis.

Construction Materials and Management: Construction Materials: Structural Steel – Composition, material
properties and behaviour; Concrete - Constituents, mix design, short-term and long-term properties.
Construction Management: Types of construction projects; Project planning and network analysis - PERT and
CPM; Cost estimation.

Concrete Structures: Working stress and Limit state design concepts; Design of beams, slabs, columns; Bond
and development length; Prestressed concrete beams.

Steel Structures: Working stress and Limit state design concepts; Design of tension and compression members,
beams and beam- columns, column bases; Connections - simple and eccentric, beam-column connections, plate
girders and trusses; Concept of plastic analysis -beams and frames.

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Section 3: Geotechnical Engineering

Soil Mechanics: Three-phase system and phase relationships, index properties; Uni ed and Indian standard soil
classi cation system; Permeability - one dimensional ow, Seepage through soils – two - dimensional ow, ow
nets, uplift pressure, piping, capillarity, seepage force; Principle of e ective stress and quicksand condition;
Compaction of soils; One- dimensional consolidation, time rate of consolidation; Shear Strength, Mohr’s circle,
e ective and total shear strength parameters, Stress-Strain characteristics of clays and sand; Stress paths.

Foundation Engineering: Sub-surface investigations - Drilling bore holes, sampling, plate load test, standard
penetration and cone penetration tests; Earth pressure theories - Rankine and Coulomb; Stability of slopes –
Finite and in nite slopes, Bishop’s method; Stress distribution in soils – Boussinesq’s theory; Pressure bulbs,
Shallow foundations – Terzaghi’s and Meyerho ’s bearing capacity theories, e ect of water table; Combined
footing and raft foundation; Contact pressure; Settlement analysis in sands and clays; Deep foundations –
dynamic and static formulae, Axial load capacity of piles in sands and clays, pile load test, pile under lateral
loading, pile group e ciency, negative skin friction.

Section 4: Water Resources Engineering

Fluid Mechanics: Properties of uids, uid statics; Continuity, momentum and energy equations and their
applications; Potential ow, Laminar and turbulent ow; Flow in pipes, pipe networks; Concept of boundary
layer and its growth; Concept of lift and drag.

Hydraulics: Forces on immersed bodies; Flow measurement in channels and pipes; Dimensional analysis and
hydraulic similitude; Channel Hydraulics - Energy-depth relationships, speci c energy, critical ow, hydraulic
jump, uniform ow, gradually varied ow and water surface pro les.

Hydrology: Hydrologic cycle, precipitation, evaporation, evapo-transpiration, watershed, in ltration, unit
hydrographs, hydrograph analysis, reservoir capacity, ood estimation and routing, surface run-o models,
ground water hydrology - steady state well hydraulics and aquifers; Application of Darcy’s Law.

Irrigation: Types of irrigation systems and methods; Crop water requirements - Duty, delta, evapo-transpiration;
Gravity Dams and Spillways; Lined and unlined canals, Design of weirs on permeable foundation; cross
drainage structures.

Section 5: Environmental Engineering

Water and Waste Water Quality and Treatment: Basics of water quality standards – Physical, chemical and
biological parameters; Water quality index; Unit processes and operations; Water requirement; Water
distribution system; Drinking water treatment.

Sewerage system design, quantity of domestic wastewater, primary and secondary treatment. E uent
discharge standards; Sludge disposal; Reuse of treated sewage for di erent applications.

Air Pollution: Types of pollutants, their sources and impacts, air pollution control, air quality standards, Air
quality Index and limits.

Municipal Solid Wastes: Characteristics, generation, collection and transportation of solid wastes, engineered
systems for solid waste management (reuse/ recycle, energy recovery, treatment and disposal).

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Section 6: Transportation Engineering

Transportation Infrastructure: Geometric design of highways - cross-sectional elements, sight distances,
horizontal and vertical alignments.

Geometric design of railway Track – Speed and Cant.

Concept of airport runway length, calculations and corrections; taxiway and exit taxiway design.

Highway Pavements: Highway materials - desirable properties and tests; Desirable properties of bituminous
paving mixes; Design factors for exible and rigid pavements; Design of exible and rigid pavement using IRC
codes.

Tra c Engineering: Tra c studies on ow and speed, peak hour factor, accident study, statistical analysis of
tra c data; Microscopic and macroscopic parameters of tra c ow, fundamental relationships; Tra c signs;
Signal design by Webster’s method; Types of intersections; Highway capacity.

Section 7: Geomatics Engineering

Principles of surveying; Errors and their adjustment; Maps - scale, coordinate system; Distance and angle
measurement - Levelling and trigonometric levelling; Traversing and triangulation survey; Total station;
Horizontal and vertical curves.

Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing - Scale, ying height; Basics of remote sensing and GIS.

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CH Chemical Engineering

Section 1: Engineering Mathematics
Linear Algebra: Matrix algebra, Systems of linear equations, Eigen values and eigenvectors.

Calculus: Functions of single variable, Limit, continuity and di erentiability, Taylor series, Mean value theorems,
Evaluation of de nite and improper integrals, Partial derivatives, Total derivative, Maxima and minima, Gradient,
Divergence and Curl, Vector identities, Directional derivatives, Line, Surface and Volume integrals, Stokes, Gauss
and Green’s theorems.

Di erential Equations: First order equations (linear and nonlinear), Higher order linear di erential equations
with constant coe cients, Cauchy’s and Euler’s equations, Initial and boundary value problems, Laplace
transforms, Solutions of one-dimensional heat and wave equations and Laplace equation.

Complex Variables: Complex number, polar form of complex number, triangle inequality.

Probability and Statistics: De nitions of probability and sampling theorems, Conditional probability, Mean,
median, mode and standard deviation, Random variables, Poisson, Normal and Binomial distributions, Linear
regression analysis.

Numerical Methods: Numerical solutions of linear and non-linear algebraic equations. Integration by trapezoidal
and Simpson’s rule. Single and multi-step methods for numerical solution of di erential equations.

Section 2: Process Calculations and Thermodynamics
Steady and unsteady state mass and energy balances including multiphase, multi-component, reacting and
non-reacting systems. Use of tie components; recycle, bypass and purge calculations; Gibb’s phase rule and
degree of freedom analysis.

First and Second laws of thermodynamics. Applications of rst law to close and open systems. Second law and
Entropy. Thermodynamic properties of pure substances: Equation of State and residual properties, properties of
mixtures: partial molar properties, fugacity, excess properties and activity coe cients; phase equilibria:
predicting VLE of systems; chemical reaction equilibrium.

Section 3: Fluid Mechanics and Mechanical Operations
Fluid statics, surface tension, Newtonian and non-Newtonian uids, transport properties, shell-balances
including di erential form of Bernoulli equation and energy balance, equation of continuity, equation of motion,
equation of mechanical energy, Macroscopic friction factors, dimensional analysis and similitude, ow through
pipeline systems, velocity pro les, ow meters, pumps and compressors, elementary boundary layer theory,
ow past immersed bodies including packed and uidized beds, Turbulent ow: uctuating velocity, universal
velocity pro le and pressure drop.

Particle size and shape, particle size distribution, size reduction and classi cation of solid particles; free and
hindered settling; centrifuge and cyclones; thickening and classi cation, ltration, agitation and mixing;
conveying of solids.

Section 4: Heat Transfer
Equation of energy, steady and unsteady heat conduction, convection and radiation, thermal boundary layer and
heat transfer coe cients, boiling, condensation and evaporation; types of heat exchangers and evaporators and
their process calculations; design of double pipe, shell and tube heat exchangers, and single and multiple e ect
evaporators.

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Section 5: Mass Transfer
Fick’s laws, molecular di usion in uids, mass transfer coe cients, lm, penetration and surface renewal
theories; momentum, heat and mass transfer analogies; stage-wise and continuous contacting and stage
e ciencies; HTU & NTU concepts; design and operation of equipment for distillation, absorption, leaching,
liquid-liquid extraction, drying, humidi cation, dehumidi cation and adsorption, membrane separations (micro-
ltration, ultra- ltration, nano- ltration and reverse osmosis).

Section 6: Chemical Reaction Engineering
Theories of reaction rates; kinetics of homogeneous reactions, interpretation of kinetic data, single and multiple
reactions in ideal reactors, kinetics of enzyme reactions (Michaelis-Mentenand Monod models), non-ideal
reactors; residence time distribution, single parameter model; non-isothermal reactors; kinetics of
heterogeneous catalytic reactions; di usion e ects in catalysis; rate and performance equations for catalyst
deactivation.

Section 7: Instrumentation and Process Control
Measurement of process variables; sensors and transducers; P&ID equipment symbols; process modeling and
linearization, transfer functions and dynamic responses of various systems, systems with inverse response,
process reaction curve, controller modes (P, PI, and PID); control valves; transducer dynamics; analysis of closed
loop systems including stability, frequency response, controller tuning, cascade and feed forward control.

Section 8: Plant Design and Economics
Principles of process economics and cost estimation including depreciation and total annualized cost, cost
indices, rate of return, payback period, discounted cash ow, optimization in process design and sizing of
chemical engineering equipments such as heat exchangers and multistage contactors.

Section 9: Chemical Technology
Inorganic chemical industries (sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, chlor-alkali industry), fertilizers (Ammonia, Urea,
SSP and TSP); natural products industries (Pulp and Paper, Sugar, Oil, and Fats); petroleum re ning and
petrochemicals; polymerization industries (polyethylene, polypropylene, PVC and polyester synthetic bers).

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CS Computer Science and Information Technology

Section 1: Engineering Mathematics
Discrete Mathematics: Propositional and rst order logic. Sets, relations, functions, partial orders and lattices.
Monoids, Groups. Graphs: connectivity, matching, colouring. Combinatorics: counting, recurrence relations,
generating functions.

Linear Algebra: Matrices, determinants, system of linear equations, eigenvalues and eigenvectors, LU
decomposition.

Calculus: Limits, continuity and di erentiability, Maxima and minima, Mean value theorem, Integration.

Probability and Statistics: Random variables, Uniform, normal, exponential, Poisson and binomial distributions.
Mean, median, mode and standard deviation. Conditional probability and Bayes theorem.

Section 2: Digital Logic
Boolean algebra. Combinational and sequential circuits. Minimization. Number representations and computer
arithmetic ( xed and oating point).

Section 3: Computer Organization and Architecture
Machine instructions and addressing modes. ALU, data path and control unit. Instruction pipelining, pipeline
hazards. Memory hierarchy: cache, main memory and secondary storage; I/O interface (interrupt and DMA
mode).

Section 4: Programming and Data Structures
Programming in C. Recursion. Arrays, stacks, queues, linked lists, trees, binary search trees, binary heaps,
graphs.

Section 5: Algorithms
Searching, sorting, hashing. Asymptotic worst case time and space complexity. Algorithm design techniques:
greedy, dynamic programming and divide and conquer. Graph traversals, minimum spanning trees, shortest
paths.

Section 6: Theory of Computation
Regular expressions and nite automata. Context-free grammars and push-down automata. Regular and
context-free languages, pumping lemma. Turing machines and undecidability.

Section 7: Compiler Design
Lexical analysis, parsing, syntax-directed translation. Runtime environments. Intermediate code generation.
Local optimisation, Data ow analyses: constant propagation, liveness analysis, common sub expression
elimination.

Section 8: Operating System
System calls, processes, threads, inter process communication, concurrency and synchronization. Deadlock.
CPU and I/O scheduling. Memory management and virtual memory. File systems.

Section 9: Databases
ER model. Relational model: relational algebra, tuple calculus, SQL. Integrity constraints, normal forms. File
organization, indexing (e.g., B and B+ trees). Transactions and concurrency control.

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Section 10: Computer Networks
Concept of layering: OSI and TCP/IP Protocol Stacks; Basics of packet, circuit and virtual circuit-switching; Data
link layer: framing, error detection, Medium Access Control, Ethernet bridging; Routing protocols: shortest path,
ooding, distance vector and link state routing; Fragmentation and IP addressing, IPv4, CIDR notation, Basics of
IP support protocols (ARP, DHCP, ICMP), Network Address Translation (NAT); Transport layer: ow control and
congestion control, UDP, TCP, sockets; Application layer protocols: DNS, SMTP, HTTP, FTP, Email.

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CY Chemistry

Section 1: Physical Chemistry

Structure: Postulates of quantum mechanics. Operators. Time dependent and time independent Schr dinger
equations. Born interpretation. Dirac bra-ket notation. Particle in a box: in nite and nite square wells; concept
of tunnelling; particle in 1D, 2D and 3D-box; applications. Harmonic oscillator: harmonic and anharmonic
potentials; Hermite polynomials. Rotational motion: Angular momentum operators, Rigid rotor. Hydrogen and
hydrogen-like atoms: atomic orbitals; radial distribution function. Multi-electron atoms: orbital approximation;
electron spin; Pauli exclusion principle; slater determinants. Approximation Methods: Variation method and
secular determinants; rst order perturbation techniques. Atomic units. Molecular structure and Chemical
bonding: Born-Oppenheimer approximation; Valence bond theory and linear combination of atomic orbitals –
molecular orbital (LCAO-MO) theory. Hybrid orbitals. Applications of LCAO-MO theory to H2+, H2; orbital theory
(MOT) of homo- and heteronuclear diatomic molecules. H ckel approximation and its application to annular
π – electron systems.

Group theory: Symmetry elements and operations; Point groups and character tables; Internal coordinates and
vibrational modes; symmetry adapted linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO-MO); construction of hybrid
orbitals using symmetry aspects.

Spectroscopy: Atomic spectroscopy; Russell-Saunders coupling; Term symbols and spectral details; origin of
selection rules. Rotational, vibrational, electronic and Raman spectroscopy of diatomic and polyatomic
molecules. Line broadening. Einstein’s coe cients. Relationship of transition moment integral with molar
extinction coe cient and oscillator strength. Basic principles of nuclear magnetic resonance: gyromagnetic
ratio; chemical shift, nuclear coupling.

Equilibrium: Laws of thermodynamics. Standard states. Thermochemistry. Thermodynamic functions and their
relationships: Gibbs-Helmholtz and Maxwell relations, Gibbs-Duhem equation, van’t Ho equation. Criteria of
spontaneity and equilibrium. Absolute entropy. Partial molar quantities. Thermodynamics of mixing. Chemical
potential. Fugacity, activity and activity coe cients. Ideal and Non-ideal solutions, Raoult’s Law and Henry’s
Law, Chemical equilibria. Dependence of equilibrium constant on temperature and pressure. Ionic mobility and
conductivity. Debye-H ckel limiting law. Debye-H ckel-Onsager equation. Standard electrode potentials and
electrochemical cells. Nernst Equation and its application, relationship between Electrode potential and
thermodynamic quantities, Potentiometric and conduct metric titrations. Phase rule. Clausius- Clapeyron
equation. Phase diagram of one component systems: CO2, H2O, S; two component systems: liquid- vapour, liquid-
liquid and solid-liquid systems. Fractional distillation. Azeotropes and eutectics. Statistical thermodynamics:
micro canonical, canonical and grand canonical ensembles, Boltzmann distribution, partition functions and
thermodynamic properties.

Kinetics: Elementary, parallel, opposing and consecutive reactions. Steady state approximation. Mechanisms of
complex reactions. Unimolecular reactions. Potential energy surfaces and classical trajectories, Concept of
Saddle points, Transition state theory: Eyring equation, thermodynamic aspects. Kinetics of polymerization.
Catalysis concepts and enzyme catalysis. Kinetic isotope e ects. Fast reaction kinetics: relaxation and ow
methods. Di usion controlled reactions. Kinetics of photochemical and photo physical processes.

Surfaces and Interfaces: Physisorption and chemisorption. Langmuir, Freundlich and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller
(BET) isotherms. Surface catalysis: Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism. Surface tension, viscosity. Self-
assembly. Physical chemistry of colloids, micelles and macromolecules.

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Section 2: Inorganic Chemistry

Main Group Elements: Hydrides, halides, oxides, oxoacids, nitrides, sul des – shapes and reactivity. Structure
and bonding of boranes, carboranes, silicones, silicates, boron nitride, borazines and phosphazenes. Allotropes
of carbon, phosphorous and sulphur. Industrial synthesis of compounds of main group elements. Chemistry of
noble gases, pseudohalogens, and interhalogen compounds. Acid-base concepts and principles (Lewis,
Brønsted, HSAB and acid-base catalysis).

Transition Elements: Coordination chemistry – structure and isomerism, theories of bonding (VBT, CFT, and
MOT). Energy level diagrams in various crystal elds, CFSE, applications of CFT, Jahn-Teller distortion.
Electronic spectra of transition metal complexes: spectroscopic term symbols, selection rules, Orgel and
Tanabe-Sugano diagrams, nephelauxetic e ect and Racah parameter, charge-transfer spectra. Magnetic
properties of transition metal complexes. Ray-Dutt and Bailar twists, Reaction mechanisms: kinetic and
thermodynamic stability, substitution and redox reactions. Metal-metal multiple bond.

Lanthanides and Actinides: Recovery. Periodic properties, spectra and magnetic properties.

Organometallics: 18-Electron rule; metal-alkyl, metal-carbonyl, metal-ole n and metal- carbene complexes and
metallocenes. Fluxionality in organometallic complexes. Types of organometallic reactions. Homogeneous
catalysis - Hydrogenation, hydroformylation, acetic acid synthesis, metathesis and ole n oxidation.
Heterogeneous catalysis - Fischer- Tropsch reaction, Ziegler-Natta polymerization.

Radioactivity: Detection of radioactivity, Decay processes, half-life of radioactive elements, ssion and fusion
processes.

Bioinorganic Chemistry: Ion (Na+ and K+) transport, oxygen binding, transport and utilization, electron transfer
reactions, nitrogen xation, metalloenzymes containing magnesium, molybdenum, iron, cobalt, copper and zinc.

Solids: Crystal systems and lattices, Miller planes, crystal packing, crystal defects, Bragg’s law, ionic crystals,
structures of AX, AX2, ABX3 type compounds, spinels, band theory, metals and semiconductors.

Instrumental Methods of Analysis: UV-visible, uorescence and FTIR spectrophotometry, NMR and ESR
spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, atomic absorption spectroscopy, Mössbauer spectroscopy (Fe and Sn) and
X-ray crystallography. Chromatography including GC and HPLC. Electroanalytical methods- polarography, cyclic
voltammetry, ion-selective electrodes. Thermoanalytical methods.

Section 3: Organic Chemistry

Stereochemistry: Chirality and symmetry of organic molecules with or without chiral centres and determination
of their absolute con gurations. Relative stereochemistry in compounds having more than one stereogenic
centre. Homotopic, enantiotopic and diastereotopic atoms, groups and faces. Stereoselective and stereospeci c
synthesis. Conformational analysis of acyclic and cyclic compounds. Geometrical isomerism and optical
isomerism. Con gurational and conformational e ects, atropisomerism, and neighbouring group participation
on reactivity and selectivity/speci city.

Reaction Mechanisms: Basic mechanistic concepts – kinetic versus thermodynamic control, Hammond’s
postulate and Curtin-Hammett principle. Methods of determining reaction mechanisms through kinetics,
identi cation of products, intermediates and isotopic labelling. Linear free-energy relationship – Hammett and
Taft equations. Nucleophilic and electrophilic substitution reactions (both aromatic and aliphatic). Addition
reactions to carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom (N and O) multiple bonds. Elimination reactions. Reactive
intermediates — carbocations, carbanions, carbenes, nitrenes, arynes and free radicals. Molecular
rearrangements.

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Organic Synthesis: Synthesis, reactions, mechanisms and selectivity involving the following classes of
compounds – alkenes, alkynes, arenes, alcohols, phenols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, nitriles,
halides, nitro compounds, amines and amides. Uses of Mg, Li, Cu, B, Zn, P, S, Sn and Si based reagents in organic
synthesis. Carbon-carbon bond formation through coupling reactions - Heck, Suzuki, Stille, Sonogoshira,
Negishi, Kumada, Hiyama, Tsuji-Trost, ole n metathesis and McMurry. Concepts of multistep synthesis -
retrosynthetic analysis, strategic disconnections, synthons and synthetic equivalents. Atom economy and Green
Chemistry, Umpolung reactivity – formyl and acyl anion equivalents. Selectivity in organic synthesis – chemo-,
regio- and stereoselectivity. Protection and deprotection of functional groups. Concepts of asymmetric synthesis
– resolution (including enzymatic), desymmetrization and use of chiral auxiliaries, organocatalysis. Carbon-
carbon and carbon-heteroatom bond forming reactions through enolates (including boron enolates), enamines
and silyl enol ethers. Stereoselective addition to C=O groups (Cram, Prelog and Felkin-Anh models).

Pericyclic Reactions and Photochemistry: Electrocyclic, cycloaddition and sigmatropic reactions. Orbital
correlations - FMO and PMO treatments, Woodward-Ho mann rule. Photochemistry of alkenes, arenes and
carbonyl compounds. Photooxidation and photoreduction. Di-π-methane rearrangement, Barton-McCombie
reaction, Norrish type-I and II cleavage reaction.

Heterocyclic Compounds: Structure, preparation, properties and reactions of furan, pyrrole, thiophene, pyridine,
indole, quinoline and isoquinoline.

Biomolecules: Structure, properties and reactions of mono- and di-saccharides, physicochemical properties of
amino acids, chemical synthesis of peptides, chemical structure determination of peptides and proteins,
structural features of proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, steroids, terpenoids, carotenoids, and alkaloids.

Experimental Techniques in Organic Chemistry: Optical rotation (polarimetry). Applications of various
chromatographic techniques such as thin-layer, column, HPLC and GC. Applications of UV-visible, IR, NMR and
Mass spectrometry in the structural determination of organic molecules.

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DA Data Science and Arti cial Intelligence

Probability and Statistics: Counting (permutation and combinations), probability axioms, Sample space, events,
independent events, mutually exclusive events, marginal, conditional and joint probability, Bayes Theorem,
conditional expectation and variance, mean, median, mode and standard deviation, correlation, and covariance,
random variables, discrete random variables and probability mass functions, uniform, Bernoulli, binomial
distribution, Continuous random variables and probability distribution function, uniform, exponential, Poisson,
normal, standard normal, t-distribution, chi-squared distributions, cumulative distribution function, Conditional
PDF, Central limit theorem, con dence interval, z-test, t-test, chi-squared test.

Linear Algebra: Vector space, subspaces, linear dependence and independence of vectors, matrices, projection
matrix, orthogonal matrix, idempotent matrix, partition matrix and their properties, quadratic forms, systems of
linear equations and solutions; Gaussian elimination, eigenvalues and eigenvectors, determinant, rank, nullity,
projections, LU decomposition, singular value decomposition.

Calculus and Optimization: Functions of a single variable, limit, continuity and di erentiability, Taylor series,
maxima and minima, optimization involving a single variable.

Programming, Data Structures and Algorithms: Programming in Python, basic data structures: stacks, queues,
linked lists, trees, hash tables; Search algorithms: linear search and binary search, basic sorting algorithms:
selection sort, bubble sort and insertion sort; divide and conquer: mergesort, quicksort; introduction to graph
theory; basic graph algorithms: traversals and shortest path.

Database Management and Warehousing: ER-model, relational model: relational algebra, tuple calculus, SQL,
integrity constraints, normal form, le organization, indexing, data types, data transformation such as
normalization, discretization, sampling, compression; data warehouse modelling: schema for multidimensional
data models, concept hierarchies, measures: categorization and computations.

Machine Learning: (i) Supervised Learning: regression and classi cation problems, simple linear regression,
multiple linear regression, ridge regression, logistic regression, k-nearest neighbour, naive Bayes classi er,
linear discriminant analysis, support vector machine, decision trees, bias-variance trade-o , cross-validation
methods such as leave-one-out (LOO) cross-validation, k-folds cross-validation, multi-layer perceptron, feed-
forward neural network; (ii) Unsupervised Learning: clustering algorithms, k-means/k-medoid, hierarchical
clustering, top-down, bottom-up: single-linkage, multiple-linkage, dimensionality reduction, principal
component analysis.

AI: Search: informed, uninformed, adversarial; logic, propositional, predicate; reasoning under uncertainty
topics — conditional independence representation, exact inference through variable elimination, and
approximate inference through sampling.

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EC Electronics and Communication Engineering

Section 1: Engineering Mathematics
Linear Algebra: Vector space, basis, linear dependence and independence, matrix algebra, eigen values and
eigen vectors, rank, solution of linear equations - existence and uniqueness.

Calculus: Mean value theorems, theorems of integral calculus, evaluation of de nite and improper integrals,
partial derivatives, maxima and minima, multiple integrals, line, surface and volume integrals, Taylor series.

Di erential Equations: First order equations (linear and nonlinear), higher order linear di erential equations,
Cauchy's and Euler's equations, methods of solution using variation of parameters, complementary function and
particular integral, partial di erential equations, variable separable method, initial and boundary value
problems.

Vector Analysis: Vectors in plane and space, vector operations, gradient, divergence and curl, Gauss's, Green's
and Stokes’ theorems.

Complex Analysis: Analytic functions, Cauchy’s integral theorem, Cauchy’s integral formula, sequences, series,
convergence tests, Taylor and Laurent series, residue theorem.

Probability and Statistics: Mean, median, mode, standard deviation, combinatorial probability, probability
distributions, binomial distribution, Poisson distribution, exponential distribution, normal distribution, joint and
conditional probability.

Section 2: Networks, Signals and Systems
Circuit Analysis: Node and mesh analysis, superposition, Thevenin's theorem, Norton’s theorem, reciprocity.
Sinusoidal steady state analysis: phasors, complex power, maximum power transfer. Time and frequency
domain analysis of linear circuits: RL, RC and RLC circuits, solution of network equations using Laplace
transform.

Linear 2-port network parameters, wye-delta transformation.

Continuous-time Signals: Fourier series and Fourier transform, sampling theorem and applications.

Discrete-time Signals: DTFT, DFT, z-transform, discrete-time processing of continuous-time signals. LTI
systems: de nition and properties, causality, stability, impulse response, convolution, poles and zeroes,
frequency response, group delay, phase delay.

Section 3: Electronic Devices
Energy bands in intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, equilibrium carrier concentration, direct and indirect
band-gap semiconductors.

Carrier Transport: Di usion current, drift current, mobility and resistivity, generation and recombination of
carriers, Poisson and continuity equations.

P-N junction, Zener diode, BJT, MOS capacitor, MOSFET, LED, photo diode and solar cell.

Section 4: Analog Circuits
Diode Circuits: Clipping, clamping and recti ers.

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BJT and MOSFET Ampli ers: Biasing, AC coupling, small signal analysis, frequency response. Current mirrors
and di erential ampli ers.

Op-amp Circuits: Ampli ers, summers, di erentiators, integrators, active lters, Schmitt triggers and
oscillators.

Section 5: Digital Circuits
Number Representations: Binary, integer and oating-point- numbers. Combinatorial circuits: Boolean algebra,
minimization of functions using Boolean identities and Karnaugh map, logic gates and their static CMOS
implementations, arithmetic circuits, code converters, multiplexers, decoders.

Sequential Circuits: Latches and ip- ops, counters, shift-registers, nite state machines, propagation delay,
setup and hold time, critical path delay.

Data Converters: Sample and hold circuits, ADCs and DACs.

Semiconductor Memories: ROM, SRAM, DRAM.

Computer Organization: Machine instructions and addressing modes, ALU, data-path and control unit,
instruction pipelining.

Section 6: Control Systems
Basic control system components; Feedback principle; Transfer function; Block diagram representation; Signal
ow graph; Transient and steady-state analysis of LTI systems; Frequency response; Routh-Hurwitz and Nyquist
stability criteria; Bode and root-locus plots; Lag, lead and lag-lead compensation; State variable model and
solution of state equation of LTI systems.

Section 7: Communications
Random Processes: Auto correlation and power spectral density, properties of white noise, ltering of random
signals through LTI systems.

Analog Communications: Amplitude modulation and demodulation, angle modulation and demodulation, spectra
of AM and FM, super heterodyne receivers.

Information Theory: Entropy, mutual information and channel capacity theorem.

Digital Communications: PCM, DPCM, digital modulation schemes (ASK, PSK, FSK, QAM), bandwidth, inter-
symbol interference, MAP, ML detection, matched lter receiver, SNR and BER. Fundamentals of error
correction, Hamming codes, CRC.

Section 8: Electromagnetics
Maxwell's Equations: Di erential and integral forms and their interpretation, boundary conditions, wave
equation, Poynting vector.

Plane Waves and Properties: Re ection and refraction, polarization, phase and group velocity, propagation
through various media, skin depth.

Transmission Lines: Equations, characteristic impedance, impedance matching, impedance transformation,
S-parameters, Smith chart. Rectangular and circular waveguides, light propagation in optical bers, dipole and
monopole antennas, linear antenna arrays.

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EE Electrical Engineering

Section 1: Engineering Mathematics
Linear Algebra: Matrix Algebra, Systems of linear equations, Eigen values, Eigen vectors.

Calculus: Mean value theorems, Theorems of integral calculus, Evaluation of de nite and improper integrals,
Partial Derivatives, Maxima and minima, Multiple integrals, Fourier series, Vector identities, Directional
derivatives, Line integral, Surface integral, Volume integral, Stokes’s theorem, Gauss’s theorem, Divergence
theorem, Green’s theorem.

Di erential Equations: First order equations (linear and nonlinear), Higher order linear di erential equations
with constant coe cients, Method of variation of parameters, Cauchy’s equation, Euler’s equation, Initial and
boundary value problems, Partial Di erential Equations, Method of separation of variables.

Complex Variables: Analytic functions, Cauchy’s integral theorem, Cauchy’s integral formula, Taylor series,
Laurent series, Residue theorem, Solution integrals.

Probability and Statistics: Sampling theorems, Conditional probability, Mean, Median, Mode, Standard Deviation,
Random variables, Discrete and Continuous distributions, Poisson distribution, Normal distribution, Binomial
distribution, Correlation analysis, Regression analysis.

Section 2: Electric circuits
Network Elements: Ideal voltage and current sources, dependent sources, R, L, C, M elements; Network solution
methods: KCL, KVL, Node and Mesh analysis; Network Theorems: Thevenin’s, Norton’s, Superposition and
Maximum Power Transfer theorem; Transient response of DC and AC networks, sinusoidal steady-state
analysis, resonance, two port networks, balanced three phase circuits, star-delta transformation, complex
power and power factor in AC circuits.

Section 3: Electromagnetic Fields
Coulomb's Law, Electric Field Intensity, Electric Flux Density, Gauss's Law, Divergence, Electric eld and
potential due to point, line, plane and spherical charge distributions, E ect of dielectric medium, Capacitance of
simple con gurations, Biot Savart’s law, Ampere’s law, Curl, Faraday’s law, Lorentz force, Inductance,
Magnetomotive force, Reluctance, Magnetic circuits, Self and Mutual inductance of simple con gurations.

Section 4: Signals and Systems
Representation of continuous and discrete time signals, shifting and scaling properties, linear time invariant
and causal systems, Fourier series representation of continuous and discrete time periodic signals, sampling
theorem, Applications of Fourier Transform for continuous and discrete time signals, Laplace Transform and Z
transform. R.M.S. value, average value calculation for any general periodic waveform.

Section 5: Electrical Machines
Single phase transformer: equivalent circuit, phasor diagram, open circuit and short circuit tests, regulation and
e ciency; Three-phase transformers: connections, vector groups, parallel operation; Auto-transformer,
Electromechanical energy conversion principles; DC machines: separately excited, series and shunt, motoring
and generating mode of operation and their characteristics, speed control of dc motors; Three-phase induction
machines: principle of operation, types, performance, torque-speed characteristics, no-load and blocked-rotor
tests, equivalent circuit, starting and speed control; Operating principle of single-phase induction motors;
Synchronous machines: cylindrical and salient pole machines, performance and characteristics, regulation and
parallel operation of generators, starting of synchronous motors; Types of losses and e ciency calculations of
electric machines.

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Section 6: Power Systems
Basic concepts of electrical power generation, AC and DC transmission concepts, Models and performance of
transmission lines and cables, Economic Load Dispatch (with and without considering transmission losses),
Series and shunt compensation, Electric eld distribution and insulators, Distribution systems, Per unit
quantities, Bus admittance matrix, Gauss- Seidel and Newton-Raphson load ow methods, Voltage and
Frequency control, Power factor correction, Symmetrical components, Symmetrical and unsymmetrical fault
analysis, Principles of over current, di erential, directional and distance protection; Circuit breakers, System
stability concepts, Equal area criterion.

Section 7: Control Systems
Mathematical modelling and representation of systems, Feedback principle, transfer function, Block diagrams
and Signal ow graphs, Transient and Steady state analysis of linear time invariant systems, Stability analysis
using Routh-Hurwitz and Nyquist criteria, Bode plots, Root loci, Lag, Lead and Lead Lag compensators; P, PI and
PID controllers; State space model, Solution of state equations of LTI systems.

Section 8: Electrical and Electronic Measurements
Bridges and Potentiometers, Measurement of voltage, current, power, energy and power factor; Instrument
transformers, Digital voltmeters and multi-meters, Phase, Time and Frequency measurement; Oscilloscopes,
Error analysis.

Section 9: Analog and Digital Electronics
Simple diode circuits: clipping, clamping, recti ers; Ampli ers: biasing, equivalent circuit and frequency
response; oscillators and feedback ampli ers; operational ampli ers: characteristics and applications; single
stage active lters, Active Filters: Sallen Key, Butterwoth, VCOs and timers, combinatorial and sequential logic
circuits, multiplexers, demultiplexers, Schmitt triggers, sample and hold circuits, A/D and D/A converters.

Section 10: Power Electronics
Static V-I characteristics and ring/gating circuits for Thyristor, MOSFET, IGBT; DC to DC conversion: Buck, Boost
and Buck-Boost Converters; Single and three-phase con guration of uncontrolled recti ers; Voltage and Current
commutated Thyristor based converters; Bidirectional ac to dc voltage source converters; Magnitude and Phase
of line current harmonics for uncontrolled and thyristor based converters; Power factor and Distortion Factor of
AC to DC converters; Single-phase and three-phase voltage and current source inverters, sinusoidal pulse width
modulation.

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ES Environmental Science and Engineering

Section 1: Mathematics Foundation
Linear Algebra: Determinants and matrices, Systems of linear equations, Eigenvalues and eigenvectors.

Calculus: Functions, Limit, Continuity, Di erentiability, Local maxima and minima, Taylor series, Tests for
convergence, De nite and inde nite integrals, Application of de nite integral to obtain area and volume, Partial
and total derivatives.

Di erential Equations: Linear and non-linear rst order ordinary di erential equations (ODE), Higher order
linear ODEs with constant coe cients, Cauchy’s and Euler’s equations, Laplace transform and its application in
solving linear ODEs.

Probability and Statistics: Descriptive statistics, Measurement of central tendency, Dispersion, Skewness and
kurtosis, Probability concepts, Conditional probability, Bayes theorem, Risk and reliability, Probability
distributions, Correlation, Single and multiple regression models, Hypothesis testing (t-test, F-test, chi-square
test).

Section 2: Environmental Chemistry
Fundamentals of Environmental Chemistry: Covalent and ionic bonding; Chemical equations, concentration and
activity; Structure and chemistry of organic molecules; Radioactivity of elements; Chemical equilibria;
Thermodynamics and kinetics of chemical reactions.

Principles of Water Chemistry: Water quality parameters and their measurement; Acid-base equilibria; Bu er
solution; Carbonate system; Solubility of gases in water; Complexation, precipitation, and redox reactions;
Inorganic and organic contaminants in water and their speciation.

Soil Chemistry: Organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, cation exchange capacity, base saturation,
and sodium absorption ratio.

Atmospheric Chemistry: Composition of the atmosphere; Reactivity of trace substances in the atmosphere;
Urban atmosphere—smog and particulate pollution; Chemistry of ozone formation; Chemistry of stratosphere.

Section 3: Environmental Microbiology
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Microorganisms: Characteristics of diverse groups of microorganisms; Classi cation
of microorganisms; Microbial diversity; Plant-microbe and soil-microbe interactions; Role of microorganisms in
wastewater treatment, bioremediation and biogeochemical cycling.

Cell Chemistry and Cell Biology: Structure of proteins, nucleic acid (DNA & RNA), lipids and polysaccharides;
Bonds in biomolecules; Stereoisomerism in biomolecules; Structure of cell; Structure and function of
cytoplasmic membrane, cell wall, outer membrane, glycocalyx, chromosomes, endospores, storage products,
mitochondria and chloroplasts.

Microbial Metabolism: Anabolism and catabolism; Phosphorylation; Glycolysis; TCA cycle; Electron transport
chain; Fermentation; Anaerobic respiration; Energy balances; Enzymes and Enzyme kinetics.

Growth and Control of Microorganisms: Bacterial nutrition and growth; Speci c growth rate and doubling time;
Monod’s model; Types of culture media; Batch and continuous culture; E ects of environmental factors on
growth; Control of microbes using physical and chemical methods.

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Microbiology and Health: Pathogens and modes of transmission; Indicator organisms; Quanti cation of
coliforms using MPN and membrane ltration techniques.

Section 4: Water Resources and Environmental Hydraulics
Global Water Resources: Structure, properties and distribution of water; Water quality; Threats to water
resources; Water conservation.

Surface Water Resources: Hydrological cycle and water balance - precipitation, in ltration, evapotranspiration,
runo ; Flow hydrographs; Unit hydrographs; Stage-discharge relationship; Reservoir capacity; Reservoir and
channel routing; Surface run-o models; Surface water management; Rain water harvesting and storage.

Groundwater Resources: Geologic formations as aquifers; Vadose and saturated zones; Con ned and
uncon ned aquifers and their parameters - porosity, permeability, transmissivity and storage coe cient;
Darcy’s law and applications; Steady state well hydraulics.

Environmental Hydraulics: Concepts of mechanics; Properties of uids; Pressure measurement; Hydrostatic
force on surfaces; Buoyancy and otation; Laminar and turbulent ow; Flow through pipes; Pipe networks;
Boundary layer theory; Forces on immersed bodies; Flow measurement in channels and pipes; Kinematics of
ow; Continuity, momentum and energy equations; Channel hydraulics - speci c energy, critical ow, hydraulic
jump, rapid and gradually varied ow; Design of lined and unlined channels.

Section 5: Water & Wastewater Treatment and Management
Water and wastewater quality parameters; Eutrophication and thermal strati cation in lakes; River pollution -
Oxygen sag curve.

Water treatment methods — screening, sedimentation with and without coagulation, ltration, desalination,
disinfection; Water distribution and storage

Point and non-point sources of wastewater; Population forecasting methods; Design of sewer and storm water
sewers; Sewer appurtenances; Preliminary, primary, secondary and tertiary sewage treatment; Sludge
generation, processing and disposal methods; Sewage farming.

Sources and characteristics of industrial e uents; Concept of Common E uent Treatment Plants (CETP);
Wastewater recycling and zero liquid discharge.

Kinetics and reactor design: Mass and energy balance, Order and rate of reactions, Batch reactors, Completely
mixed ow reactors, Plug ow reactors.

Section 6: Air and Noise Pollution
Structure of the atmosphere; Natural and anthropogenic sources of pollution; Atmospheric sources, sinks,
transport; Indoor air pollution; E ects on health and environment; Air pollution: gases and particulate matter;
Air quality standards; Primary and secondary pollutants; Criteria pollutants, ambient and source standards, air
quality indices, visibility.

Particulate Pollutants: Measurement and control methods; Control of particulate air pollutants using
gravitational settling chambers, cyclone separators, wet collectors, fabric lters (Bag-house lter), electrostatic
precipitators (ESP).

Gaseous Pollutants: Measurement and control methods; Control of gaseous contaminants: absorption,
adsorption, condensation and combustion; Control of sulphur oxides, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and

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hydrocarbons; Vapour-liquid and vapour-solid equilibria; Di usion, Fick’s law and interfacial mass transfer.
Automotive emission controls, fuel quality, diesel particulate lters, catalytic convertors.

Air Quality Management: Point, line and area sources; Inventory; In uence of meteorology - wind rose diagrams,
stability, mixing height, topography, dispersion modelling, monitoring.

Noise Pollution: Sources; Health e ects; Standards; Measurement and control methods.

Section 7: Solid and Hazardous Waste Management
Integrated solid waste management; Waste hierarchy; Rules and regulations for solid waste management in
India.

Municipal solid waste management: Sources, generation, characteristics, collection and transportation, waste
processing and disposal (including reuse options, biological methods, energy recovery processes and
land lling).

Hazardous waste management: Characteristics, generation, fate of materials in the environment, treatment and
disposal. Soil contamination and leaching of contaminants into groundwater.

Management of biomedical waste, plastic waste and E-waste: Sources, generation and characteristics; Waste
management practices including storage, collection and transfer.

Section 8: Global and Regional Environmental Issues
Global e ects of air pollution: Greenhouse gases, global warming, climate change, urban heat islands, acid rain,
ozone hole.

Ecology and various ecosystems; Biodiversity; Factors in uencing increase in population, energy consumption,
and environmental degradation.

Section 9: Environmental Management and Sustainable Development
Environmental Management Systems; ISO14000 series; Environmental Auditing: Environmental Impact
Assessment; Life cycle assessment; Human health risk assessment.

Environmental Law and Policy: Objectives; Polluter pays principle, Precautionary principle; The Water and Air
Acts with amendments; The Environment (Protection) Act (EPA) 1986; National Green Tribunal Act, 2010;
National Environment Policy; Principles of International Law and International treaties.

Energy and Environment: Energy Sources: Overview of resources and reserves; Renewable and non-renewable
energy sources; Energy-Environment nexus.

Sustainable Development: De nition and concepts of sustainable development; Sustainable development goals;
Hurdles to sustainability; Environment and economics.

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EY Ecology and Evolution

Section 1: Ecology
Fundamental Concepts: Abiotic and biotic components; scales (population, species, community, ecosystems,
biomes); niches and habitats.
Population Ecology: Population growth rates (density dependent/independent); meta population ecology
(colonization, persistence, extinction, patches, sources, sinks); age-structured populations.
Interactions: Types (mutualism, symbiosis, commensalism, competition, parasitism, predation, etc);
ecophysiology (physiological adaptations to abiotic environment); prey-predator interactions (Lotka-Voltera
equation, etc.)
Community Ecology: Community assembly, organization and succession; species richness, evenness and
diversity indices, species-area relationships; theory of island biogeography
Ecosystems Structure and Function: Trophic levels and their interactions; nutrient cycles; primary and
secondary productivity

Section 2: Evolution

History of Evolutionary Thought: Lamarckism; Darwinism; Modern Synthesis
Fundamentals: Variation; heritability; natural selection; tness and adaptation; types of selection (stabilizing,
directional, disruptive)
Diversity of Life: Origin and history of life on earth; diversity and classi cation of life; systems of classi cation
(cladistics and phenetics)
Life History Strategies: Allocation of resources; tradeo s; r/K selection; semelparity and iteroparity
Interactions: Co-evolution (co-adaptations, arms race, Red Queen hypothesis, co-speciation); prey-predator
interactions (mimicry, crypsis, etc)
Population and Quantitative Genetics: Origins of genetic variation; Mendelian genetics; Hardy-Weinberg
equilibrium; drift; selection (one-locus two-alleles model); population genetic structure (panmixia, gene ow,
FST); polygenic traits; gene-environment interactions (phenotypic plasticity); heritability
Molecular Evolution and Phylogenetics: Neutral theory; molecular clocks; rates of evolution; phylogenetic
reconstruction; molecular systematics
Macroevolution: Species concepts and speciation; adaptive radiation; convergence; biogeography

Section 3: Mathematics and Quantitative Ecology
Mathematics and Statistics in Ecology: Simple functions (linear, quadratic, exponential, logarithmic, etc); concept
of derivatives and slope of a function; permutations and combinations; basic probability (probability of random
events; sequences of events, etc); frequency distributions and their descriptive statistics (mean, variance,
coe cient of variation, correlation, etc).
Statistical Hypothesis Testing: Concept of p-value; Type I and Type II error, test statistics like t-test and Chi-
square test; basics of linear regression and ANOVA.

Section 4: Behavioural Ecology
Classical Ethology: Instinct; xed action patters; imprinting; learnt behavior; proximate and ultimate questions.
Sensory Ecology: Neuroethology; communication (chemical, acoustic and visual signaling); recognition systems.
Foraging Ecology: Foraging behaviour; optimal foraging theory.
Reproduction: Cost of sex; sexual dimorphism; mate choice; sexual selection (runaway selection, good-genes,
handicap principle, etc); sexual con ict; mating systems; parental care.
Social Living: Costs and bene ts of group-living (including responses to predators); e ect of competition
(scramble and contest) on group formation; dominance relationships; eusociality; kin selection; altruism;
reciprocity; human behaviour.

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Section 5: Applied Ecology & Evolution
Biodiversity and Conservation: Importance of conserving biodiversity; ecosystem services; threats to
biodiversity; invasive species; in-situ conservation (endemism, biodiversity hotspots, protected areas); ex-situ
conservation; conservation genetics (genetic diversity, inbreeding depression); DNA ngerprinting and DNA
barcoding.
Disease Ecology and Evolution: Epidemiology; zoonotic diseases; antibiotic resistance; vector Control Plant and
animal breeding: Marker assisted breeding; genetic basis of economically important traits.
Global Climate Change: Causes; consequences; mitigation.

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GE Geomatics Engineering

Part-A (Common): Engineering Mathematics and Basic Geomatics
Engineering Mathematics: Surveying measurements, Accuracy, Precision, Most probable value, Errors and their
adjustments, Regression analysis, Correlation coe cient, Least square adjustment, Statistical signi cant value,
Chi square test.

Remote Sensing: Basic concept, Electromagnetic spectrum, Spectral signature, Resolutions-Spectral. Spatial,
Temporal and Radiometric, Platforms and Sensors, Remote Sensing Data Products - PAN, Multispectral,
Microwave, Thermal, Hyperspectral, Visual and digital interpretation methods
GNSS: Principle used, Components of GNSS, Data collection methods, DGPS, Errors in observations and
corrections.
GIS: Introduction, Data Sources, Data Models and Data Structures, Algorithms, DBMS, Creation of Databases
(spatial and non-spatial), Spatial analysis - Interpolation, Bu er, Overlay, Terrain Modeling and Network
analysis.

Part-B1: Surveying and Mapping
Maps: Importance of maps to engineering projects, Types of maps, Scales and uses, Plotting accuracy, Map
sheet numbering, Coordinate systems- Cartesian and geographical, map projections, map datum – MSL, Geoid,
spheroid, WGS-84.

Land Surveying: Various Levels, Levelling methods, Compass, Theodolite and Total Station and their uses,
Tachometer, Trigonometric levelling, Traversing, Triangulation and Trilateration.
Aerial Photogrammetry: Types of photographs, Flying height and scale, Relief (height) displacement,
Stereoscopy, 3-D Model, Height determination using Parallax Bar, Digital Elevation Model (DEM), Slope.

Part-B2: Image Processing and Analysis
Data Quantization and Processing: Sampling and quantization theory, Principle of Linear System, Convolution,
Continuous and Discrete Fourier Transform.

Digital Image Processing: Digital image characteristics: image histogram and scattergram and their
signi cance, Variance-Covariance matrix, Correlation matrix and their signi cance.
Radiometric and Geometric Corrections: Registration and Resampling techniques.
Image Enhancement: Contrast Enhancement: Linear and Non-linear methods; Spatial Enhancement: Noise and
Spatial lters
Image Transformation: Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Discriminant Analysis, Colour transformations (RGB
- IHS, CMYK), Indices (Ratios, NDVI, NDWI).
Image Segmentation and Classi cation: Simple techniques.

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GG Geology and Geophysics

Part-A: Common Section

Earth and planetary system – terrestrial planets and moons of the solar system; size, shape, internal structure
and composition of the earth; concept of isostasy; elements of seismology – body and surface waves,
propagation of body waves in the earth’s interior; Heat ow within the earth; Gravitational eld of the Earth;
geomagnetism and paleomagnetism; continental drift; plate tectonics – relationship with earthquakes,
volcanism and mountain building; continental and oceanic crust – composition, structure and thickness.

Weathering and soil formation; landforms created by river, wind, glacier, ocean and volcanoes.

Basic structural geology - stress, strain and material response; brittle and ductile deformation; nomenclature
and classi cation of folds and faults.

Crystallography – basic crystal symmetry and concept of point groups. Mineralogy – silicate crystal structure
and determinative mineralogy of common rock forming minerals.

Petrology of common igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks.

Geological time scale; Geochronology and absolute time. Stratigraphic principles; major stratigraphic divisions
of India.

Mineral, coal and petroleum resources of India.

Introduction to remote sensing.

Engineering properties of rocks and soils.

Elements of hydrogeology.

Principles and applications of gravity, magnetic, electrical, electromagnetic, seismic and radiometric methods of
prospecting for oil, mineral and ground water; introductory well logging.

Part-B1: Geology
Geomorphology: Geomorphic processes and agents; development and evolution of landforms in continental and
oceanic settings; tectonic geomorphology.

Structural Geology: Forces and mechanism of rock deformation; primary and secondary structures; geometry
and genesis of planar and linear structures (bedding, cleavage, schistosity, lineation); folds, faults, joints and
unconformities; Stereographic projection; shear zones, thrusts and superposed folding; basement-cover
relationship. Interpretation of geological maps.

Crystallography and Mineralogy: Elements of crystal symmetry, form and twinning; crystallographic projection;
crystal chemistry; classi cation of minerals, physical and optical properties of rock- forming minerals.

Geochemistry: Cosmic abundance of elements; meteorites; geochemical evolution of the earth; geochemical
cycles; distribution of major, minor and trace elements in crust and mantle; elements of high temperature and
low temperature geochemical thermodynamics; isotopic evolution of the crust and the mantle, mantle
reservoirs; geochemistry of water and water-rock interaction.

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Igneous Petrology: Classi cation, forms, textures and genesis of common igneous rocks; magmatic
di erentiation; binary and ternary phase diagrams; major and trace elements as monitors of partial melting and
magma evolutionary processes. Mantle plumes, hotspots and large igneous provinces.

Sedimentology: Texture, structure and sedimentary processes; petrology of common sedimentary rocks;
Sedimentary facies and environments, cyclicities in sedimentary succession; provencance and basin analysis.
Important sedimentary basins of India.

Metamorphic Petrology: Structures and textures of metamorphic rocks. Physico-chemical conditions of
metamorphism and concept of metamorphic facies, grade and baric types; chemographic projections;
metamorphism of pelitic, ma c and impure carbonate rocks; role of bulk composition including uids in
metamorphism; thermobarometry and metamorphic P-T-t paths, and their tectonic signi cance.

Paleobiology: Diversity of life through time, mass extinctions- causes and e ects; taphonomy - processes of
fossilization. Taxonomy. Morphology and functional morphology of invertebrates (bivalves, brachiopods,
gastropods, echinoids, ammonites); microfossils (foraminifera, ostracoda, conodonts, bryozoa); Vertebrate
paleonology (Equus, Probicidea, Human); Paleobotany (plant, spores, pollens). Basic concepts of ecology/
paleoecology; classi cation - ecological and taxonomic schemes (diversity and richness). Fossils and
paleoenvironments.

Stratigraphy: Principles of stratigraphy and concepts of correlation; Lithostratigraphy, biostratigraphy and
chronostratigraphy. Principles of sequence stratigraphy and applications. Stratigraphy of peninsular and extra-
peninsular India. Boundary problems in Indian stratigraphy.

Resource Geology: Ore-mineralogy; ore forming processes vis-à-vis ore-rock association (magmatic,
hydrothermal, sedimentary, supergene and metamorphogenic ores); uid inclusions as ore genetic tools. Coal
and petroleum geology; marine mineral resources. Prospecting and exploration of economic mineral deposits -
sampling, ore reserve estimation, geostatistics, mining methods. Ore dressing and mineral economics.
Distribution of mineral, fossil and nuclear fuel deposits in India.

Global Tectonics: Plate motions, driving mechanisms, plate boundaries, supercontinent cycles.

Applied Geology: Physico-mechanical properties of rocks and soils; rock index tests; Rock failure criteria (Mohr-
Coulomb, Gri th and Hoek-Brown criteria); shear strength of rock discontinuities; rock mass classi cations
(RMR and Q Systems); in-situ stresses; rocks as construction materials; geological factors in the construction of
engineering structures including dams, tunnels and excavation sites. Analysis of slope stability.

Natural hazards (landslide, volcanic, seismogenic, coastal) and mitigation. Principles of climate change.

Hydrogeology: Groundwater ow and exploration, well hydraulics and water quality.

Basic Principles of Remote Sensing: energy sources and radiation principles, atmospheric absorption,
interaction of energy with earth’s surface, aerial-photo interpretation, multispectral remote sensing in visible,
infrared, thermal IR and microwave regions, digital processing of satellite images. GIS – basic concepts, raster
and vector mode operations.

Part-B2: Geophysics
Soild-Earth Geophysics: The earth as a planet; di erent motions of the earth; gravity eld of the earth, Clairaut’s
theorem, size and shape of earth; geomagnetic eld, paleomagnetism; Geothermics and heat ow; seismology
and interior of the earth; variation of density, velocity, pressure, temperature, electrical and magnetic properties
of the earth.

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Geodesy: Gravitational Field of the Earth; Geoid; Ellipsoid; Geodetic Reference Systems; Datum; Everest (1830)
and WGS 84 (1984) systems; GPS and DGPS; Levelling and Surveying.

Earthquake Seismology: Elements of elasticity theory- stress and strain tensors, Generalized Hooke’s Law;
Body and Surface Waves; Rotational, dilatational, irrorational and equivolumnal waves. Re ection and refraction
of elastic waves; Inhomogenous and evanescent waves and bounded waves; Eikonal Equation and Ray theory;
earthquakes-causes and measurements, magnitude and intensity, focal mechanisms; earthquake quanti cation,
source characteristics, seismotectonics and seismic hazards; digital seismographs, Earthquake statistics, wave
propogation in elastic media, quantifying earthquake source from seismological data. Elements of Seismic
Tomography.

Potential and Time Varying Fields: Scalar and vector potential elds; Laplace, Maxwell and Helmholtz equations
for solution of di erent types of boundary value problems in Cartesian, cylindrical and spherical polar
coordinates; Green’s theorem; Image theory; integral equations in potential and time-varying eld theory.

Gravity Methods: Absolute and relative gravity measurements; Gravimeters; Land, airborne, shipborne and
bore-hole gravity surveys; Tensorial Gravity sensors and surveys; various corrections for gravity data reduction
– free air, Bouguer and isostatic anomalies; density estimates of rocks; regional and residual gravity separation;
principle of equivalent stratum; data enhancement techniques, upward and downward continuation; derivative
maps, wavelength ltering; preparation and analysis of gravity maps; gravity anomalies and their interpretation
– anomalies due to geometrical and irregular shaped bodies, depth rules, calculation of mass.

Magnetic Methods: Elements of Earth’s magnetic eld, units of measurement, magnetic susceptibility of rocks
and measurements, magnetometers and magnetic gradiometers, Land, airborne and marine magnetic and
magnetic gradiometer surveys, Various corrections applied to magnetic data, IGRF, Reduction to Pole
transformation, Poisson’s relation of gravity and magnetic potential eld, preparation of magnetic maps,
upward and downward continuation, magnetic anomalies due to geometrical and irregular shaped bodies;
Image processing concepts in processing of magnetic anomaly maps; Depth rules; Interpretation of processed
magnetic anomaly data; derivative, analytic signal and Euler Depth Solutions. Applications of gravity and
magnetic methods for mineral and oil exploration.

Electrical Methods: Conduction of electricity through rocks, electrical conductivities of metals, non- metals, rock
forming minerals and di erent rocks, concepts of D.C. resistivity measurement and depth of investigation;
Apparent Resistivity and Apparent Chargeability, Concept of Negative Apparent Resistivity and Negative
Apparent Chargeability; Theory of Reciprocity, Sounding and Pro ling, Various electrode arrangements,
application of linear lter theory, Sounding curves over multi-layered earth, Dar-Zarrouk parameters, reduction
of layers, Triangle of anisotropy, interpretation of resistivity eld data, Principles of equivalence and
suppression, self-potential method and its origin; Electrical Resitivity Tomography (ERT); Induced polarization,
time and frequency domain IP measurements; interpretation and applications of SP, resistivity and IP data
sets for ground-water exploration, mineral exploration, environmental and engineering applications.

Electromagnetic Methods: Geo-electromagnetic spectrum; Biot Savart’s Law; Maxwell’s Equation, Helmotz
Equation, Basic concept of EM induction in the earth, Skin-depth, elliptic polarization, in-phase and quadrature
components, phasor diagrams; Response function and response parameters; Ground and Airborne Methods,
measurements in di erent source-receiver con gurations; Earth’s natural electromagnetic methods-tellurics,
geomagnetic depth sounding and magnetotellurics; Electromagnetic pro ling and Sounding, Time domain EM
method; EM scale modelling, processing of EM data and interpretation; Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR)
Methods; E ect of conducting overburden; Geological applications including groundwater, mineral
environmental and hydrocarbon exploration.

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Seismic Methods: Elastic properties of earth materials; Re ection, refraction and CDP surveys; land and marine
seismic sources, generation and propagation of elastic waves, velocity – depth models, geophones,
hydrophones, digital recording systems, digital formats, eld layouts, seismic noise and noise pro le analysis,
optimum geophone grouping, noise cancellation by shot and geophone arrays, 2D, 3D and 4D seismic data
acquisition, processing and interpretation; CDP stacking charts, binning, ltering, static and dynamic
corrections, Digital seismic data processing, seismic deconvolution and migration methods, attribute analysis,
bright and dim spots, seismic stratigraphy, high resolution seismics, VSP, AVO, multi-component seismics and
seismic interferometry.

Reservoir Geophysics: Rock Physics and Petrophysics. Geophysical Survey Design.

Geophysical Signal Processing: Sampling theorem, Nyquist frequency, aliasing, Fourier series, periodic
waveform, Fourier and Hilbert transform, Z-transform and wavelet transform; power spectrum, delta function,
auto correlation, cross correlation, convolution, deconvolution, principles of digital lters, windows, poles and
zeros.

Geophysical Well Logging: Principles and techniques of geophysical well-logging, SP, resistivity, induction,
gamma ray, neutron, density, sonic, temperature, dip meter, caliper, nuclear magnetic resonance- longitudinal
and transverse relaxation, CPMG sequence, porosity characterization, cement bond logging, micro-logs. Pulsed
Neutron Devices and Spectroscopy Multi-Array and Triaxial Induction Devices; Quantitative evaluation of
formations from well logs; Logging while drilling; High angle and horizontal wells; Clay Quantification; Lithology
and Porosity Estimation; Saturation and Permeability Estimation; application of bore hole geophysics in ground
water, mineral and oil exploration.

Radioactive Methods: Prospecting and assaying of mineral (radioactive and non-radioactive) deposits, half-life,
decay constant, radioactive equilibrium, G M counter, scintillation detector, semiconductor devices, application of
radiometric for exploration, assaying and radioactive waste disposal.

Geophysical Inversion: Basic concepts of forward and inverse problems, Ill-posedness of inverse problems,
condition number, non-uniqueness and stability of solutions; L1, L2 and Lp norms, over determined,
underdetermined and mixed determined inverse problems, quasi-linear and non-linear methods including
Tikhonov’s regularization method, Singular Value Decomposition, Backus-Gilbert method, simulated annealing,
genetic algorithms, swarm intelligence, machine learning and arti cial neural networks. Statistics of mis t and
likelihood, Bayesian construction of posterior probabilities, sparsity promoting L1 optimization. Ambiguity and
uncertainty in geophysical interpretation.

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IN Instrumentation Engineering

Section 1: Engineering Mathematics

Linear Algebra: Matrix algebra, systems of linear equations, consistency and rank, Eigenvalue and Eigenvectors.

Calculus: Mean value theorems, theorems of integral calculus, partial derivatives, maxima and minima, multiple
integrals, Fourier series, vector identities, line, surface and volume integrals, Stokes, Gauss and Green’s
theorems.

Di erential Equations: First order equation (linear and nonlinear), second order linear di erential equations
with constant coe cients, method of variation of parameters, Cauchy’s and Euler’s equations, initial and
boundary value problems, solution of partial di erential equations: variable separable method.

Analysis of Complex Variables: Analytic functions, Cauchy’s integral theorem and integral formula, Taylor’s and
Laurent’s series, residue theorem, solution of integrals.

Probability and Statistics: Sampling theorems, conditional probability, mean, median, mode, standard deviation
and variance; random variables: discrete and continuous distributions: normal, Poisson and binomial
distributions.

Numerical Methods: Matrix inversion, solutions of non-linear algebraic equations, iterative methods for solving
di erential equations, numerical integration, regression and correlation analysis.

Section 2: Electricity and Magnetism
Coulomb's Law, Electric Field Intensity, Electric Flux Density, Gauss's Law, Divergence, Electric eld and
potential due to point, line, plane and spherical charge distributions, E ect of dielectric medium, Capacitance of
simple con gurations, Biot Savart’s law, Ampere’s law, Curl, Faraday’s law, Lorentz force, Inductance,
Magnetomotive force, Reluctance, Magnetic circuits, Self and Mutual inductance of simple con gurations.

Section 3: Electrical Circuits and Machines
Voltage and Current Sources: Independent, dependent, ideal and practical; v-i relationships of resistor, inductor,
mutual inductance and capacitor; transient analysis of RLC circuits with dc excitation.

Kircho ’s laws, mesh and nodal analysis, superposition, Thevenin, Norton, maximum power transfer and
reciprocity theorems.

Peak-, average- and rms values of AC quantities; apparent-, active- and reactive powers; phasor analysis,
impedance and admittance; series and parallel resonance, locus diagrams, realization of basic lters with R, L
and C elements. transient analysis of RLC circuits with ac excitation.

One-port and two-port networks, driving point impedance and admittance, open-, and short circuit parameters.

Single Phase Transformer: Equivalent circuit, phasor diagram, open circuit and short circuit tests, regulation
and e ciency; Three phase induction motors: principle of operation, types, performance, torque-speed
characteristics, no-load and blocked rotor tests, equivalent circuit, starting and speed control; Types of losses
and e ciency calculations of electric machines.

Section 4: Signals and Systems
Periodic, aperiodic and impulse signals; Laplace, Fourier and z-transforms; transfer function, frequency
response of rst and second order linear time invariant systems, impulse response of systems; convolution,

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correlation. Discrete time system: impulse response, frequency response, pulse transfer function; DFT and FFT;
basics of IIR and FIR lters.

Section 5: Control Systems
Feedback principles, signal ow graphs, transient response, steady-state-errors, Bode plot, phase and gain
margins, Routh and Nyquist criteria, root loci, design of lead, lag and lead-lag compensators, state-space
representation of systems; time-delay systems; mechanical, hydraulic and pneumatic system components,
synchro pair, servo and stepper motors, servo valves; on-o , P, PI, PID, cascade, feed forward, and ratio
controllers, tuning of PID controllers and sizing of control valves.

Section 6: Analog Electronics
Characteristics and applications of diode, Zener diode, BJT and MOSFET; small signal analysis of transistor
circuits, feedback ampli ers. Characteristics of ideal and practical operational ampli ers; applications of
opamps: adder, subtractor, integrator, di erentiator, di erence ampli er, instrumentation ampli er, precision
recti er, active lters, oscillators, signal generators, voltage controlled oscillators and phase locked loop,
sources and e ects of noise and interference in electronic circuits.

Section 7: Digital Electronics
Combinational logic circuits, minimization of Boolean functions. IC families: TTL and CMOS. Arithmetic circuits,
comparators, Schmitt trigger, multi-vibrators, sequential circuits, ip ops, shift registers, timers and counters;
sample-and-hold circuit, multiplexer, analog-to-digital (successive approximation, integrating, ash and sigma-
delta) and digital-to-analog converters (weighted R, R-2R ladder and current steering logic). Characteristics of
ADC and DAC (resolution, quantization, signi cant bits, conversion/settling time); basics of number systems,
Embedded Systems: Microprocessor and microcontroller applications, memory and input-output interfacing;
basics of data acquisition systems, basics of distributed control systems (DCS) and programmable logic
controllers (PLC).

Section 8: Measurements
SI units, standards (R, L, C, voltage, current and frequency), systematic and random errors in measurement,
expression of uncertainty - accuracy and precision, propagation of errors, linear and weighted regression.
Bridges: Wheatstone, Kelvin, Megohm, Maxwell, Anderson, Schering and Wien for measurement of R, L, C and
frequency, Q-meter. Measurement of voltage, current and power in single and three phase circuits; ac and dc
current probes; true rms meters, voltage and current scaling, instrument transformers, timer/counter, time,
phase and frequency measurements, digital voltmeter, digital multimeter; oscilloscope, shielding and
grounding.

Section 9: Sensors and Industrial Instrumentation
Resistive-, capacitive-, inductive-, piezoelectric-, Hall e ect sensors and associated signal conditioning circuits;
transducers for industrial instrumentation: displacement (linear and angular), velocity, acceleration, force,
torque, vibration, shock, pressure (including low pressure), ow (variable head, variable area, electromagnetic,
ultrasonic, turbine and open channel ow meters) temperature (thermocouple, bolometer, RTD (3/4 wire),
thermistor, pyrometer and semiconductor); liquid level, pH, conductivity and viscosity measurement. 4-20 mA
two-wire transmitter.

Section 10: Communication and Optical Instrumentation
Amplitude- and frequency modulation and demodulation; Shannon's sampling theorem, pulse code modulation;
frequency and time division multiplexing, amplitude-, phase-, frequency-, quadrature amplitude, pulse shift
keying for digital modulation; optical sources and detectors: LED, laser, photo-diode, light dependent resistor,
square law detectors and their characteristics; interferometer: applications in metrology; basics of ber optic
sensing. UV-VIS Spectrophotometers, Mass spectrometer.

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MA Mathematics

Calculus: Functions of two or more variables, continuity, directional derivatives, partial derivatives, total
derivative, maxima and minima, saddle point, method of Lagrange’s multipliers; Double and Triple integrals and
their applications to area, volume and surface area; Vector Calculus: gradient, divergence and curl, Line
integrals and Surface integrals, Green’s theorem, Stokes’ theorem, and Gauss divergence theorem.

Linear Algebra: Finite dimensional vector spaces over real or complex elds; Linear transformations and their
matrix representations, rank and nullity; systems of linear equations, characteristic polynomial, eigen values
and eigen vectors, diagonalization, minimal polynomial, Cayley-Hamilton Theorem, Finite dimensional inner
product spaces, Gram-Schmidt orthonormalization process, symmetric, skew-symmetric, Hermitian, skew-
Hermitian, normal, orthogonal and unitary matrices; diagonalization by a unitary matrix, Jordan canonical form;
bilinear and quadratic forms.

Real Analysis: Metric spaces, connectedness, compactness, completeness; Sequences and series of functions,
uniform convergence, Ascoli-Arzela theorem; Weierstrass approximation theorem; contraction mapping
principle, Power series; Di erentiation of functions of several variables, Inverse and Implicit function theorems;
Lebesgue measure on the real line, measurable functions; Lebesgue integral, Fatou’s lemma, monotone
convergence theorem, dominated convergence theorem.

Complex Analysis: Functions of a complex variable: continuity, di erentiability, analytic functions, harmonic
functions; Complex integration: Cauchy’s integral theorem and formula; Liouville’s theorem, maximum modulus
principle, Morera’s theorem; zeros and singularities; Power series, radius of convergence, Taylor’s series and
Laurent’s series; Residue theorem and applications for evaluating real integrals; Rouche’s theorem, Argument
principle, Schwarz lemma; Conformal mappings, Mobius transformations.

Ordinary Di erential Equations: First order ordinary di erential equations, existence and uniqueness theorems
for initial value problems, linear ordinary di erential equations of higher order with constant coe cients;
Second order linear ordinary di erential equations with variable coe cients; Cauchy-Euler equation, method of
Laplace transforms for solving ordinary di erential equations, series solutions (power series, Frobenius
method); Legendre and Bessel functions and their orthogonal properties; Systems of linear rst order ordinary
di erential equations, Sturm's oscillation and separation theorems, Sturm-Liouville eigenvalue problems,
Planar autonomous systems of ordinary di erential equations: Stability of stationary points for linear systems
with constant coe cients, Linearized stability, Lyapunov functions.

Algebra: Groups, subgroups, normal subgroups, quotient groups, homomorphisms, automorphisms; cyclic
groups, permutation groups, Group action, Sylow’s theorems and their applications; Rings, ideals, prime and
maximal ideals, quotient rings, unique factorization domains, Principle ideal domains, Euclidean domains,
polynomial rings, Eisenstein’s irreducibility criterion; Fields, nite elds, eld extensions, algebraic extensions,
algebraically closed elds

Functional Analysis: Normed linear spaces, Banach spaces, Hahn-Banach theorem, open mapping and closed
graph theorems, principle of uniform boundedness; Inner-product spaces, Hilbert spaces, orthonormal bases,
projection theorem, Riesz representation theorem, spectral theorem for compact self-adjoint operators.

Numerical Analysis: Systems of linear equations: Direct methods (Gaussian elimination, LU decomposition,
Cholesky factorization), Iterative methods (Gauss-Seidel and Jacobi) and their convergence for diagonally
dominant coe cient matrices; Numerical solutions of nonlinear equations: bisection method, secant method,
Newton-Raphson method, xed point iteration; Interpolation: Lagrange and Newton forms of interpolating
polynomial, Error in polynomial interpolation of a function; Numerical di erentiation and error, Numerical
integration: Trapezoidal and Simpson rules, Newton-Cotes integration formulas, composite rules, mathematical

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errors involved in numerical integration formulae; Numerical solution of initial value problems for ordinary
di erential equations: Methods of Euler, Runge-Kutta method of order 2.

Partial Di erential Equations: Method of characteristics for rst order linear and quasilinear partial di erential
equations; Second order partial di erential equations in two independent variables: classi cation and canonical
forms, method of separation of variables for Laplace equation in Cartesian and polar coordinates, heat and
wave equations in one space variable; Wave equation: Cauchy problem and d'Alembert formula, domains of
dependence and in uence, non-homogeneous wave equation; Heat equation: Cauchy problem; Laplace and
Fourier transform methods.

Topology: Basic concepts of topology, bases, subbases, subspace topology, order topology, product topology,
quotient topology, metric topology, connectedness, compactness, countability and separation axioms, Urysohn’s
Lemma.

Linear Programming: Linear programming models, convex sets, extreme points; Basic feasible solution,
graphical method, simplex method, two phase methods, revised simplex method ; Infeasible and unbounded
linear programming models, alternate optima; Duality theory, weak duality and strong duality; Balanced and
unbalanced transportation problems, Initial basic feasible solution of balanced transportation problems (least
cost method, north-west corner rule, Vogel’s approximation method); Optimal solution, modi ed distribution
method; Solving assignment problems, Hungarian method.

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ME Mechanical Engineering

Section 1: Engineering Mathematics
Linear Algebra: Matrix algebra, systems of linear equations, eigen values and eigen vectors.

Calculus: Functions of single variable, limit, continuity and di erentiability, mean value theorems, indeterminate
forms; evaluation of de nite and improper integrals; double and triple integrals; partial derivatives, total
derivative, Taylor series (in one and two variables), maxima and minima, Fourier series; gradient, divergence
and curl, vector identities, directional derivatives, line, surface and volume integrals, applications of Gauss,
Stokes and Green’s theorems.

Di erential Equations: First order equations (linear and nonlinear); higher order linear di erential equations
with constant coe cients; Euler-Cauchy equation; initial and boundary value problems; Laplace transforms;
solutions of heat, wave and Laplace's equations.

Complex Variables: Analytic functions; Cauchy-Riemann equations; Cauchy’s integral theorem and integral
formula; Taylor and Laurent series.

Probability and Statistics: De nitions of probability, sampling theorems, conditional probability; mean, median,
mode and standard deviation; random variables, binomial, Poisson and normal distributions.

Numerical Methods: Numerical solutions of linear and non-linear algebraic equations; integration by trapezoidal
and Simpson’s rules; single and multi-step methods for di erential equations.

Section 2: Applied Mechanics and Design
Engineering Mechanics: Free-body diagrams and equilibrium; friction and its applications including rolling
friction, belt-pulley, brakes, clutches, screw jack, wedge, vehicles, etc.; trusses and frames; virtual work;
kinematics and dynamics of rigid bodies in plane motion; impulse and momentum (linear and angular) and
energy formulations; Lagrange’s equation.

Mechanics of Materials: Stress and strain, elastic constants, Poisson's ratio; Mohr’s circle for plane stress and
plane strain; thin cylinders; shear force and bending moment diagrams; bending and shear stresses; concept of
shear centre; de ection of beams; torsion of circular shafts; Euler’s theory of columns; energy methods;
thermal stresses; strain gauges and rosettes; testing of materials with universal testing machine; testing of
hardness and impact strength.

Theory of Machines: Displacement, velocity and acceleration analysis of plane mechanisms; dynamic analysis of
linkages; cams; gears and gear trains; ywheels and governors; balancing of reciprocating and rotating
masses; gyroscope.

Vibrations: Free and forced vibration of single degree of freedom systems, e ect of damping; vibration isolation;
resonance; critical speeds of shafts.

Machine Design: Design for static and dynamic loading; failure theories; fatigue strength and the S-N diagram;
principles of the design of machine elements such as bolted, riveted and welded joints; shafts, gears, rolling and
sliding contact bearings, brakes and clutches, springs.

Section 3: Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences
Fluid Mechanics: Fluid properties; uid statics, forces on submerged bodies, stability of oating bodies; control-
volume analysis of mass, momentum and energy; uid acceleration; di erential equations of continuity and
momentum; Bernoulli’s equation; dimensional analysis; viscous ow of incompressible uids, boundary layer,

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elementary turbulent ow, ow through pipes, head losses in pipes, bends and ttings; basics of compressible
uid ow.

Heat Transfer: Modes of heat transfer; one dimensional heat conduction, resistance concept and electrical
analogy, heat transfer through ns; unsteady heat conduction, lumped parameter system, Heisler's charts;
thermal boundary layer, dimensionless parameters in free and forced convective heat transfer, heat transfer
correlations for ow over at plates and through pipes, e ect of turbulence; heat exchanger performance,
LMTD and NTU methods; radiative heat transfer, Stefan- Boltzmann law, Wien's displacement law, black and
grey surfaces, view factors, radiation network analysis

Thermodynamics: Thermodynamic systems and processes; properties of pure substances, behavior of ideal and
real gases; zeroth and rst laws of thermodynamics, calculation of work and heat in various processes; second
law of thermodynamics; thermodynamic property charts and tables, availability and irreversibility;
thermodynamic relations.

Applications: Power Engineering: Air and gas compressors; vapour and gas power cycles, concepts of
regeneration and reheat. I.C. Engines: Air-standard Otto, Diesel and dual cycles. Refrigeration and air-
conditioning: Vapour and gas refrigeration and heat pump cycles; properties of moist air, psychrometric chart,
basic psychrometric processes. Turbomachinery: Impulse and reaction principles, velocity diagrams, Pelton-
wheel, Francis and Kaplan turbines; steam and gas turbines.

Section 4: Materials, Manufacturing and Industrial Engineering
Engineering Materials: Structure and properties of engineering materials, phase diagrams, heat treatment,
stress-strain diagrams for engineering materials.

Casting, Forming and Joining Processes: Di erent types of castings, design of patterns, moulds and cores;
solidi cation and cooling; riser and gating design. Plastic deformation and yield criteria; fundamentals of hot
and cold working processes; load estimation for bulk (forging, rolling, extrusion, drawing) and sheet (shearing,
deep drawing, bending) metal forming processes; principles of powder metallurgy. Principles of welding,
brazing, soldering and adhesive bonding.

Machining and Machine Tool Operations: Mechanics of machining; basic machine tools; single and multi-point
cutting tools, tool geometry and materials, tool life and wear; economics of machining; principles of non-
traditional machining processes; principles of work holding, jigs and xtures; abrasive machining processes;
NC/CNC machines and CNC programming.

Metrology and Inspection: Limits, ts and tolerances; linear and angular measurements; comparators;
interferometry; form and nish measurement; alignment and testing methods; tolerance analysis in
manufacturing and assembly; concepts of coordinate-measuring machine (CMM).

Computer Integrated Manufacturing: Basic concepts of CAD/CAM and their integration tools; additive
manufacturing.

Production Planning and Control: Forecasting models, aggregate production planning, scheduling, materials
requirement planning; lean manufacturing.

Inventory Control: Deterministic models; safety stock inventory control systems.

Operations Research: Linear programming, simplex method, transportation, assignment, network ow models,
simple queuing models, PERT and CPM.

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MN Mining Engineering

Section 1: Engineering Mathematics
Linear Algebra: Matrices and Determinants; Inverse and Rank of matrix; Systems of linear equations; Eigen
values and Eigen vectors. Cayley-Hamilton Theorem.

Calculus: Limit, continuity and di erentiability; Partial Derivatives; Mean value theorems; Indeterminate forms
and L’ Hospital’s rule; Maxima and minima; Taylor’s theorem; Sequences and series; Test for convergence;
Fourier series.

Vector Calculus: Gradient; Divergence and Curl; Line; surface and volume integrals; Stokes, Gauss and Green’s
theorems.

Di erential Equations: Linear and non-linear rst order ODEs; Higher order linear ODEs with constant
coe cients; Cauchy’s and Euler’s equations.

Probability and Statistics: Measures of central tendency and dispersion; hypothesis testing; Binomial, Poisson,
exponential and normal distributions; Correlation and regression analysis.

Numerical Methods: Solutions of linear algebraic equations; Interpolation; Integration of trapezoidal and
Simpson’s rule; Single and multi-step methods for di erential equations.

Section 2: Mining Geology, Mine Development and Surveying
Mining Geology: Minerals, Rocks and their Origin, Classi cation, Ore Genesis; Structural Geology.

Mine Development: Methods of access to deposits; Underground drivages; Drilling method and machines;
Explosives and energetics, blasting devices, blast design practices; Rock-Tool Interaction applicable to
mechanical cutting systems and their selection.

Mine Surveying: Levels and levelling, theodolite, tacheometry, triangulation; Contouring; Errors and
adjustments; Correlation; Underground surveying; Curves; Photogrammetry; EDM, Total Station, GPS, Basics of
GIS and remote sensing.

Section 3: Geomechanics and Ground Control
Engineering Mechanics: Equivalent force systems; Equations of equilibrium; Two dimensional frames and
trusses; Free body diagrams; Friction forces; Particle kinematics and dynamics; Beam analysis.

Geomechanics: Geo-technical properties of rocks; Rock mass classi cation; Instrumentation and in-situ stress
measurement techniques; Theories of rock failure; Ground vibrations; Stress distribution around mine
openings; Subsidence; Slope stability.

Ground Control: Design of pillars; Roof supporting systems; Mine lling. Strata Control and Monitoring Plan.

Section 4: Mining Methods and Machinery
Mining Methods: Surface mining: layout, development, loading, transportation and mechanization, continuous
surface mining systems; highwall mining; Underground coal mining:bord and pillar systems, room and pillar
mining, longwall mining, thick seam mining methods, Underground metal mining: open, supported and caved
stoping methods, stope mechanization, ore handling systems.

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Mining Machinery: Generation and transmission of mechanical, hydraulic and pneumatic power; Materials
handling: wire ropes, haulages, conveyors, face and development machinery, hoisting systems, pumps;
comminution methods and machinery.

Section 5: Surface Environment, Mine Ventilation and Underground Hazards
Surface Environment: Air, water and soil pollution: Standards of quality, causes and dispersion of contamination
and control; Noise pollution and control; Land reclamation; EIA.

Mine Ventilation: Underground atmosphere; Heat load sources and thermal environment, air cooling; Mechanics
of air ow, distribution, natural and mechanical ventilation; Mine fans and usage; Auxiliary ventilation; Ventilation
survey and planning; Ventilation networks.

Underground Hazards: Mine Gases, Methane drainage; Underground hazards from res, explosions, dust and
inundation; Rescue apparatus and practices; Safety management plan; Accident data analysis; assessment;
Mine lighting; Mine legislation; Occupational health and safety.

Section 6: Mineral Economics, Mine Planning, Systems Engineering
Mineral Economics: Mineral resource classi cation; Discounted cash ow analysis; Mine valuation; Mineral
taxation.

Mine Planning: Sampling methods, practices and interpretation; Reserve estimation techniques: Basics of
geostatistics and quality control; Optimization of facility location; Mine planning and its components,
Determination of mine size and mine life; Ultimate pit con guration and its determination, Optimum mill cut-o
grade and its determination, Stope planning, Design of haul road, Selection of mining system vis-à-vis
equipment system.

Systems Engineering: Concepts of reliability; Reliability of simple systems; Maintainability and availability;
Linear programming, transportation and assignment problems; Network analysis; Inventory models; Queuing
theory; Decision trees.

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MT Metallurgical Engineering

Section 1: Engineering Mathematics
Linear Algebra: Matrices and Determinants, Systems of linear equations, Eigen values and Eigen vectors.
Calculus: Limit, Continuity and Di erentiability; Partial derivatives; Maxima and minima; Sequences and series;
Test for convergence; Fourier series.
Vector Calculus: Gradient; Divergence and Curl; Line, Surface and volume integrals; Stokes, Gauss and Green’s
theorems.
Di erential Equations: Linear and non-linear rst order ODEs; Higher order linear ODEs with constant
coe cients; Cauchy’s and Euler’s equations; Laplace transforms; PDEs –Laplace, one dimensional heat and
wave equations.
Probability and Statistics: De nitions of probability and sampling theorems, conditional probability, Mean,
median, mode and standard deviation; Random variables; Poisson, normal and binomial distributions; Analysis
of experimental data; linear least squares method.
Numerical Methods: Solutions of linear and non-linear (Bisection, Secant, Newton- Raphson methods) algebraic
equations; integration by trapezoidal and Simpson’s rule; single and multi-step methods for di erential
equations.

Section 2: Metallurgical Thermodynamics
Laws of Thermodynamics: First law – energy conservation, Second law - entropy; Enthalpy, Gibbs and
Helmholtz free energy; Maxwell’s relations; Chemical potential; Applications to metallurgical systems,
solutions, ideal and regular solutions; Gibbs phase rule, phase equilibria, binary phase diagram and lever rule,
free-energy vs. composition diagrams; Equilibrium constant, Activity, Ellingham and phase stability diagrams;
Thermodynamics of point defects, surfaces and interfaces, adsorption and segregation phenomena.
Electrochemistry: Single electrode potential, Electrochemical cells, Nernst equation, Potential-pH diagrams.

Section 3: Transport Phenomena and Rate Processes
Momentum Transfer: Concept of viscosity, shell balances, Bernoulli’s equation, mechanical energy balance
equation, ow past plane surfaces and through pipes.
Heat transfer: Conduction, Fourier’s Law, 1-D steady state conduction.
Convection: Heat transfer coe cient relations for forced convection.
Radiation: Black body radiation, Stefan-Boltzman Law, Kirchho ’s Law.
Mass Transfer: Di usion and Fick’s laws, Mass transfer coe cients.
Dimensional Analysis: Buckingham Pi theorem, Signi cance of dimensionless numbers.
Basic Laws of Chemical Kinetics: First order reactions, reaction rate constant, Arrhenius relation,
heterogeneous reactions, oxidation kinetics.
Electrochemical Kinetics: Polarization.

Section 4: Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy
Comminution techniques, Size classi cation, Flotation, Gravity and other methods of mineral bene ciation;
Agglomeration: sintering, pelletizing and briquetting.
Material and Energy balances in metallurgical processes; Principles and processes for the extraction of non-
ferrous metals – aluminium, copper and titanium.
Iron and Steel Making: Material and heat balance in blast furnace; Structure and properties of slags and molten
salts – basicity of slags - sulphide and phosphate capacity of slags; Production of metallurgical coke. Other
methods of iron making (COREX, MIDRE)
Primary Steel Making: Basic oxygen furnace, process dynamics, oxidation reactions, electric arc furnace.

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Secondary Steel Making: Ladle process – deoxidation, argon stirring, desulphurization, inclusion shape control,
principles of degassing methods; Basics of stainless steel manufacturing.
Continuous Casting: Fluid ow in the tundish and mould, heat transfer in the mould, segregation, inclusion
control.

Section 5: Physical Metallurgy
Chemical Bonding: Ionic, covalent, metallic, and secondary bonding in materials, Crystal structure of solids –
metals and alloys, ionic and covalent solids, and polymers.
X-ray Di raction: Bragg’s law, optical metallography, principles of SEM imaging.
Crystal Imperfections: Point, line and surface defects; Coherent, semi-coherent and incoherent interfaces.
Di usion in Solids: Di usion equation, steady state and error function solutions; Examples- homogenenization
and carburization; Kirkendall e ect; Uphill di usion; Atomic models for interstitial and substitutional di usion;
Pipe di usion and grain boundary di usion.
Phase Transformation: Driving force, Homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation, growth Kinetics
Solidi cation in isomorphous, eutectic and peritectic systems, cast structures and macrosegregation, dendritic
solidi cation and constitutional supercooling, coring and microsegregation.
Solid-state Transformations: Precipitation, spinoidal decomposition, ordering, massive transformation,
discontinuous precipitation, eutectoid transformation, di usionless transformations; Precipitate coarsening,
Gibbs-Thomson e ect.
Principles of heat treatment of steels, TTT and CCT diagrams; Surface hardening treatments; Recovery,
recrystallization and grain growth; Heat treatment of cast iron and aluminium alloys.
Electronic, magnetic and optical properties of materials.
Basic forms of corrosion and its prevention.

Section 6: Mechanical Metallurgy
Strain tensor and stress tensor, Representation by Mohr’s circle, elasticity, sti ness and compliance tensor,
Yield criteria, Plastic deformation by slip and twinning.
Dislocation Theory: Edge, screw and mixed dislocations, source and multiplication of dislocations, stress elds
around dislocations; Partial dislocations, dislocation interactions and reactions.
Strengthening Mechanisms: Work/strain hardening, strengthening due to grain boundaries, solid solution,
precipitation and dispersion.
Fracture behaviour, Gri th theory, linear elastic fracture mechanics, fracture toughness, fractography, ductile to
brittle transition.
Fatigue: Cyclic stress strain behaviour - low and high cycle fatigue, crack growth. Mechanisms of high
temperature deformation and failure; creep and stress rupture, stress exponent and activation energy.

Section 7: Manufacturing Processes
Metal Casting: Mould design involving feeding, gating and risering, casting practices, casting defects.
Hot, Warm and Cold Working of Metals: Metal forming – fundamentals of metal forming processes of rolling,
forging, extrusion, wire drawing and sheet metal forming, defects in forming.
Metal Joining: Principles of soldering, brazing and welding, welding metallurgy, defects in welded joints in
steels and aluminium alloys.
Powder Metallurgy: production of powders, compaction and sintering.
Non-destructive Testing (NDT): Dye-penetrant, ultrasonic, radiography, eddy current, acoustic emission and
magnetic particle inspection methods.

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NM Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering

Section 1: Engineering Mathematics
Determinants and matrices, Systems of linear equations, Eigen values and eigen vectors. Functions, gradient,
divergence, curl, chain rules, partial derivatives, directional derivatives, de nite and inde nite integrals, line
surface and volume integrals, theorems of Stokes, Gauss and Green. Linear, non-linear, rst and higher order
ordinary and partial di erential equations, separation of variables.
Laplace transformation, analytical functions of complex variables, Fourier series, numerical methods for
di erentiation and integration, complex analysis, probability and statistics.

Section 2: Applied Mechanics and Structures
Engineering Mechanics: Free-body diagrams and equilibrium; trusses and frames; virtual work; kinematics and
dynamics of particles and rigid bodies in plane motion; impulse and momentum (linear and angular) and energy
formulations.
Mechanics of Materials: Stress and strain, elastic constants, Poisson’s ratio; Mohr’s circle for plane stress and
plane strain; shear force and bending moment diagrams; bending and shear stresses; torsion; Euler’s theory of
columns; energy methods; theories and failure, material testing methods.
Vibrations: Free and forced vibration of damped and undamped systems, single and multi DOF systems.
Machine Design: Design for static and dynamic loading; Design of machine elements such as shafts, gears,
rolling and sliding contact bearings; Joining techniques such as bolting, riveting and welding.

Section 3: Fluid Mechanics and Marine Hydrodynamics
Fluid Mechanics: Fluid properties; uid statics, stability of oating bodies; Conservation laws: Mass, momentum
and energy (Integral and di erential form); Dimensional analysis and dynamic similarity; sources, sinks,
doublets, line vortex and their superposition; Stoke’s integral theorem. Generalised Bernoulli’s equation,
sources, sinks, dipole, Flow with circulation, potential ow with rotational symmetry, hydrodynamical lift, Kutta-
Joukowski theorem. Vortex motion- Fundamental concepts, vortex analogy to Biot-Savart’s law, straight parallel
vortex laments, vortex sheets. Viscous ow - Navier-Stokes equations, Couette ow, Plane poiseuille ow.
Equation of continuity, Euler‘s equation, Bernoulli‘s equation, Viscous ow of incompressible uids, elementary
turbulent ow, boundary layer, ow through pipes.
Boundary layer theory- Prandtl’s boundary layer equations, criterion for separation, Blasius solution, Skin
friction, displacement thickness, momentum thickness, Turbulent boundary layer, Boundary layer control.
Airfoils- Lift, drag, circulation, pressure distribution-theory of thin aerofoils, wings of in nite and nite span,
circulation distribution, Cavitation.
Vorticity and Kelvin’s theorem, Potential ow theory, Sources, Sinks and Doublets, hydrodynamic forces in
potential ow, D’Alembert’s paradox, added-mass, slender-body theory, hydrodynamic model testing, scaling
laws, application of potential theory to surface waves, energy transport, wave/body forces, linearised theory of
lifting surfaces.

Section 4: Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
Ship geometry and physical fundamentals - Archimedes’ principle, buoyancy and weight of ship, laws of
otation, heel and trim, stable and unstable equilibrium of ships, importance of streamlined hull shape, ship
main particulars, hydrostatic calculations,
Stability and Trim of Ships: Statical stability at small angles of heel, Inclining experiment. Shift of centre of
gravity due to addition or removal of mass, transverse movement of mass and e ect, Free surface e ect,
E ect of suspended mass, Stability at large angles of heel, angle of loll, curves of statical stability, dynamical
stability, Probabilistic and deterministic Damage Stability Di erent Characteristic curves of dynamic stability.
Floodable length calculations and curves. Loss of stability due to grounding, docking stability.
Resistance and Propulsion: Components of ship resistance, form factor, hull roughness, model testing and ship
resistance prediction methods, tank wall e ects, determination of ship resistance di erent series test results,
resistance of advanced vehicles, appendage and added resistance. Geometry of screw propeller, propeller
theories, hull-propeller interactions, di erent propulsive e ciency de nitions. Propeller cavitation and e ects.
Propeller design and series. Open water and self-propulsion model tests. Di erent types of propellers and their
working principles. Propeller material, strength and manufacturing. Unconventional propellers.

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Ship Manoeuvring and Motions: Ship path keeping and changing, equations of motion, linearised equations and
control xed stability indexes, model tests. Stability and control in the horizontal and vertical planes – de nitive
manoeuvres and sea trials. Rudder hydrodynamics, design and operation. In uence of propeller, hull,
appendages etc. on rudder performance. Experimental methods for the determination of hydrodynamic
derivatives.
Ocean waves – regular, irregular, trochoidal. Wave spectrum, encounter frequency. Types of ship motions,
coupled and non-coupled motions, equations of motion. Dynamic e ects of ship motion in seaway. Di erent ship
motion stabilisers – passive and active. Di erent numerical and experimental methods to determine ship
motions – strip theory, BEM, FEM. Seakeeping features of high-performance marine vehicles.
Ship Structures and Strength: Shipbuilding materials, joining techniques, ship structural and framing systems –
bottom, side, deck, bulkhead, end structures, and structural connections. Primary and secondary structural
members, superstructure, hatch covers, machinery foundations, cargo handling systems and support
structures.
Loads acting on ships in seaway, longitudinal and transverse strength considerations and estimation methods.
Strength of hull girder, sti ened plate analysis, torsion of hull girder, deformation and stresses, local strength
analysis; Reliability analysis and ultimate strength of hull girder, structural vibrations, fatigue and fracture.
Physical Oceanography: Physical properties of seawater, Di erent types of ocean waves - tides and wind waves,
and their importance. O shore Structures: Fixed o shore platforms - Jackets, Gravity platforms; Floating
platforms - semi-submersibles, jack-ups, TLPs, FPSOs; Mooring, station keeping. Port and Harbour Engineering:
Ports and Harbours, Port structures - Jetties, Dolphins, Liquid berths, Dredging, Navigation.

Section 5: Thermodynamics and Marine Engineering
Thermodynamics: First law of thermodynamics - Closed system undergoing a cycle; closed system undergoing
a change of state; Internal energy of a system; Expansion work; Process using ideal gas - constant pressure,
constant volume, isothermal; adiabatic and polytropic process -work done and heat added in di erent process;
First law applied to one - dimensional steady ow process, ow energy, steady ow energy equation (ID).
Second law of Thermodynamics - Di erent statements; Reversible and irreversible process; Corollaries of
second law - Absolute temperature scale; Carnot cycle - Carnot engine, refrigerator and heat pump. Clausius
inequality and de nition of entropy, change of entropy of an ideal gas; Gas power cycles and I.C.Engines; Gas
power cycles: Carnot cycle, Brayton cycle, Erricson cycle, Sterling cycle etc.; Air standard cycles- Otto- Diesel,
Dual and Joule cycle; Evaluation of thermal e ciency and mean e ective pressure; Internal Combustion engine
- Classi cation of I.C. engines -Principle of operation of spark Ignition and Compression Ignition engines both
two stroke and four stroke; Stages of combustion in S.I. and C.I. engines; Knocking and detonation-factors
controlling knock and detonation, methods of preventing Knocking and detonation; Refrigeration - principle of
operation of Simple vapour compression system, Comparison with vapour compression systems; Air
conditioning principles - Sensible heating and cooling, Humidi cation and dehumidi cation, Cooling and
humidi cation, Cooling and dehumidi cation- Heating and humidi cation, Heating and dehumidi cation,
Adiabatic mixing of air streams –cooling and heating load calculation.
Marine Diesel Engines: General engine principles, Low speed and medium speed diesel engines, Two and Four
stroke engines, Scavenging and turbo charging, Fuel oil system, Lubricating oil systems, cooling systems,
torque and power measurement, Starting air systems and reversing systems, controls and safety devices,
Couplings and Gearboxes, Speci c Fuel Consumption. Waste heat recovery system, MARPOL regulations and
Energy E ciency Design Index (EEDI), Ship Energy E ciency Management Plan (SEEMP).
Marine Steam Turbines: Types of turbines, compounding, reheat, turbine construction, rotors, blades, casing,
Gland sealing, diaphragms, nozzles, bearings etc. Lubrication systems, expansion arrangements, Gearings.
Marine gas turbines – fundamentals of G.T, Structure of gas turbines, gearing, operational features, controls,
combined cycles. Nuclear propulsion –physical principles of the operation of nuclear reactors – use of nuclear
propulsion on seagoing vessels, Electrical Propulsion,
Marine Boilers: Types - re tube, water tube boilers, Package boilers, Cochran Boilers, Composite boilers, steam
to steam generators, double evaporation boilers, exhaust gas heat exchangers, auxiliary steam plant systems,
exhaust gas boilers, composite boilers. Boiler mounting, combustion, feed system, feed water treatment.
Engine Dynamics: Torsional vibration of engine and shafting, axial shaft vibration, critical speeds, engine rating,
rating corrections, trial tests etc. Relationship of engine to the propeller classi cation society rules on engine
construction, Engine room arrangement. Automation of ship propulsion plants, Maintenance requirements and
reliability of propulsion plants.

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Marine Auxiliary Machinery & Systems: Di erent types of pumps and piping systems in ships - hot water,
drinking water, cooling water and seawater, fuel oil systems, lubricating oil system lters, coolers, centrifuges,
puri ers and clari ers, bilge and ballast systems, sewage disposal, oily water separator, air compressors,
boilers, heat exchangers, waste heat recovery systems; Heat, ventilation and air conditioning systems; Dech
machinery and cargo handling systems; Propulsions and steering gear systems.

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PE Petroleum Engineering

Linear Algebra: Matrix algebra, Systems of linear equations, Eigen values and eigen vectors.

Calculus: Functions of single variable, Limit, continuity and di erentiability, Taylor series, Mean value theorems,
Evaluation of de nite and improper integrals, Partial derivatives, Total derivative, Maxima and minima, Gradient,
Divergence and Curl, Vector identities, Directional derivatives, Line, Surface and Volume integrals, Stokes, Gauss
and Green’s theorems.

Di erential Equations: First order equations (linear and nonlinear), Higher order linear di erential equations
with constant coe cients, Cauchy’s and Euler’s equations, Initial and boundary value problems, Laplace
transforms, Solutions of one dimensional heat and wave equations and Laplace equation.

Complex Variables: Complex number, polar form of complex number, triangle inequality.

Probability and Statistics: De nitions of probability and sampling theorems, Conditional probability, Mean,
median, mode and standard deviation, Random variables, Poisson, Normal and Binomial distributions, Linear
regression analysis.

Numerical Methods: Numerical solutions of linear and non-linear algebraic equations. Integration by trapezoidal
and Simpson’s rule. Single and multi-step methods for numerical solution of di erential equations.

Petroleum Exploration: Classi cation and description of some common rocks with special reference to clastic
and nonclastic reservoir rocks. Origin, migration and accumulation of Petroleum. Petroleum exploration
methods.

Oil and Gas Well Drilling Technology: Well planning. Drilling method. Drilling rigs Rig operating systems. Drilling
uids function and properties. Drilling uid maintenance equipment. Oil & gas well cementing operations. Drill
bit types and their applications. Drill string & Casing string function, operations, selection & design. Drilling
problems, their control & remedies. Directional drilling tools. Directional survey. Application of horizontal,
multilateral, extended reach, slim wells.

Reservoir Engineering: Petrophysical properties of reservoir rocks. Coring and core analysis. Reservoir uid
properties. Phase behaviour of hydrocarbon system. Flow of uids through porous media. Water and gas coning.
Reservoir pressure measurements. Reservoir drives, drive mechanics and recovery factors. Reserve estimation
& techniques.

Petroleum Production Operations: Well equipments. Well completion techniques. Well production problems and
mitigation. Well servicing & Workover operations. Workover & completion uids. Formation damage. Well
stimulation techniques. Arti cial lift techniques. Field processing of oil & gas. Storage and transportation of
petroleum and petroleum products. Metering and measurements oil & gas. Production system analysis &
optimization. Production testing. Multiphase ow in tubing and ow-lines. Nodal system analysis. Pressure
vessels, storage tanks, shell and tube heat exchangers, pumps and compressors, LNG value chain.

O shore Drilling and Production Practices: O shore oil and gas operations & ocean environment. O shore xed
platforms, O shore mobile units, Station keeping methods like mooring & dynamic positioning system. O shore
drilling from xed platform, jack-up, ships and semi submersibles. Use of conductors and risers. O shore well
completion. Deep water applications of subsea technology. O shore production: Oil processing platforms, water
injection platforms, storage, SPM and SBM transportation and utilities. Deep water drilling rig. Deep water
production system. Emerging deep water technologies.

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Petroleum Formation Evaluation: Evaluation of petrophysical of sub-surface formations: Principles applications,
advantages and disadvantages of SP, resistivity, radioactive, acoustic logs and types of tools used. Evaluation of
CBL/VDL, USIT, SFT, RFT. Production logging tools, principles, limitations and applications. Special type of
logging tools. Casing inspection tools (principles, applications and limitations), Formations micro scanner (FMS),
NMR logging principles. Standard log interpretation methods. Cross-plotting methods.

Oil and Gas Well Testing: Di usivity equation, derivation & solutions. Radius of investigation. Principle of
superposition. Horner’s approximation. Drill Stem Testing. Pressure Transient Tests: Drawdown and build up-
test analysis. Wellbore e ects. Multilayer reservoirs. Injection well testing. Multiple well testing. Interference
testing, Pulse testing, well-test analysis by use of type curves. Gas well testing.

Health Safety and Environment in Petroleum Industry: Health hazards in Petroleum Industry: Toxicity,
Physiological, Asphyxiation, respiratory and skin e ect of petroleum hydrocarbons, sour gases. Safety System:
Manual & automatic shutdown system, blow down systems. Gas detection system. Fire detection and
suppression systems. Personal protection system & measures. HSE Policies. Disaster & crisis management in
Petroleum Industry. Environment: Environment concepts, impact on eco-system, air, water and soil. The impact
of drilling & production operations on environment, Environmental transport of petroleum wastes. O shore
environmental studies. O shore oil spill and oil spill control. Waste treatment methods.

Enhanced Oil Recovery Techniques: Basic principles and mechanism of EOR, Screening of EOR process. Concept
of pattern ooding, recovery e ciency, permeability heterogeneity. Macroscopic and microscopic displacement
e ciency. EOR methods: Chemical ooding, Miscible ooding, Thermal recoveries (steam stimulation, hot water
& steam ooding, in-situ combustion), Microbial EOR.

Latest Trends in Petroleum Engineering: Coal bed methane, shale gas, oil shale, gas hydrate, and heavy oil.

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PH Physics

Section 1: Mathematical Physics
Vector Calculus: Linear vector space: basis, orthogonality and completeness; matrices; similarity
transformations, diagonalization, eigen values and eigen vectors; linear di erential equations: second order
linear di erential equations and solutions involving special functions; complex analysis: Cauchy-Riemann
conditions, Cauchy's theorem, singularities, residue theorem and applications; Laplace transform, Fourier
analysis; elementary ideas about tensors: covariant and contravariant tensors.

Section 2: Classical Mechanics
Lagrangian Formulation: D'Alembert's principle, Euler-Lagrange equation, Hamilton's principle, calculus of
variations; symmetry and conservation laws; central force motion: Kepler problem and Rutherford scattering;
small oscillations: coupled oscillations and normal modes; rigid body dynamics: interia tensor, orthogonal
transformations, Euler angles, Torque free motion of a symmetric top; Hamiltonian and Hamilton's equations of
motion; Liouville's theorem; canonical transformations: action-angle variables, Poisson brackets, Hamilton-
Jacobi equation.
Special Theory of Relativity: Lorentz transformations, relativistic kinematics, mass-energy equivalence.

Section 3: Electromagnetic Theory
Solutions of electrostatic and magnetostatic problems including boundary value problems; method of images;
separation of variables; dielectrics and conductors; magnetic materials; multipole expansion; Maxwell's
equations; scalar and vector potentials; Coulomb and Lorentz gauges; electromagnetic waves in free space,
non-conducting and conducting media; re ection and transmission at normal and oblique incidences;
polarization of electromagnetic waves; Poynting vector, Poynting theorem, energy and momentum of
electromagnetic waves; radiation from a moving charge.

Section 4: Quantum Mechanics
Postulates of quantum mechanics; uncertainty principle; Schrodinger equation; Dirac Bra-Ket notation, linear
vectors and operators in Hilbert space; one dimensional potentials: step potential, nite rectangular well,
tunneling from a potential barrier, particle in a box, harmonic oscillator; two and three dimensional systems:
concept of degeneracy; hydrogen atom; angular momentum and spin; addition of angular momenta; variational
method and WKB approximation, time independent perturbation theory; elementary scattering theory, Born
approximation; symmetries in quantum mechanical systems.

Section 5: Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics
Laws of thermodynamics; macrostates and microstates; phase space; ensembles; partition function, free
energy, calculation of thermodynamic quantities; classical and quantum statistics; degenerate Fermi gas; black
body radiation and Planck's distribution law; Bose-Einstein condensation; rst and second order phase
transitions, phase equilibria, critical point.

Section 6: Atomic and Molecular Physics
Spectra of one-and many-electron atoms; spin-orbit interaction: LS and jj couplings; ne and hyper ne
structures; Zeeman and Stark e ects; electric dipole transitions and selection rules; rotational and vibrational
spectra of diatomic molecules; electronic transitions in diatomic molecules, Franck-Condon principle; Raman
e ect; EPR, NMR, ESR, X-ray spectra; lasers: Einstein coe cients, population inversion, two and three level
systems.

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Section 7: Solid State Physics
Elements of crystallography; di raction methods for structure determination; bonding in solids; lattice
vibrations and thermal properties of solids; free electron theory; band theory of solids: nearly free electron and
tight binding models; metals, semiconductors and insulators; conductivity, mobility and e ective mass; Optical
properties of solids; Kramer's-Kronig relation, intra- and inter-band transitions; dielectric properties of solid;
dielectric function, polarizability, ferroelectricity; magnetic properties of solids; dia, para, ferro, antiferro and
ferri-magnetism, domains and magnetic anisotropy; superconductivity: Type-I and Type II superconductors,
Meissner e ect, London equation, BCS Theory, ux quantization.

Section 8: Electronics
Semiconductors in Equilibrium: Electron and hole statistics in intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors; metal-
semiconductor junctions; Ohmic and rectifying contacts; PN diodes, bipolar junction transistors, eld e ect
transistors; negative and positive feedback circuits; oscillators, operational ampli ers, active lters; basics of
digital logic circuits, combinational and sequential circuits, ip- ops, timers, counters, registers, A/D and D/A
conversion.

Section 9: Nuclear and Particle Physics
Nuclear radii and charge distributions, nuclear binding energy, electric and magnetic moments; semi-empirical
mass formula; nuclear models; liquid drop model, nuclear shell model; nuclear force and two nucleon problem;
alpha decay, beta-decay, electromagnetic transitions in nuclei; Rutherford scattering, nuclear reactions,
conservation laws; ssion and fusion; particle accelerators and detectors; elementary particles; photons,
baryons, mesons and leptons; quark model; conservation laws, isospin symmetry, charge conjugation, parity
and time-reversal invariance.

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PI Production and Industrial Engineering
Section 1: Engineering Mathematics
Linear Algebra: Matrix algebra, Systems of linear equations, Eigen values and Eigen vectors.
Calculus: Functions of single variable, Limit, continuity and di erentiability, Mean value theorems, Evaluation of
de nite and improper integrals, Partial derivatives, Total derivative, Maxima and minima, Gradient, Divergence
and Curl, Vector identities, Directional derivatives; Line, Surface and Volume integrals; Stokes, Gauss and
Green’s theorems.
Di erential Equations: First order equations (linear and nonlinear), Higher order linear di erential equations
with constant coe cients, Cauchy’s and Euler’s equations, Initial and boundary value problems, Laplace
transforms.
Complex Variables: Analytic functions, Cauchy’s integral theorem, Taylor series.
Probability and Statistics: De nitions of probability and sampling theorems, Conditional probability, Mean,
median, mode and standard deviation, Linear regression, Random variables, Poisson, normal, binomial and
exponential distributions.
Numerical Methods: Numerical solutions of linear and nonlinear algebraic equations, Integration by trapezoidal
and Simpson’s rules, Single and multi-step methods for di erential equations.

Section 2: General Engineering
Engineering Materials: Structure, physical and mechanical properties, and applications of common engineering
materials (metals and alloys, semiconductors, ceramics, polymers, and composites – metal, polymer and
ceramic based); Iron-carbon equilibrium phase diagram; Heat treatment of metals and alloys and its in uence
on mechanical properties; Stress-strain behavior of metals and alloys.
Applied Mechanics: Engineering mechanics – equivalent force systems, free body concepts, equations of
equilibrium; Trusses; Strength of materials – stress, strain and their relationship; Failure theories; Mohr’s circle
(stress); De ection of beams, bending and shear stresses; Euler’s theory of columns; Thick and thin cylinders;
Torsion.
Theory of Machines and Design: Analysis of planar mechanisms, cams and followers; Governors and y wheels;
Design of bolted, riveted and welded joints; Interference/shrink t joints; Friction and lubrication; Design of
shafts, keys, couplings, spur gears, belt drives, brakes and clutches; Pressure vessels.
Thermal and Fluids Engineering: Fluid mechanics – uid statics, Bernoulli’s equation, ow through pipes,
laminar and turbulent ows, equations of continuity and momentum, capillary action; Dimensional analysis;
Thermodynamics – zeroth, rst and second laws of thermodynamics, thermodynamic systems and processes,
calculation of work and heat for systems and control volumes; Air standard cycles; Heat transfer – basic
applications of conduction, convection and radiation.

Section 3: Manufacturing Processes I
Casting: Types of casting processes and applications; Sand casting: patterns – types, materials and allowances;
molds and cores–materials, making, and testing; design of gating system and riser; casting techniques of cast
iron, steels, and nonferrous metals and alloys; analysis of solidi cation and microstructure development; Other
casting techniques: Pressure die casting, Centrifugal casting, Investment casting, Shell mold casting; Casting
defects and their inspection by non-destructive testing.
Metal Forming: Stress-strain relations in elastic and plastic deformation; von Mises and Tresca yield criteria,
Concept of ow stress; Hot, warm and cold working; Bulk forming processes – forging, rolling, extrusion and
wire drawing; Sheet metal working processes – blanking, punching, bending, stretch forming, spinning and deep
drawing; Ideal work and slab analysis; Defects in metal working and their causes.
Joining of Materials: Classi cation of joining processes; Principles of fusion welding processes using di erent
heat sources ( ame, arc, resistance, laser, electron beam), Heat transfer and associated losses; Arc welding
processes - SMAW, GMAW, GTAW, plasma arc, submerged arc welding processes; Principles of solid state
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welding processes - friction welding, friction stir welding, ultrasonic welding; Welding defects - causes and
inspection; Principles of adhesive joining, brazing and soldering processes.
Powder Processing: Production of metal/ceramic powders, compaction and sintering of metals and ceramic
powders, Cold and hot isostatic pressing.
Polymers and Composites: Polymer processing – injection, compression and blow molding, extrusion,
calendaring and thermoforming; Molding of composites.

Section 4: Manufacturing Processes II
Machining: Orthogonal and oblique machining, Single point cutting tool and tool signature, Chip formation,
cutting forces, Merchant’s analysis, Speci c cutting energy and power; Machining parameters and material
removal rate; tool materials, Tool wear and tool life; Thermal aspects of machining, cutting uids, machinability;
Economics of machining; Machining processes - turning, taper turning, thread cutting, drilling, boring, milling,
gear cutting, thread production; Finishing processes – grinding, honing, lapping and super- nishing.
Machine Tools: Lathe, milling, drilling and shaping machines – construction and kinematics; Jigs and xtures –
principles, applications, and design.
Advanced Manufacturing: Principles and applications of USM, AJM, WJM, AWJM, EDM and Wire EDM, LBM, EBM,
PAM, CHM, ECM; E ect of process parameters on material removal rate, surface roughness and power
consumption; Additive manufacturing techniques.
Computer Integrated Manufacturing: Basic concepts of CAD and CAM, Geometric modeling, CNC; Automation in
Manufacturing; Industrial Robots – con gurations, drives and controls; Cellular manufacturing and FMS - Group
Technology, CAPP.

Section 5: Quality and Reliability
Metrology and Inspection: Accuracy and precision; Types of errors; Limits, ts and tolerances; Gauge design,
Interchangeability, Selective assembly; Linear, angular, and form measurements (straightness, atness,
roundness, runout and cylindricity) by mechanical and optical methods; Inspection of screw threads and gears;
Surface roughness measurement by contact and non-contact methods.
Quality Management: Quality – concept and costs; Statistical quality control – process capability analysis,
control charts for variables and attributes and acceptance sampling; Six sigma; Total quality management;
Quality assurance and certi cation - ISO 9000, ISO14000.
Reliability and Maintenance: Reliability, availability and maintainability; Distribution of failure and repair times;
Determination of MTBF and MTTR, Reliability models; Determination of system reliability; Preventive and
predictive maintenance and replacement, Total productive maintenance.

Section 6: Industrial Engineering
Product Design and Development: Principles of product design, tolerance design; Quality and cost
considerations; Product life cycle; Standardization, simpli cation, diversi cation; Value engineering and
analysis; Concurrent engineering; Design for “X”.
Work System Design: Taylor’s scienti c management, Gilbreths’s contributions; Productivity – concepts and
measurements; Method study, Micro-motion study, Principles of motion economy; Work measurement – time
study, Work sampling, Standard data, PMTS; Ergonomics; Job evaluation and merit rating.
Facility Design: Facility location factors and evaluation of alternate locations; Types of plant layout and their
evaluation; Computer aided layout design techniques; Assembly line balancing; Materials handling systems.

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Section 7: Operations research and Operations management
Operation Research: Linear programming – problem formulation, simplex method, duality and sensitivity
analysis; Transportation and assignment models; Integer programming; Constrained and unconstrained
nonlinear optimization; Markovian queuing models; Simulation – manufacturing applications.
Engineering Economy and Costing: Elementary cost accounting and methods of depreciation; Break-even
analysis; Techniques for evaluation of capital investments; Financial statements; Activity based costing.
Production Control: Forecasting techniques – causal and time series models, moving average, exponential
smoothing, trend and seasonality; Aggregate production planning; Master production scheduling; MRP, MRP-II
and ERP; Routing, scheduling and priority dispatching; Push and pull production systems, concepts of Lean and
JIT manufacturing systems; Logistics, distribution, and supply chain management; Inventory – functions, costs,
classi cations, deterministic inventory models, quantity discount; Perpetual and periodic inventory control
systems.
Project Management: Scheduling techniques – Gantt chart, CPM, PERT and GERT.

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ST Statistics

Calculus: Finite, countable and uncountable sets; Real number system as a complete ordered eld,
Archimedean property; Sequences of real numbers, convergence of sequences, bounded sequences, monotonic
sequences, Cauchy criterion for convergence; Series of real numbers, convergence, tests of convergence,
alternating series, absolute and conditional convergence; Power series and radius of convergence; Functions of
a real variable: Limit, continuity, monotone functions, uniform continuity, di erentiability, Rolle’s theorem, mean
value theorems, Taylor’s theorem, L’Hospital rules, maxima and minima, Riemann integration and its properties,
improper integrals; Functions of several real variables: Limit, continuity, partial derivatives, directional
derivatives, gradient, Taylor’s theorem, total derivative, maxima and minima, saddle point, method of Lagrange
multipliers, double and triple integrals and their applications.

Matrix Theory: Subspaces of ℝn and ℂn, span, linear independence, basis and dimension, row space and column
space of a matrix, rank and nullity, row reduced echelon form, trace and determinant, inverse of a matrix,
systems of linear equations; Inner products in ℝn and ℂn, Gram-Schmidt orthonormalization; Eigen values and
eigen vectors, characteristic polynomial, Cayley-Hamilton theorem, symmetric, skew-symmetric, Hermitian,
skew-Hermitian, orthogonal, unitary matrices and their eigen values, change of basis matrix, equivalence and
similarity, diagonalizability, positive de nite and positive semi-de nite matrices and their properties, quadratic
forms, singular value decomposition.

Probability: Axiomatic de nition of probability, properties of probability function, conditional probability, Bayes’
theorem, independence of events; Random variables and their distributions, distribution function, probability
mass function, probability density function and their properties, expectation, moments and moment generating
function, quantiles, distribution of functions of a random variable, Chebyshev, Markov and Jensen inequalities.

Standard Discrete and Continuous Univariate Distributions: Bernoulli, binomial, geometric, negative binomial,
hypergeometric, discrete uniform, Poisson, continuous uniform, exponential, gamma, beta, Weibull, normal.

Jointly distributed random variables and their distribution functions, probability mass function, probability
density function and their properties, marginal and conditional distributions, conditional expectation and
moments, product moments, simple correlation coe cient, joint moment generating function, independence of
random variables, functions of random vector and their distributions, distributions of order statistics, joint and
marginal distributions of order statistics; multinomial distribution, bivariate normal distribution, sampling
distributions: central, chi-square, central t, and central F distributions.

Convergence in distribution, convergence in probability, convergence almost surely, convergence in r-th mean
and their inter-relations, Slutsky’s lemma, Borel-Cantelli lemma; weak and strong laws of large numbers;
central limit theorem for i.i.d. random variables, delta method.

Stochastic Processes: Markov chains with nite and countable state space, classi cation of states, limiting
behaviour of n-step transition probabilities, stationary distribution, Poisson process, birth-and-death process,
pure-birth process, pure-death process, Brownian motion and its basic properties.

Estimation: Su ciency, minimal su ciency, factorization theorem, completeness, completeness of exponential
families, ancillary statistic, Basu’s theorem and its applications, unbiased estimation, uniformly minimum
variance unbiased estimation, Rao-Blackwell theorem, Lehmann-Sche e theorem, Cramer-Rao inequality,
consistent estimators, method of moments estimators, method of maximum likelihood estimators and their
properties; Interval estimation: pivotal quantities and con dence intervals based on them, coverage probability.

Testing of Hypotheses: Neyman-Pearson lemma, most powerful tests, monotone likelihood ratio (MLR) property,
uniformly most powerful tests, uniformly most powerful tests for families having MLR property, uniformly most

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powerful unbiased tests, uniformly most powerful unbiased tests for exponential families, likelihood ratio tests,
large sample tests.

Non-parametric Statistics: Empirical distribution function and its properties, goodness of t tests, chi-square
test, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, sign test, Wilcoxon signed rank test, Mann-Whitney U-test, rank correlation
coe cients of Spearman and Kendall.

Multivariate Analysis: Multivariate normal distribution: properties, conditional and marginal distributions,
maximum likelihood estimation of mean vector and dispersion matrix, Hotelling’s T2 test, Wishart distribution
and its basic properties, multiple and partial correlation coe cients and their basic properties.

Regression Analysis: Simple and multiple linear regression, R2 and adjusted R2 and their applications,
distributions of quadratic forms of random vectors: Fisher-Cochran theorem, Gauss-Markov theorem, tests for
regression coe cients, con dence intervals.

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TF Textile Engineering and Fibre Science

Engineering Mathematics
Linear Algebra: Matrices and Determinants; Systems of linear equations; Eigen values and Eigen vectors.
Calculus: Limit, continuity and di erentiability; Successive di erentiation; Partial di erentiation; Maxima and
minima; Errors and approximations; De nite and improper integrals; Sequences and series; Test for
convergence; Power series; Taylor series.
Di erential Equations: First order linear and non-linear di erential equations; Higher order linear di erential
equations with constant coe cients; Euler-Cauchy equation; Partial di erential equations; Wave and heat
equations; Laplace’s equation.
Probability and Statistics: Random variables; Poisson, binomial and normal distributions; Mean, mode, median,
standard deviation; Con dence interval; Test of hypothesis; Correlation analysis; Regression analysis; Analysis
of variance; Control charts.
Numerical Methods: Numerical solutions of linear and non-linear algebraic equations; Numerical integration by
trapezoidal and Simpson’s rules; Single-step and multi-step numerical methods for di erential equations.

Textile Engineering and Fibre Science

Section 1: Textile Fibres
Classi cation of textile bres; Essential requirements of bre forming polymers; Gross and ne structures of
natural bres like cotton, wool, silk; Introduction to bast bres; Properties and uses of natural and man-made
bres including carbon, aramid and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene bres; Physical and chemical
methods of bre and blend identi cation and blend analysis.

Molecular architecture, amorphous and crystalline phases, glass transition, plasticization, crystallization,
melting, factors a ecting Tg and Tm; Polymerization of nylon-6, nylon-66, poly (ethylene terephthalate),
polyacrylonitrile and polypropylene; Melt spinning processes for PET, polyamide and polypropylene; Preparation
of spinning dope; Principles of wet spinning, dry spinning, dry-jet-wet spinning and gel spinning; Spinning of
acrylic, viscose and other regenerated cellulosic bres such as polynosic and lyocell; Post spinning operations
such as drawing, heat setting, tow-to-top conversion; Spin nish composition and applications; Di erent
texturing methods.

Methods of investigating bre structure such as density, x-ray di raction, birefringence, optical and electron
microscopy such as SEM and TEM, I.R. spectroscopy, thermal methods such as DSC, DMA, TMA and TGA;
Structure and morphology of man-made bres; Mechanical properties of bres; Moisture sorption of bres;
Fibre structure-property correlation.

Section 2: Yarn Manufacture, Yarn Structure and Properties
Principles of ginning; Principles of opening, cleaning and blending; Working principles of modern blow room
machines; Fundamentals of carding; Conventional vs. modern carding machine; Card setting; Card clothing;
Periodic mass variation in card sliver; Card auto leveller; Principles of roller drawing; Roller arrangements in
drafting systems; Periodic mass variation in drawn sliver; Draw frame auto leveller; Principles of cotton
combing; Combing cycle and mechanisms; Recent developments in combing machine; Principles of drafting,
twisting, and bobbin building in roving formation; Modern developments in roving machine; Principles of
drafting, twisting and cop building in ring spinning; Causes of end breakages; Modern developments in ring
spinning machine; Working principles of ring doubler and two-for-one twister; Relationship between single yarn
twist and folded yarn twist; Principles of compact, rotor, air-jet, air-vortex, friction, core, wrap and twist-less
spinning processes.

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In uence of bre geometry, bre con guration and bre orientation in yarn; Fibre packing density of yarn; Yarn
diameter; Yarn twist and its relation to yarn strength; Helical arrangement of bres in yarns; Yarn contraction;
Fibre migration in yarns; Stress-strain relation in yarn; Mass irregularity of yarn; Structure-property
relationship in ring, compact, rotor, air-jet and friction spun yarns.

Section 3: Fabric Manufacture, Structure and Properties
Principles of winding processes; Classi cation of winding methods; Patterning mechanism; Yarn clearers and
tensioners; Di erent systems of yarn splicing; Warping objectives and classi cation; Di erent types of warping
creels; Features of beam and sectional warping machines; Di erent sizing systems; Sizing of spun and lament
yarns;Drawing-in process; Principles of pirn winding.

Primary and secondary motions of loom; Shedding motion; Positive and negative shedding mechanisms; Type of
sheds; Tappet, dobby and jacquard shedding; Weft insertion; Mechanics of weft insertion with shuttle; Shuttle
picking and checking; Beat-up; Kinematics of sley; Loom timing diagram; Cam designing; E ect of sley setting
and cam pro le on fabric formation; Take-up and Let-o motions; Warp and weft stop motions; Warp protection;
Weft replenishment; Principles of weft insertion systems of shuttle-less weaving machines such as projectile,
rapier, water-jet and air-jet; Principles of functioning of multiphase and circular looms; Types of selvedges.

Basic woven fabric constructions and their derivatives; Crepe, cord, terry, gauze, leno and double cloth
constructions; Drawing and lifting plans.

Fundamentals of weft knitting; Classi cation of weft knitting technologies; Weft knitted constructions such as
plain, rib, interlock and purl; Di erent knit stitches such as loop, tuck and oat.

Principle of warp knitting; Classi cation of warp knitting technologies; Swinging and shogging motion of guide
bar; Basic warp knit construction such as pillar, tricot, atlas, inlay and nets.Fibre preparation processes for
nonwovens; Web formation and bonding processes;Spun-bonding and melt-blowing technologies; Applications
of nonwoven fabrics.

Principles of braiding; Type of braids; Maypole braiding technology.

Peirce’s equations for plain woven fabric geometry; Elastic a model of plain-woven fabric; Thickness, cover and
maximum set of woven fabrics; Geometry of plain weft knitted loop; Munden’s constants and tightness factor
for plain weft knitted fabrics; Geometry of tubular braids.

Section 4: Textile Testing
Sampling techniques for bres, yarns and fabrics; Sample size and sampling errors.

Moisture in textiles; Fibre length, neness, crimp, maturity and trash content; Tensile testing of bres; High
volume bre testing.

Linear density of sliver, roving and yarn; Twist and hairiness of yarn; Tensile testing of yarns; Evenness testing;
Fault measurement and analysis of yarns.

Fabric thickness, compressibility, sti ness, shear, drape, crease recovery, tear strength, bursting strength,
pilling and abrasion resistance; Tensile testing of fabrics; Objective evaluation of low stress mechanical
characteristics; Air permeability; Wetting and wicking; Water-vapour transmission through fabrics; Thermal
resistance of fabrics.

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Section 5: Chemical Processing
Impurities in natural bre; Singeing; Chemistry and practice of preparatory processes for cotton; Preparatory
processing of wool and silk; Mercerization of cotton; Preparatory processes for manmade bres and their
blends; Optical brightening agent.

Classi cation of dyes; Dyeing of cotton, wool, silk, polyester, nylon and acrylic with appropriate classes of dyes;
Dyeing of polyester/cotton and polyester/wool blends; Dyeing machines; Dyeing processes and machines for
cotton knitted fabrics; Dye- bre interaction; Introduction to thermodynamics and kinetics of dyeing; Brief idea
about the relation between colour and chemical constitution; Beer-Lambert’s law; Kubelka-Munk theory and its
application in colour measurement; Methods for determination of wash, light and rubbing fastness.

Methods of printing such as roller printing and screen printing; Preparation of printing paste; Various types of
thickeners; Printing auxiliaries; Direct styles of printing of (i) cotton with reactive dyes, (ii) wool, silk, nylon with
acid and metal complex dyes, (iii) polyester with disperse dyes; Resist and discharge printing of cotton, silk and
polyester; Pigment printing; Transfer printing of polyester; Inkjet printing; Printing faults.

Mechanical nishing of cotton; Sti , soft, wrinkle resistant, water repellent, ame retardant and enzyme (bio-
polishing) nishing of cotton; Milling, decatizing and shrink resistant nishing of wool; Antistatic and soil
release nishing; Heat setting of synthetic fabrics; Minimum application techniques.

Pollution control and treatment of e uents.

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XE-A Engineering Mathematics (Compulsory for all XE candidates)

Section 1: Linear Algebra
Algebra of real matrices: Determinant, inverse and rank of a matrix; System of linear equations (conditions for
unique solution, no solution and in nite number of solutions); Eigen values and eigen vectors of matrices;
Properties of eigen values and eigen vectors of symmetric matrices, diagonalization of matrices; Cayley-
Hamilton Theorem.

Section 2: Calculus
Functions of Single Variable: Limit, indeterminate forms and L'Hospital's rule; Continuity and differentiability;
Mean value theorems; Maxima and minima; Taylor's theorem; Fundamental theorem and mean value theorem of
integral calculus; Evaluation of definite and improper integrals; Applications of definite integrals to evaluate
areas and volumes (rotation of a curve about an axis).

Functions of Two Variables: Limit, continuity and partial derivatives; Directional derivative; Total derivative;
Maxima, minima and saddle points; Method of Lagrange multipliers; Double integrals and their applications.

Sequences and Series: Convergence of sequences and series; Tests of convergence of series with non-negative
terms (ratio, root and integral tests); Power series; Taylor's series; Fourier Series of functions of period 2π.

Section 3: Vector Calculus
Gradient, divergence and curl; Line integrals and Green's theorem.

Section 4: Complex variables
Complex numbers, Argand plane and polar representation of complex numbers; De Moivre’s theorem; Analytic
functions; Cauchy-Riemann equations.

Section 5: Ordinary Di erential Equations
First order equations (linear and nonlinear); Second order linear differential equations with constant coefficients;
Cauchy-Euler equation; Second order linear differential equations with variable coefficients; Wronskian; Method
of variation of parameters; Eigen value problem for second order equations with constant coe cients; Power
series solutions for ordinary points.

Section 6: Partial Di erential Equations
Classification of second order linear partial differential equations; Method of separation of variables: One
dimensional heat equation and two dimensional Laplace equation.

Section 7: Probability and Statistics
Axioms of probability; Conditional probability; Bayes' Theorem; Mean, variance and standard deviation of
random variables; Binomial, Poisson and Normal distributions; Correlation and linear regression.

Section 8: Numerical Methods
Solution of systems of linear equations using LU decomposition, Gauss elimination method; Lagrange and
Newton's interpolations; Solution of polynomial and transcendental equations by Newton-Raphson method;
Numerical integration by trapezoidal rule and Simpson's rule; Numerical solutions of first order differential
equations by explicit Euler's method.

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XE-B Fluid Mechanics

Section 1: Flow and Fluid Properties
Fluid Properties: Density, viscosity, surface tension, relationship between stress and strain-rate for Newtonian
uids.
Classi cation of Flows: Viscous versus inviscid ows, incompressible versus compressible ows, internal
versus external ows, steady versus unsteady ows, laminar versus turbulent ows, 1-D, 2-D and 3-D ows,
Newtonian versus non-Newtonian uid ow.
Hydrostatics: Buoyancy, manometry, forces on submerged bodies and its stability.

Section 2: Kinematics of Fluid Motion
Eulerian and Lagrangian descriptions of uid motion. Concept of local, convective and material derivatives.
Streamline, streakline, pathline and timeline.

Section 3: Integral Analysis for a Control Volume
Reynolds Transport Theorem (RTT) for conservation of mass, linear and angular momentum.

Section 4: Di erential Analysis
Di erential equations of mass and momentum for incompressible ows.

Inviscid ows - Euler equations and viscous ows - Navier-Stokes equations.

Concept of uid rotation, vorticity, stream function and circulation.

Exact solutions of Navier-Stokes equations for Couette ow and Poiseuille ow, thin lm ow.

Section 5: Dimensional Analysis
Concept of geometric, kinematic and dynamic similarity.

Buckingham Pi theorem and its applications.

Non-dimensional parameters and their physical signi cance - Reynolds number, Froude number and Mach
number.

Section 6: Internal Flows
Fully developed pipe ow.

Empirical relations for laminar and turbulent ows: friction factor, Darcy-Weisbach relation and Moody’s chart.

Major and minor losses.

Section 7: Bernoulli’s Equation and its Applications, Potential Flows
Bernoulli’s Equation: Assumptions and applications.
Flow measurements - Venturi meter, Pitot-static tube and ori ce meter.
Elementary Potential Flows: Velocity potential function.
Uniform ow, source, sink and vortex, and their superposition for ow past simple geometries.

Section 8: External Flows
Prandtl Boundary Layer Equations: Concept and assumptions.
Boundary Layer Characteristics: Boundary layer thickness, displacement thickness and momentum thickness.

Qualitative idea of boundary layer separation, streamlined and blu bodies, and drag and lift forces.

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XE-C Materials Science

Classi cation and Structure of Materials
Classi cation of Materials: Metals, ceramics, polymers and composites.
Nature of Bonding in Materials: Metallic, ionic, covalent and mixed bonding; structure of materials:
fundamentals of crystallography, symmetry operations, crystal systems, Bravais lattices, unit cells, primitive
cells, crystallographic planes and directions; structures of metals, ceramics, polymers, amorphous materials
and glasses.
Defects in Crystalline Materials: 0-D, 1-D and 2-D defects; vacancies, interstitials, solid solutions in metals and
ceramics, Frenkel and Schottky defects; dislocations; grain boundaries, twins, stacking faults; surfaces and
interfaces.

Thermodynamics, Kinetics and Phase Transformations
Extensive and intensive thermodynamic properties, laws of thermodynamics, phase equilibria, phase rule,
phase diagrams (unary and binary), basic electrochemistry.

Reaction kinetics, fundamentals of di usion, Fick’s laws, their solutions and applications.

Solidi cation of pure metals and alloys, nucleation and growth, di usional solid-state phase transformations
(precipitation and eutectoid), martensitic transformation.

Properties and Applications of Materials
Mechanical properties of metals, ceramics, polymers and composites at room temperature; stress-strain
response (elastic, anelastic and plastic deformation).
Electronic Properties: Free electron theory, Fermi energy, density of states, elements of band theory,
semiconductors, Hall e ect, dielectric behaviour, piezo- and ferro-electric behaviour.
Magnetic Properties: Origin of magnetism in materials, para-, dia-, ferro- and ferri-magnetism.
Thermal Properties: Speci c heat, heat conduction, thermal di usivity, thermal expansion, and
thermoelectricity.
Optical Properties: Refractive index, absorption and transmission of electromagnetic radiation.
Examples of materials exhibiting the above properties, and their typical/common applications.

Characterization and Measurements of Properties
X-ray di raction; spectroscopic techniques such as UV-Vis, IR and Raman; optical microscopy, electron
microscopy, composition analysis in electron microscopes. Tensile test, hardness measurement. Electrical
conductivity, carrier mobility and concentrations. Thermal analysis techniques: thermogravimetry and
calorimetry.

Processing of Materials
Heat treatment of ferrous and aluminium alloys; preparation of ceramic powders, sintering; thin lm deposition:
evaporation and sputtering techniques, and chemical vapour deposition, thin lm growth phenomena.

Degradation of Materials
Corrosion and its prevention; embrittlement of metals; polymer degradation.

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XE-D Solid Mechanics

Section 1: Mechanics of rigid bodies
Equivalent force systems; free-body diagrams; equilibrium equations; analysis of determinate trusses and
frames; friction; principle of minimum potential energy; particle kinematics and dynamics; dynamics of rigid
bodies under planar motion; law of conservation of energy; law of conservation of momentum.

Section 2: Mechanics of deformable bodies
Stresses and strains; transformation of stresses and strains, principal stresses and strains; Mohr’s circle for
plane stress and plane strain; generalized Hooke’s Law; elastic constants; thermal stresses; theories of failure.

Axial force, shear force and bending moment diagrams; axial, shear and bending stresses; combined stresses;
de ection (for symmetric bending); torsion in circular shafts; thin walled pressure vessels; energy methods
(Castigliano’s theorems); Euler buckling.

Section 3: Vibrations
Free vibration of undamped single degree of freedom systems.

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XE-E Thermodynamics

Section 1: Basic Concepts
Continuum and macroscopic approach; thermodynamic systems (closed and open); thermodynamic properties
and equilibrium; state of a system, state postulate for simple compressible substances, state diagrams, paths
and processes on state diagrams; concepts of heat and work, di erent modes of work; zeroth law of
thermodynamics; concept of temperature.

Section 2: First Law of Thermodynamics
Concept of energy and various forms of energy; internal energy, enthalpy; speci c heats; rst law applied to
elementary processes, closed systems and control volumes, steady and unsteady ow analysis.

Section 3: Second Law of Thermodynamics
Limitations of the rst law of thermodynamics, concepts of heat engines and heat pumps/refrigerators, Kelvin-
Planck and Clausius statements and their equivalence; reversible and irreversible processes; Carnot cycle and
Carnot principles/theorems; thermodynamic temperature scale; Clausius inequality and concept of entropy;
microscopic interpretation of entropy, the principle of increase of entropy, T-s diagrams; second law analysis of
control volume; availability and irreversibility; third law of thermodynamics.

Section 4: Properties of Pure Substances
Thermodynamic properties of pure substances in solid, liquid and vapor phases; PvT behaviour of simple
compressible substances, phase rule, thermodynamic property tables and charts, ideal and real gases, ideal
gas equation of state and van der Waals equation of state; law of corresponding states, compressibility factor
and generalized compressibility chart.

Section 5: Thermodynamic Relations
TdS relations, Helmholtz and Gibbs functions, Gibbs relations, Maxwell relations, Joule-Thomson coe cient,
coe cient of volume expansion, adiabatic and isothermal compressibilities, Clapeyron and Clapeyron-Clausius
equations.

Section 6: Thermodynamic Cycles
Carnot vapor cycle, ideal Rankine cycle, Rankine reheat cycle, air-standard Otto cycle, air-standard Diesel cycle,
air-standard Brayton cycle, vapor-compression refrigeration cycle.

Section 7: Ideal Gas Mixtures
Dalton’s and Amagat’s laws, properties of ideal gas mixtures, air-water vapor mixtures and simple
thermodynamic processes involving them; speci c and relative humidities, dew point and wet bulb temperature,
adiabatic saturation temperature, psychrometric chart.

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XE-F Polymer Science and Engineering

Section 1: Chemistry of High Polymers
Monomers, functionality, degree of polymerizations, classi cation of polymers, glass transition, melting
transition, criteria for rubberiness, polymerization methods: addition and condensation; their kinetics,
metallocene polymers and other newer methods of polymerization, copolymerization, monomer reactivity ratios
and its signi cance, kinetics, di erent copolymers, random, alternating, azeotropic copolymerization, block and
graft copolymers, techniques for polymerization-bulk, solution, suspension, emulsion. Concept of
intermolecular order (morphology) – amorphous, crystalline, orientation states. Factor a ecting crystallinity.
Crystalline transition. E ect of morphology on polymer properties.

Section 2: Polymer Characterization
Solubility and swelling, Concept of molecular weight distribution and its signi cance, concept of average
molecular weight, determination of number average, weight average, viscosity average and Z-average
molecular weights, polymer crystallinity, analysis of polymers using IR, XRD, thermal (DSC, DMTA, TGA),
microscopic (optical and electronic) techniques, Molecular wt. distribution: Broad and Narrow, GPC, Mooney
viscosity.

Section 3: Synthesis, Manufacturing and Properties
Commodity and general purpose thermoplastics: PE, PP, PS, PVC, Polyesters, Acrylic, PU polymers. Engineering
Plastics: Nylon, PC, PBT, PSU, PPO, ABS, Fluoropolymers Thermosetting polymers: Polyurethane, PF, MF, UF,
Epoxy, Unsaturated polyester, Alkyds. Natural and synthetic rubbers: Recovery of NR hydrocarbon from latex;
SBR, Nitrile, CR, CSM, EPDM, IIR, BR, Silicone, TPE, Speciality plastics: PEK, PEEK, PPS, PSU, PES, etc.
Biopolymers such as PLA, PHA/PHB.

Section 4: Polymer Blends and Composites
Di erence between blends and composites, their signi cance, choice of polymers for blending, blend
miscibility-miscible and immiscible blends, thermodynamics, phase morphology, polymer alloys, polymer
eutectics, plastic-plastic, rubber-plastic and rubber-rubber blends, FRP, particulate, long and short bre
reinforced composites. Polymer reinforcement, reinforcing bres – natural and synthetic, base polymer for
reinforcement (unsaturated polyester), ingredients / recipes for reinforced polymer composite.

Section 5: Polymer Technology
Polymer compounding-need and signi cance, di erent compounding ingredients for rubber and plastics
(Antioxidants, Light stabilizers, UV stabilizers, Lubricants, Processing aids, Impact modi ers, Flame retardant,
antistatic agents. PVC stabilizers and Plasticizers) and their function, use of carbonblack, polymer mixing
equipments, cross-linking and vulcanization, vulcanization kinetics.

Section 6: Polymer Rheology
Flow of Newtonian and non-Newtonian uids, di erent ow equations, dependence of shear modulus on
temperature, molecular/segmental deformations at di erent zones and transitions. Measurements of
rheological parameters by capillary rotating, parallel plate, cone-plate rheometer. Visco-elasticity-creep and
stress relaxations, mechanical models, control of rheological characteristics through compounding, rubber
curing in parallel plate viscometer, ODR and MDR.

Section 7: Polymer Processing
Compression molding, transfer molding, injection molding, blow molding, reaction injection molding, lament
winding, SMC, BMC, DMC, extrusion, pultrusion, calendaring, rotational molding, thermoforming, powder coating,
rubber processing in two-roll mill, internal mixer, twin screw extruder.

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Section 8: Polymer Testing
Mechanical-static and dynamic tensile, exural, compressive, abrasion, endurance, fatigue, hardness, tear,
resilience, impact, toughness. Conductivity-thermal and electrical, dielectric constant, dissipation factor, power
factor, electric resistance, surface resistivity, volume resistivity, swelling, ageing resistance, environmental
stress cracking resistance, limiting oxygen index. Heat de ection temperature – Vicat softening temperature,
Brittleness temperature, Glass transition temperature, Co-e cient of thermal expansion, Shrinkage,
Flammability, dielectric constant, dissipation factor, power factor, Optical Properties - Refractive Index,
Luminous Transmittance and Haze, Melt ow index.

Section 9: Polymer Recycling and Waste management
Polymer waste, and its impact on environment, Sources, Identi cation and Separation techniques, recycling
classi cation, recycling of thermoplastics, thermosets and rubbers, applications of recycled materials. Life
cycle assessment of polymer products (case studies like PET bottles, packaging bags).

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XE-G Food Technology

Section 1: Food Chemistry and Nutrition
Carbohydrates: Structure and functional properties of mono-, oligo-, & poly- saccharides including starch,
cellulose, pectic substances and dietary bre, gelatinization and retrogradation of starch.
Proteins: classi cation and structure of proteins in food, biochemical changes in post mortem and tenderization
of muscles.
Lipids: Classi cation and structure of lipids, rancidity, polymerization and polymorphism.
Pigments: carotenoids, chlorophylls, anthocyanins, tannins and myoglobin.
Food Flavours: Terpenes, esters, aldehydes, ketones and quinines. Enzymes: speci city, simple and inhibition
kinetics, coenzymes, enzymatic and non- enzymatic browning.
Nutrition: Balanced diet, essential amino acids and essential fatty acids, protein e ciency ratio, water soluble
and fat soluble vitamins, role of minerals in nutrition, co-factors, anti-nutrients, nutraceuticals, nutrient
de ciency diseases.
Chemical and Biochemical Changes: Changes occurring in foods during di erent processing.

Section 2: Food Microbiology
Characteristics of Microorganisms: Morphology of bacteria, yeast, mold and actinomycetes, spores and
vegetative cells, gram-staining.
Microbial Growth: Growth and death kinetics, serial dilution technique.
Food Spoilage: Spoilage microorganisms in di erent food products including milk, sh, meat, egg, cereals and
their products.
Toxins from Microbes: Pathogens and non-pathogens including Staphylococcus, Salmonella, Shigella,
Escherichia, Bacillus, Clostridium, and Aspergillus genera.
Fermented Foods and Beverages: Curd, yoghurt, cheese, pickles, soya-sauce, sauerkraut, idli, dosa, vinegar,
alcoholic beverages and sausage.

Section 3: Food Products Technology
Processing Principles: Thermal processing, chilling, freezing, dehydration, addition of preservatives and food
additives, irradiation, fermentation, hurdle technology, intermediate moisture foods. Food pack aging and
storage: packaging materials, aseptic packaging, controlled and modi ed atmosphere storage. Cereal
processing and products: milling of rice, wheat, and maize, parboiling of paddy, bread, biscuits, extruded
products and ready to eat breakfast cereals.
Oil Processing: Expelling, solvent extraction, re ning and hydrogenation.
Fruits and Vegetables Processing: Extraction, clari cation, concentration and packaging of fruit juice, jam, jelly,
marmalade, squash, candies, tomato sauce, ketchup, and puree, potato chips, pickles.
Plantation crops processing and products: Tea, co ee, cocoa, spice, extraction of essential oils and oleoresins
from spices.
Milk and Milk Products Processing: Pasteurization and sterilization, cream, butter, ghee, ice- cream, cheese and
milk powder. Processing of animal products: drying, canning, and freezing of sh and meat; production of egg
powder.
Waste Utilization: Pectin from fruit wastes, uses of by-products from rice milling.
Food Standards and Quality Maintenance: FPO, PFA, A-Mark, ISI, HACCP, food plant sanitation and cleaning in
place (CIP).

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Section 4: Food Engineering
Mass and energy balance.
Momentum Transfer: Flow rate and pressure drop relationships for Newtonian uids owing through pipe,
Reynolds number. Heat transfer: heat transfer by conduction, convection, radiation, heat exchangers.
Mass Transfer: Molecular di usion and Flick's law, conduction and convective mass transfer, permeability
through single and multilayer lms.
Mechanical Operations: Size reduction of solids, high pressure homogenization, ltration, centrifugation,
settling, sieving, mixing & agitation of liquid. Thermal operations: thermal sterilization, evaporation of liquid
foods, hot air drying of solids, spray and freeze-drying, freezing and crystallization.
Mass Transfer Operations: Psychometric, humidi cation and dehumidi cation operations.

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XE-H Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences

Section A: Atmospheric Science
Vertical Structure and Composition of the Atmosphere; Blackbody Radiation and Radiation Balance; Modes of
Heat Transfer in the Atmosphere; Greenhouse E ect; Cloud Types; Laws of Thermodynamics; Gas Laws;
Hydrostatic Equation; Clausius Clapeyron Equation; Adiabatic Processes, Humidity in the Atmosphere,
Atmospheric Stability; Weather and Climate.

Navier-Stokes and Continuity Equations; Compressible and Incompressible Fluids; Pressure Gradient,
Centripetal, Centrifugal and Coriolis Forces; Geostrophic, Gradient and Cyclostrophic Balances; Circulations and
Vorticity, General Circulation of the Atmosphere. Broad Features of Indian Monsoons, Monsoon Depressions;
Tropical Convergence Zones; Tropical Cyclones.

Section B: Ocean Sciences
Vertical Pro les of Temperature and Salinity; Stability and Double Di usion; Equation of State, Equations for
Conservation of Mass, Momentum, Heat and Salt; Inertial Currents; Geostrophic Motion; Air-Sea Surface Fluxes;
Wind-driven Circulation, Ekman and Sverdrup Transports; Storm Surges, Tides, Tsunamis and Wind Waves;
Eddies and Gyres; Eastern and Western Boundary Currents, Equatorial Currents, Indian Ocean Current Systems;
Thermohaline Circulation.

Chemical Properties of Seawater, Major and Minor Elements, Ocean Acidi cation, Biochemical Cycling of
Nutrients, Trace Metals and Organic Matter. Biological Pump; Primary and Secondary Biological Productivity;
Air-sea Exchange of Biogenic Dissolved Gases; Marine Ecology.

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Reasoning and Comprehension
XH-B1
(Compulsory for all XH candidates)

This part is to test the candidate’s ability to comprehend and interpret written information – skills that are critical
to research in the Humanities and Social Sciences. The section will not directly test language competence in
terms of grammar, vocabulary etc. The focus is instead on critical reasoning (similar to what is often found in
exams like LSAT, GRE, GMAT etc.) and analysis of the text and its stylistic and rhetorical structure.

Questions of this section XH-B1 will test the following skills:

Reading Comprehension: Ability to understand complex language material in short paragraphs and answer
questions regarding them.

Expression: Questions on stylistic and rhetorical aspects of a short passage including corrections or
modifications of particular sentences.

Analytical Reasoning: ability to understand relationships in statements or short passages and being able to draw
reasonable conclusions/inferences from them.

Logical Reasoning: Thinking critically to evaluate or to predict an argument, identify the main and supporting
arguments, predict outcomes etc.

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XH-C1 Economics

C1.1 Microeconomics: Theory of Consumer Behaviour: Cardinal Approach and Ordinal Approach; Consumer
Preferences; Nature of the utility function; Marshallian and Hicksian demand functions; Duality Theorem.
Slutsky equation and Comparative Statics. Homogeneous and Homothetic Utility Functions; Euler’s Theorem.
The Theory of Revealed Preference: Weak Axiom of Revealed Preference and Strong Axiom of Revealed
Preference, Theory of Production and Costs: Short-run and Long-run Analysis, Existence, Uniqueness and
Stability of Market Equilibrium: Walrasian and Marshallian Stability Analysis. The Cobweb Model, Decision
making under uncertainty and risk. Asymmetric Information: Adverse Selection and Moral Hazard. Theory of
Agency costs. The Theory of Search, Non-Cooperative games: Constant sum game, Mixed Strategy & Pure
Strategy, Bayesian Nash Equilibrium, SPNE, Perfect Bayesian Equilibria., Theory of Firm: Market Structures —
Competitive and Non-competitive equilibria and their e ciency properties. Structure-Conduct-Performance
Paradigm, Factor Pricing: Marginal productivity Theory of Distribution in Perfectly Competitive markets; Theory
of Employment in Imperfectly Competitive Markets — Monopolistic Exploitation, General Equilibrium Analysis.
Welfare Economics: Fundamental Theorems, Social Welfare Function. E ciency Criteria: Pareto-Optimality.

C1.2 Macroeconomics: National Income Accounting: Closed Economy Concepts and Measurement and Open
Economy Issues, Determination of output and employment: Classical & Keynesian Framework, Theories of
Consumption: Absolute Income Hypothesis, Relative Income Hypothesis, Life Cycle Hypothesis, Permanent
Income Hypothesis and Robert Hall’s Random Walk Model; Investment Function Speci cations - Dale
Jorgenson’s Neoclassical Theory of Capital Accumulation and Tobin’s, Keynesian Stabilization Policies,
(Autonomous) Multipliers and Investment Accelerator, Demand and Supply of Money, Components of Money
Supply, Liquidity Preference and Liquidity Trap, Money Multiplier, Interest Rate determination, Central Banking,
Objectives, Instruments (Direct and Indirect) of Monetary Policy, Prudential Regulation, Quantitative Easing
(Unconventional Monetary Policy), Commercial Banking, Non-Banking Financial Institutions, Capital Market and
its Regulation, Theories of In ation and Expectations Augmented Phillips Curve, Real Business Cycles, Adaptive
Expectations Hypothesis, Rational Expectation Hypothesis and its critique. Closed Economy IS – LM Model and
Mundell Fleming Model: Monetary and Fiscal Policy E cacy. The Impossible Trinity.

C1.3 Statistics, Econometrics and Mathematical Economics: Probability Theory: Concepts of probability,
Probability Distributions [Discrete and Continuous], Central Limit Theorem, Index Numbers and Construction of
Price Indices, Sampling Methods & Sampling Distribution, Statistical Inferences, Hypothesis Testing, Linear
Regression Models and the Gauss Markov Theorem, Heteroscedasticity, Multicollinearity and Autocorrelation,
Spurious regressions and Unit roots, Simultaneous Equation Models – recursive and non-recursive.
Identi cation Problem, Di erential Calculus and its Applications, Linear Algebra – Matrices, Applications of
Cramer’s Rule, Static Optimization Problems and Applications, Input-Output Model, Linear Programming,
Di erence equations and Di erential equations with applications

C1.4 International Economics: Theories of International Trade, International Trade under Imperfect Competition,
Gains from Trade, Terms of Trade, Trade Multiplier, Tari and Non-Tari barriers to trade; Dumping and Anti-
Dumping Policies, GATT, WTO and Regional Trade Blocks; Trade Policy Issues, Balance of Payments:
Composition, Equilibrium and Disequilibrium and Adjustment Mechanisms, Foreign Exchange Market and
Arbitrage, Exchange rate determination, IMF & World Bank.

C1.5 Public Economics: Market Failure and Remedial Measures: Asymmetric Information, Public Goods,
Externality, Regulation of Market – Collusion and Consumers’ Welfare, Public Revenue: Tax & Non-Tax Revenue,
Direct & Indirect Taxes, Progressive and non-Progressive Taxation, Incidence and E ects of Taxation, Public
expenditure, Public Debt and its management, Public Budget and Budget Multiplier, Tax Incidence, Fiscal Policy
and its implications, Environment as a Public Good, Market Failure and Coase Theorem, Cost-Bene t Analysis.

C1.6 Development Economics: Theories of Economic Development: Adam Smith, David Ricardo, Karl Marx, J.
Schumpeter, W. Rostow, Balanced & Unbalanced Growth, Big Push Approach, Indicators of Economic
Development: HDI, SDGs, MDGs, Poverty and Inequalities – Concepts and Measurement Issues, Social Sector
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Development: Health, Education, Gender, Fertility, Morbidity, Mortality, Migration, Child Labor, Age Structure,
Demographic Dividend, Models of Economic Growth: Harrod-Domar, Solow, Ramsey, Technical progress –
Disembodied & Embodied, Endogenous Growth Models.

C1.7 Indian Economy: Economic Growth in India: Pattern and Structure, Agriculture, Industry & Services Sector:
Pattern & Structure of Growth, Major Challenges, Policy Responses, Rural & Urban Development – Issues,
Challenges & Policy Responses, Flow of Foreign Capital, Trade Policies, Infrastructure Development: Physical
and Social; Public-Private Partnerships, Reforms in Land, Labour and Capital Markets, Poverty, Inequality &
Unemployment, Functioning of Monetary Policy in India, Fiscal Policy in the Indian context: Structure of Receipts
and Expenditure, Tax reforms-Goods and Services Tax, Issues of Growth and Equity, Fiscal Federalism, Centre-
State Financial Relations and Finance Commissions of India; Sustainability of De cits and Debt, The Fiscal
Responsibility and Budget Management Act 2003, Demonetization and aftermath. India’s balance of payments,
Composition of India’s Trade, Competitiveness of India’s exports, India’s exchange rate policy.

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XH-C2 English

C2.1 Multi-genre literatures in English—poetry, the novel and other forms of ction including the short story,
drama, creative non- ction, and non- ction prose—with emphasis on the long 19th and 20th centuries.
C2.2 Especially in a comparative context, anglophone and in English translation, literatures from India and,
extending to some degree, the larger Indian subcontinent.
C2.3 Literary criticism and theory; critical and cultural intellectual-traditions and approaches widely referred to
and used in the discipline of English.
C2.4 History of English literature and English literary studies.
C2.5 Research approaches and methodologies, including interpretive techniques responsive to literary forms,
devices, concepts, and genres.

Note:
(i) The ve units above list aspects that the question paper will include rather than signal separate modules or
sections. These ve units listed are not necessarily exclusive to each other either. The question paper will also
not be divided into sections corresponding to the above aspects; and
(ii) While the paper will test candidates for a reasonable breadth of disciplinary knowledge, it would prioritize
conceptual depth and methodological sensitivity demonstrative of disciplinary training over information,
wherever possible.

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XH-C3 Linguistics

C3.1 Language and Linguistics
Language spoken, written and signed; description and prescription; language and cultural heritage; language
and social identity; language as an object of inquiry – its structure, units and components; design features;
writing systems; biological foundations and language faculty; linguistic competence and performance; levels of
grammar; contrast and complementation; rules - context dependent and context free; levels of adequacy for
analysis; interdisciplinary approaches; schools of linguistic thought (European, American) and the Indian
Grammatical Tradition.

C3.2 Levels of Grammar and Grammatical Analysis
A. Phonetics and Phonology: Vocal tract anatomy; phonation; articulatory parameters; classi cation of sounds;
gestural theory of speech production; cardinal vowels; secondary and co-articulation; suprasegmentals - length,
stress, tone, intonation and juncture; IPA; basic physics of sound and of phonation and articulation; acoustic
cues for speech sounds; organisation of phones into phonemes; phoneme inventories and cross-linguistic
properties; syllable structure and phonological properties; principles of phonological analysis - phonetic
similarity, contrastive and complementary distribution, free variation, allophones; linear and non-linear
approaches; levels of representation; phonological rules; distinctive features (major class, manner, place, etc.);
feature geometry; rule ordering, markedness and unspeci ed featural values; core principles of lexical
phonology, optimality theory, autosegmental phonology and prosodic morphology.

B. Morphology: Concepts of morpheme, morph, allomorph, zero allomorph, conditions on allomorphs; lexeme
and word; types of morphemes – structural and functional; a xes vs clitics; grammatical categories;
morphological theories – generative, lexicalist, process and distributed morphology; identi cation of
morphemes and parts of speech; alternation; morphophonology; in ection vs. derivation; conjugation and
declension; word creation and word formation rules and processes; creativity and productivity, blocking,
bracketing paradoxes, constraints on a x ordering; mental lexicon; lexical categories; valency changing
operations.

C. Syntax: Basic syntactic units and their types: word, phrase, clause, sentence and their description and
generation; grammatical and case relations; key ideas fromsyntactic theories, Generative Grammars including
Minimalist Program, HPSG, Relational Grammar and Lexical Functional Grammar; phrase structure rules
(including X-bar theory); universal grammar and cross-linguistic properties; idea of grammaticality judgements;
solving the language acquisition problem; diagnostics of structure; syntactic phenomena such as movement,
binding, ellipses, case-checking, islands, argument structure etc.; unergatives and unaccusatives.

D. Semantics and Pragmatics: Types of meaning, lexical and compositional; syntax-semantics interface
(semantic roles, binding, scope, LF etc.); sense and reference, connotation and denotation, lexical semantic
relations (homonymy, hypo/hypernymy, antonymy, synonymy, ambiguity); prototype theory and componential
analysis; sentence meaning and truth conditions, contradictions, entailment; basic set theory; propositions, truth
values, sentential connectives; arguments, predicates, quanti ers, variables; in/de niteness, mood and
modality; language use in context; sentence meaning and utterance meaning; speech acts; deixis;
presupposition and implicature: Gricean maxims; information structure; politeness, power and solidarity;
discourse analysis.

C3.3 Historical Linguistics
Neogrammarian laws of phonetic change such as Grimm’s, Verner’s, Grassmann’s Laws; genesis and spread of
sound change; split and merger; conditioned vs. unconditioned change; lexical di usion of sound change;
analogical changes and paradigm levelling; relative chronology of di erent changes; study of sound change in

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progress; morphosyntactic (syncretism, grammaticalisation and lexicalisation) and semantic change (extension,
narrowing, gurative speech); linguistic reconstruction - external vs. internal: the comparative method;
lexicostatistics; language contact and dialect geography – borrowing and impact of borrowing; pidgins and
creoles; bi- and multilingualism as the source for borrowing; dialect geography - dialect atlas; isogloss, focal,
transition and relic areas.

C3.4 Sociolinguistics
Micro-and macro approaches to language in society; linguistic repertoire language, dialect, sociolect, idiolect;
diglossia; taboo, slang and euphemism; elaborated and restricted codes; speech community and communicative
competence; ethnography of speaking; lingua franca; diasporic language; linguistic variables and their co-
variation along linguistic/social dimensions; language policies and development (especially inIndia); language
contact and outcomes (language loss, pidginization and creolization); code-mixing and code-switching; language
movements – state and societal interventions; script development and modi cations; linguistic minorities;
language ecology and endangerment linguistic vitality, language endangerment (EGIDS scale), parameters of
endangerment, documentation and revitalisation.

C3.5 Areal Typology, Universals, Cross-linguistic Features
Morphological types of languages agglutinative, analytical (isolating), synthetic fusional (in ecting),
polysynthetic (incorporating) languages; formal and substantive universals, absolute and statistical universals;
implicational and non-implicational universals (Greenberg); linguistic relatedness—genetic, typological and
areal classi cation of languages; universals and parametric variation; word order typology; salient features of
South Asian languages - Indo-Aryan, Dravidian, Austro-Asiatic, and Tibeto-Burman language families; Linguistic
Survey of India; contact induced typological change.

C3.6 Methods of Analysis
Experimental and non-experimental methods; sampling and tools; identi cation of variables and their variants;
data processing and interpretation; quantitative analysis of data; ethnomethodology; participant observation;
eld methods and elicitation; document creation; ethics.

C3.7 Applied Linguistics: Psycholinguistics — the study of how humans learn, represent, comprehend, and
produce language. Topics include word recognition and storage, sentence production and comprehension,
reading, speech perception, language acquisition, neural representation of language, bilingualism, and language
disorders.

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XH-C4 Philosophy

C4.1 Classical Indian Philosophy
C4.1.1 Orthodox Systems: Sānkhya- Puruṣa, Prakṛti, Guṇas, Satkāryavāda, Mokṣa (Kaivalya), Pramāṇas and
Theory of Error, Yoga – Pramāṇas, Theory of Error, Iśvara, Citta, Kleśa, Aṣṭānga-yoga, Kaivalya (Mokṣa), Nyāya –
Pramāṇas, Hetvābhāsa, Iśvara, Asatkāryavāda, Theory of Error, Navya-Nyāya, Vaiśeṣika – Parataḥprāmāṇya,
Padārthas (categories), Theory of Atomism (paramāṇuvāda), Mīmāmsā– Dharma, Apūrva, Mokṣa, Pramāṇas
(both in Kumārila and Prabhākara), Anyathākhyāti, and, Vedānta– Advaita (Adhyāsa, Brahman, Iśvara, Ātman,
Jīva, Mokṣa, Viśiṣṭādvaita (Tattva-traya, Mokṣa, and Refutation of Māyāvāda), Dvaita, Dvaitādvaita, Śuddhādvaita,
Pramāṇa in Advaita and Viśiṣṭādvaita.

C4.1.2 Heterodox Systems: Cārvāka – Pramāṇa, Indian marerislism and Hedonism, Jainism- Pramāṇas,
Syādvāda, Anekāntavāda, Padārtha (categories), Jīva and Ajīva, Mokṣa, Mahāvrata, Aṇuvrata, and, Buddhism –
Ti-piṭaka, Sarvāstivāda, Sautrāntika, Mādhyamika, Yogācāra-Vijñānavāda, Pañca-skandha, Anityavāda,
Anātmavāda, Doctrine of Momentariness, Doctrine of Dependent Origination, Pramānas, Doctrine of Two Truths,
Doctrine of Tri-kāya, Ṣaḍ-pāramitās, Brahmavihāras, Pāñcaśīla, and Bodhisattva Ideal, and Upāyakauśalya.

C4.1.3 Upaniṣads, Bhagavadgītā, and Dharmaśāstras: Philosophy of the Upaniṣads – Pure Monism, Brahmam
and Ātman, Pañca-kośa, Parā-vidyā and Aparā-vidyā, Meaning of Dharma, Ṛta, Purusārtha, Śreyas and Preyas,
Varṇāśrama-dharma, Dharma- Svadharma and Sādhāraṇa Dharma, Ṛna, Yajña, Karma-yoga, Sthitaprajña,
Lokasaṃgraha, and Law of Karma.

C4.1.4 KāṣmiraŚaivism, Śaivasiddhānta, VīraŚaivism, Śāktism and Vaiṣṇavism: KāṣmīraŚaivism – Pratyābhijña
school, Śiva and Śakti, and Conception of Kriyā, Śaivasiddhānta – God (pati) and Divine Power (śakti), Proofs for
God’s Existence, Bondage and Liberation, VīraŚaivism – Philosophical basis of VīraŚaivism, Śāktism -
Philosophical basis of Śāktism, and Vaiṣṇavism – Philosophical basis of Vaiṣṇavism.

C4.2 Contemporary Indian Philosophy
C4.2.1 Vivekananda: Notion of God, Freedom and Karma, Nature of Soul/self, Practical Vedanta, and Universal
Religion. Aurobindo: World Process – Involution and Evolution, Four Theories of Existence, The Supermind,
Integral Yoga, and Gnostic Being. Iqbal: Nature of Intuition, Nature of Self, and Notion of God. Tagore: Humanism
and Nature of Man, Notion of Religion, and Nationalism. K. C. Bhattacharyya: Concept of Absolute and Its
Alternative Forms, and Notion Subjectivity and Freedom. Radhakrishnan: Nature of Ultimate Reality, Religious
Experience, Intellect and Intuition, Hindu View of Life. J. Krishnamurti: Notion of Freedom, Choiceless
Awareness, Truth is a Pathless Land, and Notion of Education. Gandhi: Notion of Truth, Non-violence,
Satyagraha, Swaraj, and Trusteeship. Ambedkar: Annihilation of Caste, Neo-Buddhism, Democracy, and Natural
Rights and Law. M. N. Roy: Radical Humanism and Materialism.

C4.3 Classical and Modern Western Philosophy
C4.3.1 Metaphysics: Pre-Socratic Philosophy of Thales, Anaxagoras, Anaximenies, Ionians, Pythagoras,
Parmenides, Heraclitus and Democritus. Metaphysics of Plato and Aristotle: The question of Being (to on/ousia):
Being as Idea in Plato's Phaedo, Republic and the Sophist, Being as synthesis of hyle [matter] and morphe [form]
in Aristotle's Metaphysics and Physics. Problem of evil and existence of God in St. Augustine, St. Anselm, and St.
Thomas Aquinas Metaphysics in Modern Philosophy: Substance, Mind-Body Dualism, Attribute, Parallelism, Pre-
established harmony, the existence of God, Problem of Solipsism, Self and Personal Identity, Rejection of
Metaphysics, Phenomena and Noumena, Transcendental Deduction of Categories, Being and Becoming, Absolute
Idealism

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C4.3.2 Epistemology: Plato and Aristotle’s Theory of Knowledge, Doxa, Episteme, and Sophia, Method of
Dialectics, Theoretical and Practical Reason, Theory of Causation, Descarte’s Method of Doubt, cogito ergo sum,
Innate Ideas and its refutation, Principle of Non-contradiction, Su cient Reason, and Identity of Indiscernible,
Locke’s Three Grades of Knowledge, Berkeley’s Critique of Abstract Ideas, Hume’s Impressions and Ideas,
Induction and Causality, Kant’s Copernican Revolution, Forms of Sensibility, Possibility of Synthetic a priori
Judgments. Hegel’s Dialectics, Spirit, and Absolute Idealism.

C4.3.3 Ethics: Concepts of Good, Right, Justice, Duty, Obligation, Cardinal Virtues, Eudaemonism; Intuition as
explained in Teleological and Deontological Theories; Egoism, Altruism, Universalism, Subjectivism, Cultural
Relativism, Super-naturalism, Ethical realism and Intuitionism, Kant’s moral theory, Postulates of Morality,
Good-will, Categorical Imperative, Duty, Means and ends, Maxims; Utilitarianism: Principle of Utility, Problem of
Sanction and Justi cation of Morality, Moral theories of Bentham, J. S. Mill, Sidgwick; Theories of Punishment;
Ethical Cognitivism and Non-cognitivism, Emotivism, Prescriptivism, Descriptivism.

C4.3.4 Social and Political Philosophy: Plato’s theory of Justice and State, Aristotle’s de nition of State and
Political Naturalism; Classical Liberalism and Social Contract Theory (Hobbes, Rousseau, Locke); Marx’s
Dialectical Materialism, Alienation, and critique of Capitalism.

C4.3.5 Logic: Truth and Validity, Nature of Propositions, Categorical Syllogism, Laws of Thought Classi cation of
Propositions Square of Opposition, Truth-Functions and Propositional Logic, Quanti cation and Rules of
Quanti cation; Symbolic Logic: Use of symbols; Truth Table for testing the validity of arguments; Di erences
between Deductive and Inductive Logic, Causality and Mill’s Method.

C4.4 Contemporary Western Philosophy
C4.4.1 Frege’s Sense and Reference; Logical Positivism’s Veri cation theory of meaning, Elimination of
Metaphysics; Moore’s Distinction between Sense and Reference, Defense of common-sense, Proof of an
External World; Russell’s Logical Atomism, De nite Descriptions, Refutation of Idealism; Wittgenstein on
Language and Reality, the Picture Theory, critique of private language, Meaning and Use, Forms of life; Gilbert
Ryle on Systematically Misleading Expressions, critique of Cartesian dualism; W.V.O. Quine’s Two Dogmas of
Empiricism; P.F. Strawson’s concept of Person; Husserl’s Phenomenological Method, Philosophy as a rigorous
science, Intentionality, Phenomenological Reduction, Inter-subjectivity; Heidegger’s concept of Being (Dasein),
Being in the world; Sartre’s Concept of Freedom, Bad-faith, Humanism; Merleau-Ponty on Perception, Embodied
Consciousness; William James’s Pragmatic Theories of Meaning and Truth, Varieties of Religious experience;
John Dewey on Pragmatist Epistemology with focus on Inquiry, fallibilism and Experience, Education; Nietzsche
on the Critique of Enlightenment, Will to Power, Genealogy of Moral; Richard Rorty’s Critique of
Representationalism, Against Epistemological method, Edifying Philosophy, Levinas: Ethics as a rst philosophy,
Philosophy of ‘other’; Rawls’ Veil of Ignorance, Principle of Justice; Nozick’s critique of Rawls, Libertarianism:
Charles Taylor’s Communitarianism, critique of the Liberal Self, Politics of recognition; Martha Nussbaum’s
Liberal Feminism and Capability Approach; Simone de Beauvoir on Situated Freedom and Ethics of Ambiguity;
Code and Harding on Situated Knowledge and Strong and Weak Objectivity; Gilligan and Noddings on Ethics of
Care, Debate between Care and Justice.

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XH-C5 Psychology

C5.1 Research Methods and Statistics

C5.1.1 Approaches to Research: Philosophical worldviews & criteria involved in approach. Research design:
quantitative & qualitative, mixed methods.

C5.1.2 Designing Research: Research problems, purpose statement, Variables and Operational De nitions,
Hypothesis, Sampling.

C5.1.3 Nature of Quantitative & Qualitative Research: Structured, semi-structured interviewing, self-completion
questionnaires (Survey), observation, Experimental, Quasi-experimental, Field studies, Focus groups
discussions, Narratives, Case studies, Ethnography.

C5.1.4 Ethics in conducting and reporting research.

C5.1.5 Statistics in Psychology: Measures of Central Tendency and Dispersion. Normal Probability Curve.
Parametric and Non-parametric tests E ect size and Power analysis.

C5.1.6 Correlational Analysis: Correlation [Product Moment, Rank Order], Partial correlation, multiple
correlation. Special Correlation Methods: Biserial, Point biserial, tetrachoric, phi coe cient. Regression: Simple
linear regression, Multiple regression. Factor analysis: Assumptions, Methods, Rotation and Interpretation.

C5.1.7 Experimental Designs: ANOVA [One-way, Factorial], Randomized Block Designs, Repeated Measures
Design, Latin Square, Cohort studies, Time series, MANOVA, ANCOVA. Single-subject designs.

C5.2 Psychometrics: Foundations of Psychological measurement; Basic components: scales and items’
Construction and analysis of items: Intelligence test items, performance tests, Ability & Aptitude test,
Personality questionnaires. Method of test construction, Standardization of measures: Reliability, Validity,
Norms, Application of assessment and measurements in Tests— Applications of psychological testing in
various settings-educations, counselling and guidance, clinical, organizational and developmental.

C5.3 Biological and Evolutionary Basis of Behaviour: Heredity and behaviour Evolution and natural selection,
Nervous system, structures of the brain and their functions, Neurons: Structure, functions, types, neural
impulse, synaptic transmission. Neurotransmitters. Hemispheric lateralization, The endocrine system types
and functions, Biological basis of Motivation: Hunger, Thirst, Sleep and Sex. Biological basis of emotion: The
Limbic system, Hormonal regulation of behaviour. Methods of Physiological Psychology: Invasive methods –
Anatomical methods, degeneration techniques, lesion techniques, chemical methods, microelectrode studies,
Non-invasive methods – EEG, Scanning methods, Muscular and Glandular system: Genetics and behaviour:
Chromosomal anomalies; Nature-Nurture controversy [Twin studies and adoption studies]

C5.4 Perception, Learning, Memory and Forgetting: What is sensation, sensory thresholds and sensory
adaptations, Vision, hearing, touch and pain, smell and taste, kinesthesis and vestibular sense, Perception: role
of attention; organizing principles of perception, gestalt perception, depth perception and illusions, Theories of
learning: classical conditioning, operant conditioning, social learning theory, cognitive learning, Memory:
encoding, storage, retrieval, Information processing theories of memory, Retrieval in Long term memory,
reconstructive nature of long-term memory, Forgetting: encoding failure, interference theory, memory trace
decay theory, the physical aspects of memory.

C5.5 Cognition: Thinking, Intelligence and Language: Basic elements of though: Concepts, Propositions, Imagery.
Current paradigms of cognitive psychology – Information processing approach, ecological approach, Problem
solving: Methods of problem solving, Strategies and obstacles, Role of Metacognitive processing, decision-

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making: choosing among alternatives, Intelligence: Theories of intelligence (Spearman; Thurstone; Jensen;
Cattell; Gardner; Stenberg) and Emotional Intelligence; Measuring intelligence, Individual di erences in
Intelligence; Role of heredity and environment, Di erence between Intelligence, Aptitude and Creativity.

C5.6 Personality: Theories of personality: Psychoanalytic, behaviourist, social cognitive view, humanism and
trait and type theories, Biology of personality and Assessment of personality.

C5.7 Motivation, Emotion and Stress and Coping: Approaches to understanding motivation: instinct, drive-
reduction, arousal, incentive, humanistic, Achievement motivation, Intrinsic motivation, aggression, curiosity and
exploration, Emotions: nature of emotions; biological basis of emotions, Theories of emotions: James-Lange,
Canon-Bard, Schachter and Singer, Lazarus, De nition of stress; what are stressors; cognitive factors in stress,
Factors in stress reaction: General adaptation syndrome; e ect of stress, Coping with stress: problem-focused
coping; emotion-focused coping, REBT and meditation

C5.8 Social Psychology: Social perception: Attribution; impression formation; social categorization, implicit
personality theory, Social in uence: conformity, compliance and obedience, Attitudes, beliefs and values:
Evaluating the social world, attitude formation, attitude change and persuasion, cognitive dissonance, Prejudice,
discrimination, Aggression, power and prosocial behaviour, Belief systems and value patterns. Group dynamics,
leadership style and e ectiveness, Theories of intergroup relations and con icts.

C5.9 Development Across the Life Span: Nature versus nurture in human development, Prenatal development:
Chromosomes, Genes and DNA. Physical, cognitive and psychosocial development in infancy, childhood,
adolescence and adulthood, Theories of aging, Moral development.

C5.10 Applications of Psychology: Psychological disorders: Conceptions of mental disorders; Assessment and
diagnosis, DSM and Other tools, PTSD and Trauma; Psychotherapies: Psychodynamic, Phenomenological/
Experiential therapy; Behaviour therapy; cognitive therapy; biological therapy, Applications of theories of
motivation and learning in School: Factors in educational achievement; counselling & guidance in schools,
Application of theories of motivation, learning, emotions, perceptions, group dynamics & leadership to
organizational set up, Issues of Personal space, crowding, and territoriality.

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XH-C6 Sociology

C6.1 Sociological Theory

C6.1.1 Classical Sociological Traditions: Emile Durkheim (Social Solidarity, Social Facts, Religion, Functionalism,
Suicide, Anomie, Division of Labour, Law; Max Weber (Types of authority, Social action, Protestant ethic and the
spirit of capitalism, Bureaucracy, Ideal type, Methodology); Karl Marx: Class and class con ict, dialectical and
historical materialism, capitalism, surplus value, alienation).

C6.1.2 Structural-Functionalism and Structuralism: Bronislaw Malinowski; A.R. Radcli e- Brown, Talcott
Parsons (AGIL, Systems approach), Robert K. Merton (Middle range theory, reference groups, latent and
manifest function), Claude Levi Strauss (Myths, Structuralism).

C6.1.3 Hermeneutic and Interpretative Traditions: G.H. Mead, Alfred Schutz (Phenomenology); Harold Gar nkel
(Ethnomethodology); Erving Go man (Symbolic interaction, dramaturgy); Cli ord Geertz (Culture, thick
description).

C6.1.4 Post-Modernism, Post-Structuralism and Post-Colonialism: Pierre Bourdieu, Michel Foucault, Jurgen
Habermas, Anthony Giddens, Frankfurt School.

C6.1.5 Con ict Theory: Ralf Dahrendorf; C Wright Mills.

C6.1.6 Indian Thinkers: M.K. Gandhi, B.R. Ambedkar, Radha Kamal Mukherjee, G. S. Ghurye, M.N. Srinivas, Irawati
Karve.

C6.2 Research Methodology and Methods

C6.2.1 Conceptualizing Social Reality: Philosophy of Science; Scienti c Method and Epistemology in Social
Science; Hermeneutic Traditions; Objectivity and Re exivity in Social Science; Ethics and Politics of research.

C6.2.2 Research Design: Reading Social Science Research, Data and Documents; Induction and Deduction; Fact,
Concept and Theory; Hypotheses, Research Questions, Objectives.

C6.2.3 Quantitative and Qualitative Methods: Ethnography; Survey Method; Historical Method; Comparative
Method.

C6.2.4 Research Techniques: Sampling; Questionnaire and Schedule; Statistical Analysis; Observation, Interview
and Case study; Interpretation, Data Analysis and Report Writing.

C6.3 Sociological Concepts

C6.3.1 Sociological Concepts: Social Structure; Culture; Network; Status and Role; Identity; Community;
Socialization; Diaspora; Values, Norms and Rules; Personhood, Habitus and Agency; Bureaucracy, Power and
Authority; Self and society.

C6.3.2 Social Institutions: Marriage, Family and Kinship; Economy; Polity; Religion; Education; Law and Customs.

C6.3.3 Social Strati cation: Social Di erence, Hierarchy, Inequality and Marginalization: Caste and Class; Status
and Power; Gender, Sexuality and Disability; Race, Tribe and Ethnicity.

C6.3.4 Social Change: Evolution and Di usion; Modernization and Development; Social Transformations and
Globalization; Social Mobility –Sanskritization, Educational and Occupational change.
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C6.4 Agrarian Sociology and Rural Transformation: Rural and Peasant Society; Caste-Tribe Distinction and
Continuum; Agrarian Social Structure and Emergent Class Relations; Land Ownership and Agrarian Relations;
Decline of Agrarian Economy, De-Peasantization and Agrarian Change; Agrarian Unrest and Peasant
Movements; Feudalism, Mode of production debate; Land reforms; Panchayati Raj; Rural development
programmes and community development; Green revolution and agricultural change; Peasants and farmers
movements.

C6.5 Family, Marriage and Kinship; Theoretical Approaches: Structural-Functionalist, Alliance and Cultural;
Gender Relations and Power Dynamics; Inheritance, Succession and Authority; Gender, Sexuality and
Reproduction; Children, Youth and Elderly; Emotions and Family; Emergent Forms of Family; Changing Marriage
Practices; Changing Care and Support Systems; Family Laws; Domestic Violence and Crime against Women;
Honour Killing.

C6.6 Indian Society/Sociology of India: Colonial, Nationalist, Indological perspectives (G.S. Ghurye); Structural-
Functional approach (M.N. Srinivas); Dialectical approach (A.R. Desai); Subaltern studies (R. Guha); Non Brahmin
perspectives (Phule, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar); Feminist perspectives (LeelaDube, SharmilaRege); Social
Institutions – Family, Kinship, Household, Village and Urban Settings; Social Strati cation – Caste, Class, Tribe
and Gender; Tradition and Modernity (M.N. Srinivas, Yogendra Singh, Dipankar Gupta); Peasants and agrarian
sociology (Andre Beteille, A.R. Desai, D.N. Dhanagare); Village studies; Communalism and Secularism.

C6.7 Social Movements

C6.7.1 Introduction to Social Movements: Nature, De nitions, Characteristics; Social Movement and Social
Change; Types of social movements (Reform, Rebellion, Revival, Revolution, Insurrection, Counter Movement).

C6.7.2 Theories of Social Movements: Structural–functional; Marxist; Resource Mobilization Theory; New Social
Movements.

C6.7.3 Social Movement in India with Speci c Reference to Social Basis, Leadership, Ideology and Actions:
Peasant movement; Labour movement; Dalit movement; Women’s movement, Environmental movement.

C6.7.4 Social Movements, Civil Society and Globalization: Social movement and its relationship with state and
civil society; Social movements and impact of globalization: Debates; Issues of citizenship.

C6.8 Sociology of Development

C6.8.1 Perspectives on the Study of Development: De nitions and Indices; Liberal, Marxist, and Neo-Marxist
Perspectives (Dependency theory, World Systems); Epistemological Critiques of Development.

C6.8.2 State and Market: Institutions and ideologies: Planned Development and Society; Globalisation and
Liberalization.

C6.8.3 The Micro-Politics of Development: Transforming Communities: Maps and Models; Knowledge and Power
in Development; Re-inventing Development: Subaltern Movements; Post-colonial development; Decentralization
and devolution; Participatory approaches.

C6.8.4 Sustainable Development: Post-sustainable development; Development, violence and inequality; Post-
structural perspectives (Escobar); Alternative development paradigms; Feminist critique; Human development.

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XL-P Chemistry (Compulsory for all XL candidates)

Section 1: Atomic Structure and Periodicity
Planck’s quantum theory, wave particle duality, uncertainty principle, comparison between Bohr’s model and
quantum mechanical model of hydrogen atom, electronic con guration of atoms and ions. Hund’s rule and
Pauli’s exclusion principle. Periodic table and periodic properties: ionization energy, electron a nity,
electronegativity and atomic size.

Section 2: Structure and Bonding
Ionic and covalent bonding, MO and VB approaches for diatomic molecules, VSEPR theory and shape of
molecules, hybridization, resonance, dipole moment, structure parameters such as bond length, bond angle and
bond energy, hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions. Ionic solids, ionic radii and lattice energy (Born
Haber cycle). HSAB principle.

Section 3: s, p and d Block Elements
Oxides, halides and hydrides of alkali, alkaline earth metals, B, Al, Si, N, P, and S. General characteristics of 3d
elements. Coordination complexes: valence bond and crystal eld theory, colour, geometry, magnetic properties
and isomerism.

Section 4: Chemical Equilibria
Osmotic pressure, elevation of boiling point and depression of freezing point, ionic equilibria in solution,
solubility product, common ion e ect, hydrolysis of salts, pH, bu er and their applications. Equilibrium
constants (Kc, Kp, and KX) for homogeneous reactions.

Section 5: Electrochemistry
Conductance, Kohlrausch law, cell potentials, EMF, Nernst equation, thermodynamic aspects and their
applications.

Section 6: Reaction Kinetics
Rate constant, order of reaction, molecularity, activation energy, zero, rst and second order kinetics, catalysis
and elementary enzyme reactions. Reversible and irreversible inhibition of enzymes.

Section 7: Thermodynamics
Qualitative treatment of state and path functions, First law, reversible and irreversible processes, internal
energy, enthalpy, Kircho equation, heat of reaction, Hess’s law, heat of formation. Second law, entropy and free
energy. Gibbs Helmholtz equation, free energy change and spontaneity, Free energy changes from equilibrium
constant.

Section 8: Structure-Reactivity Correlations and Organic Reaction Mechanisms
Acids and bases, electronic and steric e ects, Stereochemistry, optical and geometrical isomerism,
tautomerism, conformers and concept of aromaticity. Elementary treatment of SN1, SN2, E1, E2 and radical
reactions, Ho mann/Saytze rules, addition reactions, Markowniko rule and Kharasch e ect. Elementary
hydroboration reactions. Grignard’s reagents and their uses. Aromatic electrophilic substitutions, orientation
e ect as exempli ed by various functional groups. Identi cation of common functional groups by chemical
tests.

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Section 9: Chemistry of Biomolecules
Amino acids, proteins, nucleic acids and nucleotides. Peptide sequencing by chemical and enzymatic proteolytic
methods. DNA sequencing by chemical and enzymatic methods. Carbohydrates (upto hexoses only). Lipids
(triglycerides only). Principles of biomolecule puri cation-Ion exchange and gel ltration chromatography.
Identi cation of these biomolecules and Beer-Lambert’s law.

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XL-Q Biochemistry

Section 1
Organization of life; Importance of water; Structure and function of biomolecules: Amino acids, Carbohydrates,
Lipids, Proteins and Nucleic acids; Protein structure, folding/misfolding and function; Myoglobin, Hemoglobin,
Lysozyme, Ribonuclease A, Carboxypeptidase and Chymotrypsin.

Section 2
Enzyme kinetics, regulation and inhibition; Vitamins and Coenzymes; Bioenergetics and metabolism; Generation
and utilization of ATP; Metabolic pathways and their regulation: glycolysis, TCA cycle, pentose phosphate
pathway, oxidative phosphorylation, gluconeogenesis, glycogen and fatty acid metabolism; Metabolism of
Nitrogen containing compounds: nitrogen xation, amino acids and nucleotides. Photosynthesis, Calvin cycle.

Section 3
Biochemical separation techniques: Ion exchange, size exclusion and a nity chromatography, centrifugation;
Characterization of biomolecules by electrophoresis; DNA- protein and protein – protein interactions; UV-visible
and uorescence spectroscopy; Mass spectrometry.

Section 4
Cell structure and organelles; Biological membranes; Action potential; Transport across membranes; Membrane
assembly and Protein targeting; Signal transduction; Receptor-ligand interaction; Hormones and
neurotransmitters.

Section 5
DNA replication, transcription and translation; DNA damage and repair; Biochemical regulation of gene
expression; Recombinant DNA technology and applications: PCR, site directed mutagenesis, DNA-microarray;
Next generation sequencing; Gene silencing and editing.

Section 6
Immune System: Innate and adaptive; Cell of the immune system; Active and passive immunity; Complement
system; Antibody structure, function and diversity; B cell and T Cell receptors; B cell and T cell activation; Major
histocompatibilty complex; Immunological techniques: Immuno di usion, immune-electrophoresis, RIA and
ELISA, ow cytometry; monoclonal antibodies and their applications.

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XL-R Botany

Section 1: Plant Systematics
Botanical nomenclature, history of plant taxonomy, diversity and classi cation of plants, APG system of plant
classi cation; phylogenetics and cladistics, molecular taxonomy and DNA barcoding; Centers for plant
taxonomy and herbaria in India.

Section 2: Plant Anatomy
Anatomy of root, stem and leaves, oral organs, embryo and young seedlings, Primary and secondary
meristems, stellar organization, vascular system and their ontogeny, xylem and phloem structure, secondary
growth in plants and wood anatomy, plant cell structure and di erences from animal cells.

Section 3: Plant Development; Cell and Tissue Morphogenesis
Life cycle of an angiosperm, development of male and female gametophyte; cell fate determination and tissue
patterning; spacing mechanisms in trichomes and stomata. Embryogenesis, organization and function of shoot
and root apical meristems. Transition to owering: photoperiodism and vernalization, ABC model of oral organ
patterning, pollen germination, double fertilization, seed development; Xylem and phloem cell di erentiation,
photomorphogenesis; phytochrome, cryptochrome, phototropin. Role of auxin, cytokinin, gibberellins, and
brassinosteroids on plant development.

Section 4: Plant Physiology and Biochemistry
Plant water relations, mechanisms of uptake and transport of water, ions, solutes from soil to plants, apoplastic
and symplastic transport mechanisms. Mechanism of stomatal movements, nitrogen metabolism,
photosynthesis; C3, C4 and CAM cycles, photorespiration, respiration: glycolysis, TCA cycle and electron
transport chain. Plant responses and mechanisms of abiotic stresses including drought, salinity, freezing and
heat stress, metal toxicity; role of abscisic acid in abiotic stresses. Structure and function of biomolecules
(proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acid), enzyme kinetics. Structure and biosynthesis of major plant
secondary metabolites (alkaloids, terpenes, phenylpropanoids, avonoids). Biosynthesis, mechanism of action
and physiological e ects of auxin, cytokinin, gibberellic acids, brassinosteroid, ethylene, strigolactone, abscisic
acid, salicylic and jasmonic acid. Senescence and programmed cell death.

Section 5: Genetics and Genomics
Cell cycle and cell division. Principles of Mendelian inheritance, linkage, recombination, genetic mapping; extra
chromosomal inheritance; Introduction to epigenetics; gene silencing- transgene silencing, post transcriptional
gene silencing, miRNA and siRNA; evolution and organization of eukaryotic genome structure, gene expression,
gene mutation and repair, chromosomal aberrations (numerical: euploidy and aneuploidy and structural:
deletion, duplication, inversion, translocation), transposons. Model organisms for functional genetics and
genomics; Introduction to transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics.

Section 6: Plant Breeding, Genetic Modi cation, Genome Editing
Principles, methods – selection, hybridization, heterosis; male sterility, genetic maps and molecular markers,
embryo rescue, haploid and doubled haploids, plant tissue culture: micropropagation, embryo culture and in
vitro regeneration, somatic embryogenesis, arti cial seed, cryopreservation, somaclonal variation, somatic cell
hybridization, marker-assisted selection, gene transfer methods viz. direct and vector-mediated, generation of
transgenic plants; Introduction to genome editing: CRISPR/Cas9, Cre-Lox system to generate chimeras; plastid
transformation; chemical mutagenesis.

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Section 7: Economic and Applied Botany
A general account of economically and medicinally important plants- cereals, pulses, plants yielding bers,
timber, sugar, beverages, oils, rubber, pigments, dyes, gums, drugs and narcotics. Economic importance of
algae, fungi, lichen and bacteria. Major Indian cash crops. E ect of industrialization on agricultural botany such
as plastic on ber economy. Genetically modi ed crops and its regulation, e.g. Bt cotton, Bt brinjal, golden rice
etc.

Section 8: Plant Pathology
Nature and classi cation of plant diseases, diseases of important crops caused by fungi, bacteria, nematodes
and viruses, and their control measures (chemical and biological) mechanism(s) of pathogenesis, resistance:
basal, systemic, induced systemic resistance, gene for gene concept. Molecular detection of pathogens; plant-
microbe interactions: symbionts and mycorrhiza, pathogens and pests. Signaling pathways in plant defence
response; salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) in plant-pathogen and plant-herbivore interaction, necrosis;
host-parasitic plant interaction (such as Cuscuta).

Section 9: Ecology and Environment
Ecosystems – types, dynamics, degradation, biogeochemical cycles, ecological succession; food webs and
energy ow through ecosystem; vegetation types of the world, Indian vegetation types and biogeographical
zones, climate and ora endemism; pollution and global climate change, speciation and extinction, biodiversity
and conservation strategies, ecological hotspots, a orestation, habitat restoration; plant interactions with other
organisms; epiphytes, parasites and endophytes.

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XL-S Microbiology

Section 1: Historical Perspective
Discovery of microbial world; Landmark discoveries relevant to the eld of microbiology; Controversy over
spontaneous generation; Role of microorganisms in transformation of organic matter and in the causation of
diseases.

Section 2: Methods in Microbiology
Pure culture techniques; Principles of microbial nutrition; Enrichment culture techniques for isolation of
microorganisms; antigen and antibody detection methods for microbial diagnosis; Light-, phase contrast-,
uorescence- and electron-microscopy; PCR, real-time PCR for quantitation of microbes; Next generation
sequencing technologies in microbiology.

Section 3: Microbial Taxonomy and Diversity
Bacteria, Archea and their broad classi cation; Eukaryotic microbes: Yeasts, molds and protozoa; Viruses and
their classi cation; Molecular approaches to microbial taxonomy and phylogeny.

Section 4: Prokaryotic Cells: Structure and Function
Prokaryotic Cells: Cell walls, cell membranes and their biosynthesis, mechanisms of solute transport across
membranes, Flagella and Pili, Capsules, Cell inclusions like endospores and gas vesicles; Bacterial locomotion,
including positive and negative chemotaxis.

Section 5: Microbial Growth
De nition of growth; Growth curve; Mathematical expression of exponential growth phase; Measurement of
growth and growth yields; Synchronous growth; Continuous culture; E ect of environmental factors on growth;
Bacterial bio lm and biofouling.

Section 6: Control of Micro-organisms
Disinfection and Sterilization: Principles, methods and assessment of e cacy.

Section 7: Microbial Metabolism
Energetics: redox reactions and electron carriers; Electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation; An
overview of metabolism; Glycolysis; Pentose-phosphate pathway; Entner-Doudoro pathway; Glyoxalate
pathway; The citric acid cycle; Fermentation; Aerobic and anaerobic respiration; Chemolithotrophy;
Photosynthesis; Calvin cycle; Biosynthetic pathway for fatty acids synthesis; Common regulatory mechanisms in
synthesis of amino acids; Regulation of major metabolic pathways.

Section 8: Microbial Diseases and Host Pathogen Interaction
Normal microbiota; Classi cation of infectious diseases; Reservoirs of infection; Nosocomial infection;
Opportunistic infections; Emerging infectious diseases; Mechanism of microbial pathogenicity; Nonspeci c
defense of host; Antigens and antibodies; Humoral and cell mediated immunity; Vaccines; passive immunization;
Immune de ciency; Human diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, and pathogenic fungi.

Section 9: Chemotherapy/Antibiotics
General characteristics of antimicrobial drugs; Antibiotics: Classi cation molecular mechanism of mode of
action and resistance; Antifungal and antiviral drugs.

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Section 10: Microbial Genetics
Types of mutation; UV and chemical mutagens; Selection of mutants; Ames test for mutagenesis; Bacterial
genetic system: transformation, conjugation, transduction, recombination, plasmids, transposons; DNA repair;
Regulation of gene expression: repression and induction; Operon model; Bacterial genome with special
reference to E.coli; Phage λ and its life cycle; RNA ; mutation in virus genomes, virus recombination and
reassortment; Basic concept of microbial genomics.

Section 11: Microbial Ecology
Microbial interactions; Carbon, sulphur and nitrogen cycles; Soil microorganisms associated with vascular
plants; Bioremediation; Uncultivable microorganisms; basic concept of metagenomics and metatranscriptomics.

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XL-T Zoology

Section 1: Animal Diversity
Distribution, systematics and classi cation of animals, phylogenetic relationships (based on classical and
molecular phylogenetic tools).

Section 2: Evolution
Origin and history of life on earth, theories of evolution, natural selection, adaptation, speciation.

Section 3: Genetics
Basic Principles of inheritance, molecular basis of heredity, sex determination and sex-linked characteristics,
cytoplasmic inheritance, linkage, recombination and mapping of genes in eukaryotes, population genetics,
genetic disorders, roles of model organisms in understanding genetic principles.

Section 4: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Nucleic acids, proteins, lipids and carbohydrates; replication, transcription and translation, Krebs cycle,
glycolysis, enzyme catalysis, hormones and their actions, roles of vitamins and minerals.

Section 5: Cell Biology
Basic principles of cellular microscopy, structure of cell, cytoskeletal organization, cellular organelles and their
structure and function, cell cycle, cell division, chromosomes and chromatin structure.

Section 6: Gene expression in Eukaryotes
Eukaryotic genome organization and regulation of gene expression, transposable elements.

Section 7: Animal Anatomy and Physiology
Comparative physiology, the respiratory system, Muscular system, circulatory system, digestive system, the
nervous system, the excretory system, the endocrine system, the reproductive system, the skeletal system.

Section 8: Parasitology and Immunology
Nature of parasite, host-parasite relation, protozoan and helminthic parasites, the immune response, cellular
and humoral immune response.

Section 9: Development Biology
Gametogenesis, Embryonic development, cellular di erentiation, organogenesis, metamorphosis, Model
organisms used in developmental biology, genetic and molecular basis of development, stem cells.

Section 10: Ecology
The ecosystem, Animal distribution, ecological niche and its contribution to ecological diversity, the food chain,
population dynamics, species diversity, zoogeography, biogeochemical cycles, conservation biology,
ecotoxicology.

Section 11: Animal Behaviour
Type of behaviours, courtship, mating and territoriality, instinct, learning and memory, social behaviour across
the animal taxa, communication, pheromones, evolution of behavior in animals.

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XL-U Food Technology

Section 1: Food Chemistry and Nutrition

Carbohydrates: Structure and functional properties of mono-, oligo-, & poly- saccharides including starch,
cellulose, pectic substances and dietary bre, gelatinization and retrogradation of starch. Proteins:
classi cation and structure of proteins in food, biochemical changes in post mortem and tenderization of
muscles. Lipids: classi cation and structure of lipids, rancidity, polymerization and polymorphism. Pigments:
carotenoids, chlorophylls, anthocyanins, tannins and myoglobin. Food avours: terpenes, esters, aldehydes,
ketones and quinines. Enzymes: speci city, simple and inhibition kinetics, coenzymes, enzymatic and non-
enzymatic browning. Nutrition: balanced diet, essential amino acids and essential fatty acids, protein e ciency
ratio, water soluble and fat soluble vitamins, role of minerals in nutrition, co-factors, anti-nutrients,
nutraceuticals, nutrient de ciency diseases. Chemical and biochemical changes: changes occur in foods during
di erent processing.

Section 2: Food Microbiology

Characteristics of Microorganisms: Morphology of bacteria, yeast, mold and actinomycetes, spores and
vegetative cells, gram-staining. Microbial growth: growth and death kinetics, serial dilution technique. Food
spoilage: spoilage microorganisms in di erent food products including milk, sh, meat, egg, cereals and their
products. Toxins from microbes: pathogens and non-pathogens including Staphylococcus, Salmonella, Shebelle,
Escherichia, Bacillus, Clostridium, and Aspergillums genera. Fermented foods and beverages: curd, yoghurt,
cheese, pickles, soya-sauce, sauerkraut, idly, dose, vinegar, alcoholic beverages and sausage.

Section 3: Food Products Technology

Processing Principles: Thermal processing, chilling, freezing, dehydration, addition of preservatives and food
additives, irradiation, fermentation, hurdle technology, intermediate moisture foods. Food pack aging and
storage: packaging materials, aseptic packaging, controlled and modi ed atmosphere storage. Cereal
processing and products: milling of rice, wheat, and maize, parboiling of paddy, bread, biscuits, extruded
products and ready to eat breakfast cereals. Oil processing: expelling, solvent extraction, re ning and
hydrogenation. Fruits and vegetables processing: extraction, clari cation, concentration and packaging of fruit
juice, jam, jelly, marmalade, squash, candies, tomato sauce, ketchup, and puree, potato chips, pickles. Plantation
crops processing and products: tea, co ee, cocoa, spice, extraction of essential oils and oleoresins from spices.
Milk and milk products processing: pasteurization and sterilization, cream, butter, ghee, ice- cream, cheese and
milk powder. Processing of animal products: drying, canning, and freezing of sh and meat; production of egg
powder. Waste utilization: pectin from fruit astes, uses of by-products from rice milling. Food standards and
quality maintenance: FPO, PFA, A-Mark, ISI, HACCP, food plant sanitation and cleaning in place (CIP).

Section 4: Food Engineering

Mass and energy balance: Momentum transfer: Flow rate and pressure drop relationships for Newtonian uids
owing through pipe, Reynolds number. Heat transfer: heat transfer by conduction, convection, radiation, heat
exchangers. Mass transfer: molecular di usion and Flick's law, conduction and convective mass transfer,
permeability through single and multilayer lms. Mechanical operations: size reduction of solids, high pressure
homogenization, ltration, centrifugation, settling, sieving, mixing & agitation of liquid. Thermal operations:
thermal sterilization, evaporation of liquid foods, hot air drying of solids, spray and freeze-drying, freezing and
crystallization. Mass transfer operations: psychometric, humidi cation and dehumidi cation operations.

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15. Disclaimer
Zonal GATE o ces never sell or advertise any GATE examination test papers or syllabus. Candidates are
advised to stay alert about fraud, spam or fake emails, text messages promising to o er services in the name of
GATE. Any individual or organisation claiming to sell or distribute GATE papers in the name of IISc and IITs will
attract appropriate legal action.

Qualifying in GATE examination does NOT guarantee admission, scholarship, or a job. Admission to any institute
is fully dependent on the admitting institute’s criteria for educational quali cation. GATE quali cation does not
assure a Public Sector Undertaking (PSU) job, as it depends on the recruitment procedure of the concerned PSU.
No responsibility is assumed for admission, scholarship, or a job.

Call for admissions to M.Tech., Ph.D. or any other program will be advertised separately by the respective
institutions and the GATE Organising Institute is not responsible for admissions. GATE zonal o ces will not
entertain any queries pertaining to admission, reservation of seats, award of scholarship/assistantship, etc. No
liability is assumed for any legal obligations related to admission.

The data provided by the candidates during the application process as well as their GATE results may be shared
for admission or recruitment purposes.

PwD and Dyslexia certi cates may be veri ed by the admitting institute. The GATE Organising Institute will not
be responsible for incorrect declaration of the dyslexic status.

The dates mentioned here are subject to change due to unforeseen circumstances. In rare cases, it may become
necessary to postpone the GATE 2024 examination because of situations beyond the control of the GATE
Organising Institute. All updates will be available on the GATE 2024 website: https://gate2024.iisc.ac.in/

Candidates found using unfair means and not complying with the code of conduct and ethics of GATE 2024 will
have their candidature cancelled regardless of whether they have been allowed to complete their examination
or not. Appropriate legal action may be initiated against all such candidates.

In all matters concerning GATE 2024, the decision of the GATE 2024 Organising Institute will be nal and binding
on all the applicants.

Although GATE 2024 will be held at di erent centres across the country, Indian Institute of Science (IISc),
Bengaluru, is the Organising Institute and has the overall responsibility of conducting GATE 2024. In case of any
claims or disputes arising in respect of GATE 2024, the High Court of Karnataka in Bengaluru shall have the
exclusive jurisdiction to entertain and settle such disputes and claims.

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