JAM 2024 Syllabus Chemistry (CY)

CHEMISTRY (CY)

Physical Chemistry
Atomic and Molecular Structure:
Planck’s black body radiation, Photoelectric effect, Bohr’s theory, de Broglie postulate,
Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle; Schrödinger’s wave equation (including mathematical
treatment), postulates of quantum mechanics, normalized and orthogonal wave functions, its
complex conjugate (idea of complex numbers) and significance of Ѱ2; Operators; Particle in one-
dimension box, radial and angular wave functions for hydrogen atom, radial probability
distribution; Finding maxima of distribution functions (idea of maxima and minima), energy

spectrum of hydrogen atom; Shapes of s, p, d and f orbitals; Pauli’s Exclusion Principle; Hund’s
rule of maximum multiplicity.
Gaseous State:
Kinetic molecular model of a gas: collision frequency; collision diameter; mean free path and
viscosity of gases; Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution: molecular velocities, law of equipartition of
energy, molecular basis of heat capacities; Ideal gases, and deviations from ideal gas
behaviour, van der Waals equation of state; critical state, law of corresponding states.
Liquid State:
Physical properties of Liquid, vapour pressure, surface tension and co-efficient of viscosity and
their applications; effect of concentration of solutes on surface tension and viscosity; effect of
temperature on viscosity of liquids.
Solid State:
Unit Cells, Miller indices, crystal systems and Bravais Lattices, elementary applications of
vectors to crystal systems; X-ray diffraction, Bragg’s Law, Structure of NaCl, CsCl, and KCl,
diamond, and graphite; Close packing in metals and metal compounds, semiconductors,
insulators; Defects in crystals, lattice energy; isomorphism; heat capacity of solids.
Chemical Thermodynamics:
Mathematical treatment: Exact and in-exact differentials, partial derivatives, Euler’s reciprocity,
cyclic rule; Reversible and irreversible processes; Laws of thermodynamics, thermochemistry,
thermodynamic functions, such as enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy, their properties and
applications; Partial molar quantities, dependence of thermodynamic parameters on

composition, Gibbs Duhem equation, chemical potential and its applications.
Chemical and Phase Equilibria:
Law of mass action; Kp, Kc, Kx and Kn; Effect of temperature on K; Le-Chatelier principle; Ionic
equilibria in solutions; pH and buffer solutions; Salt hydrolysis; Solubility and solubility product;
Acid – base titration curves; Indicators; Dilute solutions; Raoult’s and Henry’s Laws and their
applications; Colligative properties; Gibbs phase rule; Phase equilibria; single and two-
component phase diagrams.
Electrochemistry:
Conductivity, equivalent and molar conductivity and their properties; Kohlrausch law;
DebyeHückel-Onsager equation; Ionic velocities, mobilities, transference numbers; Applications
of conductance measurement; Quantitative aspects of Faraday’s laws of electrolysis,
applications of electrolysis in metallurgy and industry; Electromotive force of a cell, Nernst
equation; Standard electrode potential, Electrochemical series; Concentration cells with and
without transference; Applications of EMF measurements including potentiometric titrations.

Chemical Kinetics:
Order and molecularity of a reaction, differential and integrated form of rate expressions - basic
ideas of integration and differentiation; Kinetics of opposing, parallel, and consecutive reactions;
Steady state approximation in reaction mechanisms; Chain reactions; Uni-molecular reaction
(Lindemann mechanism); Temperature dependence of reaction rates, Arrhenius equation;
activation energy; Collision theory of reaction rates; Types of catalysts, specificity and selectivity,
mechanisms of catalyzed reactions at solid surfaces; Enzyme catalysis (Michaelis-Menten
mechanism, Double reciprocal plot), Acid-base catalysis.
Adsorption:
Gibbs adsorption equation; adsorption isotherm; types of adsorption; surface area of adsorbents;

surface films on liquids.
Spectroscopy:
Beer-Lambert’s law; fundamental concepts of rotational, vibrational, electronic and magnetic
resonance spectroscopy.
Organic Chemistry
Basic Concepts in Organic Chemistry and Stereochemistry:
Electronic effects (resonance, inductive, hyperconjugation) and steric effects and its applications
(acid/base property); optical isomerism in compounds with and without any stereocenters
(allenes, biphenyls); conformation of acyclic systems (substituted ethane/n-propane/n-butane)
and cyclic systems, substituted cyclohexanes, and polycyclic (cis and trans decalins) systems.
Organic Reaction Mechanism and Synthetic Applications:
Chemistry of reactive intermediates (carbocations, carbanions, free radicals, carbenes, nitrenes,
benzynes); nucleophilic substitution, elimination reactions and mechanisms; Hofmann-Curtius-
Lossen rearrangement, Wolff rearrangement, Simmons-Smith reaction, Reimer-Tiemann
reaction, Michael reaction, Darzens reaction, Wittig reaction and McMurry reaction;
Pinacolpinacolone, Favorskii, benzilic acid rearrangement, Baeyer-Villeger reaction; oxidation
and reduction reactions in organic chemistry; Organometallic reagents in organic synthesis
(Grignard, organolithium , organocopper and organozinc (Reformatsky only); Diels-Alder,
electrocyclic and sigmatropic reactions; functional group inter-conversions and structural
problems using chemical reactions.
Qualitative Organic Analysis:
Identification of functional groups by chemical tests; elementary UV, IR and 1H NMR
spectroscopic techniques as tools for structural elucidation of simple organic molecules.

Natural Products Chemistry:
Chemistry of alkaloids, steroids, terpenes, carbohydrates, amino acids, peptides and nucleic
acids.
Aromatic and Heterocyclic Chemistry:
Monocyclic, bicyclic and tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and monocyclic compounds with one
hetero atom: synthesis, reactivity and properties, aromaticity; Electrophilic and nucleophilic
aromatic substitution reactions.
Inorganic Chemistry
Periodic Table:
Periodic classification of elements, Aufbau’s principle, periodicity; Variations of orbital energy,
effective nuclear charge, atomic, covalent, and ionic radii, ionization enthalpy, electron gain
enthalpy, and electronegativity with atomic number, electronic configuration of diatomic
molecules (first and second row elements).

Extractions of Metals:
General methods of isolation and purification of elements; Principles and applications of
Ellingham diagram.
Chemical Bonding and shapes of molecules:
lonic bond: Packing of ions in crystals, radius ratio rule, Born-Landé equation, Kapustinskii
expression, Madelung constant, Born-Haber cycle, solvation energy, polarizing power and
polarizability; Fajan’s rules; Covalent bond: Lewis structure, valence bond theory. Hybridization,
molecular orbital theory, molecular orbital diagrams of diatomic and simple polyatomic molecules
and ions; Multiple bonding (𝜎 and 𝜋 bond approach) and bond lengths; van der Waals forces,
ion-dipole forces, dipole-dipole interactions, induced dipole interactions, instantaneous dipole-

induced dipole interactions, hydrogen bonding; Effect of intermolecular forces on melting and
boiling points, solubility energetics of dissolution process; Bond dipole, dipole moment, and
molecular polarizabilities; VSEPR theory and shapes of molecules; ionic solids.
Main Group Elements (s and p blocks):
Reactions of alkali and alkaline earth metals with oxygen, hydrogen and water; Alkali and alkaline
earth metals in liquid ammonia; Gradation in properties of main group element in a group; Inert
pair effect; Synthesis, structure and properties of diborane, ammonia, silane, phosphine and
hydrogen sulphide; Allotropes of carbon; Oxides of nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur; Oxoacids
of phosphorus, sulphur and chlorine; Halides of silicon and phosphorus; Synthesis and properties
of borazine, silicone and phosphazene; Synthesis and reactions of xenon fluorides.

Transition Metals (d block):
Characteristics of d-block elements; oxide, hydroxide and salts of first row metals; coordination
complexes: structure, isomerism, reaction mechanism and electronic spectra; VB, MO and crystal
field theoretical approaches for structure, color and magnetic properties of metal complexes;
Organometallic compounds with metal-ligand single and multiple bonds (such as metal carbonyls,
metal nitrosyls and metallocenes); Homogenous catalysis involving Wilkinson’s catalyst.
Bioinorganic Chemistry:
Essentials and trace elements of life; basic reactions in the biological systems and the role of
metal ions, especially Fe2+, and Zn2+; structure and function of myoglobin, hemoglobin and
carbonic anhydrase.
Instrumental Methods of Analysis:

Basic principles; instrumentations and simple applications of conductometry, potentiometry and
UV-vis spectrophotometry; analyses of water, air and soil samples.
Analytical Chemistry:
Principles of qualitative and quantitative analysis; Acid-base, oxidation- reduction and
complexometric titrations using EDTA; Precipitation reactions; Use and types of indicators; Use of
organic reagents in inorganic analysis; Radioactivity, nuclear reactions, applications of isotopes;
Mathematical treatment in error analysis, elementary statistics and probability theory.