CUET PG 2024 Syllabus Bio Informatics

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Syllabus
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Note:
i. The Question Paper which will have 75 questions.
ii. All questions will be based on Subject-Specific Knowledge.
iii. All questions are compulsory.
iv. The Questions will be Bilingual (English/Hindi).

Unit 1: Mathematics and Statistical Foundation

Calculus: The concept of limit of a Functions, continuity, differentiability, successive differentiation,
Liebnitz theorem, asymptotes, definite integrals, reduction formulae, order and degree of ordinary differential
equations, linear differential equations with constant coefficient and Laplace transformations.

Algebra: Mappings, groups, subgroups, matrices, elementary operations of matrices, inverse of matrices,
application of matrices to system of linear equations, vector spaces, linear transformation and their matrix
representations.

Analysis Open set, closed set, limit, continuity, Taylor's theorem, Lagrange's mean theorem, Rolle's
Theorem, sequences and series, convergence of series.

Probability Distribution: Basics of Binomial, Poisson and Normal distributions and their application in
biology. Random Variable; Discrete and Continuous Probability Distribution, Probability mass function,
probability Density function, Mathematical Expectation.

Geometry Plane, straight line, sphere, cone, cylinder, conicoids.

Unit 2: Role of Chemistry in Bioinformatics

Kinetic theory of gases, Atomic Structure, Periodic Properties, Chemical bonding, Distribution of electrons
in organic compounds.

Homegenous equilibria, chemical Kinetics, p and d block elements, Stereo Chemistry, Configurational
Isomerism, Elements of symmetry, Chirality.

Colligative properties, thermodynamics, Chemistry of elements of first transition series, Coordination
Compouds, Organometallic Compounds, Alicyclic Compounds

Esters cont aining active methylene group, Aromatic Compounds, Nuclear Chemistry, Zero group elements,
Phase Rule and Electrochemistry.

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Unit 2: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Carbohydrates and lipids, their importance in cells. Proteins: Amino acids and peptides; primary, secondary,
tertiary and quaternary structures; protein – protein interactions; sequence homology, functional and
evolutionary relationships of proteins.

Nucleic acids: Bases, nucleotides, RNA and DNA. Different Structural from of DNA, denaturation and
renaturation of DNA, protein-nucleic acid interactions.

Enzymes: Units of activity, coenzymes and metal cofactors, temperature and pH effects, MichaelisMenten
kinetics, inhibitors and activators, active site and mechanism of enzyme action, isoenzymes, allosteric
enzymes, regulation by covalent modification. Organization of metabolic systems: enzyme chains,
multienzyme complexes and multifunctional enzymes, regulatory enzumes and feedback control of
metabolic pathways, energy charge

Carbohydrate metabolism: Glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis, glycogenolysis and pentose
phosphate pathway; hormonal control. TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation.
B-oxidation and biosynthesis of fatty acids. Transamination and deamination of amino acids, ketogenic and
glycogenic and glycogenic amino acids, urea cycle.Purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis.

Unit 3: Microbiology and Immunology

Viruses: Morphology, Architechture, Nomenclature, Classification and symmetry, Structure of a typical
plant (TMV), Animal (polio) and Bacterial (T4) Viruses; Bacteriophages (Lytic & lysogenic cycles)

Role of microorganisms in biogeochemical cycles of Nitrogen and Carbon. Biological nitrogen fixation with
special reference to Rhizobium. Industrial application of microorganisms: Organic acids, alcohol, food
processing, milk products with special reference to Lactobacillus, antibiotics with reference to
Streptomyces, biopesticides.

Methods in Microbiology – staining, sterilization method culture media, pure culture methods, methods for
population estimation, growth determination.

Immunology: Immunity, Immune system in Human: Active and Passive Immunity, Antigens, Antibodies,
Classes of Immunoglobulins, Antigen – Antibody reaction, B-cells and T-cells and their role in immunity
to infection, Autoimmunity.

Immunity to infectious agents; AIDS and other immunodeficiencies, Vaccines, Hybridoma Technology and
Monoclonal antibodies, Gene Therapy.

Unit 4: Genetic Engineering, Gene Sequencing and RDT

DNA as genetic material, Structure and Biological importance of DNA; Types of RNA and their structure;
Replication of DNA. Genetic code, Central Dogma, Transcription, Translation, RNA editing, DNA repair.
Introduction: Plasmids and bacteriophages: Cosmids, M13, Shuttle vectors and lamda of E. coli,
Applications of genetic engineering in medicine, industry and agriculture. Enzymes for RDT: polymerase,
restriction endonucleases, ligases, Introduction of r-DNA into living cells – Transformation and
Transfection, Identification of recombinants.

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Techniques in Genetic Engineering : PCR, Gene Sequencing – Maxam Gilbert method & Sanger method,
Electrophoresis, Southern and northern blotting techniques. Transgenic plants and animals, Gene therapy,
Intellectual Property Rights, Bioethics.

Unit 5: Bio-Physics

Energetics of a living body, sources of heat limits to temperature ( qualitative treatment), heat dissipation
to conservation, laws of thermodynamics. Nature of chemical bonds, intra and intermolecular interaction
in biological systems. Force field used in Molecular Dynamics Simulation.

Absorption spectroscopy- Beer-Lambert’s law, Colorimetry to Spectrophotometry( single and double
beam spectrophotometer), primary biophysical events in photosynthesis.

Spectroscopic techniques to find out molecular structure (quantitative techniques), general spectroscopy
(UV, Visible, Fluorescence, Atomic absorption, IR to Raman spectra). Instrumental techniques: Concept of
chromatography, electrophoresis; spectrophotometry, UV-VIS, IR, NMR',-and spectroscopy.

Physical methods of imaging, intact biological structures (X-ray, CT-Scan, ECG, EEG, NMR) and
radioactive pollution- GM counter

Structure of proteins – primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary. X-ray crystallography Physical
methods for determining size and shape of macromolecules – diffusion to sedimentation, reverse
osmosis, ultracentrifugation, Ramachandran Plot Analysis.

Unit 6: Fundamentals of Information Technology and Computer Programming

An overview of resolution in computers and communication. Applications software (Word processing,
spreadsheets, database, financial, communicating etc.) Processors (microclips, CPU., Main memory,
representation of data & programs, microcomputer system unit, future processing power), Input and output,
storage, Interactivity, Multimedia

System Software, The use of online resources and the internet, Communications technology (hardware,
channels & Networks), Software development (programming & languages).

Introduction to programming in C++, C++ control structures (if, if/else, while, do/while, for, switch).

Functions (definition and prototypes, storage classes, Scope rules, Recursion, inline functions, references
and reference parametrics, function overloading, function templates), Arrays (declaration, passing arrays to
functions, sorting and searching arrays, multiple subscripted arrays.

Pointers (declaration & initialization, pointer operators, calling functions by reference, pointer expression
and pointer arithmetic, pointers & arrays, arrays of pointers, function pointers), Introduction to characters
and string processing, classes(structures, class scope, access utility functions, constructors, destructors, use
of data members and member functions).

Color models: CMY, HSV, RGB, Visualization techniques. Graphics display devices, Raster and Random
scan devices, color CRT monitors, LCD and LED.

Artificial Neural Networks, Genetic algorithm, Bayesian modeling, Monte Carlo Simulation Method,
Markov Models and their application.

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Perl basic: Variables, Perl operations, A Program to store DNA sequence, Concatenating DNA fragment,
Transcription: DNA to RNA, Subroutines, scoping and subroutines, command-line arguments and arrays
passing data to subroutines, modules and libraries of subroutines, fixing bugs.

Unit 7: Basics of Bio-Informatics

What is Bioinformatics and its relation with molecular biology Examples of related tools, databases and
software, Data generation; Generation of large scale molecular biology data. (Through Genome sequencing,
Protein sequencing, Gel electrophoresis, NMR Spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction, and
microarray).Applications of Bioinformatics.

Biological Database and its Types, Introduction to data types and Source. Population and
sample,Classification and Presentation of Data. Quality of data, private and public data sources. General
Introduction of Biological Databases; Nucleic acid databases, Protein databases (Primary, Composite, and
Secondary).Specialized Genome databases:Structure databases

Data storage and retrieval and Interoperability, Flat files, relational, object oriented databases and controlled
vocabularies. File Format, Introduction to Metadata and search; Indices, Boolean, Fuzzy, Neighboring
search.The challenges of data exchange and integration. Ontologies, interchange languages and
standardization efforts.

Sequence Alignments and Visualization, Introduction to Sequences, alignments and Dynamic
Programming,Local alignment and Global alignment (algorithm and example), Pairwise alignment and
multiple sequence alignment. Methods for presenting large quantities of biological data: sequence viewers,
3D structure viewers, Anatomical visualization.

Gene Expression and Representation of patterns and relationship,General introduction to Gene expression
in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, transcription factors binding sites. SNP, EST, STS.Introduction to Regular
Expression, Hierarchies, and Graphical models (including Marcov chain and Bayes notes).Genetic
variability and connections to clinical data.
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