NCERT Book Class 12 Biology Chapter 10 Biotechnology and its Applications

CHAPTER 10

BIOTECHNOLOGY AND ITS
APPLICATIONS

10.1 Biotechnological
Applications in
Agriculture Biotechnology, as you would have learnt from the
previous chapter, essentially deals with industrial scale
10.2 Biotechnological production of biopharmaceuticals and biologicals using
Applications in genetically modified microbes, fungi, plants and animals.
Medicine The applications of biotechnology include therapeutics,
10.3 Transgenic Animals diagnostics, genetically modified crops for agriculture,
processed food, bioremediation, waste treatment, and
10.4 Ethical Issues
energy production. Three critical research areas of
biotechnology are:
(i) Providing the best catalyst in the form of improved
organism usually a microbe or pure enzyme.
(ii) Creating optimal conditions through engineering for
a catalyst to act, and
(iii) Downstream processing technologies to purify the
protein/organic compound.
Let us now learn how human beings have used
biotechnology to improve the quality of human life,
especially in the field of food production and health.

10.1 B IOTECHNOLOGICAL A PPLICATIONS IN
AGRICULTURE
Let us take a look at the three options that can be thought
for increasing food production
(i) agro-chemical based agriculture;