ICSE Class 9 Sample Paper 2027 Environmental Science

FOR ICSE CLASS 9 EXAM PREPARATION

ICSE Class 9 2027
Sample Paper ·
Environmental Science
EXAM YEAR TYPE SUBJECT

ICSE Class 9 2027 Sample Paper Environmental Science
INCLUDES
Marking Scheme

Notes · Sample Papers · Previous Year Papers · Mock Tests

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CLASS IX – SPECIMEN QUESTION PAPER
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ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE

Maximum Marks: 80

Time allowed: Two hours

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Answers to this Paper must be written on the paper provided separately.

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2. You will not be allowed to write during first

3. a question paper.
This time is to be spent in reading the

4. The time given at the head of this Paper is the time allowed for writing the answers.

5. Attempt all questions.

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6. The intended marks for questions or parts of questions are given in brackets [ ].
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em Instruction for the Supervising Examiner
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ag Kindly read aloud the Instructions given above to all the candidates
Examination Hall.

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CLASS IX – SPECIMEN 1 of 10

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SECTION A (40 Marks)

(Attempt all questions from this Section.)

Question 1
(i) Choose the correct answers to the questions from the given options. [10]
(Do not copy the questions, write the correct answers only.)

1. Leapfrog approach : Sustainable technology :: Rainwater harvesting :
__________

(a) Water conservation

(b) Water pollution

(c) Ground water depletion

(d) Sewage treatment

2. Which of the following is an abiotic component of the ecosystem?

(a) Trees

(b) Bacteria

(c) Sunlight

(d) Lichens

3. Loss of bio-cultural diversity will most directly affect the:

(a) Traditional Knowledge Systems

(b) Industrial productivity

(c) Satellite communication

(d) Urban transport system

4. Identify the INCORRECT pair:

(a) Air Pollution – Vehicular Emissions

(b) Water Pollution – Industrial Effluents

(c) Biodiversity Loss – Habitat Destruction

(d) Sustainable Development – Resource Wastage

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5. The movement of nutrients in the environment forms the:

(a) Biosphere

(b) Water cycle

(c) Biogeochemical cycle

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(d) Carbon cycle

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Observe the diagram given below and identify the concept being suggested:
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(a) Disaster management
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(b) Life skills

(c) Sustainable development

(d) Industrial development

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Which of the following is the cause of resource depletion in developing

las and underdeveloped countries?
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(b) Increased demand in energy

(c) Consumer driven lifestyle

(d) Advanced technology

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CLASS IX – SPECIMEN 3 of 10

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8. Match Column I with Column II:

Column I Column II

1. Carbon Footprint A. Monitoring electricity consumption

2. Energy Audit B. Sustainable resource use

3. Environmental Ethics C. Greenhouse gas emissions

4. Water Budgeting D. Tracking water use

(a) 1-C, 2-A, 3-B, 4-D

(b) 1-A, 2-C, 3-D, 4-B

(c) 1-C, 2-D, 3-A, 4-B

(d) 1-B, 2-C, 3-D, 4-A

9. Identify the purpose of the cropping system illustrated in the picture given
below:

(a) Removal of soil nutrients

(b) Natural replenishment of soil fertility

(c) Increases the attack of pests

(d) Promotes cultivation of only cereal crops

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10. Which feature best explains why the Western Ghats qualify as a
biodiversity hotspot?

(a) Large geographical area

(b) Presence of many rivers

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(c) High agricultural productivity

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(d) Large variety of species

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Answer the following questions: [6]

(a) Name the zone of the earth where land, air and water function together to
support living organisms.

(b) Write any one characteristic of a stable ecosystem.

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. as __________ (Coevolution
(c) The biological process in which different species can live in the same

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habitat at the same time is known
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/Coexistence).

(d) What is the purpose ofatraditional structures such as the stepwells of
Rajasthan and zings of Ladakh?

(e) A school asked its students to examine the types and quantities of waste
generated in the classrooms and canteen and to plan measures for

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segregation and recycling.

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Which type of environmental audit would help the school to assess

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situation?

gla a of the Rio
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(f) The Polluter Pays Principle (PPP) is one of the 27 Principles
Earth Summit 1992. Which environmental ethic does this principle
assert?

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CLASS IX – SPECIMEN 5 of 10

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Question 2

(i) What are producers in an ecosystem? Why are they considered the [2]
foundation of ecosystems?

(ii) To establish a transport network between a few cities, a vast tract of tropical [2]
rainforest was completely cleared. State two ways in which the removal of the
forest directly disrupts the atmospheric balance of the carbon cycle.

(iii) What are indicator species? What is their role in the ecosystem? [2]

(iv) Name the ecological interaction in which one species hunts, kills and feeds on [2]
another species. Give one suitable example.

Question 3

(i) What is the carrying capacity of an ecosystem? Give one example to explain this [2]
concept.

(ii) In India, cities like Mumbai and Ahmedabad grew rapidly due to textile and [2]
manufacturing industries, attracting migrants and expanding urban
infrastructure.

With reference to the above statement, mention two ways how industrialisation
and urbanisation are related.

(iii) List two ways in which deforestation affects climate change. [2]

(iv) State two benefits of Yoga to overcome the issues of today’s modern lifestyle. [2]

Question 4

(i) A city finds an increase in smoke concentration in the air due to vehicular [2]
emissions. Students investigate the sources of this smoke, collect air-quality data
and examine its effects on human health.

Identify the environmental problem described above and state one health impact
of vehicular air pollution.

(ii) State any two benefits of adopting clean energy technologies. [2]

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(iii) Observe the picture given below and answer the questions that follow: [2]

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(a) Identify the environmental issue represented in the diagram.

(b) State any one impact of this issue.

(iv) Explain any two causes of biodiversity loss. [2]

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em from this Section.)
SECTION B (40 Marks)

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Question 5

(i) African elephants uproot trees and clear thick bushes as they feed. This behaviour [5]
prevents forests from dominating the area and helps in maintaining an open
grassland where herbivores graze and lions hunt effectively.

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(a) What are Keystone Species? Explain why the elephant fits this definition.

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Identify the type of interspecies interaction where grazing herbivores

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benefit from the cleared land while the elephants remain unaffected.

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(c) Name the biological process that breaks down elephant waste
how this impacts the abiotic soil.

(ii) (a) What is the role of denitrifying bacteria in maintaining the balance of [5]
nitrogen between the biotic and abiotic components of the environment?

(b) Explain three ways in which estuaries and mangroves help in protecting

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the coastal environment.

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Question 6

(i) Bengaluru has witnessed one of the highest population influxes owing to the [5]
city’s rapid economic growth, especially in IT and various technology sectors.

-(https://bpac.in, 25th August,2023)

(a) Based on the above case study, explain any three ways in which the rising
population and increased consumption of resources put pressure on
natural resources in Bengaluru.

(b) Suggest two sustainable methods to reduce such stress on natural
resources.

(ii) Study the picture given below and answer the following questions: [5]

(a) Name one region in India where these types of houses are commonly
found.

(b) Mention two reasons for the unique feature adopted for the construction
of these types of houses.

(c) State two reasons why this type of construction is considered as a
sustainable practice.

Question 7

(i) Loss of biodiversity threatens human survival. [5]

(a) Justify the above statement giving three reasons.

(b) Mention one natural cause and one man-made cause for the loss of
biodiversity in India.

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(ii) The picture given below illustrates Intensive Livestock Farming in India. [5]

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Mention two reasons why this practice is popular in India.

(b) Give two ecological impacts of this practice.

(c) State one measure to reduce the ecological hazards caused by this
practice.

Question 8

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(i) Name any two Indian harvest festivals. Mention any three ways in which these [5]

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festivals act as a cultural mechanism for biodiversity conservation.

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(ii) Mention three environmental consequences [5]

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unsustainable developmental practices

Question 9

(i) The diagram below shows the relationship between human activities and climate [5]
change:

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(a) Explain the relationship depicted in the diagram.

(b) Suggest three actions that can help break this chronology.

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CLASS IX – SPECIMEN 9 of 10

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(ii) (a) Define Environmental Ethics. [5]

(b) Explain three ways in which environmental ethics can influence
sustainable behaviour at home and school.

Question 10

(i) (a) Explain the concept of handprint. [5]

(b) Describe any three positive environmental actions that can help build
sustainable communities.

(ii) A city experiences increasing temperatures, polluted air and loss of green spaces. [5]

(a) Suggest two measures to address the environmental issues experienced
by the city.

(b) Identify any three components of the Triple Planetary Crisis in this
situation.

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CLASS IX – SPECIMEN
DRAFT MARKING SCHEME – ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE

SECTION A (40 Marks)
Question 1 [10]

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(i) 1. (a) Water conservation
2. (c)
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Sunlight
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. Knowledge Systems e m
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(d) asSustainable Development – Resource Wastage g
3. (a) Traditional
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(c)
6. (c) Sustainable development
7. (a) Population explosion
8. (a) 1-C, 2-A, 3-B, 4-D
9. (b) Natural replenishment of soil fertility

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10. (d) Large variety of species

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(ii) (a) Biosphere
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(b) More biodiversity / dynamic energy flow / effective nutrient cycling / balanced
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trophic levels / resilience to ecological disturbance / self-regulation
(homeostatic mechanism), low pollution, and minimal human impact.
(Any one)
(c) Coexistence
(d) Rainwater harvesting / conservation of water (Any one)
(e) Waste audit

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(f) Those who pollute must pay for the environmental damage they cause

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Question 2

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by photosynthesis using sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water.
They are considered the foundation of an ecosystem because they:
1. Convert solar energy into chemical energy (food), which supports all
other organisms.
2. Provide food and energy directly or indirectly to all consumers, forming
the first trophic level of every food chain.
(Any one)

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(ii) 1. Fewer trees are available to absorb carbon dioxide (CO₂) through [2]
photosynthesis, causing the concentration of CO₂ in the atmosphere to
increase.
2. The increased atmospheric CO₂ is partly absorbed by the ocean,
increasing carbonic acid formation and reducing the pH of the sea water,
making it acidic.
(iii) Indicator species are organisms whose presence, absence, or abundance reflects [2]
the health and quality of an ecosystem or environmental conditions.
Role in the ecosystem: They provide an early warning of environmental
changes such as pollution, habitat degradation, or climate change, helping
scientists monitor and protect ecosystems.
Examples: Lichens indicate air quality, while frogs indicate the health of
freshwater ecosystems.
(iv) The interspecies interaction is called Predation. [2]
Example: A tiger hunting and feeding on a deer / A frog feeding on insects/ A
spider trapping and feeding on a fly/ An owl hunting and feeding on a mouse.
(Any one)

Question 3
(i) Carrying capacity is the maximum population of a species that an ecosystem [2]
can support sustainably with its available resources.
Example: A pond can support only a certain number of fish (e.g., 500). If the
fish population exceeds this limit, food and oxygen become insufficient,
causing the population to decrease back to the carrying capacity.
(ii) Industrialisation creates employment opportunities. This attracts people from [2]
rural areas to cities in search of jobs and this leads to rapid urbanisation.
Urbanisation supports industrial growth by providing better infrastructure, such
as transport, housing, electricity, and communication, along with a large
workforce and markets for goods.
(iii) Two ways in which deforestation affects climate change: [2]
1. Increases atmospheric CO₂ because fewer trees absorb carbon dioxide
through photosynthesis.
2. Raises global temperatures by strengthening the greenhouse effect.
3. Disrupts the water cycle by reducing transpiration, leading to changes
in rainfall patterns.
4. Increases the frequency of droughts in many regions due to reduced
moisture recycling. Reduces the Earth's carbon sink, making it harder to
remove excess CO₂ from the atmosphere.
5. Causes extreme weather conditions such as heat waves and irregular
rainfall.

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6. Accelerates desertification in vulnerable regions by reducing vegetation
cover.
7. Decreases natural cooling provided by forests, causing higher land
surface temperatures.
(Any two)
(iv) Benefits of Yoga: [2]

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1. Improves physical fitness by increasing flexibility, strength, balance,

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and posture.

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2. Promotes mental well-being by reducing stress and anxiety.

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3. Improves
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5.
6. Helps maintain a healthy body weight.
7. Improves sleep quality. (Any two)

Question 4

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(i) Environmental problem: Vehicular air pollution. [2]
Health impact: It can cause respiratory problems such as asthma, bronchitis or

Two benefits of adopting renewable s em technologies:
breathing difficulties.

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Reduces pollution and ggreenhouse gas emissions, helping to slow
(ii) energy [2]
1.
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climate change and improve air quality.
2. Conserves non-renewable resources by reducing dependence on fossil
fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas.
(iii) (a) The environmental issue represented is Global Warming. [2]
(b) Impacts of Global Warming:

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1. It causes the melting of glaciers and polar ice caps, leading to a

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rise in sea level.

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a
Reduced agricultural productivity in many regions.
a 5. Increased occurrence of extreme weather events such as cyclones
and storms.
(Any one)
(iv) Causes of biodiversity loss: [2]
1. Habitat destruction: Forests are cleared for agriculture, industries, roads,
and urban development, destroying the natural habitats of plants and
animals.

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2. Pollution: Air, water, and soil pollution harm living organisms, degrade
ecosystems, and reduce the survival and reproduction of many species.
3. Climate change: Rising temperatures and changing rainfall patterns alter
habitats, making them unsuitable for many species.
4. Overexploitation: Excessive hunting, fishing, logging, and collection of
wildlife reduce the population and may lead to extinction of species.
5. Invasive alien species: Non-native species compete with or prey on
native species, disrupting ecosystems.
(Any two)

SECTION B (40 Marks)

Question 5
(i) (a) Keystone species are species that have a huge impact on the structure [2]
and functioning of an ecosystem, even though its population size may
be small.
African elephants are keystone species because they uproot trees and
clear dense bushes while feeding, preventing forests from overtaking
grasslands. This maintains open habitats and grasslands that support
grazing herbivores and predators such as lions, thereby preserving
ecosystem balance.
(b) Commensalism – the grazing herbivores benefit from the open grassland [1]
created by elephants, while the elephants are neither helped nor harmed.
(c) The biological process is decomposition (carried out by decomposers [2]
such as bacteria and fungi).
Impact on the abiotic soil: Decomposition releases nutrients such as
nitrogen and phosphorus into the soil. This enriches soil fertility,
improves soil quality, and supports healthy plant growth.
(ii) (a) Nitrogen fixation is the process by which atmospheric nitrogen gas (N₂) [2]
is converted into usable nitrogen compounds such as ammonia (NH₃) or
ammonium ions (NH₄⁺) by nitrogen-fixing bacteria (e.g., Rhizobium and
Azotobacter), lightning, or industrial processes. This makes nitrogen
available to plants for growth.
Denitrifying bacteria (such as Pseudomonas and Thiobacillus) convert
nitrates (NO₃⁻) present in the soil into nitrogen gas (N₂), which is
released back into the atmosphere.
(b) Ways in which estuaries and mangroves help in protecting the coastal [3]
environment:
1. Protect the coastline from erosion: Their dense roots bind the soil
and reduce erosion caused by waves and tidal currents.

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2. Act as natural barriers: They absorb and reduce the force of
storms, cyclones and tidal waves, thereby protecting coastal areas
from flooding and damage.
3. Support biodiversity and maintain water quality: They provide
breeding and nursery grounds for many fish and other organisms,
while also trapping sediments and pollutants from water.

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Question 6

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(i) (a) Ways in which the rising population and increased consumption of [3]

s e Increased demand for water leads to over-extraction of groundwater gla
resources put pressure on natural resources:

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1.
and water shortages.
Greater demand for housing and infrastructure results in
deforestation, loss of green spaces, and urban sprawl.
3. Higher energy consumption increases the use of electricity and fossil
fuels, contributing to air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions.
4. More waste generation puts pressure on waste management systems,
causing land and water pollution.

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5. Increased demand for transport leads to traffic congestion, higher fuel

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consumption, and air pollution.

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(Any three)

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ag and water conservation measures.
(b) Sustainable methods to reduce stress on natural resources: [2]
1. Promote rainwater harvesting
2. Encourage public transport, cycling, and electric vehicles to reduce
fuel consumption and pollution.
3. Implement waste segregation, recycling, and composting.
4. Increase afforestation and development of urban green spaces.

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5. Promote energy-efficient buildings and the use of renewable energy

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such as solar power.

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(Any two)

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(ii) (a) Assam (Arunachal Pradesh or other flood-prone North-Eastern [1]

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(b) Reasons for the unique feature: [2]
1. The houses are built on stilts to protect them from seasonal
floods and waterlogging.
2. The raised platform keeps residents safe from wild animals,
snakes, and insects and allows better air circulation.

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(c) This type of construction is considered a sustainable practice because: [2]
1. The houses are built using locally available, renewable materials
such as bamboo, wood, and thatch, reducing the carbon
footprint.
2. The elevated design works with the natural environment,
minimising flood damage and reducing the need for major land
modification.

Question 7
(i) (a) Loss of biodiversity threatens human survival because: [3]
1. It disrupts food chains and food webs, upsetting the ecological
balance and affecting the survival of other organisms.
2. It reduces ecosystem services such as pollination, soil formation,
nutrient cycling, water purification and climate regulation.
3. It decreases ecosystem stability and resilience, making
ecosystems less able to withstand and recover from
environmental changes and natural disasters.
(b) Causes of biodiversity loss in India: [2]
• Natural cause: Floods / droughts / cyclones (Any one)
• Man-made cause: Deforestation and destruction of natural habitats
(Any one)
(ii) (a) 1. It produces a large quantity of milk, meat, eggs, and other animal [2]
products to meet the growing demand of the increasing
population.
2. It increases productivity and profitability by rearing a large
number of animals in a limited space using scientific feeding and
management practices.
(b) 1. Large quantities of animal waste can pollute soil and nearby [2]
water bodies if not treated properly.
2. Methane and other greenhouse gases released by livestock
contribute to global warming and climate change.
(c) 1. Treat animal waste through biogas plants. [1]
2. Composting and proper manure management to prevent
pollution and generate renewable energy.
3. Controlled use of antibiotics.
4. Improved waste treatment systems.
5. Adoption of sustainable livestock farming practices.
(Any one)

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Question 8
(i) The Indian festivals associated with agriculture: [5]
• Pongal
• Baisakhi
• Makar Sankranti

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• Onam

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•
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Nuakhai
•
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Lohri
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•
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aTheg reasons why these festivals act as a cultural mechanism for biodiversity
Magh
(Any two)

conservation are:
1. They promote the cultivation and conservation of indigenous crop
varieties by celebrating local harvests.
2. They encourage the protection of plants, animals, rivers, and forests
through traditional customs and rituals, fostering respect for nature.

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3. They preserve traditional farming practices and indigenous knowledge,

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which support sustainable use of natural resources.
(ii) Environmental consequences:
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Deforestation and habitat ldestruction,
[3]
1.
2.
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a due to industrialisation, urbanisation, and
Air, water, and soil pollution
leading to loss of biodiversity.

improper waste disposal.
3. Climate change and global warming caused by increased greenhouse
gas emissions.
4. Land degradation and soil erosion.
5. Depletion of natural resources such as groundwater, forests, and fossil

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fuels.

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(Any three)

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[2]

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1. Health problems such as respiratory diseases, water-borne

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and heat-related illnesses caused by pollution.
2. Displacement of local communities due to large infrastructure projects,
mining, dams, and urban expansion.
3. Loss of livelihoods for farmers, fishermen, and forest-dependent
communities.
4. Increased poverty and inequality due to unequal access to natural
resources.

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(Any two)

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Question 9
(i) (a) Human activities such as deforestation, industrialisation, urbanisation, [2]
and burning of fossil fuels cause air, water, and soil pollution.
Pollution destroys natural habitats and harms plants and animals,
resulting in biodiversity loss.
The loss of biodiversity reduces the ability of ecosystems to absorb
carbon dioxide and maintain ecological balance, thereby accelerating
climate change.
(b) Three actions that can help break this chronology: [3]
1. Increase afforestation and protect forests to conserve
biodiversity and absorb carbon dioxide.
2. Reduce pollution by using renewable energy, energy-efficient
technologies, and cleaner fuels.
3. Adopt the 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) and ensure proper
waste management.
4. Conserve biodiversity by protecting wildlife habitats and
expanding protected areas.
5. Promote sustainable agriculture and responsible use of natural
resources.
(Any three)
(ii) (a) Environmental Ethics - Are the moral principles and values that guide [2]
human behaviour towards the environment, encouraging the responsible
use, conservation, and protection of natural resources for the well-being
of present and future generations.
(b) The three ways in which environmental ethics can influence sustainable [3]
behaviour at home and school are:
1. Conserve natural resources by switching off lights, fans, and taps
when not in use, thereby saving electricity and water.
2. Practise the 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) by minimising waste,
reusing materials, and segregating waste for recycling.
3. Protect biodiversity by planting and caring for trees, maintaining
school gardens, and avoiding damage to plants and animals.
4. Promoting responsible use of resources: It encourages individuals
to save water, electricity and paper by avoiding wastage and using
resources judiciously.
5. Encouraging proper waste management: It develops a sense of
responsibility to reduce, reuse and recycle materials, avoid single-
use plastics and dispose of waste properly.
6. Developing care and respect for nature: It motivates students and
family members to protect plants and animals, maintain cleanliness
and participate in activities such as tree planting and keeping the
surroundings clean.
(Any two)
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Question 10
(i) (a) A handprint is the positive impact created by an individual or community [2]
through actions that help protect and improve the environment. A
handprint focuses on actions that contribute to sustainability.
(b) Three positive environmental actions to help build sustainable
communities:

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1. Conserve natural resources by saving water, electricity, and other [3]

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essential resources.

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2. Reduce pollution and waste through waste segregation, recycling,

s e Promote biodiversity by planting trees and protecting local gla
composting, and avoiding single-use plastics.

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ag 4.
3.
ecosystems.
Encourage community participation in environmental campaigns,
cleanliness drives, and awareness programmes.
5. Improve public health and quality of life by maintaining a cleaner
and greener environment.
(Any three)

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(ii) (a) Two measures to address the environmental issues: [2]

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1. Increase green cover by planting trees, developing urban forests,

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and protecting existing parks to reduce temperatures and conserve

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biodiversity.

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2. Reduce air pollution by promoting public transport, electric
vehicles, renewable energy, and enforcing strict emission standards
for industries and vehicles.
3. Conserve and restore green spaces by protecting wetlands, parks,
and urban biodiversity through sustainable land-use planning.
4. Promote energy-efficient and green buildings to reduce the urban
heat island effect.

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5. Encourage community participation through tree-planting drives,

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. two)
waste management, and environmental awareness programmes.

c. o (b) The three components of the Triple Planetary Crisis are: se
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(Any

s em g l a [3]

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1. Climate Change – Evident from the increasing temperatures.

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3.
Pollution – Evident from the polluted air.
Biodiversity Loss (Nature Loss) – Evident from the loss of green
spaces, which destroys habitats and reduces biodiversity.

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CLASS IX – SPECIMEN .c e
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9 of 9

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a g For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 19 of 19