CS Executive June 2026 Question Paper Jurisprudence, Interpretation and General Laws

FOR CS EXECUTIVE EXAM PREPARATION

CS Executive 2026
Question Paper ·
Jurisprudence,
Interpretation and
General Laws
EXAM YEAR TYPE

CS Executive 2026 Question Paper
SUBJECT DATE

Jurisprudence, Interpretation and General Laws June 2026

Notes · Sample Papers · Previous Year Papers · Mock Tests

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NEW SYLLABUS
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Roll No. .....................................

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Time allowed : 3 hours Maximum marks : 100

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Total number of questions : 6
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Total number of printed pages : 11
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NOTE : Answer ALL Questions.

1. (a) Rahul, a businessman living in Jaipur, supplied electronic goods worth ` 5 lakh to

M/s Bright Electronics, owned by Ramesh, located in Jodhpur. The goods were supplied

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on credit and Ramesh issued a promissory note promising to pay the amount within

three months. After the expiry ofmthe stipulated period, Ramesh failed to make the
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payment. Rahul therefore filed

of the amount.

Meanwhile, Ramesh filed another civil suit in the Civil Court at Jodhpur alleging that

the goods supplied were defective and claimed damages of ` 3 lakh from Rahul.

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During the proceedings, Ramesh argued that the Jaipur court did not have territorial

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jurisdiction, since his business and residence were in Jodhpur. He also requested the

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court to stay the proceedings in Jaipur because the Jodhpur case concerning the same

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dispute was already pending. Rahul, on the other hand, argued that the cause of

action partly arose in Jaipur, since the contract was executed and goods were dispatched

from Jaipur.

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Later, the Jodhpur court decided the suit filed by Ramesh and held that the goods
supplied were not defective. The court dismissed Ramesh’s claim. After the decision,
Ramesh attempted to raise the same issues again in the Jaipur court. Rahul objected,
arguing that the matter had already been decided and therefore the principle of res
judicata applied. Finally, the Jaipur court decided the recovery suit in favour of Rahul
and ordered Ramesh to pay ` 5 lakh along with interest.
Based on the above situation answer the following questions :
(i) Explain the structure of civil courts in India.
(2 marks)
(ii) Discuss whether the Jaipur court has territorial jurisdiction in this matter.
(2 marks)
(iii) What is meant by stay of suit under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 ?
(2 marks)
(iv) Explain the principle of res judicata. Can Ramesh raise the same issue again
after the Jodhpur Court has decided it ?
(2 marks)
(v) What are summary proceedings ? Was Rahul justified in filing a summary suit
for recovery of money ?
(2 marks)
(b) In the state of Uttar Pradesh, the Government, citing concerns of maintaining public
order and preventing potential unrest, issued a comprehensive executive order prohibiting
all public gatherings of more than five persons in several districts for an indefinite
period. The order further imposed restrictions on the use of social media platforms,
requiring prior permission from the authorities for organizing or promoting any form
of protest or public assembly online. It also empowered local police authorities to
take preventive action, including detention of individuals suspected of violating the order.

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A group of university students in Lucknow, concerned about the steep rise in educational

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fees and reduction in scholarships, organized a peaceful protest within their campus
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premises. The protest was non-violent, orderly and did not disrupt traffic or public

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services. Despite this, the police entered the campus, dispersed the gathering using
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messaging groups through which the protest had been organized.

One of the students, Riya, whose account was blocked and who was briefly detained,
filed a writ petition before the High Court. She contended that the government order
imposes a blanket ban on fundamental freedoms, which is excessive and arbitrary.

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Her rights under freedom of speech and expression and peaceful assembly have been

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violated. The blocking of her social media account amounts to unlawful censorship

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and restriction on digital expression.
threat to public order is g
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The State defended its action by arguing that the restrictions were imposed in the
interest of public order and security. The executive has the authority to impose such
restrictions in extraordinary circumstances. Based on the above situation answer the
following questions :

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(i) What are the six freedoms guaranteed to the citizens of India under Article

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(2 marks)

ag (ii) Explain whether the government order violates fundamental rights under Article
19(1)(a) and 19(1)(b) of the Constitution of India.

(3 marks)

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(iii) What are the resonable restrictions on the freedom of speech and expression
under Article 19(2) that may be imposed by the legislature ?

(2 marks)

(iv) Examine the validity of detention of students in light of liberties guaranteed
under Article 21.

(3 marks)

2. (a) In the city of Bengaluru, Prabhu, a supplier, sent an email quotation of Meera, offering
to sell goods at a discounted price. Meera’s system automatically sent an email showing
acceptance of the offer due to a technical glitch, even though she did not intend
to accept it. Prabhu, relying on the email, dispatched the goods. Later, Meera refused
to accept delivery, claiming that she never personally sent the acceptance and the
email was sent due to an automated system error. Prabhu contended that the acceptance
is valid as it originated from Meera’s authorised system. Referring to the provisions
of the Information Technology Act, 2000, discuss whether the electronic acceptance
is valid and attributable to Meera and when the dispatch is complete.

(5 marks)

(b) ABC Manufacturing Ltd., a company registered under the Companies Act, 2013, is
facing a criminal complaint for violation of environmental regulations. The trial court
issues a summon to the company. The summon was served by delivering it to the
company’s receptionist, who refuses to accept it. Later, the summon is sent by registered
post addressed to the company’s Director. The letter is duly posted but the Director
claims he never personally received it.

Discuss whether the service of summon on ABC Manufacturing Ltd. is valid under
Section 65 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023.

(5 marks)

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(c) Anil entered into a betting agreement with Bhushan in the city of Delhi and lost

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` 40,000. To discharge this liability, Anil borrowed the amount from Kapil, who directly

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paid to Bhushan. Later, Anil refused to repay Kapil, arguing that the original agreement
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between Anil and Bhushan was a wagering agreement and therefore not enforceable.
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Discuss whether Kapil can recover the amount from Anil. What would be your answer
if the betting agreement took place in Mumbai ?
(5 marks)
3. (a) Kamaldeep applied for the post of an Elementary Teacher Training (ETT) in the State
of Punjab and submitted a certificate showing that she had worked in Gyandeep Public
School for a specified period. During verification, it was found that the school was

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not recognized during that period. The prosecution alleged that the certificate was

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false and forged and initiated criminal proceedings against her for forgery. Examine

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whether Kamaldeep is guilty of forgery for submitting such a certificate. What are

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the punishments for committing forgery under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 ?

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(b) The Government of a State announces a welfare policy aimed at improving the living
conditions of economically weaker sections of society. The policy is based on certain
Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSPs) mentioned in Part IV of the Constitution.
However, the government does not immediately pass any legislation to implement the
policy. Rahul, a social activist, files a petition before the High Court claiming that

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the government has failed to implement the Directive Principles and requests the court

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to order the government to immediately enact a law and enforce the policy. At the

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same time, another citizen argues that an existing law of the state contradicts a Directive

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Principle and therefore should be declared void by the court. The State Government

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contends that Directive Principles are only guidelines for governance and cannot be
directly enforced by courts. Explain the nature and constitutional status of Directive
Principles of State Policy. Can Rahul enforce the Directive Principles in a court of
law ? Give reasons.

(5 marks)

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(c) MediCare Plus Pvt. Ltd., a private healthcare company, maintains an online portal
where patients upload their medical records, Aadhaar details, bank account information
and diagnostic reports. The company stores this information on its own servers. Due
to outdated firewall systems and lack of encryption, hackers gain unauthorized access
to the database and leak sensitive medical and financial information of thousands of
patients. Several patients suffer financial fraud and reputational harm as a result of
the data breach. An internal inquiry reveals that MediCare Plus had not updated its
cybersecurity systems for over two years and had failed to follow industry-standard
security practices. The affected patients filed claims seeking compensation for the wrongful
loss suffered by them. The matter is brought before the adjudicating authority under
the provisions of the Information Technology Act, 2000. Examine whether MediCare
Plus Pvt. Ltd. can be held liable under Section 43A of the Act.

(5 marks)
Attempt all parts of either Q. No. 4 or Q. No. 4A

(5 marks)

(b) Arjun had a commercial property in Udaipur. He leased out this commercial building
for ten years to Bhavesh. Relying on this, Bhavesh entered into a lease agreement,

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invested substantial money in renovating the premises and started his business. After

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two and half years, when Bhavesh’s business started doing well, Arjun’s father filed
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a suit for eviction, claiming that Arjun had no authority to lease the property. Can

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Bhavesh be asked to evict the premises by Arjun’s father ? Discuss referring to relevant

(5 marks)

(c) In the city of Patna, Amit wrote and signed a document stating, “I promise to pay
` 50,000 to Bharat after six months, provided I receive payment from my client.”

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Bharat sues Amit after six months for payment. Does this document constitute a valid

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promissory note ? Explain the essential of a valid promissory note under the Negotiable
Instruments Act, 1881.
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OR (Alternate question to Q. No. 4)

4A. (i) What do you mean by arbitral tribunal ? Discuss the competence of arbitral tribunal

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to rule on its jurisdiction.

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ekinds of precedents.
‘Judicial precedents are an important source of law. They have enjoyed

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at all times and in all countries.’ Discuss. Explain various

g a and when a banker may
a (iii) Explain the provisions when a banker must refuse payment
refuse payment under the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881.

(5 marks each)

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5. (a) Mohit filed a civil suit against Rohit for recovery of money within the prescribed

limitation period. However, due to a defect of jurisdiction, the court returned the plaint

after several months.

Mohit then filed the same suit in a proper court, but by that time, the limitation

period had expired. Whether Mohit is entitled to exclusion of time spent in earlier

proceedings under the Limitation Act, 1963 ? Explain.

(b) In a rural area of Rajasthan, there exists a long-standing custom of arranging marriages

of minor children at a very young age. The village elders justify this practice as an

age-old tradition followed for generations. However, a statute prohibits child marriage

and prescribes punishment for those involved. A social activist challenges the validity

of such marriages and the custom supporting them. The villagers argue that the custom

is ancient and continuously followed and it should be recognized as a valid source

of law. Discuss as to what are the essential conditions of a valid custom and whether

such a custom is valid in law when it conflicts with a statute ?

(c) Sita, by a deed of gift made over certain property to her daughter, Gita, asked her

to continue paying an annuity to her sister Mita, as she was doing that before she

gifted the property to Gita. Gita accepted the condition to pay annuity to Mita.

Afterwards, when Sita died, Gita declined to pay Mita saying that no consideration

had moved from her. Define consideration and explain, whether Mita can recover

annuity from Gita.

(5 marks each)

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Attempt all parts of either Q. No. 6 or Q. No. 6A

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6. (a) Arvind, a government employee, is facing disciplinary proceedings for alleged miscounduct.

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An inquiry officer, a close relative of the complainant, is appointed by the department

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conduct the inquiry. Aggrieved by the manner in which the inquiry is conducted,

violated the principle of natural justice and the inquiry officer was biased.
The department, however, argues that the inquiry was conducted in accordance with
its internal rules and fair procedures. Explain, whether the principle of natural justice
have been violated in the present case.

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(5 marks)

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(b) Ravi owns a well-established bakery in a small village. Over the years, his business

g la bakery attracts a large number of customers. Meera,
has built a strong reputation among
and hygiene. As a result, a his
who also runs a bakery in the same village, is Ravi’s direct competitor. With the
intention of increasing her own sales and diverting customers away from Ravi’s bakery,
Meera begins spreading false rumours among the villagers. She tells them that Ravi
uses expired ingredients in his cakes and mixes harmful artificial “tasting powders”

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to make his bakery items appear more delicious, despite knowing that they are completely

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untrue. Due to these false allegations, Ravi experiences a significant decline in sales,

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resulting in substantial financial loss and damage to his business reputation.

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Explain, which civil wrong under the Law of Torts is committed by Meera ? What

legal remedies are available to Ravi ?

(5 marks)

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(c) ABC Ltd., an Indian company, enters into a contract with XYZ Corp., a company

incorporated in the United States. A dispute arise regarding the delivery of goods

and the matter is referred to international arbitration. The arbitral tribunal issues a

foreign award in favour of XYZ Corp.

When XYZ Corp. approaches the Indian courts for enforcement of the foreign award

under the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996, ABC Ltd. opposes it, claiming that

certain conditions for enforcement under Section 48 of the Act have not been complied

with. Explain the conditions for enforcement of foreign awards under Section 48 of

the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996.

(5 marks)

(d) Ravi, a warehouse supervisor, is entrusted by his employer with custody of goods

worth ` 10 lakh. The company’s policy requires that the goods be released only

upon written authorization from the head office. Instead, Ravi secretly sells part of

the goods to a third party for personal profit. When confronted, Ravi argues that

since he was in charge of the warehouse, he had the right to deal with the goods

as he wished. Identify and explain the offence committed by Ravi. State the essential

ingredients of that offence.

(5 marks)

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OR (Alternate question to Q. No. 6)

6A. (i)
om of India. Discuss the essential conditions for a valid governmentem
c.Constitution
Explain the constitutional provisions governing government contracts under the
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ag (ii) Discuss the distinction between a Decree-holder and a Judgement-debtor under
the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908. Give example.

(iii) Under the Right to Information Act, 2005, certain organizations are excluded

from its purview. Explain which agencies are excluded under the Act and discuss

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the circumstances under which these excluded agencies are still required to

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em to discharge of surety under the Indian Contract
provide information.

(iv)
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Discuss the provisions related

Act, 1872.
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(5 marks each)
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