UPSC Civil Services (Prelims) 2026 Notification

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EXAMINATION NOTICE NO 05/2026-CSE DATE: 04.02.2026
(LAST DATE FOR SUBMISSION OF ONLINE APPLICATIONS: 24.02.2026 of CIVIL SERVICES
EXAMINATION, 2026)
(The Commission’s Website: www.upsc.gov.in)

IMPORTANT INFORMATION FOR THE CANDIDATES

The Online Application Portal of Union Public Service Commission for registration
and filling up of application form online, has four cards/modules, three of which namely,
Account creation, Universal Registration and Common Application Form are common to
all examination applications and can be filled anytime by the candidate while the fourth
card/module is examination specific and can be filled during the time period allowed in
notification of an examination. Applicants are required to apply online by using the website
https://upsconline.nic.in.

Once a candidate has registered on the Online Application Portal, a Universal
Registration Number (URN) is generated which is common for all the examinations of the
Commission. After filling up of the examination specific form, Application Number is
generated which is examination specific and is to be retained by the applicant alongwith
the URN for any future communication with the Commission. The URN has to be
registered only once in lifetime. While the URN will be unique and remain constant, the
Application Number will be dynamic in nature and will vary from examination to
examination.

Detailed instructions are available on the home page of the portal as well as with all
profiles/modules to guide the candidates for filling up the application and upload the
documents. Candidates are advised to first go through these Instructions carefully and
prepare documents in advance to have a smooth flow during filling up of form and
document uploading.

Applicants are strongly advised to use their Aadhaar Card as ID documents for easy,
effortless and seamless verification and authentication of ID and other details.

1. CANDIDATES TO ENSURE THEIR ELIGIBILITY FOR THE EXAMINATION:

All candidates are requested to carefully read the Rules of Civil Services Examination notified by
the Government (Department of Personnel and Training) and this Notice of Examination derived from these
Rules. The Candidates applying for the examination should ensure that they fulfill all eligibility conditions
for admission to examination. Their admission to all the stages of the examination will be purely
provisional subject to satisfying the prescribed eligibility conditions. Mere issue of e-Admit Card to the

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candidate will not imply that his/her candidature has been finally cleared by the Commission. The
Commission takes up verification of eligibility conditions with reference to original documents only after
the candidate has qualified for Interview/Personality Test.

2. HOW TO APPLY:

Candidates are required to apply online by using the website https://upsconline.nic.in.
Candidates are advised to go through the General instructions, Profile/Module wise instructions and
instructions for uploading of documents before proceeding to fill up the form. A candidate who is willing to
apply for Civil Services Examination shall be required to submit the requisite information and supporting
documents towards various claims, such as date of birth, educational qualification, etc as may be sought
by the Commission alongwith the Universal Registration Number (URN), Common Application Form (CAF)
and the fourth module i.e. Examination Specific module (including fees and centre etc.). Failure to provide
the required information/documents alongwith the Common Application Form (CAF) will entail cancellation
of candidature for the examination.

NOTE 1:- The Commission provides a one-time facility for candidates to update or modify their Universal
Registration Number (URN) profile. Please note that any changes made to the URN Profile will not be
reflected in applications already submitted. The updated information will apply only to applications
submitted after the candidate has made the necessary changes and successfully re-locked the URN Profile.

NOTE 2 - Live Photo Capture for filling up of Common Application Form (CAF)
Applicants are required to upload their photograph and also capture their live photograph while
filling up the Common Application Form (CAF). Applicants must ensure that the uploaded photograph and
the live photograph captured are clear as per instructions given on “Instructions and FAQs > Instruction
for filling the form > Photos and Signature” available on the Commission’s website
https://upsconline.nic.in.

NOTE 3 :- Uploading of Signature
Applicants are required to sign three times (one below the other) on a plain white paper using a
black ink and upload the same while filling up the Common Application Form (CAF). The uploaded
signatures should be clear and legible. The Candidates are advised to refer to the instruction for uploading
the signature available under “Instructions and FAQs” on the website of the Commission with the URL:
https://upsconline.nic.in.”

2.1 The candidates will not be allowed to withdraw their applications after the submission of the same.
Further no correction /alteration/modification in any field(s) of the Application Form is allowed after
submission.

2.2 The candidate should have details of one Photo ID Card viz. Aadhaar Card/Voter Card (EPIC)/PAN
Card/Passport/Driving Licence/Any other Photo ID Card issued by the State/Central Government.
The details of this Photo ID Card will have to be provided by the candidate while filling up the Universal
Registration Number (URN) Profile. This Photo ID Card will be used for all future reference and the
candidate is advised to carry this Photo ID Card while appearing for Examination/Personality Test.

3. LAST DATE FOR SUBMISSION OF APPLICATIONS:

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The Online Applications can be filled upto 24th February, 2026 till 6:00 PM.

4. ISSUANCE OF E-ADMIT CARD:
The eligible candidates will be issued an e-Admit Card on the last working day of the preceding week
of the date of examination. Further, those candidates, who have opted for change of Scribe seven
(07) days prior to the date of the examination, shall be issued e-Admit Card three (03) days prior
to the date of examination. The e-Admit Card will be made available on the website
[https://upsconline.nic.in] for downloading by the candidates. No Admit Card will be sent by post or
Email. All the applicants are requested to provide valid & active e-mail i.d. while creating
account as the Commission may use electronic mode for contacting them.

5. PENALTY FOR WRONG ANSWERS:
Candidates should note that there will be penalty (negative marking) for wrong answers marked by a
candidate in the Objective Type Question Papers.

6. Online Question Paper Representation Portal (QPRep):
The Commission will be providing an opportunity to the appeared candidates to make representations
to the Commission on the questions asked in the Papers of the Examination and on the Answer key of
the Question paper (Objective Type) of the Civil Services (Preliminary) Examination in a time frame of
5 days (Five Days) i.e. from the third day of the Examination Date to 6.00 p.m. of the 7th day. The
appeared candidates may login to the Commission’s website https://upsconline.nic.in and submit
their representation(s), if any, on Question Paper(s) under the header Examinations > Representations
on Question Paper. No representation by email/post/hand or by any other mode shall be accepted and
the Commission shall not involve into any correspondence with the candidates in this regard. No
representation shall be accepted under any circumstances after this window of 5 days is over.

7. HELPDESK FOR CANDIDATE

The Commission has established a dedicated helpline to assist the candidates during the
application process. Candidates seeking clarification, guidance, or assistance related to the
application process or examination details can contact the helpline no. 011-24041001 or
email ID – [email protected]. The helpline will be operational from 10:00 AM to 5:30 PM on all
working days during the application window i.e. from 04.02.2026 to 24.02.2026. Applicants
may utilize this service for any issues relating to the application process, including fee
payment, uploading of documents, etc.

8. Change of Scribe:
Candidates, who have opted to use a scribe, may request a change of scribe upto seven (7) days
prior to the date of the examination. Such requests shall be submitted via URL
https://upsconline.nic.in. The request will be reviewed in accordance with the prescribed
guidelines, and the candidate will be informed accordingly.

9. MOBILE PHONES BANNED:
(a) The use of any mobile phone (even in switched off mode), pager or any electronic equipment
or programmable device or storage media like pen drive, smart watches etc. or camera or Bluetooth
devices or any other equipment or related accessories either in working or switched off mode capable

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of being used as a communication device during the examination is strictly prohibited. Any
infringement of these instructions shall entail disciplinary action including ban from future
examinations.
(b) Candidates are advised in their own interest not to bring any of the banned items including
mobile phones/pagers to the venue of the examination, as no arrangement for safe-keeping will be
made at the venue of the examination.
(c) Candidates are advised not to bring any valuable/costly items including mobile phones,
smart/digital watches, other IT gadgets, books, bags etc. to the venue of the examination, as no
arrangement for safe-keeping will be made at the venue of the examination. Commission will not be
responsible for any loss in this regard.

10. The candidates should reach the venue of the Examination well in time at least 30
minutes prior to the commencement of each session of the Examination. No late
entry will be allowed inside the Exam-venue under any circumstances.

11. Face Authentication for Candidates at the Examination Venue

In order to ensure a secure and smooth examination process, all
candidates will be required to undergo face authentication at the
examination venue mandatorily. Candidates are advised to enter the
examination venue well in time for face authentication/identity
verification and frisking.

CANDIDATES ARE REQUIRED TO APPLY ONLINE AT https://upsconline.nic.in ONLY.
NO OTHER MODE IS ALLOWED FOR SUBMISSION OF APPLICATION.

GOVERNMENT STRIVES TO HAVE A WORKFORCE WHICH REFLECTS GENDER
BALANCE AND WOMEN CANDIDATES ARE ENCOURAGED TO APPLY.

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F.No. 1/2/2025-E.I(B): Preliminary Examination of the Civil Services Examination for recruitment to the
Services and Posts mentioned below will be held by the Union Public Service Commission on 24th May,
2026 in accordance with the Rules published by the Department of Personnel & Training in the Gazette of
India Extraordinary dated 04th February, 2026, All candidates must carefully read the Civil Services
Examination- 2026 Rules together with all the Appendices along with the Annexures thereof and this
Examination Notice derived from the CSE Rules-2026 in entirety for gaining awareness of the current Rules
and Regulations as changes may have been incorporated since the previous Examination Rules.

(i) Indian Administrative Service
(ii) Indian Foreign Service
(iii) Indian Police Service
(iv) Indian Audit and Accounts Service, Group ‘A’
(v) Indian Civil Accounts Service, Group ‘A’
(vi) Indian Corporate Law Service, Group ‘A’
(vii) Indian Defence Accounts Service, Group ‘A’
(viii) Indian Defence Estates Service, Group ‘A’
(ix) Indian Information Service, Group ‘A’
(x) Indian Postal Service, Group ‘A’
(xi) Indian Post & Telecommunication Accounts and Finance Service, Group ‘A’
(xii) Indian Railway Management Service (Traffic), Group ‘A’
(xiii) Indian Railway Management Service (Personnel), Group ‘A’
(xiv) Indian Railway Management Service (Accounts), Group ‘A’
(xv) Indian Railway Protection Force Service, Group ‘A’
(xvi) Indian Revenue Service (Customs & Indirect Taxes) Group ‘A’
(xvii) Indian Revenue Service (Income Tax) Group ‘A’
(xviii) Indian Trade Service, Group ‘A’ (Grade III)
(xix) Armed Forces Headquarters Civil Service, Group ‘B’ (Section Officer’s Grade)
(xx) Delhi, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep, Daman & Diu and Dadra & Nagar Haveli
Civil Service (DANICS), Group ‘B’
(xxi) Delhi, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep, Daman & Diu and Dadra & Nagar Haveli
Police Service (DANIPS), Group ‘B’
(xxii) Pondicherry Civil Service (PONDICS), Group ‘B’
(xxiii) Pondicherry Police Service (PONDIPS), Group‘B’

The number of vacancies to be filled through the examination is expected to be approximately
933 which include 33 Vacancies reserved for Persons with Benchmark Disability Category, i.e. 7
Vacancies for candidates of (a) blindness and low vision; 11 Vacancies for (b) deaf and hard of hearing;
8 Vacancies for (c) locomotor disability including cerebral palsy, leprosy cured, dwarfism, acid attack
victims and muscular dystrophy; and 7 Vacancies for (e) multiple disabilities from amongst persons under
clauses (a) to (c) except the combination of blind & deaf (B+D). The final number of vacancies may
undergo change after getting firm number of vacancies from Cadre Controlling Authorities. Reservation
will be made for candidates belonging to Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, Other Backward Classes,
the Economically Weaker Sections and Persons with Benchmark Disability in respect of vacancies as may
be fixed by the Government.

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PRATIBHA SETU PORTAL (erstwhile PUBLIC DISCLOSURE SCHEME):-

As per the policy notified by the Government for increasing the access of unemployed to job
opportunities, the information of candidates who appeared in the final stage of Examination (Interview /
Personality Test) but not recommended, will be made accessible to any registered Private Company, Public
Sector Undertaking, Statutory and Autonomous organisations of Government of India on the dedicated
portal on the website of the Commission to identify suitable candidates in line of their requirements for
providing employment. Short biodata of the candidates with their educational qualifications, contact
numbers, details including their percentile (not absolute or percentage marks), etc. will also be made
accessible on this dedicated portal. The data available on this portal shall be restricted for the purpose of
evaluation of suitability of the candidates for employment purpose only to these registered organisations.
These lists will be made available after the Reserve List/Extended List is utilized/exhausted after declaration
of final result. It may be noted that there is no option for partial disclosure and choice once opted cannot
be changed.

Candidates will be required to give their consent at the time of filling the exam specific module. A
candidate may opt out of the scheme also and in that case his/her details will not be published by the
Commission.

Besides sharing of the information of the non-recommended willing candidates of this examination,
the Commission will not assume any responsibility or liability for the method and manner in which
information related to such candidates is utilized by these registered organizations.

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Note : A list of Services Identified suitable for Persons with Benchmark Disability

Name of the Service(s) Category(ies) for which Suitable Category of Functional Requirements
Identified Benchmark Disabilities [erstwhile Physical
[erstwhile Functional Requirements (PR)]
Classification (FC)]
(1) (2) (3) (4)
1. Indian Administrative Service, (i) Locomotor disability OA,OL,BA,OAL, BLA, BLOA, S,SE, H, RW,C
BL, BAOL, SD, SI, CP, LC, Dw,
2. Indian Foreign Service, including Cerebral Palsy, AAV, MDy
3. Indian Audit and Accounts Leprosy Cured,
Service, Group'A', Dwarfism, Acid Attack
4. Indian Civil Accounts Service, Victims and Muscular
5. Indian Corporate Law Service, Dystrophy
Group‘A’,
(ii)Blindness and Low Vision LV, B MF, PP, S, ST, W, L,C, RW
6. Indian Defence Accounts
(including in braille/
Service, Group 'A',
software), H,KC, BN
7. Indian Defence Estates
(iii)Deaf and Hard of Hearing D,HH MF,
Service, Group 'A',
PP,S,ST,W,L,C,RW,KC,BN
8. Indian Information Service, (iv) Multiple disability Any combination of FCs S, RW (including in braille/
Group 'A', from different categories software), C
from amongst only
9. Indian Postal Service, as allowed under (i) to
above three categories
Group'A', (iii), except the
10. Indian P and T Accounts and combination of blind &
Finance Service,Group 'A', deaf (B+D)
11. Indian Revenue Service
(Customs and Indirect Taxes),
Group 'A',
12. Indian Revenue Service(IT),
Group 'A',
13. Indian Trade Service,
Group'A' (GradeIII),
14. Indian Railway Management
Service (Traffic), Group 'A',
15. Indian Railway Management
Service (Personnel), Group 'A',
16. Indian Railway Management
Service (Accounts), Group 'A',
17. Armed Forces Headquarters
(AFHQ) Civil Service, Group'B'
(Section Officer’s Grade),
18. Delhi, Andaman and Nicobar
Islands, Lakshadweep, Daman
and Diu and Dadra and Nagar
Haveli Civil Service (DANICS),
Gr.'B',
19. Pondicherry Civil Service
(PONDICS), Group ‘B’

Note: If there is any change in the ‘Suitable Categories of Benchmark Disabilities’ and ‘Functional
Requirements’ in any of the Service(s) as prescribed above, the same shall be notified
subsequently.
List of Abbreviations used:

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Categories of Disability LD Locomotor Disability
VI Visual Impairment
HI Hearing Impairment
MD Multiple Disabilities
Sub-Categories OA One Arm
OL One Leg
BA Both Arms
OAL One Arm One Leg
BLA Both Legs and Arms
BLOA Both Legs One Arm
BL Both Legs
BAOL Both Arms and One Leg
SD Spinal Deformity
SI Spinal Injury
CP Cerebral Palsy
LC Leprosy Cured
Dw Dwarfism
AAV Acid Attack Victims
MDy Muscular Dystrophy
LV Low Vision
B Blind
D Deaf
HH Hard of Hearing
MD Multiple Disabilities
Functional Requirements S Sitting
ST Standing
W Walking
SE Seeing
H Hearing
RW Reading and Writing
C Communication
MF Manipulation with Fingers
PP Pulling & Pushing
L Lifting
KC Kneeling and Crouching
BN Bending
JU Jumping
CL Climbing

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2 (A)(i) Centres of Civil Services (Preliminary) Examination: The Examination will be held at the
following Centres:

Sl. Sl. Sl.
CENTRE CENTRE CENTRE
No. No. No.
1 AGARTALA 30 GURUGRAM 59 PATNA
SRI VIJAYA PURAM
2 AGRA 31 GWALIOR 60
(PORTBLAIR)
PRAYAGRAJ
3 AHMEDABAD 32 HYDERABAD 61
(ALLAHABAD)
4 AIZAWL 33 IMPHAL 62 PUDUCHERRY
5 AJMER 34 INDORE 63 PUNE
6 ALIGARH 35 ITANAGAR 64 RAIPUR
7 ALMORA (UTTARAKHAND) 36 JABALPUR 65 RAJKOT
ANANTHAPURAMU
8 37 JAIPUR 66 RANCHI
(ANDHRA PRADESH)
CHHATRAPATI
SAMBHAJINAGAR
9 38 JAMMU 67 SAMBALPUR
[AURANGABAD
(MAHARASHTRA)]
10 BAREILLY 39 JODHPUR 68 SHILLONG
11 BENGALURU 40 JORHAT 69 SHIMLA
12 BHOPAL 41 KANPUR 70 SILIGURI
13 BHUBANESWAR 42 KARGIL 71 SRINAGAR
BILASPUR SRINAGAR
14 43 KOCHI 72
(CHHATTISGARH) (UTTARAKHAND)
15 CHANDIGARH 44 KOHIMA 73 SURAT
16 CHENNAI 45 KOLKATA 74 THANE
17 COIMBATORE 46 KOZHIKODE (CALICUT) 75 THIRUVANANTHAPURAM
18 CUTTACK 47 LEH 76 TIRUCHIRAPALLI
19 DEHRADUN 48 LUCKNOW 77 TIRUPATI
20 DELHI 49 LUDHIANA 78 UDAIPUR
DHARAMSHALA (HIMACHAL
21 50 MADURAI 79 VARANASI
PRADESH)
MANDI (HIMACHAL
22 DHARWAR 51 80 VELLORE
PRADESH)
23 DISPUR 52 MEERUT 81 VIJAYAWADA
24 FARIDABAD 53 MUMBAI 82 VISAKHAPATNAM
HANUMAKONDA
25 GANGTOK 54 MYSURU 83
(WARANGAL URBAN)
26 GAUTAM BUDDH NAGAR 55 NAGPUR
27 GAYA 56 NASIK
28 GHAZIABAD 57 NAVI MUMBAI
29 GORAKHPUR 58 PANAJI (GOA)

(ii) Centres of Civil Services (Main) Examination:-
Sl. Sl. Sl.
CENTRE CENTRE CENTRE
No. No. No.
1 AHMEDABAD 10 DELHI 19 PATNA
2 AIZAWL 11 DISPUR (GUWAHATI) 20 PRAYAGRAJ ( ALLAHABAD)
3 BENGALURU 12 HYDERABAD 21 RAIPUR
4 BHOPAL 13 IMPHAL 22 RANCHI
5 BHUBANESWAR 14 JAIPUR 23 SHILLONG
6 CHANDIGARH 15 JAMMU 24 SHIMLA
7 CHENNAI 16 KOLKATA 25 SRINAGAR
8 CUTTACK 17 LUCKNOW 26 THIRUVANANTHAPURAM
9 DEHRADUN 18 MUMBAI 27 VIJAYAWADA

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The Centres and the date of holding the examination as mentioned above are liable to be changed at the
discretion of the Commission. Applicants should note that there will be a ceiling on the number of candidates
allotted to each of the Centres, except Chennai, Dispur, Kolkata and Nagpur. Allotment of Centres will be
on the "first-apply-first-allot" basis, and once the capacity of a particular Centre is attained, the centre
will no longer be available as an option for Non-PwBD candidates, however, the PwBD candidates would be
able to opt the desired centre. Applicants, who cannot get a Centre of their choice due to ceiling, will be
required to choose a Centre from the remaining ones. Applicants are, thus, advised that they may apply
early so that they could get a Centre of their choice. If any candidate appears at a venue other than the one
indicated by the Commission in his/her e-Admit Card, such candidate will not be allowed to take the
examination.

NB: Notwithstanding the aforesaid provision, the Commission reserves the right to change the Centres
at its discretion if the situation demands. All the Examination Centres for Civil Services Examination,
2026 will cater to examination for Persons with Benchmark Disability in their respective Centres.
Candidates admitted to the examination will be informed of the time table and place or places of
examination. The candidates should note that no request for change of Centre will be entertained.

(B) Plan of Examination:
The Civil Services Examination will consist of two successive stages (vide Appendix I Section-I)
(i) Civil Services (Preliminary) Examination (Objective type) for the selection of candidates for the
Main Examination; and
(ii) Civil Services (Main) Examination (Written and Interview) for the selection of candidates for the
various Services and posts noted above.

B.1. A candidate who is willing to apply for Civil Services Examination shall be required to apply on-line
and submit the requisite information and supporting documents towards various claims, such as date of
birth, category [viz. SC/ST/OBC/ EWS/PwBD/Ex-Servicemen], educational qualification and Service
preferences etc. as may be sought by the Commission alongwith the Common Application Form. The failure
to provide the required information/documents alongwith the Universal Registration Number Profile and
Common Application Form will entail cancellation of candidature for the examination.

Note : The candidates should also note that no addition/deletion/any changes are allowed in the Online
Application Form in any circumstances once it is submitted.

B.2 The Commission shall provide a window of 10 (ten) days after the declaration of result of Civil Services
(Preliminary) Examination. All the candidates qualified for Civil Services (Main) Examination will have to
mandatorily login to the portal (https://upsconline.nic.in) during this window and update and/or reconfirm
their details etc. and submit the Application Form to enable the Commission to generate e-Admit Card,
failing which, such candidates will not be allowed to participate in the further stages of examination. The
candidates, who are required to pay fee, shall have to pay fee during this window.

B.3(a) The Commission shall also provide a window of 15 (Fifteen) days after the declaration of result of
written part of Civil Services (Main) Examination to the candidates qualified for Personality Test/Interview.

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All the candidates, who qualified for the Personality Test (Interview), are mandatorily required to fill/update
the requisite field(s) [viz. details of educational qualification status (whether appearing/appeared) along
with proof of passing the requisite qualifying Examination, and upload the relevant document as proof of
their claim, failing which his/her candidature shall stand cancelled and no correspondence will be
entertained by the Commission in this regard. Further, no e-summon letter will be issued to such
candidates.

B.3(b) In addition to the above para B.3(a), the candidates (wherever applicable) are required to update the
Correspondence/Permanent Postal Address, Higher Educational Qualification, Achievement in different
fields (if any), Employment Details/Service Experience, Details of the Service allocated on the basis of
earlier/previous Civil Services Examinations (if any), Marital Status, PwBD Recommendation details in
past, Parental Details, Debarment information, Earlier Examination details, Attempt Information,
OBC/EWS Annexure (wherever applicable), socio-economic questionnaire], whichever is applicable and
submit their Application Form.

B.3(c) Candidates who have uploaded the required documents/information earlier and have no information
to update/fill in, are also required to login and finally submit after verifying the details so as to generate
the e-summon letter for the Personality Test.

B.3(d) The candidates are advised to regularly visit the Commission’s website with regard to further
updates.

B.4. The candidate shall be required to mandatorily indicate order of preferences only for those Services
which are participating in the Civil Services Examination-2026 and for which the candidate is interested to
be allocated to in case of eventual selection. In case of recommendation of candidature by UPSC for Service
Allocation, the candidate shall be considered by the Government for allocation to one of those Services for
which the preference has been indicated by the candidate in the Application Form subject to fulfillment of
other conditions. In case preference for none of the Services is indicated, the candidate will not be
considered for Service Allocation.

A candidate who wishes to be considered for Indian Administrative Service or Indian Police Service shall be
required to indicate, as and when asked for by the Commission, and in the manner prescribed by it, their
home cadre preference in case of appointment to the IAS or IPS.

Note-I: The candidates are advised to indicate preferences for various services or posts very carefully.
Attention is also invited to Rule 21 (1) of Civil Services Examination, 2026 in this connection.

Note-II: The candidates are advised to periodically visit DoPT’s website https://dopt.gov.in or
https://cseplus.nic.in for information or details about Service Allocation, Cadre allotment, etc.

Note-III: As per the extant Cadre Allocation Policy applicable for the Civil Services Examination- 2026 the
candidates who wish to indicate IAS/IPS as their Service preference are advised to indicate, as and when
asked for by the Commission, and in the manner prescribed by it, their Home cadre preference in case of
appointment to the IAS or IPS.

B.5. No change in preference for Services and Home Cadre (applicable for IAS/IPS) once submitted
by a candidate would be permitted except as provided in Para B.3 above.

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3. Eligibility Conditions:
(I) Nationality
(1) For the Indian Administrative Service, the Indian Foreign Service and the Indian Police Service, a
candidate must be a citizen of India.
(2) For other services, a candidate must be either:—
(a) a citizen of India, or
(b) a subject of Nepal, or
(c) a subject of Bhutan, or
(d) a Tibetan refugee who came over to India before 1st January, 1962 with the intention of permanently
settling in India, or
(e) a person of Indian origin who has migrated from Pakistan, Burma, Sri Lanka, East African countries
of Kenya, Uganda, the United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia, Malawi, Zaire, Ethiopia and Vietnam
with the intention of permanently settling in India.
Provided that a candidate belonging to categories (b), (c), (d) and (e) shall be a person in whose favour
a certificate of eligibility has been issued by the Government of India.
A candidate in whose case a certificate of eligibility is necessary, may be admitted to the examination
but the offer of appointment may be given only after the necessary eligibility certificate has been issued to
him/her by the Government of India.

(II) Age Limits:
(1) A candidate must have attained the age of 21 years and must not have attained the age of 32
years on the 1st of August, 2026 i.e., the candidate must have been born not earlier than 2nd
August, 1994 and not later than 1st August, 2005.

(2) The upper age-limit prescribed above will be relaxable:
(a) up to a maximum of five years if a candidate belongs to a Scheduled Caste or a Scheduled
Tribe;
(b) up to a maximum of three years in the case of candidates belonging to Other Backward
Classes who are eligible to avail of reservation applicable to such candidates;
(c) up to a maximum of three years in the case of Defence Services Personnel, disabled in
operations during hostilities with any foreign country or in a disturbed area and released as
a consequence thereof;
(d) up to a maximum of five years in the case of ex-servicemen including Commissioned Officers
and Emergency Commissioned Officers (ECOs)/ Short Service Commissioned Officers
(SSCOs) who have rendered at least five years Military Service as on 1st August, 2026 and
have been released:
(i) on completion of assignment (including those whose assignment is due to be
completed within one year from 1st August, 2026, otherwise than by way of dismissal or
discharge on account of misconduct or inefficiency); or
(ii) on account of physical disability attributable to Military Service; or
(iii) on invalidment.
(e) up to a maximum of five years in the case of ECOs/SSCOs who have completed an initial
period of assignment of five years of Military Service as on 1st August, 2026 and whose

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assignment has been extended beyond five years and in whose case the Ministry of Defence
issues a certificate that they can apply for civil employment and that they will be released on
three months’ notice on selection from the date of receipt of offer of appointment.
(f) up to a maximum of 10 years in the case of candidates belonging to Persons with Benchmark
Disabilities (PwBD) categories viz.
(i) blindness and low vision;
(ii) deaf and hard of hearing;
(iii) locomotor disability including cerebral palsy, leprosy cured, dwarfism, acid attack
victims and muscular dystrophy;
(iv) autism, intellectual disability, specific learning disability and mental illness;
(v) multiple disabilities from amongst person under clauses (i) to (iv) including deaf-
blindness.
Note-I : Candidates belonging to either the SC or the ST or the OBC category who are also covered under
any other clauses of para 3(II)(2) above, viz. those coming under the category of Ex-servicemen or PwBD,
will be eligible for grant of cumulative age-relaxation under both categories.

Note-II : The term Ex-servicemen will apply to the persons who are defined as Ex-servicemen in the Ex-
servicemen (Re-employment in Civil Services and Posts) Rules, 1979, as amended from time to time.

Note-III : The age concession under para 3(II)(2) (d) and (e) will be admissible to Ex-servicemen i.e. a person
who has served in any rank whether as combatant or non-combatant in the Regular Army, Navy and Air
Force of the Indian Union and who either has been retired or relieved or discharged from such service
whether at own request or being relieved by the employer after earning pension.

Note-IV : Notwithstanding the provision of age-relaxation under para 3(II) (2) (f) above, candidates of PwBD
category will be considered to be eligible for appointment only if they (after such Medical Examination as
the Government or appointing authority, as the case may be, may prescribe) are found to satisfy the
requirements of physical and medical standards for the concerned Services to be allocated to the candidates
of PwBD category by the Government.

Note-V : Save as provided under para 3(II) (2) above, the age-limits prescribed can in no case be relaxed.

(3) The date of birth, accepted by the Commission is that entered in the Matriculation or Secondary
School Leaving Certificate or in a certificate recognised by an Indian University as equivalent to
Matriculation or in an extract from a Register of Matriculates maintained by a University which extract must
be certified by the proper authority of the University or in the Higher Secondary examination certificate or
an equivalent examination certificate. The certificate in support of the date of birth is required to be
submitted by a candidate only at the time of applying for the Civil Services Examination. No other document
relating to age like horoscopes, affidavits, birth extracts from Municipal Corporation, Service records and
the like will be accepted.

Note-I : Candidate should note that only the date of birth as recorded in the Matriculation or Secondary
School Leaving Certificate or in an equivalent certificate as mentioned in para 3(II)(3) above and issued prior
to the date of submission of application will be accepted by the Commission, and no subsequent request for
its change will be considered or granted.

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Note-II : Candidates should also note that once a date of birth has been submitted by them in the Universal
Registration Profile and Common Application Form and entered in the records of the Commission for the
purpose of admission to an Examination, no change will be allowed subsequently or at any other
Examination of the Commission on any grounds whatsoever.

(III) Minimum Educational Qualification:
A candidate must hold a Graduate degree of any of the Universities incorporated by an Act of the
central or State Legislature in India or other educational institutions established by an Act of Parliament or
declared to be deemed as a University under Section 3 of the University Grants Commission Act, 1956 or
possess an equivalent qualification.

Note-I: Candidates who have appeared at a qualifying examination the passing of which would render them
educationally qualified for the Commission’s Examination but have not been informed of the result as also
the candidates who intend to appear at such a qualifying examination will also be eligible for admission to
the written part of Civil Services Examination, 2026. However, all such candidates, who are declared
qualified by the Commission for Interview/Personality Test, will be required to produce proof of passing of
the requisite qualifying examination within the time limit prescribed in Rule 13 of CSE, 2026.
Only valid proof of passing the qualifying examination viz. Degree Certificate/Final Mark
Sheet/Provisional Degree Certificate etc. as are normally issued to the candidate by the competent authority
after the formal declaration of results by the University/Boards may be accepted. Proof of completion of
internship is required in case of MBBS/BDS/Veterinary Science etc. and equivalent degree.

Note-II: In exceptional cases, the Commission may treat a candidate who does not have any of the foregoing
qualifications as a candidate, provided that the candidate has passed an examination conducted by any
other institution the standard of which in the opinion of the Commission justifies the admission to the Civil
Services Examination.

Note-III: Candidates possessing professional and technical qualifications which are recognised by
Government as equivalent to professional and technical degree would also be eligible for admission to the
Civil Services Examination.

Note-IV: Candidates who have passed the final professional M.B.B.S or any other equivalent professional
examination leading to a medical degree or certificate but have not completed their internship by the time
of submission of their applications for the Civil Services Examination, will be provisionally admitted to the
Civil Services Examination, provided they submit along with their application a copy of certificate from the
concerned authority of the University/Institution that they had passed the requisite final professional
examination. In such cases, the candidates will be required to produce at the time of their interview the
original degree or a certificate from the concerned competent authority of the University/Institution that
they had completed all requirements (including completion of internship) for the award of the Degree.

(IV) Number of attempts:

Every candidate appearing at the examination, who is otherwise eligible, shall be permitted six (6)
attempts at the CSE. However, relaxation in the number of attempts will be available to the SC/ST/OBC
and PwBD category candidates who are otherwise eligible. The number of attempts available to such
candidates as per relaxation is as under:

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Category to which the Candidate Belongs
Number of SC /ST OBC PwBD
attempts 09 for GL/EWS/OBC
Unlimited 09
Unlimited for SC/ST

Provided that attempts available to a candidate shall be restricted in terms of provision under Rule-12
of Civil Service Rules 2026.

Note-I: The terms – GL for General, EWS for Economically Weaker Sections, SC for Scheduled Castes, ST
for Scheduled Tribes, OBC for Other Backward Classes and PwBD for Persons with Benchmark Disability –
are used for denoting the categories of candidates taking an attempt at the Examination.

Note-II: An attempt at a Preliminary Examination shall be deemed to be an attempt at the Civil Services
Examination.

Note-III: If a candidate actually appears in any one paper in the Preliminary Examination, it will be deemed
that the candidate has made an attempt at the Examination.

Note-IV: Notwithstanding any subsequent disqualification/cancellation of candidature, the fact of
appearance of the candidate at the Examination will count as an attempt.

(V) Restrictions on applying for the examination:
(1) A candidate who is appointed to the Indian Administrative Service (IAS) or the Indian Foreign
Service (IFS) based on the results of an earlier Examination and continues to be a member of that Service
will not be eligible to appear at the Civil Services Examination-2026. In case such a candidate is appointed
to the IAS or IFS after the Civil Services (Preliminary) Examination-2026 is over and the candidate continues
to be a member of that Service, the candidate shall not be eligible to appear in the Civil Services (Main)
Examination-2026 notwithstanding having qualified in the Civil Services (Preliminary) Examination-2026.
If such a candidate is appointed to the IAS or IFS after the commencement of the Civil Services (Main)
Examination-2026 but before the result thereof is declared by the Commission and continues to be a
member of that Service, the candidate shall not be considered for appointment to any Service/Post on the
basis of the result of the CSE-2026.

(2) A candidate who has been selected or appointed to the Indian Police Service on the basis of the
results of the earlier examination shall not be eligible to opt for or allocated to Indian Police Service on the
basis of the result of CSE- 2026.

(3) A candidate allocated to Indian Police Service or a Central Service Group 'A' on the basis of result
of the CSE-2026, will have the option to appear in immediate subsequent CSE-2027, if otherwise eligible,
subject to following restrictions:

(a) Such a candidate shall be eligible to appear for the CSE-2027 if he/she is granted exemption from
training for the service allocated to him/her on the basis of CSE-2026 from the Authority concerned.
He/she will be eligible for grant of one-time exemption only from joining the training in order to enable
him/her to appear in CSE- 2027.

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(b) The selected candidate shall join the training in Foundation Course (FC) only.

(c) However, if such a candidate neither joins the training for the service allocated on the basis of CSE-
2026 nor takes exemption from joining training, his/her allocation of service on the basis of CSE-2026
shall stand cancelled.

(d) If he/she is finally recommended on the basis of CSE-2027, he/she can accept the service allocated
either on the basis of CSE-2026 or CSE-2027 and will join the training scheduled for CSE-2027.
His/her allocation to the service other than the one opted shall stand cancelled at this stage. In case
he/she is not allocated to any service on the basis of CSE-2027 then he/she can join the service allocated
through CSE-2026.

(e) However, if he/she doesn’t join training for service allocated on the basis of CSE-2026 or CSE-
2027, his/her allocation to both the services shall stand cancelled.

(f) The seniority of such candidates will be decided according to his/her joining the service allocated
on the basis of CSE-2026 or CSE-2027 and the same shall not be depressed.

(g) However, he/she shall not be allowed to appear for CSE-2028 and any CSE thereafter, unless he/she
resigns from the allocated service.

(h) If the candidate is desirous of availing his/her remaining attempts to appear in any subsequent CSE,
if otherwise eligible, after availing such onetime exemption from joining training, he/she must not join
any service allocated to him/her on the basis of CSE-2026 or CSE-2027, as the case may be, and the
said Service Allocation shall stand cancelled automatically.

(i) In respect of a candidate who has been allocated to any service based on CSE-2025 or earlier years,
he/she will be given a one-time opportunity to appear in either CSE-2026 or CSE-2027, as per his/her
choice to enable him/her to utilize his/her remaining attempt, subject to fulfilling other eligibility
criteria, without the need to resign from service. However, such candidates desirous of appearing in
CSE-2028 or beyond, he/she shall have to resign from his/her allocated service.

(VI) Medical and Physical Standards: Candidates must be physically fit according to physical standards
for admission to Civil Services Examination, 2026 as per guidelines given in Appendix-III of Rules for
Examination published in the Gazette of India Extraordinary dated 04 th February, 2026.

4. FEE: All the candidates (Except Female/SC/ST/Persons with Benchmark Disability Candidates
who are exempted from payment of fee) are required to pay fee of Rs. 100/- (Rupees One Hundred only) by
using Net Banking facility of any bank or by using Visa/Master/RuPay/Credit/Debit Card/UPI Payment for
appearing in Civil Services (Preliminary) Examination, 2026 and Candidates admitted to the Civil Services
(Main) Examination, 2026 will be required to pay a further fee of Rs. 200/- (Rupees Two hundred only)
(Except exempted category i.e. SC/ST/PwBD/Women) through a window of 10 (Ten) days to be provided
after declaration of Result of Civil Services (Preliminary) Examination.

Note I: Candidates should note that payment of examination fee can be made only through
the modes prescribed above. Payment of fee through any other mode is neither valid nor
acceptable. Applications submitted without the prescribed fee/mode (unless remission of fee

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is claimed) shall be summarily rejected.

Note II: Persons with Benchmark Disability are exempted from the payment of fee provided they are
otherwise eligible for appointment to the Services/Posts to be filled on the results of this examination on
the basis of the standards of medical fitness for these Services/Posts (including any concessions specifically
extended to the Persons with Benchmark Disability). A candidate of Persons with Benchmark Disability
claiming fee concession will be required by the Commission to submit along with their Registration and
Online Application Form, a certified copy of the Certificate of Disability from a Government Hospital/Medical
Board in support of his/her claim for belonging to Persons with Benchmark Disability.

Note III: Notwithstanding, the aforesaid provision for fee exemption, a candidate of Persons with
Benchmark Disability will be considered to be eligible for appointment only if the candidate (after such
physical examination as the Government or the Appointing Authority, as the case may be, may prescribe)
is found to satisfy the requirements of physical and medical standards for the concerned Services/Posts to
be allocated to candidates of Persons with Benchmark Disability by the Government.

Note IV: Applications without the prescribed Fee (unless remission of Fee is claimed) shall be summarily
rejected.

Note V: Fee once paid shall not be refunded under any circumstances nor can the fee be held in reserve for
any other examination or selection.

Note-VI: If any candidate who took the Civil Services Examination held in 2025 wishes to apply for
admission to this examination, he/she must submit his/her application without waiting for the results or
an offer of appointment.

5. How to Apply:

(a) Candidates are required to apply online by using the website https://upsconline.nic.in.
Candidates are advised to go through the General instructions, Profile/Module wise instructions and
instructions for uploading of documents before proceeding to fill up the form. A candidate who is willing to
apply for Civil Services Examination shall be required to submit the requisite information and supporting
documents towards various claims, such as date of birth, educational qualification, etc as may be sought
by the Commission alongwith the Universal Registration Number (URN), Common Application Form (CAF)
and the fourth module i.e. Examination Specific module (including fees and centre etc.). Failure to provide
the required information/documents alongwith the Common Application Form (CAF) will entail cancellation
of candidature for the examination.

NOTE 1:- The Commission provides a one-time facility for candidates to update or modify their Universal
Registration Number (URN) profile. Please note that any changes made to the URN Profile will not be
reflected in applications already submitted. The updated information will apply only to applications
submitted after the candidate has made the necessary changes and successfully re-locked the URN Profile.

NOTE 2- Live Photo Capture for filling up of Common Application Form (CAF):
Applicants are required to upload their photograph and also capture their live photograph while filling up

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the Common Application Form (CAF). Applicants must ensure that the uploaded photograph and the live
photograph captured is clear as per instructions given on “Instructions and FAQs > Instruction for filling
the form > Photos and Signature” available on the Commission’s website https://upsconline.nic.in.

NOTE 3- Uploading of Signature
Applicants are required to sign three times (one below the other) on a plain white paper using a
black ink and upload the same while filling up the Common Application Form (CAF). The uploaded
signatures should be clear and legible. The Candidates are advised to refer to the instruction for uploading
the signature available under “Instructions and FAQs” on the website of the Commission with the URL:
https://upsconline.nic.in.”

NOTE 4 - The candidates will not be allowed to withdraw their applications after the submission of the
same. Further no correction /alteration/modification in any field(s) of the Application Form is allowed after
submission.

(b) All candidates, whether already in Government Service, Government owned industrial undertakings
or other similar organizations or in private employment should submit their applications direct to the
Commission.
Persons already in Government Service, whether in a permanent or temporary capacity or as work
charged employees other than casual or daily rated employees or those serving under the Public Enterprises
are however, required to submit an undertaking that they have informed in writing to their Head of
Office/Department that they have applied for the Examination. Candidates should note that in case a
communication is received from their employer by the Commission withholding permission to the candidates
applying for/appearing at the examination, their application will be liable to be rejected/candidature will be
liable to be cancelled.

NOTE 1: The Persons with Benchmark Disabilities in the categories of blindness, locomotor disability (both
arm affected – BA) and cerebral palsy will be provided the facility of scribe, if desired by the person. In case
of other category of Persons with Benchmark Disabilities as defined under section 2(r) of the RPWD Act,
2016, the facility of scribe will be allowed to such candidates on production of a certificate to the effect that
the person concerned has physical limitation to write, and scribe is essential to write examination on his/her
behalf, from the Chief Medical Officer/ Civil Surgeon/ Medical Superintendent of a Government Health Care
institution as per proforma at Appendix- V. The candidates have discretion of opting for his/her own scribe
or request the Commission for the same. The details of scribe i.e. whether own or the Commission’s and
the details of scribe in case candidates are bringing their own scribe, will be sought at the time of filling up
the application form online. Suitable provisions in Common Application Form have been made.

NOTE 2: The qualification of the Commission’s scribe as well as own scribe will not be more than the
minimum qualification criteria of the examination. However, the qualification of the scribe should always
be matriculate or above.
NOTE 3: The Persons with Benchmark Disabilities in the category of blindness, locomotor disability (both
arm affected – BA) and cerebral palsy will be allowed Compensatory Time of twenty minutes per hour of the
examination. In case of other categories of Persons with Benchmark Disabilities, this facility will be provided
on production of a certificate to the effect that the person concerned has physical limitation to write from
the Chief Medical Officer/ Civil Surgeon/ Medical Superintendent of a Government Health Care institution
as per proforma at Appendix - V.

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NOTE 4: Candidates applying for Civil Services Examination, 2026 will be required to indicate information
such as (a) detail of Centres for Civil Services (Main) Examination and Indian Forest Service (Main)
Examination (b) Optional subject to be selected for the examination, (c) Medium of examination for Civil
Services (Main) Examination, (d) Medium of Examination for Optional Subject if he/she chooses any Indian
Language as the Medium of Examination for Civil Services (Main) Examination and (e) compulsory Indian
Language for Civil Services (Main) Examination at the time of the filling up Exam Specific Form itself. No
request for changes in these details once Exam Specific Form is submitted shall be entertained by the
Commission.

The candidates applying for the Civil Services Examination should ensure that they fulfil all the
eligibility conditions for admission to the Examination. Their admission at all the stages of Examination for
which they are admitted by the Commission viz. Civil Services (Preliminary) Examination, Civil Services
(Main) Examination – either Written or the Interview/Personality Test – will be purely provisional, subject
to their satisfying the prescribed eligibility conditions. If on verification at any time before or after the
Preliminary Examination, Main Examination (Written) and Interview/Personality Test, it is found that they
do not fulfil any of the eligibility conditions, their candidature for the Examination will be cancelled by the
Commission. The decision of the Commission as to the eligibility or otherwise of a candidate for admission
to the Examination shall be final.
If any of their claims is found to be incorrect, they may render themselves liable to disciplinary action
by the Commission in terms of Rule 19 of the Rules for the Civil Services Examination, 2026 reproduced
below:
(1) A candidate who is or has been declared by the Commission to be guilty of:-
(a) Obtaining support for candidature by the following means, namely:-
(i) offering illegal gratification to; or
(ii) applying pressure on; or
(iii) blackmailing, or threatening to blackmail any person connected with the conduct of
the examination; or
(b) impersonation; or
(c) procuring impersonation by any person; or
(d) submitting fabricated/incorrect documents or documents which have been tampered with;
or
(e) uploading irrelevant or incorrect photo/signature in the application form in place of actual
photo/signature; or
(f) making statements which are incorrect or false or suppressing material information; or
(g) resorting to the following means in connection with the candidature for the examination,
namely:-
(i) obtaining copy of question paper through improper means; or
(ii) finding out the particulars of the persons connected with secret work relating to the
examination; or
(iii) influencing the examiners; or
(h) being in possession of or using unfair means during the examination; or
(i) writing obscene matter or drawing obscene sketches or irrelevant matter in the scripts; or
(j) misbehaving in the examination hall including tearing of the scripts, provoking fellow
examinees to boycott examination, creating a disorderly scene and the like; or
(k) harassing, threatening or doing bodily harm to the staff employed by the Commission for the

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conduct of the examination; or
(l) being in possession of or using any mobile phone, (even in switched-off mode), pager or any
electronic equipment or programmable device or storage media like pen drive, smart watches
etc. or camera or Bluetooth devices or any other equipment or related accessories (either in
working or switched-off mode) capable of being used as a communication device during the
examination; or
(m) violating any of the instructions issued to candidates along with their e-Admit Cards
permitting them to take the examination; or
(n) attempting to commit or, as the case may be, abetting the commission of all or any of the
acts specified in the foregoing clauses;

In addition to being liable to criminal prosecution, shall be disqualified by the Commission
from the Examination held under these Rules; and/or shall be liable to be debarred either
permanently or for a specified period:-

(i) by the Commission, from any examination or selection held by them;
(ii) by the central government from any employment under them;

and shall be liable to face disciplinary action under the appropriate rules if already in service under
Government;

Provided that no penalty under this rule shall be imposed except after:-
(i) giving the candidate an opportunity of making such representation in writing as the
candidate may wish to make in that behalf; and
(ii) taking the representation, if any, submitted by the candidate within the period allowed
for this purpose, into consideration.

(2) Any person who is found by the Commission to be guilty of colluding with a candidate(s) in
committing or abetting the commission of any of the misdeeds listed at the clauses (a) to (m) above will be
liable to action in terms of the clause (n) above.

Note: “If a candidate is found to be in possession or using unfair means, may not be allowed to continue in
the said exam as soon as the incident comes to notice of the Examination functionaries and the action
against the candidates may be taken in consultation with the Commission. Further, the candidate may also
notbe allowed in any of the subsequent papers of the said examination.”

6. LAST DATE FOR ONLINE SUBMISSION OF APPLICATIONS:

The Online Applications can be filled upto 24.02.2026 till 6:00 P.M. after which the link will be
disabled. Detailed instructions regarding filling up of application online is available at Appendix-II.

7. CORRESPONDENCE WITH THE COMMISSION:

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The Commission will not enter into any correspondence with the candidates about their candidature
except in the following cases:

(i) The eligible candidates will be issued an e-Admit Card on the last working day of the preceding week
of the date of examination. Further, those candidates, who have opted for change of Scribe upto seven
(07) days prior to the date of the examination, shall be issued e-Admit Card three (03) days prior to
the date of examination. The e-Admit Card will be made available on the UPSC website
[https://upsconline.nic.in] for downloading by candidates. No Admit Card will be sent by post or Email. If
a candidate does not receive his e-Admit Card or any other communication regarding his/her candidature
for the examination on the last working day of the preceding week of the date of examination, he/she should
at once contact the Commission. Information in this regard can also be obtained from the Facilitation
Counter located in the Commission’s Office either in person or over phone via Helpdesk no. 011-24041001.
In case no communication is received in the Commission's Office from the candidate regarding non-receipt
of his/her e-Admit Card at least three days before the commencement of the examination, he/she
himself/herself will be solely responsible for non-receipt of his/her e- Admit Card. No candidate will
ordinarily be allowed to take the examination unless he/she holds an e-Admit Card for the examination. On
downloading of e-Admit Card, the candidates are requested to check it carefully and bring
discrepancies/errors, if any, to the notice of UPSC immediately.
The candidates should note that their admission to the examination will be purely provisional based
on the information given by them in the Application Form. This will be subject to verification of all the
eligibility conditions by the UPSC.
The mere fact that an e-Admit Card to the Examination has been issued to a candidate, will not
imply that his/her candidature has been finally cleared by the Commission or that entries made by the
candidate in his/her Universal Registration Number (URN) Profile, Common Application Form and Exam
Specific Form for the Civil Services Examination have been accepted by the Commission as true and correct.
Candidates may note that the Commission takes up the verification of eligibility conditions of a candidate,
with reference to original documents, only after the candidate has qualified for Interview/Personality Test.
Unless candidature is formally confirmed by the Commission, it continues to be provisional.
The decision of the Commission as to the eligibility or otherwise of a candidate for admission to the
Examination shall be final.
Candidates should note that the name in the Admit Card in some cases, may be abbreviated due to
technical reasons.
(ii) In the event of a candidate downloading more than one Admit Card from the Commission's website,
he/she should use only one of these Admit Card for appearing in the examination.
(iii) Candidates are informed that as the Preliminary Examination is only a screening test, no marks
sheets will be supplied to successful or unsuccessful candidates and no correspondence will be entertained
by the Commission, in this regard.
(iv) Candidates must ensure that their emails IDs given in their online application are valid and active.
Important: All communications to the Commission should invariably contain the following particulars.
1. Name and year of the examination.
2 URN (Universal Registration Number)
3. Application Number
4. Roll Number (if received)
5. Name of candidate (in full and in block letters)
6. Complete postal address as given in the application.
7. Valid and Active registered E-mail ID and registered Mobile Number.

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N.B. I. Communication not containing the above particulars may not be attended to.
N.B. II. Candidates should also note down their Universal Registration Number for future reference. They
may be required to indicate the same in connection with their candidature for the Civil Services (Main)
Examination.

8. Reservation against vacancies for Persons with Benchmark Disability:
The eligibility for availing reservation against the vacancies reserved for the Persons with Benchmark
Disabilities shall be the same as prescribed in “The Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016 (RPwD Act,
2016)”. The candidates of Multiple Disabilities will be eligible for reservation under category (e)-Multiple
Disabilities only of Section 34(1) of RPwD Act, 2016 and shall not be eligible for reservation under any other
categories of disabilities i.e. (a) to (d) of Section 34(1) of RPwD Act, 2016 on account of having 40% and
above in any of these sub-categories of PwBD.

Provided further that the candidates from Persons with Benchmark Disability category shall also
be required to meet special eligibility criteria in terms of ‘Suitable Category of Benchmark Disabilities’ and
‘Functional Requirements’ [erstwhile Functional Classification and Physical Requirements
(abilities/disabilities) (FC&PR)] consistent with requirements of the identified Service/post as may be
prescribed bythe Government.

Note-I:The details of ‘Suitable Category of Benchmark Disabilities’ and ‘Functional Requirements’ of
Services participating in CSE-2026 are indicated in Appendix-IV of the Rules which are identified and
prescribed by the Government as per the provisions of Section 33 and 34 of the Rights of Persons with
Disabilities Act, 2016.

Note-II: Persons with Benchmark Disability with only those category(ies) of disability(ies) mentioned in Para-
1 of this Examination Notice shall be eligible to apply for the Examination under PwBD category. Therefore,
candidates concerned are advised to read it carefully before applying appropriately for admission to the
Examination.

Note-III: Candidates belonging to Persons with Benchmark Disability category are likely to have been
previously tested and in possession of related medical certificates even before applying for admission to the
Examination. However, it is to be noted clearly that the prescribed Medical Examination as per these Rules,
also including that for benchmark disability category(ies), shall be mandatory and only the results of the
prescribed Medical Examination shall be deemed valid for assessing whether a PwBD category candidate
meets the requirements to be appointed.

9. Eligibility for Availing Reservation:
(1) A candidate will be eligible to get the benefit of community reservation only in case the particular
caste to which the candidate belongs is included in the list of reserved communities issued by the
Central Government.

(2) The OBC candidates applying for CSE-2026 must produce OBC (Non-Creamy Layer) certificate
based on the income for the Financial Year (FY) 2022-2023, 2023-2024 and 2024-2025 and issued

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on/after 01.04.2025 (after the completion of FY 2024-25) but not later than the closing date of the
submission of Application Form for Civil Services Examination- 2026 i.e. 24 th February, 2026.

(3) A candidate will be eligible to get the benefit of the Economically Weaker Section reservation only
in case the candidate meets the criteria issued by the Central Government and is in possession of
requisite Income & Asset Certificate based on income for Financial Year (FY) 2024-2025 and issued
on/after 01.04.2025 (after the completion of FY 2024-2025) but not later than the closing date of the
submission of Application Form for Civil Services Examination- 2026 i.e. 24 th February, 2026.

10. Candidates seeking reservation/relaxation benefits available for SC/ST/OBC/EWS/PwBD/Ex-
servicemen must ensure that they are entitled to such reservation/relaxation as per eligibility prescribed in
the Rules/Notice. They should also be in possession of all the requisite certificates in the prescribed format
in support of their claim as stipulated in the Rules/Notice for such benefits by the closing dateof the
application Form of Civil Services Examination, 2026.

11. The closing date fixed for the receipt of the Application Form of Civil Services Examination- 2026 will
be treated as the date for determining the OBC status (including that of creamy layer) of the candidates.

12. Change of Category:

If the category indicated by a candidate in the Common Application Form for Civil Services Examination
is Unreserved category but the candidate subsequently writes to the Commission to change the category to
a reserved one, such request shall not be entertained by the Commission. Further, once a candidate has
chosen a reserved category, no request shall be entertained for change to other reserved category viz. SC to
ST, ST to SC, OBC to SC/ST or SC/ST to OBC, SC to EWS, EWS to SC, ST to EWS, EWS to ST, OBC to
EWS, EWS to OBC. No Reserved category candidates other than those who qualified each stage of the
Examination on General standard, shall be allowed to change (on their request or as decided by the
Commission/Government based on the documents submitted by them) their category from reserved to
unreserved or claim the vacancies (Service/Cadre) for unreserved category after the declaration of final
result by UPSC. In cases where such candidates do not qualify on General Standard, their candidature shall
be cancelled. Further, no candidate belonging to any sub-category of Persons with Benchmark Disabilities
(PwBD) shall be allowed to change the sub-category of disability.

While the above principle will be followed in general, there may be a few cases where there was a gap
of not more than 3 months between the issuance of a Government Notification enlisting a particular
community in the list of any of the reserved communities and the date of submission of the application by
the candidate. In such cases, the request of change of category from Unreserved to Reserved may be
considered by the Commission on merit.

In case of a candidate becoming a Candidate belonging to Person with Benchmark Disability during
the course of the examination process, the candidate must produce valid document of acquiring a disability
to the extent of 40% or more as defined under the RPwD Act, 2016 to consider drawing the benefits of
reservation as available to the Persons with Benchmark Disability (PwBD) category.

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13. Withdrawal of applications: The candidates will not be allowed to withdraw their applications after
the submission of the same.

Himanshu Kumar
JOINT SECRETARY
UNION PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION

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APPENDIX I
SECTION I: PLAN OF EXAMINATION

The Civil Services Examination comprises two successive stages:

(i) Civil Services (Preliminary) Examination (Objective Type) for the selection of candidates for Civil
Services (Main) Examination; and
(ii) Civil Services (Main) Examination (Written and Interview/Personality Test) for the selection of
candidates for the various Services and posts.

2. The Civil Services (Preliminary) Examination will consist of two papers of Objective type (multiple
choice questions) and carry a maximum of 400 marks in the subjects set out in sub-section (A) of Section
II. This examination is meant to serve as a screening test only; the marks obtained in the Civil Services
(Preliminary) Examination by the candidates who are declared qualified for admission to the Civil Services
(Main) Examination will not be counted for determining their final order of merit. The number of candidates
to be admitted to the Civil Services (Main) Examination will be about twelve to thirteen times the total
approximate number of vacancies to be filled in the year through this Examination. Only those candidates
who are declared by the Commission to have qualified in the Civil Services (Preliminary) Examination in the
year will be eligible for admission to the Civil Services (Main) Examination of that year provided they are
otherwise eligible for admission to the Civil Services (Main) Examination.

Note I:The Commission will draw a list of candidates to be qualified for Civil Services (Main) Examination
based on the criterion of minimum qualifying marks of 33% in General Studies Paper-II of Civil Services
(Preliminary) Examination and total qualifying marks of General Studies Paper-I of Civil Services
(Preliminary) Examination as may be determined by the Commission.

Note II:There will be negative marking for incorrect answers as detailed below:
(i) There are four alternatives for the answers to every question. For each question for which a wrong
answer has been given by the candidate, one-third (0.33) of the marks assigned to that question will
be deducted as penalty.
(ii) If a candidate gives more than one answer, it will be treated as a wrong answer even if one of the
given answers happen to be correct and there will be same penalty as above for that question.
(iii) If a question is left blank i.e. no answer is given by the candidate, there will be no penalty for that
question.

3. The Civil Services (Main) Examination will consist of a Written Examination and an
Interview/Personality Test. The Written Examination will consist of 9 papers of conventional essay type in
the subjects set out in sub-section (B) of Section-II out of which two papers will be of qualifying in nature.
[Also see Note (ii) under Para-I of Section II-(B)]. Marks obtained for all the compulsory papers (Paper-I to
Paper-VII) and Marks obtained in Interview/Personality Test will be counted for ranking.

4.1 Candidates who obtain such minimum qualifying marks in the written part of the Civil Services (Main)
Examination as may be fixed by the Commission at their discretion, shall be summoned by them for an
Interview/Personality Test, vide sub-section (C) of Section-II. The number of candidates to be summoned
for Interview/Personality Test will be about twice of the number of vacancies to be filled. The
Interview/Personality Test will carry 275 marks (with no minimum qualifying marks).

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4.2 Marks thus obtained by the candidates in the Civil Services (Main) Examination (Written part as well
as Interview/Personality Test) would determine their final ranking. Candidates will be allotted to the various
Services keeping in view their ranks in the examination and the preferences expressed by them for the
various Services and posts.

4.3 Tie Breaking Principle:
(i) If the marks in aggregate (Final Marks) are equal, the Candidate securing more marks in the Compulsory
(Common) Papers of written examination (“Paper-I : Essay”, Paper-II : GS-I”, “Paper-III : GS-II”, “Paper-IV :
GS-III”, “Paper-V : GS-IV”) and the Personality Test put together will be ranked higher;

(ii) If the marks at (i) above are equal, then the candidate securing more marks in the Compulsory (Common)
Papers of written examination (“Paper-I : Essay”, “Paper-II : GS-I”, “Paper-III : GS-II”, “Paper-IV : GS-III :,
“Paper-V : GS-IV” put together) will be ranked higher;

(iii) If the marks at (i) & (ii) above are also equal, the candidate Senior in age will be ranked higher; and

(iv) In cases where a tie persists even after applying the above tie breaking principles, it will be resolved at
the discretion of the Commission.

SECTION II: Scheme and Subjects for the Preliminary and Main Examination

A. PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION:
The Examination shall comprise of two compulsory Papers of 200 marks each.
Note:
(i) Both the question papers will be of the objective type (multiple choice questions) and each will be of
two hours duration.
(ii) The General Studies Paper-II of the Civil Services (Preliminary) Examination will be a qualifying paper
with minimum qualifying marks fixed at 33%.
(iii) The question papers will be set both in Hindi and English.
(iv) Details of the syllabi are indicated in Part A of Section III.

B. MAIN EXAMINATION:
The Written Examination will consist of the following papers:—

Qualifying Papers:
Paper-A
(One of the Indian Language to be selected by the candidate from the Languages included in the
Eighth Schedule to the Constitution). 300 Marks
Paper-B
English 300 Marks

Papers to be counted for merit:
Paper-I
Essay 250 Marks
Paper-II

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General Studies-I 250 Marks
(Indian Heritage and Culture, History and Geography of the World and Society)
Paper-III
General Studies -II 250 Marks
(Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice and International relations)
Paper-IV
General Studies -III 250 Marks
(Technology, Economic Development, Bio-diversity, Environment, Security and Disaster Management)
Paper-V
General Studies -IV 250 Marks
(Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude)
Paper-VI
Optional Subject - Paper 1 250 Marks
Paper-VII
Optional Subject - Paper 2 250 Marks
Sub Total (Written test) 1750 Marks
Personality Test 275 Marks
=====================================================================================
Grand Total 2025 Marks

Candidates may choose any one of the optional subjects from amongst the list of subjects given in
para 2 below:—
Note:
(i) The papers on Indian languages and English (Paper A and paper B) will be of Matriculation or equivalent
standard and will be of qualifying nature. The marks obtained in these papers will not be counted for
ranking.
(ii) Evaluation of the papers, namely, 'Essay', 'General Studies' and Optional Subject of all the candidates
would be done simultaneously along with evaluation of their qualifying papers on ‘Indian Languages’ and
‘English’ but the papers on Essay, General Studies and Optional Subject of only such candidates will be
taken cognizance who attain 25% marks in ‘Indian Language’ and 25% in English as minimum qualifying
standards in these qualifying papers.
(iii) The paper A on Indian Language will not, however, be compulsory for candidates hailing from the States
of Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland and Sikkim.
(iv) The paper A on Indian Language will not, however, be compulsory for Candidates belonging to Persons
with Benchmark Disability (only Hearing Impairment sub-category) provided that they have been granted
such exemption from 2nd or 3rd language courses by the concerned education Board/University. The
candidate needs to provide an undertaking/self declaration in this regard in order to claim such an
exemption to the Commission.
(v) Marks obtained by the candidates for the Paper I-VII only will be counted for merit ranking. However,
the Commission will have the discretion to fix qualifying marks in any or all of these papers.
(vi) For the Language medium/literature of languages, the scripts to be used by the candidates will be as
under:—
Language Script
Assamese Assamese

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Bengali Bengali
Gujarati Gujarati
Hindi Devanagari
Kannada Kannada
Kashmiri Persian
Konkani Devanagari
Malayalam Malayalam
Manipuri Bengali or Meitei Mayek
Marathi Devanagari
Nepali Devanagari
Odia Odia
Punjabi Gurumukhi
Sanskrit Devanagari
Sindhi Devanagari or Arabic
Tamil Tamil
Telugu Telugu
Urdu Persian
Bodo Devanagari
Dogri Devanagari
Maithili Devanagari
Santhali Devanagari or Olchiki
Note 1:For Santhali language, question paper will be printed in Devanagari script; but candidates will be
free to answer either in Devanagari script or in Olchiki.
Note 2: For Manipuri Language, question paper will be printed in Bengali Script; but candidates will be free
to answer either in Bengali Script or in Meitei Mayek Script.

2. List of optional subjects for Main Examination:
(i) Agriculture
(ii) Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science
(iii) Anthropology
(iv) Botany
(v) Chemistry
(vi) Civil Engineering
(vii) Commerce and Accountancy
(viii) Economics
(ix) Electrical Engineering
(x) Geography
(xi) Geology
(xii) History
(xiii) Law
(xiv) Management
(xv) Mathematics
(xvi) Mechanical Engineering
(xvii) Medical Science
(xviii) Philosophy
(xix) Physics

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(xx) Political Science and International Relations
(xxi) Psychology
(xxii) Public Administration
(xxiii) Sociology
(xxiv) Statistics
(xxv)Zoology
(xxvi) Literature of any one of the following languages:
Assamese, Bengali, Bodo, Dogri, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Maithili, Malayalam,
Manipuri, Marathi, Nepali, Odia, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Santhali, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu and English.

Note:
(i) The question papers for the examination will be of conventional (essay) type.
(ii) Each paper will be of three hours duration.
(iii) Candidates will have the option to answer all the question papers, except the Qualifying Language
Papers, Paper-A and Paper-B, in any one of the languages included in the Eighth Schedule to the
Constitution of India or in English. Notwithstanding this, the Candidate will have the choice to write
the Optional Papers in English also if candidates opt to write Paper I-V except the Qualifying
Language Papers, Paper-A and Paper-B, in any one of the language included in the Eighth Schedule
to the Constitution of India.
(iv) Candidates exercising the option to answer Papers in any one of the languages included in the Eight
Schedule to the Constitution of India mentioned above may, if they so desire, give English version
within brackets of only the description of the technical terms, if any, in addition to the version in the
language opted by them. Candidates should, however, note that if they misuse the above rule, a
deduction will be made on this account from the total marks otherwise accruing to them and in
extreme cases; their script(s) will not be valued for being in an unauthorized medium.
(v) Candidates should note that if any irrelevant matter/signages/marks etc. are found written in the
answer script(s), which would not be related to any question/answer and/or would be having the
potential to disclose the candidate’s identity, the Commission will impose a penalty of deduction of
marks from the total marks otherwise accruing to the candidate or will not evaluate the said script(s)
on this account.
(vi) The question papers (other than the literature of language papers) will be set in Hindi and English
only.
(vii) The details of the syllabi are set out in Part B of Section III.

General Instructions (Preliminary as well as Main Examination):
(i) Candidates must write the papers in their own hand. In no circumstances will they be allowed the
help of a scribe to write the answers for them. However, The Persons with Benchmark Disabilities in the
categories of blindness, locomotor disability (both arm affected – BA) and cerebral palsy will be eligible for
the facility of scribe. In case of other category of Persons with Benchmark Disabilities as defined under
section 2 (r) of the RPWD Act, 2016, such candidates will be eligible for the facility of scribe on production
of a certificate to the effect that the person concerned has physical limitation to write, and scribe is essential
to write examination on behalf, from the Chief Medical Officer/Civil Surgeon/Medical Superintendent of a
Government Health Care institution as per proforma at Appendix-V.

Further, for persons with specified disabilities covered under the definition of Section 2(s) of the
RPwD Act, 2016 but not covered under the definition of Section 2(r) of the said Act, i.e. persons having less

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than 40% disability and having difficulty in writing will be eligible for the facility of scribe subject to
production of a certificate to the effect that person concerned has limitation to write and that scribe is
essential to write examination on his/her behalf from the competent medical authority of a Government
healthcare institution as per proforma at Appendix-VII.

(ii) The candidates have discretion of opting for their own scribe or request the Commission for the
same. The details of scribe i.e. whether own or the Commission’s and the details of scribe in case candidates
are bringing their own scribe, will be sought at the time of filling up the application form online as per
proforma at Appendix-VI (for Candidates having 40% disability or more) and Appendix-VIII (for Candidates
having less than 40% disability and having difficulty in writing).

(iii) The qualification of the Commission’s scribe as well as own scribe will not be more than the minimum
qualification criteria of the examination. However, the qualification of the scribe should always be
matriculate or above.

(iv) The Persons with Benchmark Disabilities in the category of blindness, locomotor disability (both arms
affected-BA) and cerebral palsy will be eligible for Compensatory Time of twenty minutes per hour of the
examination. In case of other categories of Persons with Benchmark Disabilities, such candidates will be
eligible for this facility on production of a certificate to the effect that the person concerned has physical
limitation to write from the Chief Medical Officer/Civil Surgeon/Medical Superintendent of a Government
Health Care institution as per proforma at Appendix-V.

Further, for persons with specified disabilities covered under the definition of Section 2(s) of the
RPwD Act, 2016 but not covered under the definition of Section 2(r) of the said Act, i.e. persons having less
than 40% disability and having difficulty in writing will be eligible for compensatory time subject to
production of a certificate to the effect that person concerned has limitation to write from the competent
medical authority of a Government healthcare institution as per proforma at Appendix-VII.

(v) Facility of Scribe and/or Compensatory time to eligible candidates will be provided, if desired by them.

Note (1): The eligibility conditions of a scribe and the conduct of scribe inside the examination hall and the
manner in which and extent to which the scribe can help the eligible candidates (as defined above) in writing
the Civil Services Examination shall be governed by the instructions issued by the UPSC in this regard.
Violation of all or any of the said instructions shall entail the cancellation of the candidature of the candidate
in addition to any other action that the UPSC may take against the scribe.

Note (2): The criteria for determining the percentage of visual impairment shall be as follows:—
Better eye Worse eye Per Cent Disability category
Best Corrected Best Corrected Impairment
1 2 3 4
6/6 to 6/18 6/6 to 6/18 0% 0
6/24 to 6/60 10% 0
Less than 6/60 to 3/60 20% I
Less than 3/60 No Light 30% II (One eyed person)
Perception
6/24 to 6/60Or 6/24 to 6/60 40% III a (low vision)
Visual field less than 40 up to 20 Less than 6/60 to 3/60 50% III b (low vision)
degree around centre of fixation or Less than 3/60 to No Light 60% III c (low vision)
heminaopia involving macula Perception

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Less than 6/60 to 3/60Or Less than 6/60 to 3/60 70% III d (low vision)
Visual field less than 20 up to 10 Less than 3/60 to No Light 80% III e (low vision)
degree around centre of fixation Perception
Less than 3/60 to 1/60Or Less than 3/60 to No Light 90% IV a (Blindness)
Visual field less than 10 degree Perception
around centre of fixation
Only HMCF Only HMCF 100% IV b (Blindness)
Only Light Perception, Only Light Perception,
No Light perception No Light perception

Note (3): The concession admissible to blind candidates shall not be admissible to those suffering from
Myopia.
(i) The Commission have discretion to fix qualifying marks in any or all the subjects of the
examination.
(ii) If a candidate’s handwriting is not easily legible, a deduction will be made on this account from
the total marks otherwise accruing to the candidate.
(iii) Marks will not be allotted for mere superficial knowledge.
(iv) Credit will be given for orderly, effective and exact expression combined with due economy of
words in all subjects of the examination.
(v) In the question papers, wherever required, SI units will be used.
(vi) Candidates should use only International form of Indian numerals (i.e. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 etc.) while
answering question papers.
(vii) Candidates will be allowed the use of Scientific (Non-Programmable type) Calculators at the
conventional (Essay) type examination of UPSC. Programmable type calculators will however
not be allowed and the use of such calculators shall tantamount to resorting to unfair means
by the candidates. Loaning or interchanging of calculators in the Examination Hall is not
permitted. It is also important to note that candidates are not permitted to use calculators for
answering objective type papers (Test Booklets). They should not therefore bring the same inside
the Examination Hall.

C. Interview/Personality Test
The candidate will be interviewed by a Board who will have before them a record of the
candidate’s career. The candidate will be asked questions on matters of general interest. The object of the
Interview/Personality Test is to assess the personal suitability of the candidate for a career in public service
by a Board of competent and unbiased observers. The Interview/Personality Test is intended to judge the
mental calibre of a candidate. In broad terms this is really an assessment of not only intellectual qualities
but also social traits and interest in current affairs. Some of the qualities to be judged are mental alertness,
critical powers of assimilation, clear and logical exposition, balance of judgement, variety and depth of
interest, ability for social cohesion and leadership, intellectual and moral integrity.

2. The technique of the Interview/Personality Test is not that of a strict cross-examination but of a
natural, though directed and purposive conversation which is intended to reveal the mental qualities of the
candidate.

3. The Interview/Personality Test is not intended to be a test either of the specialized or general
knowledge of the candidates which has been already tested through their written papers. Candidates are
expected to have taken an intelligent interest not only in their special subjects of academic study but also
in the events which are happening around them both within and outside their own State or Country as well

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as in modern currents of thought and in new discoveries which should rouse the curiosity of well-educated
youth.

SECTION III: SYLLABI FOR THE EXAMINATION

Note: Candidates are advised to go through the Syllabus published in this Section for the Preliminary
Examination and the Main Examination, as periodic revision of syllabus has been done in several subjects.

Part A—Preliminary Examination

Paper I - (200 marks) Duration: Two hours

 Current events of national and international importance.
 History of India and Indian National Movement.
 Indian and World Geography-Physical, Social, Economic Geography of India and the World.
 Indian Polity and Governance-Constitution, Political System, Panchayati Raj, Public Policy, Rights
Issues, etc.
 Economic and Social Development-Sustainable Development, Poverty, Inclusion, Demographics, Social
Sector Initiatives, etc.
 General issues on Environmental ecology, Bio-diversity and Climate Change - that do not require
subject specialization.
 General Science.

Paper II-(200 marks) Duration: Two hours
 Comprehension;
 Interpersonal skills including communication skills;
 Logical reasoning and analytical ability;
 Decision making and problem solving;
 General mental ability;
 Basic numeracy (numbers and their relations, orders of magnitude, etc.) (Class X level), Data
interpretation (charts, graphs, tables, data sufficiency etc. — Class X level);
Note 1: Paper-II of the Civil Services (Preliminary) Examination will be a qualifying paper with
minimum qualifying marks fixed at 33%.
Note 2: The questions will be of multiple choice, objective type.

Note 3: It is mandatory for the candidate to appear in both the Papers of Civil Services (Preliminary)
Examination for the purpose of evaluation. Therefore a candidate will be disqualified in case he/she does
not appear in both the papers of Civil Services (Preliminary) Examination.

Part B—Main Examination

The main Examination is intended to assess the overall intellectual traits and depth of understanding
of candidates rather than merely the range of their information and memory.

The nature and standard of questions in the General Studies papers (Paper II to Paper V) will be such
that a well-educated person will be able to answer them without any specialized study. The questions will
be such as to test a candidate’s general awareness of a variety of subjects, which will have relevance for a

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career in Civil Services. The questions are likely to test the candidate’s basic understanding of all relevant
issues, and ability to analyze, and take a view on conflicting socio-economic goals, objectives and demands.
The candidates must give relevant, meaningful and succinct answers.

The scope of the syllabus for optional subject papers (Paper VI and Paper VII) for the examination is
broadly of the honours degree 1evel i.e. a level higher than the bachelors’ degree and lower than the masters’
degree. In the case of Engineering, Medical Science and law, the level corresponds to the bachelors’ degree.

Syllabi of the papers included in the scheme of Civil Services (Main) Examination are given as follows:—

QUALIFYING PAPERS ON INDIAN LANGUAGES AND ENGLISH

The aim of the paper is to test the candidates' ability to read and understand serious discursive prose,
and to express ideas clearly and correctly, in English and Indian language concerned.

The pattern of questions would be broadly as follows:

(i) Comprehension of given passages.

(ii) Precis Writing.

(iii) Usage and Vocabulary.

(iv) Short Essays.

Indian Languages:—

(i) comprehension of given passages.

(ii) Precis Writing.

(iii) Usage and Vocabulary.

(iv) Short Essays.

(v) Translation from English to the Indian Language and vice-versa.

Note 1:The papers on Indian Languages and English will be of Matriculation or equivalent standard and
will be of qualifying nature only. The marks obtained in these papers will not be counted for ranking.

Note 2:The candidates will have to answer the English and Indian Languages papers in English and the
respective Indian language (except where translation is involved).

PAPER-I

Essay: Candidates may be required to write essays on multiple topics. They will be expected to keep closely
to the subject of the essay to arrange their ideas in orderly fashion, and to write concisely. Credit will be
given for effective and exact expression.

PAPER-II

General Studies-I: Indian Heritage and Culture, History and Geography of the World and Society.

 Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, literature and Architecture from ancient to
modern times.

 Modern Indian history from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present- significant
events, personalities, issues.

 The Freedom Struggle — its various stages and important contributors/contributions from different

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parts of the country.

 Post-independence consolidation and reorganization within the country.

 History of the world will include events from 18th century such as industrial revolution, world wars,
redrawal of national boundaries, colonization, decolonization, political philosophies like communism,
capitalism, socialism etc.— their forms and effect on the society.

 Salient features of Indian Society, Diversity of India.

 Role of women and women’s organization, population and associated issues, poverty and
developmental issues, urbanization, their problems and their remedies.

 Effects of globalization on Indian society.

 Social empowerment, communalism, regionalism & secularism.

 Salient features of world’s physical geography.

 Distribution of key natural resources across the world (including South Asia and the Indian sub-
continent); factors responsible for the location of primary, secondary, and tertiary sector industries in
various parts of the world (including India).

 Important Geophysical phenomena such as earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic activity, cyclone etc.,
geographical features and their location-changes in critical geographical features (including water-bodies
and ice-caps) and in flora and fauna and the effects of such changes.

PAPER-III

General Studies- II: Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice and International relations.

 Indian Constitution—historical underpinnings, evolution, features, amendments, significant provisions
and basic structure.

 Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States, issues and challenges pertaining to the
federal structure, devolution of powers and finances up to local levels and challenges therein.

 Separation of powers between various organs dispute redressal mechanisms and institutions.

 Comparison of the Indian constitutional scheme with that of other countries.

 Parliament and State legislatures—structure, functioning, conduct of business, powers & privileges
and issues arising out of these.

 Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary—Ministries and
Departments of the Government; pressure groups and formal/informal associations and their role in the
Polity.

 Salient features of the Representation of People’s Act.

 Appointment to various Constitutional posts, powers, functions and responsibilities of various
Constitutional Bodies.

 Statutory, regulatory and various quasi-judicial bodies.

 Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of
their design and implementation.

 Development processes and the development industry —the role of NGOs, SHGs, various groups and

35

associations, donors, charities, institutional and other stakeholders.

 Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by the Centre and States and the
performance of these schemes; mechanisms, laws, institutions and Bodies constituted for the protection
and betterment of these vulnerable sections.

 Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health,
Education, Human Resources.

 Issues relating to poverty and hunger.

 Important aspects of governance, transparency and accountability, e-governance- applications, models,
successes, limitations, and potential; citizens charters, transparency & accountability and institutional
and other measures.

 Role of civil services in a democracy.

 India and its neighborhood- relations.

 Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s
interests.

 Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s interests, Indian
diaspora.

 Important International institutions, agencies and fora- their structure, mandate.

PAPER-IV

General Studies-III: Technology, Economic Development, Bio diversity, Environment, Security and
Disaster Management

 Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization, of resources, growth, development and
employment.

 Inclusive growth and issues arising from it.

 Government Budgeting.

 Major crops-cropping patterns in various parts of the country, - different types of irrigation and
irrigation systems storage, transport and marketing of agricultural produce and issues and related
constraints; e-technology in the aid of farmers.

 Issues related to direct and indirect farm subsidies and minimum support prices; Public Distribution
System- objectives, functioning, limitations, revamping; issues of buffer stocks and food security;
Technology missions; economics of animal-rearing.

 Food processing and related industries in India- scope’ and significance, location, upstream and
downstream requirements, supply chain management.

 Land reforms in India.

 Effects of liberalization on the economy, changes in industrial policy and their effects on industrial
growth.

 Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways etc.

 Investment models.

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 Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in everyday life.

 Achievements of Indians in science & technology; indigenization of technology and developing new
technology.

 Awareness in the fields of IT, Space, Computers, robotics, nano-technology, bio-technology and issues
relating to intellectual property rights.

 Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment.

 Disaster and disaster management.

 Linkages between development and spread of extremism.

 Role of external state and non-state actors in creating challenges to internal security.

 Challenges to internal security through communication networks, role of media and social networking
sites in internal security challenges, basics of cyber security; money-laundering and its prevention.

 Security challenges and their management in border areas - linkages of organized crime with terrorism.

 Various Security forces and agencies and their mandate.

PAPER-V

General Studies- IV: Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude

 This paper will include questions to test the candidates’ attitude and approach to issues relating to
integrity, probity in public life and his problem solving approach to various issues and conflicts faced by
him in dealing with society. Questions may utilise the case study approach to determine these aspects.
The following broad areas will be covered:

 Ethics and Human Interface: Essence, determinants and consequences of Ethics in-human actions;
dimensions of ethics; ethics - in private and public relationships. Human Values - lessons from the lives
and teachings of great leaders, reformers and administrators; role of family society and educational
institutions in inculcating values.

 Attitude: content, structure, function; its influence and relation with thought and behaviour; moral and
political attitudes; social influence and persuasion.

 Aptitude and foundational values for Civil Service, integrity, impartiality and non-partisanship,
objectivity, dedication to public service, empathy, tolerance and compassion towards the weaker-sections.

 Emotional intelligence-concepts, and their utilities and application in administration and governance.

 Contributions of moral thinkers and philosophers from India and world.

 Public/Civil service values and Ethics in Public administration: Status and problems; ethical concerns
and dilemmas in government and private institutions; laws, rules, regulations and conscience as sources
of ethical guidance; accountability and ethical governance; strengthening of ethical and moral values in
governance; ethical issues in international relations and funding; corporate governance.

 Probity in Governance: Concept of public service; Philosophical basis of governance and probity;
Information sharing and transparency in government, Right to Information, Codes of Ethics, Codes of
Conduct, Citizen’s Charters, Work culture, Quality of service delivery, Utilization of public funds,
challenges of corruption.

 Case Studies on above issues.

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PAPER-VI & PAPER VII

Optional Subject Papers I & II

Candidate may choose any optional subject from amongst the List of Optional Subjects given in Para 2.

AGRICULTURE

PAPER-I

Ecology and its relevance to man, natural resources, their sustainable management and
conservation. Physical and social environment as factors of crop distribution and production. Agro ecology;
cropping pattern as indicators of environments. Environmental pollution and associated hazards to crops,
animals and humans. Climate change—International conventions and global initiatives. Green house effect
and global warming. Advance tools for ecosystem analysis—Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic
Information Systems (GIS).

Cropping patterns in different agro-climatic zones of the country. Impact of high-yielding and short-
duration varieties on shifts in cropping patterns. Concepts of various cropping, and farming systems.
Organic and Precision farming. Package of practices for production of important cereals, pulses, oil seeds,
fibres, sugar, commercial and fodder crops.

Important features, and scope of various types of forestry plantations such as social forestry, agro-
forestry, and natural forests: Propagation of forest plants. Forest products. Agro-forestry and value addition.
Conservation of forest flora and fauna.

Weeds, their characteristics, dissemination and association with various crops; their multiplications;
cultural, biological, and chemical control of weeds.

Soil—physical, chemical and biological properties. Processes and factors of soil formation. soils of
India. Mineral and organic constituents of soils and their role in maintaining soil productivity. Essential
plant nutrients and other beneficial elements in soils and plants. Principles of soil fertility, soil testing and
fertiliser recommendations, integrated nutrient management Biofertilizers. Losses of nitrogen in soil,
nitrogen-use efficiency in submerged rice soils, nitrogen fixation in soils. Efficient phosphorus and
potassium use. Problem soils and their reclamation. Soil factors affecting green house gas emission.

Soil conservation, integrated watershed management. Soil erosion and its management. Dry land
agriculture and its problems. Technology for stabilising agriculture production in rain fed areas.

Water-use efficiency in relation to crop production, criteria for scheduling irrigations, ways and
means of reducing run-off losses of irrigation water. Rainwater harvesting. Drip and sprinkler irrigation.
Drainage of water-logged soils, quality of irrigation water, effect of industrial effluents on soil and water
pollution. Irrigation projects in India.

Farm management, scope, importance and characteristics, farm planning. Optimum resource use
and budgeting. Economics of different types of farming systems. Marketing management strategies for
development, market intelligence. price fluctuations and their cost; role of co-operatives in agricultural
economy; types and systems of farming and factors affecting them. Agricultural price policy. Crop Insurance.

Agricultural extension, its importance and role, methods of evaluation of extension programmes,
socio-economic survey and status of big, small and marginal farmers and landless agricultural labourers;
Training programmes for extension workers. Role of Krishi Vigyan Kendra’s (KVK) in dissemination of
Agricultural technologies. Non-Government Organisation (NGO) and self-help group approach for rural
development.

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PAPER-II

Cell structure, function and cell cycle. Synthesis, structure and function of genetic material. Laws
of heredity. Chromosome structure, chromosomal aberrations, linkage and cross-over, and their
significance in recombination breeding. Polyploidy, euploids and aneuploids. Mutation—and their role in
crop improvement. Heritability, sterility and incompatibility, classification and their application in crop
improvement. Cytoplasmic inheritance, sex-linked, sex-influenced and sex-limited characters.

History of plant breeding. Modes of reproduction, selfing and crossing techniques. Origin, evolution
and domestication of crop plants, center of origin, law of homologous series, crop genetic resources—
conservation and utilization. Application of principles of plant breeding, improvement of crop plants.
Molecular markers and their application in plant improvement. Pure-line selection, pedigree, mass and
recurrent selections, combining ability, its significance in plant breeding. Heterosis and its exploitation.
Somatic hybridization. Breeding for disease and pest resistance. Role of interspecific and intergeneric
hybridization. Role of genetic engineering and biotechnology in crop improvement Genetically modified crop
plants.

Seed production and processing technologies. Seed certification, Seed testing and storage. DNA
finger printing and seed registration. Role of public and private sectors in seed production, and marketing.
Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) issues, WTO issues and its impact on Agriculture.

Principles of Plant Physiology with reference to plant nutrition, absorption, translocation and
metabolism of nutrients. Soil-water-plant relationship.

Enzymes and plant pigments; photosynthesis—modern concepts and factors affecting the process,
aerobic and anaerobic respiration; C3, C4 and CAM mechanisms. Carbohydrate, protein and fat
metabolism. Growth and development; photoperiodism and vernalization. Plant growth substances and
their role in crop production. Physiology of seed development and germination; dormancy. Stress
physiology—draught, salt and water stress.

major fruits, plantation crops, vegetables, spices and flower crops. package practices of major
horticultural crops. Protected cultivation and high tech horticulture. Post-harvest technology and value
addition of fruits and vegetables. Landscaping and commercial floriculture. Medicinal and aromatic plants.
Role of fruits and vegetables in human nutrition.

Diagnosis of pests and diseases of field crops, vegetables, orchard and plantation crops and their
economic importance. Classification of pests and diseases and their management. Integrated pest and
diseases management. Storage pests and their management. Biological control of pests and diseases.
Epidemiology and forecasting of major crop pests and diseases. Plant quarantine measures. Pesticides, their
formulation and modes of action.

Food production and consumption trends in India. Food security and growing population—vision
2020. Reasons for grain surplus. National and International food policies. Production, procurement,
distribution constraints. Availability of foodgrains, per capita expenditure on food. Trends in poverty, Public
Distribution System and Below Poverty Line population, Targeted Public Distribution System (PDS), policy
implementation in context to globalization. Processing constraints. Relation of food production to National
Dietary Guidelines and food consumption pattern. Food based dietary approaches to eliminate hunger.
Nutrient deficiency—Micro nutrient deficiency: Protein Energy Malnutrition or Protein Calorie Malnutrition
(PEM or PCM), Micro nutrient deficiency and HRD in context of work capacity of women and children. Food
grain productivity and food security.

ANIMAL HUSBANDRY AND VETERINARY SCIENCE

39

PAPER-I

1. Animal Nutrition:

1.1 Partitioning of food energy within the animal. Direct and indirect calorimetry. Carbon—nitrogen
balance and comparative slaughter methods. Systems for expressing energy value of foods in
ruminants, pigs and poultry. Energy requirements for maintenance, growth, pregnancy, lactation,
egg, wool, and meat production.

1.2 Latest advances in protein nutrition. Energy protein inter-relationships. Evaluation of protein
quality. Use of NPN compounds in ruminant diets. Protein requirements for maintenance, growth,
pregnancy, lactation, egg, wool and meat production.

1.3 Major and trace minerals—Their sources, physiological functions and deficiency symptoms. Toxic
minerals. Mineral interactions. Role of fat soluble and water—soluble vitamins in the body, their
sources and deficiency symptoms.

1.4 Feed additives—methane inhibitors, probiotics, enzymes, antibiotics, hormones, oligosaccharides,
antioxidants, emulsifiers, mould inhibitors, buffers etc. Use and abuse of growth promoters like
hormones and antibiotics—latest concepts.

1.5 Conservation of fodders. Storage of feeds and feed ingredients. Recent advances in feed technology
and feed processing. Anti-nutritional and toxic factors present in livestock feeds. Feed analysis and
quality control. Digestibility trials—direct, indirect and indicator methods. Predicting feed intake in
grazing animals.

1.6 Advances in ruminant nutrition. Nutrient requirements. Balanced rations. Feeding of calves,
pregnant, work animals and breeding bulls. Strategies for feeding milch animals during different
stages of lactation cycle. Effect of feeding on milk composition. Feeding of goats for meat and milk
production. Feeding of sheep for meat and wool production.

1.7 Swine Nutrition. Nutrient requirements. Creep, starter, grower and finisher rations. Feeding of pigs
for lean meat production. Low cost rations for swine.

1.8 Poultry nutrition. Special features of poultry nutrition. Nutrient requirements for meat and egg
production. Formulation of rations for different classes of layers and broilers.

2. Animal Physiology:

2.1 Physiology of blood and its circulation, respiration; excretion. Endocrine glands in health and
disease.

2.2 Blood constituents.—Properties and functions-blood cell formation—Haemoglobin synthesis and
chemistry-plasma proteins production, classification and properties, coagulation of blood;
Haemorrhagic disorders—anti-coagulants—blood groups—Blood volume—Plasma expanders-Buffer
systems in blood. Biochemical tests and their significance in disease diagnosis.

2.3 Circulation.—Physiology of heart, cardiac cycle, heart sounds, heart beat, electrocardiograms. Work
and efficiency of heart—effect of ions on heart function-metabolism of cardiac muscle, nervous and
chemical regulation of heart, effect of temperature and stress on heart, blood pressure and
hypertension, osmotic regulation, arterial pulse, vasomotor regulation of circulation, shock.
Coronary and pulmonary circulation, Blood-Brain barrier Cerebrospinal fluid-circulation in birds.

2.4 Respiration.—Mechanism of respiration, Transport and exchange of gases-neural control of
respiration-Chemo-receptors-hypoxia-respiration in birds.

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2.5 Excretion.—Structure and function of kidney-formation of urine-methods of studying renal function-
renal regulation of acid-base balance: physiological constituents of urine-renal failure-passive
venous congestion-Urinary secretion in chicken-Sweat glands and their function. Bio-chemical test
for urinary dysfunction.

2.6 Endocrine glands.—Functional disorders—their symptoms and diagnosis. Synthesis of hormones,
mechanism and control of secretion—hormonal receptors-classification and function.

2.7 Growth and Animal Production.—Prenatal and postnatal growth, maturation, growth curves,
measures of growth, factors affecting growth, conformation, body composition, meat quality.

2.8 Physiology of Milk Production, Reproduction and Digestion.—Current status of hormonal control of
mammary development, milk secretion and milk ejection. Male and Female reproductive organs,
their components and functions. Digestive organs and their functions.

2.9 Environmental Physiology.—Physiological relations and their regulation; mechanisms of adaptation,
environmental factors and regulatory mechanisms involved in animal behaviour, climatology—
various parameters and their importance. Animal ecology. Physiology of behaviour. Effect of stress
on health and production.

3. Animal Reproduction:

Semen quality.—Preservation and Artificial Insemination—Components of semen, composition of
spermatozoa, chemical and physical properties of ejaculated semen, factors affecting semen in vivo and in
vitro. Factors affecting semen production and quality, preservation, composition of diluents, sperm
concentration, transport of diluted semen. Deep freezing techniques in cows, sheep, goats, swine and
poultry. Detection of oestrus and time of insemination for better conception. Anoestrus and repeat breeding.

4. Livestock Production and Management:

4.1 Commercial Dairy Farming.—Comparison of dairy farming in India with advanced countries.
Dairying under mixed farming and as specialized farming, economic dairy farming. Starting of a
dairy farm, Capital and land requirement, organization of the dairy farm. Opportunities in dairy
farming, factors determining the efficiency of dairy animal. Heard recording, budgeting cost of milk
production, pricing policy; Personnel Management. Developing Practical and Economic rations for
dairy cattle; supply of greens throughout the year, feed and fodder requirements of Dairy Farm.
Feeding regimes for young stock and bulls, heifers and breeding animals; new trends in feeding
young and adult stock; Feeding records.

4.2 Commercial meat, egg and wool production.—Development of practical and economic rations for
sheep, goats, pigs, rabbits and poultry. Supply of greens, fodder, feeding regimes for young and
mature stock. New trends in enhancing production and management. Capital and land requirements
and socio-economic concept.

4.3 Feeding and management of animals under drought, flood and other natural calamities.

5. Genetics and Animal Breeding:

5.1 History of animal genetics. Mitosis and Meiosis: Mendelian inheritance; deviations to Mendelian
genetics; Expression of genes; Linkage and crossing over; Sex determination, sex influenced and sex
limited characters; Blood groups and polymorphism; Chromosome aberrations; Cytoplasmic
inheritance, Gene and its structure; DNA as a genetic material; Genetic code and protein synthesis;
Recombinant DNA technology. Mutations, types of mutations, methods for detecting mutations and
mutation rate, Transgenesis.

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5.2 Population Genetics applied to Animal Breeding—Quantitative Vs. Qualitative traits; Hardy Weinberg
Law; Population Vs. Individual; Gene and genotypic frequency; Forces changing gene frequency;
Random drift and small populations; Theory of path coefficient; Inbreeding, methods of estimating
inbreeding coefficient, systems of inbreeding; Effective population size; Breeding value, estimation
of breeding value, dominance and epistatic deviation; Partitioning of variation; Genotype X
environment correlation and genotype X environment interaction; role of multiple measurements;
Resemblance between relatives.

5.3 Breeding Systems.—Breeds of livestock and Poultry. Heritability, repeatability and genetic and
phenotypic correlations, their methods of estimation and precision of estimates; Aids to selection
and their relative merits; Individual, pedigree, family and within family selection; Pregnancy testing;
Methods of selection; Construction of selection indices and their uses; Comparative evaluation of
genetic gains through various selection methods; Indirect selection and correlated response;
Inbreeding, out breeding, upgrading, cross-breeding and synthesis of breeds; Crossing of inbred
lines for commercial production; Selection for general and specific combining ability; Breeding for
threshold characters. Sire index.

6. Extension:

Basic philosophy, objectives, concept and principles of extension. Different Methods adopted to
educate farmers under rural conditions. Generation of technology, its transfer and feedback. Problems and
constraints in transfer of technology. Animal husbandry programmes for rural development.

PAPER-II

1. Anatomy, Pharmacology and Hygiene:

1.1 Histology and Histological Techniques : Paraffin embedding technique of tissue processing and
H.E. staining—Freezing microtomy—Microscopy Bright field microscope and electron microscope.
Cytology-structure of cell organells and inclusions; cell division-cell types—Tissues and their
classification-embryonic and adult tissues—Comparative histology of organs—Vascular, Nervous,
digestive, respiratory, musculo-skeletal and urogenital systems—Endocrine glands—Integuments—
sense organs.

1.2 Embryology.—Embryology of vertebrates with special reference to aves and domestic mammals
gametogenesis-fertilization-germ layers-foetal membranes and placentation-types of placenta in
domestic mammals-Teratology-twins and twinning-organogenesis-germ layer derivatives-
endodermal, mesodermal and ectodermal derivatives.

1.3 Bovine Anatomy.—Regional Anatomy : Paranasal sinuses of OX— surface anatomy of salivary
glands. Regional anatomy of infraorbital, maxillary, mandi-buloalveolar, mental and cornnal nerve
block. Regional anatomy of paravertebral nerves, pudental nerve, median, ulnar and radial
nervestibial, fibular and digital nerves—Cranial nerves-structures involved in epidural anaesthesia-
superficial lymph nodes-surface anatomy of visceral organs of thoracic, abdominal and pelvic
cavities-comparative-features of locomotor apparatus and their application in the biomechanics of
mammalian body.

1.4 Anatomy of Fowl.—Musculo-skeletal system-functional anatomy in relation to respiration and
flying, digestion and egg production.

1.5 pharmacology and therapeutics drugs.—Cellular level of pharmacodynamics and

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pharmacokinetics. Drugs acting on fluids and electrolyte balance. Drugs acting on Autonomic
nervous system. Modern concepts of anaesthesia and dissociative anaesthetics. Autocoids.
Antimicrobials and principles of chemotherapy in microbial infections. Use of hormones in
therapeutics—chemotherapy of parasitic infections. Drug and economic concerns in the Edible
tissues of animals—chemotherapy of Neoplastic diseases. Toxicity due to “insecticides, plants,
metals, non-metals, zootoxins and mycotoxins”.

1.6 Veterinary Hygiene with reference to water, air and habitation.—Assessment of pollution of
water, air and soil—Importance of climate in animal health—effect of environment on animal
function and performance relationship between industrialisation and animal agriculture—animal
housing requirements for specific categories of domestic animals viz. pregnant cows and sows,
milking cows, broiler birds—stress, strain and productivity in relation to animal habitation.

2. Animal Diseases :

2.1 Etiology, epidemiology pathogenesis, symptoms, post-mortem lesions, diagnosis, and control of
infectious diseases of cattle, sheep and goat, horses, pigs and poultry.

2.2 Etiology, epidemiology, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment of production diseases of cattle, horse, pig
and poultry.

2.3 Deficiency diseases of domestic animals and birds.

2.4 Diagnosis and treatment of non-specific conditions like impaction, Bloat, Diarrhoea, Indigestion,
dehydration, stroke, poisoning.

2.5 Diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders.

2.6 Principles and methods of immunisation of animals against specific diseases—herd
immunity—disease free zones—‘zero’ disease concept—chemoprophylaxis.

2.7 Anaesthesia.—local, regional and general-preanesthetic medication. Symptoms and surgical
interference in fractures and dislocation. Hernia, choking abomassal displacement—Caesarian
operations. Rumenotomy—Castrations.

2.8 Disease investigation techniques.—Materials for laboratory investigation—Establishment. Animal
Health Centres—Disease free zone.

3. Veterinary Public Health :

3.1 Zoonoses.—Classification, definition, role of animals and birds in prevalence and transmission of
zoonotic diseases—occupational zoonotic diseases.

3.2 Epidemiology.—Principle, definition of epidemiological terms, application of epidemiological
measures in the study of diseases and disease control. Epidemiological features of air, water and
food borne infections. OIE regulation, WTO, sanitary and phytosanitary measures.

3.3 Veterinary Jurisprudence.—Rules and Regulations for improvement of animal quality and
prevention of animal diseases—State and Central Rules for prevention of animal and animal product
borne diseases—S.P. C.A.—Veterolegal cases—Certificates—Materials and Methods of collection of
samples for veterolegal investigation.

4. Milk and Milk Products Technology :

4.1 Market Milk.—Quality, testing and grading of raw milk. Processing, packaging, storing, distribution,
marketing defects and their control. Preparation of the following milks : Pasteurized, standardized,

43

toned, double toned, sterilized, homogenized, reconstituted, recombined and flavoured milks.
Preparation of cultured milks, cultures and their management, yoghurt, Dahi, Lassi and Srikhand.
Preparation of flavoured and sterilized milks. Legal standards. Sanitation requirement for clean and
safe milk and for the milk plant equipment.

4.2 Milk Products Technology.—Selection of raw materials, processing, storing, distributing and
marketing milk products such as Cream, Butter, Ghee, Khoa, Channa, Cheese, condensed,
evaporated, dried milk and baby food, lce cream and Kulfi; by-products, whey products, butter milk,
lactose and casein. Testing, grading, judging milk products—BIS and Agmark specifications, legal
standards, quality control nutritive properties. Packaging processing and operational control.
Costing of dairy products.

5. Meat Hygiene and Technology :

5.1 Meat Hygiene

5.1.1 Ante mortem care and management of food animals, stunning, slaughter and dressing operations;
abattoir requirements and designs; Meat inspection procedures and judgement of carcass meat
cuts—grading of carcass meat cuts—duties and functions of Veterinarians in wholesome meat
production.

5.1.2 Hygienic methods of handling production of meat.—Spoilage of meat and control measures—
Post- slaughter physicochemical changes in meat and factors that influence them—Quality
improvement methods—Adulteration of meat and detection—Regulatory provisions in Meat trade
and Industry.

5.2 Meat Technology

5.2.1 Physical and chemical characteristics of meat.—Meat emulsions—Methods of preservation of
meat—Curing, canning, irradiation, packaging of meat and meat products, processing and
formulations.

5.3 By-products.—Slaughter house by-products and their utilisation—Edible and inedible by
products—Social and economic implications of proper utilisation of slaughter house by-products—
Organ products for food and pharmaceuticals.

5.4 Poultry Products Technology.—Chemical composition and nutritive value of poultry meat, pre-
slaughter care and management. Slaughtering techniques, inspection, preservation of poultry meat
and products. Legal and BIS standards.

Structure composition and nutritive value of eggs Microbial spoilage. Preservation and maintenance.
Marketing of poultry meat, eggs and products.

5.5 Rabbit/Fur Animal farming.—Rabbit meat production. Disposal and utilization of fur and wool and
recycling of waste by products. Grading of wool.

ANTHROPOLOGY

PAPER-I

1.1 Meaning, Scope and development of Anthropology.

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1.2 Relationships with other disciplines : Social Sciences, behavioural Sciences, Life Sciences, Medical
Sciences, Earth Sciences and Humanities.

1.3 Main branches of Anthropology, their scope and relevance :

(a) Social-cultural Anthropology.

(b) biological Anthropology.

(c) Archaeological Anthropology.

(d) Linguistic Anthropology.

1.4 Human Evolution and emergence of Man :

(a) Biological and Cultural factors in human evolution.

(b) Theories of Organic Evolution (Pre-Darwinian, Darwinian and Post-Darwinian).

(c) Synthetic theory of evolution; Brief outline of terms and concepts of evolutionary biology
(Doll’s rule, Cope’s rule, Gause’s rule, parallelism, convergence, adaptive radiation, and
mosaic evolution).

1.5 Characteristics of Primates; Evolutionary Trend and Primate Taxonomy; Primate Adaptations;
(Arboreal and Terrestrial) Primate Taxonomy; Primate Behaviour; Tertiary and Quaternary fossil
primates; Living Major Primates; Comparative Anatomy of Man and Apes; Skeletal changes due to
erect posture and its implications.

1.6 Phylogenetic status, characteristics and geographical distribution of the following :

(a) Plio-pleistocene hominids in South and East Africa—Australopithecines.

(b) Homo erectus : Africa (Paranthropus), Europe (Homo erectus (heidelbergensis), Asia (Homo
erectus javanicus, Homo erectus pekinensis.

(c) Neanderthal man—La-chapelle-aux-saints (Classical type), Mt. Carmel (Progressive type).

(d) Rhodesian man.

(e) Homo sapiens—Cromagnon, Grimaldi and Chancelede.

1.7 The biological basis of Life : The Cell, DNA structure and replication, Protein Synthesis, Gene,
Mutation, Chromosomes, and Cell Division.

1.8 (a)Principles of Prehistoric Archaeology. Chronology : Relative and Absolute Dating methods.

(b)Cultural Evolution—Broad Outlines of Prehistoric cultures :

(i) Paleolithic

(ii) Mesolithic

(iii) Neolithic

(iv) Chalcolithic

(v) Copper-Bronze age

(vi) Iron Age

2.1 The Nature of Culture : The concept and Characteristics of culture and civilization; Ethnocentrism
vis-a-vis cultural Relativism.

2.2 The Nature of Society : Concept of Society; Society and Culture; Social Institution; Social groups;

45

and Social stratification.

2.3 Marriage : Definition and universality; Laws of marriage (endogamy, exogamy, hypergamy,
hypogamy, incest taboo); Type of marriage (monogamy, polygamy, polyandry, group marriage).
Functions of marriage; Marriage regulations (preferential, prescriptive and proscriptive); Marriage
payments (bride wealth and dowry).

2.4 Family : Definition and universality; Family, household and domestic groups; functions of family;
Types of family (from the perspectives of structure, blood relation, marriage, residence and
succession); Impact of urbanization, industrialization and feminist movements on family.

2.5 Kinship : Consanguinity and Affinity; Principles and types of descent (Unilineal, Double, Bilateral
Ambilineal); Forms of descent groups (lineage, clan, phratry, moiety and kindred); Kinship
terminology (descriptive and classificatory); Descent, Filiation and Complimentary Filiation;Decent
and Alliance.

3. Economic Organization : Meaning, scope and relevance of economic anthropology; Formalist and
Substantivist debate; Principles governing production, distribution and exchange (reciprocity,
redistribution and market), in communities, subsisting on hunting and gathering, fishing,
swiddening, pastoralism, horticulture, and agriculture; globalization and indigenous economic
systems.

4. Political Organization and Social Control : Band, tribe, chiefdom, kingdom and state; concepts of
power, authority and legitimacy; social control, law and justice in simple Societies.

5. Religion : Anthropological approaches to the study of religion (evolutionary, psychological and
functional); monotheism and polytheism; sacred and profane; myths and rituals; forms of religion in
tribal and peasant Societies (animism, animatism, fetishism, naturism and totemism); religion,
magic and science distinguished; magico-religious functionaries (priest, shaman, medicine man,
sorcerer and witch).

6. Anthropological theories :

(a)Classical evolutionism (Tylor, Morgan and Frazer)

(b)Historical particularism (Boas) Diffusionism (British, German and American)

(c)Functionalism (Malinowski); Structural—Functionlism (Radcliffe-Brown)

(d)Structuralism (L’evi-Strauss and E. Leach)

(e)Culture and personality (Benedict, Mead, Linton, Kardiner and Cora-du Bois)

(f)Neo—evolutionism (Childe, White, Steward, Sahlins and Service)

(g)Cultural materialism (Harris)

(h)Symbolic and interpretive theories (Turner, Schneider and Geertz)

(i)Cognitive theories (Tyler, Conklin)

(j)Post-modernism in anthropology.

7. Culture, Language and Communication :

Nature, origin and characteristics of language; verbal and non-verbal communication; social context
of language use.

8. Research methods in Anthropology :

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(a) Fieldwork tradition in anthropology
(b) Distinction between technique, method and methodology
(c)Tools of data collection : observation, interview, schedules, questionnaire, case study, genealogy,
life-history, oral history, secondary sources of information, participatory methods.

(d) Analysis, interpretation and presentation of data.
9.1 Human Genetics : Methods and Application : Methods for study of genetic principles in man-family
study (pedigree analysis, twin study, foster child, co-twin method, cytogenetic method, chromosomal
and karyo-type analysis), biochemical methods, immunological methods, D.N.A. technology and
recombinant technologies.

9.2 Mendelian genetics in man-family study, single factor, multifactor, lethal, sub-lethal and polygenic
inheritance in man.

9.3 Concept of genetic polymorphism and selection, Mendelian population, Hardy-Weinberg law; causes
and changes which bring down frequency-mutation, isolation, migration, selection, inbreeding and
genetic drift. Consanguineous and non-consanguineous mating, genetic load, genetic effect of
consanguineous and cousin marriages.

9.4 Chromosomes and chromosomal aberrations in man, methodology.

(a) Numerical and structural aberrations (disorders).
(b)Sex chromosomal aberration- Klinefelter (XXY), Turner (XO), Super female (XXX), intersex and
other syndromic disorders.

(c) Autosomal aberrations- Down syndrome, Patau, Edward and Cri-du-chat syndromes.
(d) Genetic imprints in human disease, genetic screening, genetic counseling, human DNA profiling,
gene mapping and genome study.
9.5 Race and racism, biological basis of morphological variation of non-metric and characters. Racial
criteria, racial traits in relation to heredity and environment; biological basis of racial classification,
racial differentiation and race crossing in man.

9.6 Age, sex and population variation as genetic marker :ABO, Rh blood groups, HLA Hp,
transferring, Gm, blood enzymes. Physiological characteristics-Hb level, body fat, pulse rate,
respiratory functions and sensory perceptions in different cultural and socio-economic groups.

9.7 Concepts and methods of Ecological Anthropology : Bio-cultural Adaptations—Genetic and Non-
genetic factors. Man’s physiological responses to environmental stresses: hot desert, cold, high
altitude climate.

9.8 Epidemiological Anthropology : Health and disease. Infectious and non-infectious diseases,
Nutritional deficiency related diseases.

10. Concept of human growth and Development : Stages of growth—pre-natal, natal, infant,
childhood, adolescence, maturity, senescence.

—Factors affecting growth and development genetic, environmental, biochemical, nutritional,
cultural and socio-economic.

—Ageing and senescence. Theories and observations

—biological and chronological longevity. Human physique and somatotypes. Methodologies for
growth studies.

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11.1 Relevance of menarche, menopause and other bioevents to fertility. Fertility patterns and
differentials.

11.2 Demographic theories-biological, social and cultural.

11.3 Biological and socio-ecological factors influencing fecundity, fertility, natality and mortality.

12. Applications of Anthropology : Anthropology of sports, Nutritional anthropology, Anthroplogy in
designing of defence and other equipments, Forensic Anthropology, Methods and principles of
personal identification and reconstruction, Applied human genetics—Paternity diagnosis, genetic
counselling and eugenics, DNA technology in diseases and medicine, serogenetics and cytogenetics
in reproductive biology.

PAPER-II

1.1 Evolution of the Indian Culture and Civilization—Prehistoric (Palaeolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic
and Neolithic-Chalcolithic), Protohistoric (Indus Civilization). Pre-Harappan, Harappan and post-
Harappan cultures. Contributions of the tribal cultures to Indian civilization.

1.2 Palaeo—Anthropological evidences from India with special reference to Siwaliks and Narmada basin
(Ramapithecus, Sivapithecus and Narmada Man).

1.3. Ethno-archaeology in India: The concept of ethno-archaeology; Survivals and Parallels among the
hunting, foraging, fishing, pastoral and peasant communities including arts and crafts producing
communities.

2. Demographic profile of India—Ethnic and linguistic elements in the Indian population and their
distribution. Indian population—factors influencing its structure and growth.

3.1 The structure and nature of traditional Indian social system—Varnashram, Purushartha, Karma,
Rina and Rebirth.

3.2 Caste system in India— Structure and characteristics Varna and caste, Theories of origin of caste
system, Dominant caste, Caste mobility, Future of caste system, Jajmani system. Tribe-case
continuum.

3.3 Sacred Complex and Nature-Man-Spirit Complex.

3.4. Impact of Buddhism, Jainism, Islam and Christianity of Indian society.

4. Emergence, growth and development in India—Contributions of the 18th, 19th and early 20th
Century scholar-administrators. Contributions of Indian anthropologists to tribal and caste studies.

5.1 Indian Village—Significance of village study in India; Indian village as a social system; Traditional
and changing patterns of settlement and inter-caste relations; Agrarian relations in Indian villages;
Impact of globalization on Indian villages.

5.2 Linguistic and religious minorities and their social, political and economic status.

5.3 Indigenous and exogenous processes of socio-cultural change in Indian society: Sanskritization,
Westernization, Modernization; Inter-play of little and great traditions; Panchayati Raj and social
change; Media and Social change.

6.1 Tribal situation in India—Bio-genetic variability, linguistic and socio-economic characteristics of
the tribal populations and their distribution.

6.2 Problems of the tribal Communities—Land alienation, poverty, indebtedness, low literacy, poor
educational facilities, unemployment, under- employment, health and nutrition.

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6.3 Developmental projects and their impact on tribal displacement and problems of rehabilitation.
Development of forest policy and tribals. Impact of urbanisation and industrialization on tribal
populations.

7.1 Problems of exploitation and deprivation of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Other Backward
Classes. Constitutional safeguards for Scheduled Tribes and Scheduled Castes.

7.2 Social change and contemporary tribal societies : Impact of modern democratic institutions,
development programmes and welfare measures on tribals and weaker sections.

7.3 The concept of ethnicity; Ethnic conflicts and political developments; Unrest among tribal
communities; Regionalism and demand for autonomy; Pseudo-tribalism. Social change among the
tribes during colonial and post-Independent India.

8.1 Impact of Hinduism, Buddhism, Christianity, Islam and other religions on tribal societies.

8.2 Tribe and nation state—a comparative study of tribal communities in India and other countries.

9.1 History of administration of tribal areas, tribal policies, plans, programmes of tribal development
and their implementation. The concept of PTGs (Primitive Tribal Groups), their distribution, special
programmes for their development. Role of N.G.O.s in tribal development.

9.2 Role of anthropology in tribal and rural development.

9.3 Contributions of anthropology to the understanding of regionalism, communalism and ethnic and
political movements.

BOTANY

PAPER-I

1. Microbiology and Plant Pathology :

Structure and reproduction/multiplication of viruses, viroids, bacteria, fungi and mycoplasma;
Applications of microbiology in agriculture, industry, medicine and in control of soil and water pollution;
Prion and Prion hypothesis.

Important crop diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, mycoplasma, fungi and nematodes; Modes of
infection and dissemination; Molecular basis of infection and disease resistance/defence; Physiology of
parasitism and control measures. Fungal toxins. Modelling and disease forecasting; Plant quarantine.

2. Cryptogams :

Algae, fungi, lichens, bryophytes, pteridophytes-structure and reproduction from evolutionary
viewpoint; Distribution of Cryptogams in India and their ecological and economic importance.

3. Phanerogams :

Gymnosperms : Concept of Progymnosperms. Classification and distribution of gymnosperms.
Salient features of Cycadales, Ginkgoales, Coniferales and Gnetales, their structure and reproduction.
General account of Cycadofilicales, Bennettitales and Cordiaitailes; Geological time scale; Type of fossils
and their study techniques.

Angiosperms : Systematics, anatomy, embryology, palynology and phylogency.

Taxonomic hierarchy; International Code of Botanical Nomenclature; Numerical taxonomy and
chemotaxonomy; Evidence from anatomy, embryology and palynology.

Origin and evolution of angiosperms; Comparative account of various systems of classification of

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angiosperms; Study of angiospermic families— Magnoliaceae, Ranunculaceae, Brassicaceae, Rosaceae,
Fabaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Malvaceae, Dipterocarpaceae, Apiaceae, Asclepiadaceae, Verbenaceae,
Solanaceae, Rubiaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Asteraceae, Poaceae, Arecaceae, Liliaceae, Musaceae and
Orchidaceae.

Stomata and their types; Glandular and non-glandular trichomes; Unusual secondary growth;
Anatomy of C3 and C4 plants; Xylem and phloem differentiation; Wood anatomy.

Development of male and female gametophytes, pollination, fertilization; Endosperm—its
development and function. Patterns of embryo development; Polyembroyony, apomixes; Applications of
palynology; Experimental embryology including pollen storage and test-tube fertilization.

4. Plant Resource Development :

Domestication and introduction of plants; Origin of cultivated plants, Vavilov’s centres of origin.
Plants as sources for food, fodder, fibres, spices, beverages, edible oils, drugs, narcotics, insecticides, timber,
gums, resins and dyes; latex, cellulose, starch and its products; Perfumery; Importance of Ethnobotany in
Indian context; Energy plantations; Botanical Gardens and Herbaria.

5. Morphogenesis :

Totipotency, polarity, symmetry and differentiation; Cell, tissue, organ and protoplast culture.
Somatic hybrids and Cybrids; Micropropagation; Somaclonal variation and its applications; Pollen haploids,
embryo rescue methods and their applications.

PAPER-II

1. Cell Biology :

Techniques of cell biology. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells—structural and ultrastructural details;
Structure and function of extracellular matrix (cell wall) and membranes-cell adhesion, membrane transport
and vesicular transport; Structure and function of cell organelles (chloroplasts, mitochondria, ER,
dictyosomes ribosomes, endosomes,lysosomes, peroxisomes; Cytoskelaton and microtubules; Nucleus,
nucleolus, nuclear pore complex; Chromatin and nucleosome; Cell signalling and cell receptors; Signal
transduction Mitosis and meiosis; molecular basis of cell cycle. Numerical and structural variations in
chromosomes and their significance; Chromatin organization and packaging of genome; Polytene
chromosomes; B-chromosomes—structure, behaviour and significance.

2. Genetics, Molecular Biology and Evolution :

Development of genetics, and gene versus allele concepts (Pseudoalleles); Quantitative genetics and
multiple factors; Incomplete dominance, polygenic inheritance, multiple alleles; Linkage and crossing over
of gene mapping including molecular maps (idea of mapping, function); Sex chromosomes and sex-linked
inheritance; sex determination and molecular basis of sex differentiation; Mutations (biochemical and
molecular basis); Cytoplasmic inheritance and cytoplasmic genes (including genetics of male sterility).

Structure and synthesis of nucleic acids and proteins; Genetic code and regulation of gene
expression; Gene silencing; Multigene families; Organic evolution-evidences, mechanism and theories.

Role of RNA in origin and evolution.

3. Plant Breeding, Biotechnology and Biostatistics :

Methods of plant breeding—introduction, selection and hybridization (pedigree, backcross, mass
selection, bulk method); Mutation, polyploidy, male sterility and heterosis breeding. Use of apomixes in
plant breeding; DNA sequencing; Genetic engineering—methods of transfer of genes; Transgenic crops and

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biosafety aspects; Development and use of molecular markers in plant breeding; Tools and techniques—
probe, southern blotting, DNA fingerprinting, PCR and FISH. Standard deviation and coefficient of variation
(CV). Tests of significance (Z-test, t-test and chi-square tests). Probability and distributions (normal,
binomial and Poisson). Correlation and regression.

4. Physiology and Biochemistry :

Water relations, mineral nutrition and ion transport, mineral deficiencies. Photosynthesis—
photochemical reactions, photophosphorylation and carbon fixation pathways; C 3, C4 and CAM pathways;
Mechanism of phloem transport, Respiration (anaerobic and aerobic, including fermentation)—electron
transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation; Photorespiration; Chemiosmotic theory and ATP synthesis;
Lipid metabolism; Nitrogen fixation and nitrogen metabolism. Enzymes, coenzymes; Energy transfer and
energy conservation. Importance of secondary metabolites. Pigments as photoreceptors (plastidial pigments
and phytochrome). Plant movements; Photoperiodism and flowering, vernalization, senescence; Growth
substances—their chemical nature, role and applications in agri-horticulture; growth indices, growth
movements. Stress physiology (heat, water, salinity, metal); Fruit and seed physiology. Dormancy, storage
and germination of seed. Fruit ripening—its molecular basis and manipulation.

5. Ecology and Plant Geography :

Concept of ecosystem; Ecological factors. Concepts and dynamics of community; Plant succession.
Concepts of biosphere; Ecosystems; Conservation; Pollution and its control (including phytoremediation);
Plant indicators; Environment (Protection) Act.

Forest types of India—‘Ecological and economic importance of forests, afforestation, deforestation
and social forestry; Endangered plants, endemism IUCN categories, Red Data Books; Biodiversity and its
conservation; Protected Area Network; Convention of Biological Diversity, Farmers’ Rights; and Intellectual
Property Rights; Concept of Sustainable Development; Biogeochemical cycles. Global warming and climatic
change; Invasive species; Environmental Impact Assessment; Phytogeographical regions of India.

CHEMISTRY

PAPER-I

1. Atomic Structure :

Heisenberg's uncertainty principle Schrodinger wave equation (time independent); Interpretation of
wave function, particle in one- dimensional box, quantum numbers, hydrogen atom wave functions; Shapes
of s, p and d orbitals.

2. Chemical bonding :

Ionic bond, characteristics of ionic compounds, lattice energy, Born-Haber cycle; covalent bond and
its general characteristics, polarities of bonds in molecules and their dipole moments; Valence bond theory,
concept of resonance and resonance energy; Molecular orbital theory (LCAO method); bonding H2 +, H2
He2 + to Ne2, NO, CO, HF, CN–, Comparison of valence bond and molecular orbital theories, bond order,
bond strength and bond length.

3. Solid state :

Crystal systems; Designation of crystal faces, lattice structures and unit cell; Bragg's law; X-ray
diffraction by crystals; Close packing, radius ratio rules, calculation of some limiting radius ratio values;
Structures of NaCl, ZnS, CsCl, CaF2; stoichiometric and nonstoichiometric defects, impurity defects, semi-

51

conductors.

4. The gaseous state and Transport Phenomenon :

Equation of state for real gases, intermolecular interactions, and critical phenomena and liquefaction
of gases; Maxwell’s distribution of speeds, intermolecular collisions, collisions on the wall and effusion;
Thermal conductivity and viscosity of ideal gases.

5. Liquid State :

Kelvin equation; Surface tension and surface energy, wetting and contact angle, interfacial tension
and capillary action.

6. Thermodynamics :

Work, heat and internal energy; first law of thermodynamics.

Second law of thermodynamics; entropy as a state function, entropy changes in various processes,
entropy-reversibility and irreversibility, Free energy functions; Thermodynamic equation of state; Maxwell
relations; Temperature, volume and pressure dependence of U, H, A, G, Cp and Cv, and ; J-T effect
and inversion temperature; criteria for equilibrium, relation between equilibrium constant and
thermodynamic quantities; Nernst heat theorem, introductory idea of third law of thermodynamics.

7. Phase equilibria and solutions :

Clausius-Clapeyron equation; phase diagram for a pure substance; phase equilibria in binary
systems, partially miscible liquids—upper and lower critical solution temperatures; partial molar quantities,
their significance and determination; excess thermodynamic functions and their determination.

8. Electrochemistry :

Debye-Huckel theory of strong electrolytes and Debye-Huckel limiting Law for various equilibrium
and transport properties.

Galvanic cells, concentration cells; electrochemical series, measurement of e.m.f. of cells and its
applications fuel cells and batteries.

Processes at electrodes; double layer at the interface; rate of charge transfer, current density;
overpotential; electroanalytical techniques : amperometry, ion selective electrodes and their use.

9. Chemical kinetics:

Differential and integral rate equations for zeroth, first, second and fractional order reactions; Rate
equations involving reverse, parallel, consecutive and chain reactions; Branching chain and explosions;
effect of temperature and pressure on rate constant. Study of fast reactions by stop-flow and relaxation
methods. Collisions and transition state theories.

10. Photochemistry:

Absorption of light; decay of excited state by different routes; photochemical reactions between
hydrogen and halogens and their quantum yields.

11. Surface phenomena and catalysis:

Adsorption from gases and solutions on solid adsorbents; Langmuir and B.E.T. adsorption
isotherms; determination of surface area, characteristics and mechanism of reaction on heterogeneous
catalysts.

12. Bio-inorganic chemistry:

52

Metal ions in biological systems and their role in ion-transport across the membranes (molecular
mechanism), oxygen-uptake proteins, cytochromes and ferrodoxins.

13. Coordination chemistry :

(i) Bonding in transition of metal complexes. Valence bond theory, crystal field theory and its
modifications; applications of theories in the explanation of magnetism and electronic spectra of
metal complexes.

(ii) Isomerism in coordination compounds; IUPAC nomenclature of coordination compounds;
stereochemistry of complexes with 4 and 6 coordination numbers; chelate effect and polynuclear
complexes; trans effect and its theories; kinetics of substitution reactions in square-planar
complexes; thermodynamic and kinetic stability of complexes.

(iii) EAN rule, Synthesis structure and reactivity of metal carbonyls; carboxylate anions, carbonyl
hydrides and metal nitrosyl compounds.

(iv) Complexes with aromatic systems, synthesis, structure and bonding in metal olefin complexes,
alkyne complexes and cyclopentadienyl complexes; coordinative unsaturation, oxidative
addition reactions, insertion reactions, fluxional molecules and their characterization; Compounds
with metal—metal bonds and metal atom clusters.

14. Main Group Chemistry:

Boranes, borazines, phosphazenes and cyclic phosphazene, silicates and silicones, Interhalogen
compounds; Sulphur—nitrogen compounds, noble gas compounds.

15. General Chemistry of ‘f’ Block Element:

Lanthanides and actinides: separation, oxidation states, magnetic and spectral properties;
lanthanide contraction.

PAPER-II

1. Delocalised covalent bonding :

Aromaticity, anti-aromaticity; annulenes, azulenes, tropolones, fulvenes, sydnones.

2. (i) Reaction mechanisms : General methods (both kinetic and non-kinetic) of study of
mechanisms or organic reactions : isotopies, method cross-over experiment, intermediate trapping,
stereochemistry; energy of activation; thermodynamic control and kinetic control of reactions.

(ii) Reactive intermediates : Generation, geometry, stability and reactions of carboniumions
and carbanions, free radicals, carbenes, benzynes and nitrenes.
(iii) Substitution reactions :—SN 1, SN 2, and SN i, mechanisms ; neighbouring group
participation; electrophilic and nucleophilic reactions of aromatic compounds including heterocyclic
compounds—pyrrole, furan, thiophene and indole.

(iv) Elimination reactions :—E1, E2 and E1cb mechanisms; orientation in E2 reactions—
Saytzeff and Hoffmann; pyrolytic syn elimination—acetate pyrolysis, Chugaev and Cope
eliminations.

(v) Addition reactions :—Electrophilic addition to C=C and CC; nucleophilic addition to C=O,
CN, conjugated olefins and carbonyls.

(vi) Reactions and Rearrangements :—(a) Pinacol-pinacolone, Hoffmann, Beckmann, Baeyer-
Villiger, Favorskii, Fries, Claisen, Cope, Stevens and Wagner—Meerwein rearrangements.

53

(b) Aldol condensation, Claisen condensation, Dieckmann, Perkin, Knoevenagel, Witting,
Clemmensen, Wolff-Kishner, Cannizzaro and von Richter reactions; Stobbe, benzoin and acyloin
condensations; Fischer indole synthesis, Skraup synthesis, Bischler-Napieralski, Sandmeyer,
Reimer-Tiemann and Reformatsky reactions.

3. Pericyclic reactions :—Classification and examples; Woodward-Hoffmann rules—electrocyclic
reactions, cycloaddition reactions [2+2 and 4+2] and sigmatropic shifts [1, 3; 3, 3 and 1, 5], FMO
approach.

4. (i) Preparation and Properties of Polymers: Organic polymerspolyethylene, polystyrene,
polyvinyl chloride, teflon, nylon, terylene, synthetic and natural rubber.

(ii) Biopolymers: Structure of proteins, DNA and RNA.

5. Synthetic Uses of Reagents:
OsO4, HlO4, CrO3, Pb(OAc)4, SeO2, NBS, B2H6, Na-Liquid NH3, LiAIH4, NaBH4, n-BuLi, MCPBA.

6. Photochemistry :—Photochemical reactions of simple organic compounds, excited and ground
states, singlet and triplet states, Norrish-Type I and Type II reactions.

7. Spectroscopy:

Principle and applications in structure elucidation :

(i) Rotational—Diatomic molecules; isotopic substitution and rotational constants.

(ii) Vibrational—Diatomic molecules, linear triatomic molecules, specific frequencies of
functional groups in polyatomic molecules.

(iii) Electronic—Singlet and triplet states.n and transitions; application to conjugated
double bonds and conjugated carbonyls Woodward-Fieser rules; Charge transfer spectra.

(iv) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1HNMR): Basic principle; chemical shift and spin-spin
interaction and coupling constants.

(v) Mass Spectrometry :—Parent peak, base peak, metastable peak, McLafferty rearrangement.

CIVIL ENGINEERING

PAPER-I

1. Engineering Mechanics, Strength of Materials and Structural Analysis.

1.1 Engineering Mechanics :

Units and Dimensions, SI Units, Vectors, Concept of Force, Concept of particle and rigid body.
Concurrent, Non- Concurrent and parallel forces in a plane, moment of force free body diagram,
conditions of equilibrium, Principle of virtual work, equivalent force system.

First and Second Moment of area, Mass moment of Inertia.

Static Friction.

Kinematics and Kinetics:

Kinematics in cartesian Co-ordinates, motion under uniform and non-uniform acceleration, motion
under gravity. Kinetics of particle : Momentum and Energy principles, collision of elastic bodies,
rotation of rigid bodies.

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1.2 Strength of Materials :

Simple Stress and Strain, Elastic constants, axially loaded compression members, Shear force and
bending moment, theory of simple bending, Shear Stress distribution across cross sections, Beams
of uniform strength.

Deflection of beams: Mecaulay’s method, Mohr’s Moment area method, Conjugate beam method,
unit load method. Torsion of Shafts, Elastic stability of columns, Euler’s, Rankine’s and Secant
formulae.

1.3 Structural Analysis :

Castiglianio’s theorems I and II, unit load method, of consistent deformation applied to beams and
pin jointed trusses. Slope-deflection, moment distribution.

Rolling loads and Influences lines : Influences lines for Shear Force and Bending moment at a
section of a beam. Criteria for maximum shear force and bending Moment in beams traversed by a
system of moving loads. Influences lines for simply supported plane pin jointed trusses.

Arches : Three hinged, two hinged and fixed arches, rib shortening and temperature effects.

Matrix methods of analysis : Force method and displacement method of analysis of indeterminate
beams and rigid frames.

Plastic Analysis of beams and frames : Theory of plastic bending, plastic analysis, statical method,
Mechanism method.

Unsymmetrical bending : Moment of inertia, product of inertia, position of Neutral Axis and Principal
axes, calculation of bending stresses.

2. Design of Structures : Steel, concrete and masonry structures.

2.1 Structural Steel Design :

Structural steel : Factors of safety and load factors. Riveted, bolted and welded joints and
connections. Design of tension and compression members, beams of built up section, riveted and
welded plate girders, gantry girders, stancheons with battens and lacings.

2.2 Design of Concrete and Masonry Structures :

Concept of mix design. Reinforced Concrete : Working Stress and Limit State method of design—
Recommendations of I. S. codes. design of one way and two way slabs, stair-case slabs, simple and
continuous beams of rectangular, T and L sections. compression members under direct load with or
without eccentricity.

Cantilever and Counter fort type retaining walls.

Water tanks : Design requirements for Rectangular and circular tanks resting on ground.

Prestressed Concrete : Methods and systems of prestressing, anchorages, Analysis and design of
sections for flexure based on working stress, loss of prestress.

Design of brick masonry as per I. S. Codes

3. Fluid Mechanics, open channel flow and Hydraulic Machines :

3.1 Fluid Mechanics :

Fluid properties and their role in fluid motion, fluid statics including forces acting on plane and
curve surfaces.

55

Kinematics and Dynamics of Fluid flow : Velocity and accelerations, stream lines, equation of
continuity, irrotational and rotational flow, velocity potential and stream functions.

Continuity, momentum, energy equation, Navier Stokes equation, Euler’s equation of motion,
application to fluid flow problems, pipe flow, sluice gates, weirs.

3.2 Dimensional Analysis and Similitude: Buckingham’s Pi-theorem, dimensionless parameters.

3.3 Laminar Flow :

Laminar flow between parallel, stationary and moving plates, flow through tube.

3.4 Boundary layer :

Laminar and turbulent boundary layer on a flat plate, laminar sub-layer, smooth and rough
boundaries, drag and lift.

Turbulent flow through pipes : Characteristics of turbulent flow, velocity distribution and variation
of pipe friction factor, hydraulic grade line and total energy line.

3.5 Open channel flow :

Uniform and non-uniform flows, momentum and energy correction factors, specific energy and
specific force, critical depth, rapidly varied flow, hydraulic jump, gradually varied flow, classification
of surface profiles, control section, step method of integration of varied flow equation.

3.6 Hydraulic Machines and Hydropower :

Hydraulic turbines, types classification, Choice of turbines performance parameters, controls,
characteristics, specific speed.

Principles of hydropower development.

4. Geotechnical Engineering :

Soil Type and Structure—gradation and particle size distribution—consistency limits.

Water in soil—capillary and structural—effective stress and pore water pressure—permeability
concept—field and laboratory determination of permeability—Seepage pressure—quick sand
conditions—Shear strength determination—Mohr Coulomb concept.

Compaction of soil—Laboratory and field test.

Compressibility and consolidation concept— consolidation theory—consolidation settlement
analysis.

Earth pressure theory and analysis for retaining walls, Application for sheet piles and Braced
excavation.

Bearing capacity of soil—approaches for analysis- Field tests—settlement analysis—stability of slope
of earth walk.

Subsuface exploration of soils—methods

Foundation—Type and selection criteria for foundation of structures—Design criteria for
foundation—Analysis of distribution of stress for footings and pile—pile group action—pile load test.

Ground improvement techniques.

PAPER—II

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1. Construction Technology, Equipment, Planning and Management

1.1 Construction Technology

Engineering Materials :

Physical properties of construction materials with respect to their use in construction—Stones,
Bricks and Tiles; Lime, Cement, different types of Mortars and Concrete.

Specific use of ferro cement, fibre reinforced C. C., High strength concrete.

Timber; Properties defects—common preservation treatments.

Use and selection of materials for specific use like Low Cost Housing, Mass Housing, High Rise
Buildings.

1.2 Construction :

Masonry principles using Brick, stone, Blocks—construction detailing and strength characteristics.

Types of plastering, pointing, flooring, roofing and construction features.

Common repairs in buildings.

Principle of functional planning of building for residents and specific use—Building code provisions.

Basic principles of detailed and approximate estimating—specification writing and rate analysis-
principles of valuation of real property.

Machinery for earthwork, concreting and their specific uses—Factors affecting selection of
equipments—operating cost of equipments.

1.3 CONSTRUCTION PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT :

Construction activity—schedules—organization for construction industry—Quality assurance
principles.

Use Basic principle of network—analysis in form of CPM and PERT—their use in construction
monitoring, Cost optimization and resource allocation.

Basic principles of Economic analysis and methods.

Project profitability—Basic principles of Boot approach to financial planning-simple toll fixation
criterions.

2. Surveying and Transportation Engineering

2.1 Surveying : Common methods and instruments for distance and angle measurement for CE work—
their use in plane table, traverse survey, levelling work, triangulation, contouring and topographical
map.

Basic principles of photogrammetry and remote sensing.

2.2 Railways Engineering : Permanent way—components, types and their function-Functions and
Design constituents of turn and crossing— Necessity of geometric design of track—Design of station
and yards.

2.3 Highway Engineering :

Principles of Highway alignments—classification and geometrical design elements and standards for

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Roads.

Pavement structure for flexible and rigid pavements—Design principles and methodology of
pavements.

Typical construction methods and standards of materials for stabilized soil, WBM, Bituminous works
and CC roads.

Surface and sub-surface drainage arrangements for roads—culvert structures.

Pavement distresses and strengthening by overlays.

Traffic surveys and their application in traffic planning—Typical design features for channelized,
intersection rotary etc.—signal designs—standard Traffic signs and markings.

3. Hydrology, Water Resources and Engineering :

3.1 Hydrology :

Hydrological cycle, precipitation, evaporation, transpiration, infiltration, overland flow, hydrograph,
flood frequency analyses, flood routing through a reservoir, channel flow routing—Muskingam
method.

3.2 Ground Water flow :

Specific yield, storage coefficient, coefficient of permeability, confined and unconfined aquifers,
aquifers, aquitards, radial flow into a well under confined and unconfined conditions.

3.3 Water Resources Engineering :

Ground and surface water resources, single and multipurpose projects, storage capacity of
reservoirs, reservoir losses, reservoir sedimentation.

3.4 Irrigation Engineering :

(i) Water requirements of crops : consumptive use, duty and delta, irrigation methods and their
efficiencies.

(ii) Canals : Distribution systems for canal irrigation, canal capacity, canal losses, alignment of
main and distributary canals, most efficient section, lined canals, their design, regime theory, critical
shear stress, bed load.

(iii) Water logging : causes and control, salinity.

(iv) Canal structures : Design of head regulators, canal falls, aqueducts, metering flumes and
canal outlets.

(v) Diversion head work : Principles and design of weirs on permeable and impermeable
foundation, Khosla’s theory, energy dissipation.

(vi) Storage works : Types of dams, design, principles of rigid gravity stability analysis.

(vii) Spillways : Spillway types, energy dissipation.

(viii) River training : Objectives of river training, methods of river training.

4. Environmental Engineering

4.1 Water Supply :

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Predicting demand for water, impurities of water and their significance, physical, chemical and
bacteriological analysis, waterborne diseases, standards for potable water.

4.2 Intake of Water :

Water treatment: principles of coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation; slow-, rapid-, pressure,
filters; chlorination, softening, removal of taste, odour and salinity.

4.3 Sewerage Systems :

Domestic and industrial wastes, store sewage—separate and combined systems, flow through
sewers, design of sewers.

4.4 Sewage Characterisation :

BOD, COD, solids, dissolved oxygen, nitrogen and TOC. Standards of disposal in normal water
course and on land.

4.5 Sewage Treatment :

Working principles, units, chambers, sedimentation tank, trickling filters, oxidation ponds, activated
sludge process, septic tank, disposal of sludge, recycling of waste water.

4.6 Solid waste :

Collection and disposal in rural and urban contexts, management of long-term ill-effects.

5. Environmental pollution :

Sustainable development. Radioactive wastes and disposal. Environmental impact assessment for
thermal power plants, mines, river valley projects. Air pollution. Pollution control acts.

COMMERCE AND ACCOUNTANCY
PAPER-I
Accounting and Finance
Accounting, Taxation & Auditing
1. Financing Accounting :

Accounting as a financial information system; Impact of behavioural sciences. Accounting Standards
e.g., accounting for Depreciation, Inventories, Research and Development Costs, Long-term
Construction Contracts, Revenue Recognition, Fixed Assets, Contingencies, Foreign Exchange
Transactions, Investments and Government Grants, Cash Flow Statement, Earnings per Share.

Accounting for Share Capital Transactions including Bonus Shares, Right Shares.

Employees Stock Option and Buy-Back of Securities.

Preparation and Presentation of Company Final Accounts.

Amalgamations, Absorption and Reconstruction of Companies.

2. Cost Accounting :

Nature and functions of cost accounting. Installation of Cost Accounting System. Cost Concepts
related to Income Measurement, Profit Planning, Cost Control and Decision Making.

Methods of Costing: Job Costing, Process Costing, Activity Based Costing.

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Volume-cost-Profit Relationship as a tool of Profit Planning.

Incremental Analysis/Differential Costing as a Tool of Pricing Decisions, Product Decisions, Make or
Buy Decisions, Shut-Down Decisions etc.

Techniques of Cost Control and Cost Reduction : Budgeting as a Tool of Planning and Control.
Standard Costing and Variance Analysis.

Responsibility Accounting and Divisional Performance Measurement.

3. Taxation :

Income Tax: Definitions. Basis of charge; Incomes which do not form part of total income. Simple
problems of computation of income (of individuals only) under various heads, i.e., salaries, income
from house property, profits and gains from business or profession, capital gains, income from other
sources, Income of other persons included in assessee’s total income.

Set-off and Carry forward of Loss.

Deductions from gross Total Income.

Salient Features/Provisions Related to VAT and Services Tax.

4. Auditing :

Company Audit: Audit related to Divisible Profits, Dividends, Special investigations, Tax audit.

Audit of banking, Insurance, Non-Profit Organization and Charitable
societies/Trusts/Organizations.

Financial Management, Financial Institutions and Markets

1. Financial Management :

Finance Function : Nature, Scope and Objectives of Financial Management : Risk and Return
relationship.

Tools of Financial Analysis: Ratio Analysis, Funds-Flow and Cash-Flow Statement.

Capital Budgeting Decisions: Process, Procedures and Appraisal Methods. Risk and Uncertainty
Analysis and Methods.

Cost of Capital : concept, Computation of Specific Costs and Weighted Average Cost of Capital. CAPM
as a Tool of Determining Cost of Equity Capital.

Financing Decisions: Theories of Capital Structure—Net Income (NI) Approach.

Net Operating Income (NOI) Approach, MM Approach and Traditional Approach. Designing of Capital
structure: Types of Leverages (Operating, Financial and Combined), EBIT-EPS Analysis, and other
Factors.

Dividend Decisions and Valuation of Firm : Walter’s Model, MM Thesis, Gordan’s Model Lintner’s
Model. Factors Affecting Dividend Policy.

Working Capital Management: Planning of Working Capital. Determinants of Working Capital.
Components of Working Capital—Cash, Inventory and Receivables.

Corporate Restructuring with focus on Mergers and Acquisitions (Financial aspect only).

2. Financial Markets and Institutions :

Indian Financial System: An Overview

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Money Markets: Participants, Structure and Instruments. Commercial Banks. Reforms in Banking
Sector. Monetary and Credit Policy of RBI. RBI as a Regulator.

Capital Market : Primary and Secondary Market. Financial Market Instruments and Innovative Debt
Instruments; SEBI as a Regulator.

Financial Services : Mutual Funds, Venture Capital, Credit Rating Agencies, Insurance and IRDA.

PAPER-II
Organisation Theory and Behaviours, Human Resource Management and Industrial Relations

Organisation Theory and Behaviour

1. Organisation Theory :

Nature and Concept of Organisation; External Environment of Organisation—Technological, Social,
Political, Economical and Legal; Organizational Goals Primary and Secondary Goals, Single and
Multiple Goals; Management by Objectives.

Evolution of Organisation theory : Classical Neo-classical and system approach.

Modern Concepts of Organisation Theory : Organisational Design, Organisational Structure and
Organisational Culture.

Organisational Design—Basic Challenges; Differentiation and Integration Process; Centralization
and Decentralization Process; Standardization/Formalization and Mutual Adjustment. Coordinating
Formal and Informal Organizations. Mechanistic and Organic Structures.

Designing Organizational structures—Authority and Control; Line and Staff Functions,
Specialization and Coordination. Types of Organization Structure—Functional. Matrix Structure,
Project Structure. Nature and Basis of Power, Sources of Power, Power Structure and Politics. Impact
of Information Technology on Organizational Design and Structure.

Managing Organizational Culture.

2. Organisation Behaviour :

Meaning and Concept; Individual in organization: Personality, Theories, and Determinants;
Perception Meaning and Process.

Motivation : Concepts, Theories and Applications. Leadership—Theories and Styles. Quality of Work
Life (QWL): Meaning and its impact on Performance, Ways of its Enhancement. Quality Circles (QC)—
Meaning and their Importance. Management of Conflicts in Organizations. Transactional Analysis,
Organizational Effectiveness, Management of Change.

Human Resources Management and Industrial Relations

1. Human Resources Management (HRM) :

Meaning Nature and Scope of HRM, Human Resource Planning, Job Analysis, Job Description, Job
Specification, Recruitment Process, Selection Process, Orientational and Placement, Training and
Development Process, Performance Appraisal and 360° Feed Back, Salary and Wage Administration,
Job Evaluation, Employee Welfare, Promotions, Transfers and Separations.

2. Industrial Relations (IR) :

Meaning, Nature, Importance and Scope of IR, Formation of Trade Union, Trade Union Legislation,
Trade Union Movement in India. Recognition of Trade Unions, Problems of Trade Unions in India.

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Impact of Liberalization on Trade Union Movement.

Nature of Industrial Disputes: Strikes and Lockouts, Causes of Disputes, Prevention and Settlement
of Disputes.

Worker’s Participation in Management: Philosophy, Rationale, Present Day Status and future
Prospects.

Adjudication and Collective Bargaining.

Industrial Relations in Public Enterprises Absenteeism and Labour Turnover in Indian Industries
and their Causes and Remedies.

ILO and its Functions.

ECONOMICS

PAPER—I

1. Advanced Micro Economics :

(a) Marshallian and Walrasian Approaches to Price determination.

(b) Alternative Distribution Theories : Ricardo, Kaldor, Kalecki.

(c) Markets Structure : Monopolistic Competition, Duopoly, Oligopoly.

(d) Modern Welfare Criteria : Pareto Hicks and Scitovsky, Arrow’s Impossibility Theorem, A. K. Sen’s
Social Welfare Function.

2. Advance Macro Economics :

Approaches to Employment Income and Interest Rate determination : Classical, Keynes (IS-LM)
curve, Neo-classical synthesis and New classical, Theories of Interest Rate determination and
Interest Rate Structure.

3. Money-Banking and Finance :

(a) Demand for and Supply of Money : Money Multiplier Quantity Theory of Money (Fisher, Pigou and
Friedman) and Keynes’ Theory on Demand for Money, Goals and Instruments of Monetary
Management in Closed and Open Economies. Relation between the Central Bank and the Treasury.
Proposal for ceiling on growth rate of money.

(b) Public Finance and its Role in market economy : in stabilization of supply, allocation of resources
and in distribution and development. Sources of Government revenue, forms of Taxes and Subsidies,
their incidence and effects. Limits to taxation, loans, crowding-out effects and limits to borrowings.
Public expenditure and its effects.

4. International Economics :

(a) Old and New theories of International Trade.

(i) Comparative advantage,

(ii)Terms of Trade and offer curve.

(iii)Product cycle and Strategic trade theories.

(iv)Trade as an engine of growth and theories of underdevelopment in an open economy.

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(b) Forms of protection : Tariff and quota.

(c) Balance of Payments Adjustments : Alternative Approaches.

(i)Price versus income, income adjustments under fixed exchange rates.

(ii)Theories of Policy mix.

(iii)Exchange rate adjustments under capital mobility.

(iv)Floating Rates and their implications for developing Countries: Currency Boards.

(v)Trade Policy and Developing Countries.

(vi)BOP, adjustments and Policy Coordination in open economy macro-model.

(vii)Speculative attacks.

(viii)Trade Blocks and Monetary Unions.

(ix) WTO : Trims, TRIPS, Domestic Measures, Different Rounds of WTO talks.

5. Growth and Development:

(a) (i)Theories of growth : Harrod’s model;

(ii)Lewis model of development with surplus labour.

(iii)Balanced Unbalanced Growth.

(iv)human capitals and Economic Growth.

(v)Research and Development and Economic Growth.

(b) Process of Economic Development of less developed countries: Myrdal and Kuznets on economic
development and structural change: Role of Agriculture in Economic Development of less developed
countries.

(c) Economic Development and International Trade and Investment, Role of Multinationals.

(d) Planning and economic Development: changing role of Markets and Planning, Private-Public
Partnership.

(e) Welfare indicators and measures of growth—Human development indices. The basic needs
approach.

(f) Development and Environmental Sustainability—Renewable and Non Renewable Resources,
Environmental Degradation, Intergenerational equity development.

PAPER-II
Indian Economy in Pre-Independence Era :

Land System and its changes, Commercialization of agriculture Drain theory, Laissez faire theory
and critique. Manufacture and Transport: Jute, Cotton, Railways, Money and Credit.

Indian Economy after Independence :

A. The Pre-Liberalization Era :

(i) Contribution of Vakil, Gadgil and V.K.R.V. Rao.

(ii)Agriculture: Land Reforms and land tenure system, Green Revolution and capital formation in
agriculture.

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(iii)Industry Trends in composition and growth, Role of public and private sector, Small scale and
cottage industries.

(iv)National and Per capita income : patterns, trends, aggregate and Sectoral composition and
changes therein.

(v) Broad factors determining National Income and distribution, Measures of poverty, Trends in
poverty and inequality.

B. The Post Liberalization Era :

(i)New Economic Reform and Agriculture: Agriculture and WTO, Food processing, subsidies,
Agricultural prices and public distribution system, Impact of public expenditure on agricultural
growth.

(ii)New Economic Policy and Industry: Strategy of industrialization, Privatization, Disinvestments,
Role of foreign direct investment and multinationals.

(iii)New Economic Policy and Trade: Intellectual property rights : Implications of TRIPS, TRIMS, GATS
and new EXIM policy.

(iv)New Exchange Rate Regime: Partial and full convertibility, Capital account convertibility.

(v)New Economic Policy and Public Finance : Fiscal Responsibility Act, Twelfth Finance Commission
and Fiscal Federalism and Fiscal Consolidation.

(vi)New Economic Policy and Monetary system. Role of RBI under the new regime.

(vii)Planning: From central Planning to indicative planning, Relation between planning and markets
for growth and decentralized planning: 73rd and 74th Constitutional amendments.

(viii)New Economic Policy and Employment: Employment and poverty, Rural wages, Employment
Generation, Poverty alleviation schemes, New Rural, Employment Guarantee Scheme.

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
PAPER-I

1. Circuits—Theory :

Circuit components; network graphs; KCL, KVL; Circuit analysis methods : nodal analysis, mesh
analysis; basic network theorems and applications; transient analysis : RL, RC and RLC circuits; sinusoidal
steady state analysis; resonant circuits; coupled circuits; balanced 3-phase circuits. Two-port networks.

2. Signals and Systems :

Representation of continuous-time and discrete-time signals and systems; LTI systems; convolution;
impulse response; time-domain analysis of LTI systems based on convolution and differential/difference
equations. Fourier transform, Laplace transform, Z-transform, Transfer function. Sampling and recovery of
signals DFT, FFT Processing of analog signals through discrete-time systems.

3. E.M. Theory :
Maxwell’s equations, wave propagation in bounded media. Boundary conditions, reflection and
refraction of plane waves. Transmission lines : travelling and standing waves, impedance matching, Smith
chart.
4. Analog Electronics :

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Characteristics and equivalent circuits (large and small-signal) of Diode, BJT, JFET and MOSFET.
Diode circuits : Clipping, clamping, rectifier. Biasing and bias stability. FET amplifiers. Current mirror;
Amplifiers : single and multi-stage, differential, operational feedback and power. Analysis of
amplifiers; frequency-response of amplifiers. OPAMP circuits. Filters; sinusoidal oscillators : criterion for
oscillation; single-transistor and OPAMP configurations. Function generators and wave-shaping circuits.
Linear and switching power supplies.
5. Digital Electronics :
Boolean algebra; minimisation of Boolean functions; logic gates; digital IC families (DTL, TTL, ECL,
MOS, CMOS). Combinational circuits : arithmetic circuits, code converters, multiplexers and decoders.
Sequential circuits: latches and flip-flops, counters and shift-registers. Comparators, timers, multivibrators.
Sample and hold circuits, ADCs and DACs. Semiconductor memories. Logic implementation using
programmable devices (ROM, PLA, FPGA).
6. Energy Conversion :
Principles of electromechanical energy conversion : Torque and emf in rotating machines. DC
machines : characteristics and performance analysis; starting and speed control of motors. Transformers :
principles of operation and analysis; regulation, efficiency; 3-phase transformers. 3-phase induction
machines and synchronous machines : characteristics and performance analysis; speed control.
7. Power Electronics and Electric Drives :
Semi-conductor power devices : diode, transistor, thyristor, triac, GTO and MOSFET-static
characteristics and principles of operation; triggering circuits; phase control rectifiers; bridge converters :
fully-controlled and half-controlled; principles of thyristor choppers and inverters; DC-DC converters;
Switch mode inverter; basic concepts of speed control of dc and ac motor drives applications of variable-
speed drives.
8. Analog Communication :
Random variables : continuous, discrete; probability, probability functions. Statistical averages;
probability models; Random signals and noise : white noise, noise equivalent bandwidth; signal
transmission with noise; signal to noise ratio. Linear CW modulation : Amplitude modulation : DSB, DSB-
SC and SSB. Modulators and Demodulators; Phase and Frequency modulation : PM & FM signals; narrows
band FM; generation & detection of FM and PM, Deemphasis, Preemphasis. CW modulation system :
Superhetrodyne receivers, AM receivers, communication receivers, FM receivers, phase locked loop, SSB
receiver Signal to noise ratio calculation or AM and FM receivers.

PAPER II
1. Control Systems :
Elements of control systems; block-diagram representations; open-loop & closed-loop systems;
principles and applications of feed-back. Control system components. LTI systems : time-domain and
transform-domain analysis. Stability : Routh Hurwitz criterion, root-loci, Bode-plots and polor plots,
Nyquist’s criterion; Design of lead-lad compensators. Proportional, PI, PID controllers. State-variable
representation and analysis of control systems.
2. Microprocessors and Microcomputers :
PC organisation; CPU, instruction set, register set timing diagram, programming, interrupts, memory
interfacing, I/O interfacing, programmable peripheral devices.

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3. Measurement and Instrumentation :
Error analysis; measurement of current voltage, power, energy, power-factor, resistance, inductance,
capacitance and frequency; bridge measurements. Signal conditioning circuit; Electronic measuring
instruments : multimeter, CRO, digital voltmeter, frequency counter, Q-meter, spectrum-analyser,
distortion-meter. Transducers : thermocouple, thermistor, LVDT, strain-guage, piezo-electric crystal.
4. Power Systems: Analysis and Control :
Steady-state performance of overhead transmission lines and cables; principles of active and reactive
power transfer and distribution; per-unit quantities; bus admittance and impedance matrices; load flow;
voltage control and power factor correction; economic operation; symmetrical components, analysis of
symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults. Concepts of system stability : swing curves and equal area criterion.
Static VAR system. Basic concepts of HVDC transmission.
5. Power System Protection :
Principles of overcurrent, differential and distance protection. Concept of solid state relays. Circuit
breakers. Computer aided protection : introduction; line, bus, generator, transformer protection; numeric
relays and application of DSP to protection.
6. Digital Communication :
Pulse code modulation (PCM), differential pulse code modulation (DPCM), delta modulation (DM),
Digital modulation and demodulation schemes : amplitude, phase and frequency keying schemes (ASK,
PSK, FSK). Error control coding : error detection and correction, linear block codes, convolution codes.
Information measure and source coding. Data networks, 7-layer architecture.

GEOGRAPHY
PAPER I
PRINCIPLES OF GEOGRAPHY
Physical Geography :
1. GEOMORPHOLOGY : Factors controlling landform development; endogenetic and exogenetic
forces; Origin and evolution of the earth’s crusts; Fundamentals of geomagnetism; Physical conditions of
the earth’s interior; Geosynclines; Continental drift; Isostasy; Plate tectonics; Recent views on mountain
building; Volcanicity; Earthquakes and Tsunamis; Concepts of geomorphic cycles and Land scape
development; Denudation chronology; Channel morphology; Erosion surfaces; Slope development; Applied
Geomorphology; Geomorphology, economic geology and environment.
2. Climatology : Temperature and pressure belts of the world; Heat budget of the earth; Atmospheric
circulation; Atmospheric stability and instability. Planetary and local winds; Monsoons and jet streams; Air
masses and fronts; Temperate and tropical cyclones; Types and distribution of precipitation; Weather and
Climate; Koppen’s Thornthwaite’s and Trewar Tha’s classification of world climate; Hydrological cycle;
Global climatic change, and role and response of man in climatic changes Applied climatology and Urban
climate.
3. Oceanography : Bottom topography of the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans; Temperature and
salinity of the oceans; Heat and salt budgets, Ocean deposits; Waves, currents and tides; Marine resources;
biotic, mineral and energy resources; Coral reefs coral bleaching; Sea-level changes; Law of the sea and
marine pollution.
4. Biogeography : Genesis of soils; Classification and distribution of soils; Soil profile; Soil erosion,

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Degradation and conservation; Factors influencing world distribution of plants and animals; Problems of
deforestation and conservation measures; Social forestry, agro-forestry; Wild life; Major gene pool centres.
5. Environmental Geography : Principle ecology; Human ecological adaptations; Influence of man on
ecology and environment; Global and regional ecological changes and imbalances; Ecosystem their
management and conservation; Environmental degradation, management and conservation; Biodiversity
and sustainable development; Environmental policy; Environmental hazards and remedial measures;
Environmental education and legislation.
Human Geography :
1. Perspectives in Human Geography : Areal differentiation; Regional synthesis; Dichotomy and
dualism; Environmentalism; Quantitative revolution and locational analysis; Radical, behavioural, human
and welfare approaches; Languages, religions and secularisation; Cultural regions of the world; Human
development index.
2. Economic Geography : World economic development: measurement and problems; World resources
and their distribution; Energy crisis; the limits to growth; World agriculture: typology of agricultural regions;
Agricultural inputs and productivity; Food and nutritions problems; Food security; famine: causes, effects
and remedies; World industries: location patterns and problems; Patterns of world trade.
3. Population and Settlement Geography : Growth and distribution of world population;
Demographic attributes; Causes and consequences of migration; Concepts of over-under-and
optimum population; Population theories, world population problems and policies, Social well-being and
quality of life; Population as social capital.
Types and patterns of rural settlements; Environmental issues in rural settlements; Hierarchy of
urban settlements; Urban morphology; Concept of primate city and rank-size rule; Functional classification
of towns; Sphere of urban influence; Rural-urban fringe; Satellite towns; Problems and remedies of
urbanization; Sustainable development of cities.
4. regional Planning : Concept of a region; Types of regions and methods of regionalisation; Growth
centres and growth poles; Regional imbalances; Regional development strategies; Environmental issues in
regional planning; Planning for sustainable development.
5. Models, Theories and Laws in Human Geography : System analysis in Human geography;
Malthusian, Marxian and demographic transition models; Central Place theories of Christaller and Losch;
Perroux and Boudeville; Von Thunen’s model of agricultural location; Weber’s model of industrial location;
Ostov’s model of stages of growth. Heart-land and Rimland theories; Laws of international boundaries and
frontiers.
PAPER II
GEOGRAPHY OF INDIA
1. Physical Setting : Space relationship of India with neighbouring countries; Structure and relief;
Drainage system and watersheds; Physiographic regions; Mechanism of Indian monsoons and rainfall
patterns; Tropical cyclones and western disturbances; Floods and droughts; Climatic regions; Natural
vegetation, Soil types and their distributions.
2. Resources : Land, surface and ground water, energy, minerals, biotic and marine resources,
Forest and wild life resources and their conservation; Energy crisis.
3. Agriculture : Infrastructure: irrigation, seeds, fertilizers, power; Institutional factors; land holdings,
land tenure and land reforms; Cropping pattern, agricultural productivity, agricultural intensity, crop
combination, land capability; Agro and social-forestry; Green revolution and its socio-economic and

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ecological implications; Significance of dry farming; Livestock resources and white revolution; Aqua-culture;
Sericulture, Agriculture and poultry; Agricultural regionalisation; Agro-climatic zones; Agro-ecological
regions.
4. Industry : Evolution of industries; Locational factors of cotton, jute, textile, iron and steel,
aluminium, fertiliser, paper, chemical and pharmaceutical, automobile, cottage and agro-based industries;
Industrial houses and complexes including public sector undertakings; Industrial regionalisation; New
industrial policy; Multinationals and liberalisation; Special Economic Zones; Tourism including ecotourism.
5. Transport, Communication and Trade : Road, railway, waterway, airway and pipeline net works
and their complementary roles in regional development; Growing importance of ports on national and foreign
trade; Trade balance; Trade Policy; Export processing zones; Developments in communication and
information technology and their impacts on economy and society; Indian space programme.
6. Cultural Setting : Historical Perspective of Indian Society; Racial linguistic and ethnic diversities;
religious minorities; Major tribes, tribal areas and their problems; Cultural regions; Growth, distribution
and density of population; Demographic attributes: sex-ratio, age structure, literacy rate, work-force,
dependency ratio, longevity; migration (inter-regional, intraregional and international) and associated
problems; Population problems and policies; Health indicators.
7. Settlements : Types, patterns and morphology of rural settlements; Urban developments;
Morphology of Indian cities; Functional classification of Indian cities; Conurbations and metropolitan
regions; Urban sprawl; Slums and asssociated problems; Town planning; Problems of urbanisation and
remedies.
8. Regional Development and Planning: Experience of regional planning in India; Five Year Plans;
Integrated rural development programmes; Panchayati Raj and decentralised planning; Command area
development; Watershed management; Planning for backward area, desert, drought-prone, hill tribal area
development; Multi-level planning; Regional planning and development of island territories.
9. Political Aspects : Geographical basis of Indian federalism; State reorganisation; Emergence of new
states; Regional consciousness and inter-state issues; International boundary of India and related issues;
Cross-border terrorism; India’s role in world affairs; Geopolitics of South Asia and Indian Ocean realm.
10. Contemporary Issues : Ecological issues: Environmental hazards: landslides, earthquakes,
Tsunamis, floods and droughts, epidemics; Issues related to environmental pollution; Changes in patterns
of land use; Principles of environmental impact assessment and environmental management; Population
explosion and food security; Environmental degradation; Deforestation, desertification and soil erosion;
Problems of agrarian and industrial unrest; Regional disparities in economic development; Concept of
sustainable growth and development; Environmental awareness; Linkage of rivers; Globalisation and Indian
economy.

NOTE : Candidates will be required to answer one compulsory map question pertinent to subjects
covered by this paper.

GEOLOGY

PAPER I

1. General Geology :
The Solar System, meteorites, origin and interior of the earth and age of earth; Volcanoes—causes
and products, Volcanic belts. Earthquakes—causes, effects, seismic of zone of India; Island arcs, trenches

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and mid-ocean ridges; Continental drift; Seafloor spreading, plate tectonics. Isostasy.

2. Geomorphology and Remote Sensing :
Basic concepts of geomorphology. Weathering and soil formations; Landforms, slopes and drainage.
Geomorphic cycles and their interpretation. Morphology and its relation to structures and lithology; Coastal
geomorphology; Applications of geomorphology in mineral prospecting, civil engineering; hydrology and
environmental studies; Geomorphology of Indian sub-continent.

Aerial photographs and their interpretation—merits and limitations; The Electromagnetic spectrum.
Orbiting Satellites and Sensor Systems. Indian Remote Sensing Satellites. Satellite data products;
Applications of remote sensing in geology; The Geographic Information System (GIS) and Global Positioning
System (GPS)—its applications.

3. Structural Geology :
Principles of geologic mapping and map reading, projection diagrams, Stress and strain ellipsoid and
stress-strain relationships of elastic, plastic and viscous materials; Strain markers in deformed rocks.
Behaviour of minerals and rocks under deformation conditions. Folds and faults classification and
mechanics; Structural analysis of folds, foliations, lineations, joints and faults, unconformities; Time-
relationship between crystallization and deformation.

4. Paleontology :
Species—definition and nomenclature; Megafossils and Microfossils. Modes of preservation of fossils;
Different kinds of microfossils; Application of microfossils in correlation, petroleum exploration,
paleoclimatic and paleoceanographic studies; Evolutionary trend in Hominidae, Equidae and Proboscidae.
Siwalik fauna.

Gondwana flora and fauna and its importance; Index fossils and their significance.

5. Indian Stratigraphy :
Classification of stratigraphic sequences: lithostrati-graphic, biostratigraphic, chrono-stratigraphic
and magnetostratigraphic and their interrelationships; Distribution and classification of Precambrian rocks
of India; Study of stratigraphic distribution and lithology of Phanerozoic rocks of India with reference to
fauna, flora and economic importance. Major boundary problems—Cambrian/ Precambrian,
Permian/Triassic, Cretaceous/Tertiary and Pliocene/Pleistocene; Study of climatic conditions,
paleogeography and igneous activity in the Indian sub-continent in the geological past. Tectonic framework
of India. Evolution of the Himalayas.

6. Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology :
Hydrologic cycle and genetic classification of water; Movement of subsurface water; Springs;
Porosity, permeability, hydraulic conductivity, transmissivity and storage coefficient, classification of
aquifers; Water-bearing characteristics of rocks; Groundwater chemistry. Salt water intrusion. Types of
wells. Drainage basin morphometry; Exploration for groundwater; Groundwater recharge; Problems and
management of groundwater; Rainwater harvesting; Engineering properties of rocks; Geological
investigations for dams, tunnels highways, railway and bridges; Rock as construction material; Landslides
causes, prevention and rehabilitation; Earthquake-resistant structures.

PAPER II

1. Mineralogy :
Classification of crystals into systems and classes of symmetry; International system of
crystallographic notation; Use of projection diagrams to represent crystal symmetry; Elements of X-ray

69

crystallography.

Physical and chemical characters of rock forming silicate mineral groups; Structural classification
of silicates; Common minerals of igneous and metamorphic rocks; Minerals of the carbonate, phosphate,
sulphide and halide groups; Clay minerals.

Optical properties of common rock forming minerals; Pleochroism, extinction angle, double
refraction, birefringence, twinning and dispersion in minerals.

2. Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology :
Generation and crystallisation of magmas. Crystallisation of albite—anorthite, diopside—anorthite
and diopside—wollastonite—silica systems. Bowen's Reaction Principle; Magmatic differentiation and
assimilation. Petrogenetic significance of the textures and structures of igneous rocks. Petrography and
petrogenesis of granite, syenite, diorite, basic and ultrabasic groups, charnockite, anorthosite and alkaline
rocks. Carbonatites. Deccan volcanic province.
Types and agents of metamorphism. Metamorphic grades and zones; Phase rule. Facies of regional
and contact metamorphism; ACF and AKF diagrams; Textures and structures of metamorphic rocks.
Metamorphism of arenaceous, argillaceous and basic rocks; Minerals assemblages. Retrograde
metamorphism; Metasomatism and granitisation, migmatites. Granulite terrains of India.
3. Sedimentary Petrology :
Sedimentas and Sedimentary rocks: Processes of formation; digenesis and lithification; Clastic and
non-clastic rocks-their classification, petrography and depositional environment; Sedimentary facies and
provenance. Sedimentary structures and their significance. Heavy minerals and their significance.
Sedimentary basins of India.
4. Economic Geology :
Ore, ore mineral and gangue, tenor of ore. Classification of ore deposits; Processes of formation of
mineral deposits; Controls of ore localisation; Ore textures and structures; Metallogenic epochs and
provinces; Geology of the important Indian deposits of aluminium, chromium, copper, gold, iron, lead, zinc,
manganese, titanium, uranium and thorium and industrial minerals; Deposits of coal and petroleum in
India, National Mineral Policy; Conservation and utilization of mineral resources. Marine mineral resources
and Law of Sea.
5. Mining Geology :
Methods of prospecting—geological, geophysical, geochemical and geobotanical; Techniques of
sampling. Estimation of reserves of ore; Methods of exploration and mining-metallic ores, industrial
minerals, marine mineral resources and building stones. Mineral beneficiation and ore dressing.
6. Geochemistry and Environmental Geology :
Cosmic abundance of elements. Composition of the planets and meteorites. Structure and
composition of earth and distribution of elements. Trace elements. Elements of crystal chemistry-types of
chemical bonds, coordination number. Isomorphism and polymorphism. Elementary thermodynamics.
Natural hazards—floods, mass wasting, costal hazards, earthquakes and volcanic activity and mitigation;
Environmental impact of urbanization, mining, industrial and radioactive waste disposal, use of fertilizers,
dumping of mine waste and fly-ash. Pollution of ground and surface water, marine pollution. Environment
protection—legislative measures in India; Sea level changes: causes and impact.

HISTORY

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PAPER I
1. Sources
Archaeological sources :
Exploration, excavation, epigraphy, numismatics, monuments.
Literary sources:
Indigenous: Primary and secondary; poetry, scientific literature, literature, literature in regional languages,
religious literature.
Foreign account: Greek, Chinese and Arab writers.
2. Pre-history and Proto-history :
Geographical factors; hunting and gathering (paleolithic and mesolithic); Beginning of agriculture (neolithic
and chalcolithic).
3. Indus Valley Civilization :
Origin, date, extent, characteristics-decline, survival and significance, art and architecture.
4. Megalithic Cultures :
Distribution of pastoral and farming cultures outside the Indus, Development of community life,
Settlements, Development of agriculture, Crafts, Pottery, and Iron industry.
5. Aryans and Vedic Period :

Expansions of Aryans in India :

Vedic Period: Religious and philosophic literature; Transformation from Rig Vedic period to the later Vedic
period; Political, social and economical life; Significance of the Vedic Age; Evolution of Monarchy and Varna
system.

6. Period of Mahajanapadas :

Formation of States (Mahajanapada): Republics and monarchies; Rise of urban centres; Trade routes;
Economic growth; Introduction of coinage; Spread of Jainism and Buddhism; Rise of Magadha and Nandas.

Iranian and Mecedonian invasions and their impact.

7. Mauryan Empire :

Foundation of the Mauryan Empire, Chandragupta, Kautilya and Arthashastra; Ashoka; Concept of
Dharma; Edicts; Polity, Administration, Economy; Art, architecture and sculpture; External contacts;
Religion; Spread of religion; Literature.

Disintegration of the empire; sungas and Kanvas.

8. Post-Mauryan Period (Indo-Greeks, Sakas, Kushanas, Western Kshatrapas) :

Contact with outside world; growth of urban centres, economy, coinage, development of religions,
Mahayana, social conditions, art, architecture, culture, literature and science.

9. Early State and Society in Eastern India, Deccan and South India:

Kharavela, The Satavahanas, Tamil States of the Sangam Age; Administration, Economy, land grants,
coinage, trade guilds and urban centres; Buddhist centres; Sangam literature and culture; Art and
architecture.

10. Guptas, Vakatakas and Vardhanas:

Polity and administration, Economic conditions, Coinage of the Guptas, Land grants, Decline of urban

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centres, Indian feudalism, Caste system, Position of women, Education and educational institutions;
Nalanda, Vikramshila and Vallabhi, Literature, scientific literature, art and architecture.

11. Regional States during Gupta Era:

The Kadambas, Pallavas, Chalukyas of Badami; Polity and Administration, Trade guilds, Literature; growth
of Vaishnava and Saiva religions. Tamil Bhakti movement, Shankaracharya; Vedanta; Institutions of temple
and temple architecture; Palas, Senas, Rashtrakutas, Paramaras, Polity and administration; Cultural
aspects. Arab conquest of Sind; Alberuni, The Chaluky as of Kalyana, Cholas, Hoysalas, Pandyas; Polity
and Administration; Local Government; Growth of art and architecture, religious sects, Institution of temple
and Mathas, Agraharas, education and literature, economy and society.

12. Themes in Early Indian Cultural History:

Languages and texts, major stages in the evolution of art and architecture, major philosophical thinkers
and schools, ideas in Science and Mathematics.

13. Early Medieval India, 750-1200:

— Polity: Major political developments in Northern India and the peninsula, origin and the rise of Rajputs.

— The Cholas: administration, village economy and society “Indian Feudalism”.

— Agrarian economy and urban settlements.

— Trade and commerce.

— Society: the status of the Brahman and the new social order.

— Condition of women.

— Indian science and technology.

14. Cultural Traditions in India, 750-1200:

— Philosophy: Shankaracharya and Vedanta, Ramanuja and Vishishtadvaita, Madhva and Brahma-
Mimansa.

— Religion: Forms and features of religion, Tamil devotional cult, growth of Bhakti, Islam and its arrival
in India, Sufism.

— Literature: Literature in Sanskrit, growth of Tamil literature, literature in the newly developing
languages, Kalhan's Rajtarangini, Alberuni's India.

— Art and Architecture: Temple architecture, sculpture, painting.

15. The Thirteenth Century:

— Establishment of the Delhi Sultanate: The Ghurian invasions - factors behind Ghurian success.

— Economic, Social and cultural consequences.

— Foundation of Delhi Sultanate and early Turkish Sultans.

— Consolidation: The rule of Iltutmish and Balban.

16. The Fourteenth Century:

— “The Khalji Revolution”.

— Alauddin Khalji: Conquests and territorial expansion, agrarian and economic measure.

— Muhammad Tughluq: Major projects, agrarian measures, bureaucracy of Muhammad Tughluq.

— Firuz Tugluq: Agrarian measures, achievements in civil engineering and public works, decline of the

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Sultanate, foreign contacts and Ibn Battuta's account.

17. Society, Culture and Economy in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries:

— Society: composition of rural society, ruling classes, town dwellers, women, religious classes, caste and
slavery under the Sultanate, Bhakti movement, Sufi movement.

— Culture: Persian literature, literature in the regional languages of North India, literature in the
languages of South India, Sultanate architecture and new structural forms, painting, evolution of a
composite culture.

— Economy: Agricultural Production, rise of urban economy and non-agricultural production, trade and
commerce.

18. The Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth Century-Political Developments and Economy:

— Rise of Provincial Dynasties : Bengal, Kashmir (Zainul Abedin), Gujarat.

— Malwa, Bahmanids.

— The Vijayanagara Empire.

— Lodis.

— Mughal Empire, first phase : Babur, Humayun.

— The Sur Empire : Sher Shah’s administration.

— Portuguese colonial enterprise, Bhakti and Sufi Movements.

19. The Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth Century- Society and culture:

— Regional cultures specificities.

— Literary traditions.

— Provincial architectural.

— Society, culture, literature and the arts in Vijayanagara Empire.

20. Akbar:

— Conquests and consolidation of empire.

— Establishment of jagir and mansab systems.

— Rajput policy.

— Evolution of religious and social outlook. Theory of Sulh-i-kul and religious policy.

— Court patronage of art and technology.

21. Mughal Empire in the Seventeenth Century:

— Major administrative policies of Jahangir, Shahjahan and Aurangzeb.

— The Empire and the Zamindars.

— Religious policies of Jahangir, Shahjahan and Aurangzeb.

— Nature of the Mughal State.

— Late Seventeenth Century crisis and the revolts.

— The Ahom kingdom.

— Shivaji and the early Maratha Kingdom.

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22. Economy and society, in the 16th and 17th Centuries:

— Population Agricultural and craft production.

— Towns, commerce with Europe through Dutch, English and French companies : a trade revolution.

— Indian mercantile classes. Banking, insurance and credit systems.

— Conditions of peasants, Condition of Women.

— Evolution of the Sikh community and the Khalsa Panth.

23. Culture during Mughal Empire:

— Persian histories and other literature.

— Hindi and religious literatures.

— Mughal architecture.

— Mughal painting.

— Provincial architecture and painting.

— Classical music.

— Science and technology.

24. The Eighteenth Century:

— Factors for the decline of the Mughal Empire.

— The regional principalities: Nizam’s Deccan, Bengal, Awadh.

— Maratha ascendancy under the Peshwas.

— The Maratha fiscal and financial system.

— Emergence of Afghan power Battle of Panipat, 1761.

— State of, political, cultural and economic, on eve of the British conquest.

PAPER-II

1. European Penetration into India:

The Early European Settlements; The Portuguese and the Dutch; The English and the French East
India Companies; Their struggle for supremacy; Carnatic Wars; Bengal-The conflict between the English
and the Nawabs of Bengal; Siraj and the English; The Battle of Plassey; Significance of Plassey.

2. British Expansion in India:

Bengal-Mir Jafar and Mir Kasim; The Battle of Buxar; Mysore; The Marathas; The three Anglo-Maratha
Wars; The Punjab.

3. Early Structure of the British Raj:

The Early administrative structure; From diarchy to direct control; The Regulating Act (1773); The Pitt's
India Act (1784); The Charter Act (1833); The Voice of free trade and the changing character of British
colonial rule; The English utilitarian and India.

4. Economic Impact of British Colonial Rule:

(a) Land revenue settlements in British India; The Permanent Settlement; Ryotwari Settlement; Mahalwari
Settlement; Economic impact of the revenue arrangements; Commercialization of agriculture; Rise of

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landless agrarian labourers; Impoverishment of the rural society.

(b) Dislocation of traditional trade and commerce; De-industrialisation; Decline of traditional crafts; Drain
of wealth; Economic transformation of India; Railroad and communication network including telegraph and
postal services; Famine and poverty in the rural interior; European business enterprise and its limitations.

5. Social and Cultural Developments:
The state of indigenous education, its dislocation; Orientalist-Anglicist controversy, The introduction
of western education in India; The rise of press, literature and public opinion; The rise of modern vernacular
literature; Progress of Science; Christian missionary activities in India.
6. Social and Religious Reform Movements in Bengal and Other Areas:
Ram Mohan Roy, The Brahmo Movement; Devendranath Tagore; Iswarchandra Vidyasagar; The Young
Bengal Movement; Dayananda Saraswati; The social reform movements in India including Sati, widow
remarriage, child marriage etc.; The contribution of Indian renaissance to the growth of modern India;
Islamic revivalism-the Feraizi and Wahabi Movements.
7. Indian Response to British Rule:
Peasant movement and tribal uprisings in the 18th and 19th centuries including the Rangpur Dhing
(1783), the Kol Rebellion (1832), the Mopla Rebellion in Malabar (1841-1920), the Santal Hul (1855), Indigo
Rebellion (1859-60), Deccan Uprising (1875) and the Munda Ulgulan (1899-1900); The Great Revolt of 1857
—Origin, character, causes of failure, the consequences; The shift in the character of peasant uprisings in
the post-1857 period; the peasant movements of the 1920s and 1930s.
8. Factors leading to the birth of Indian Nationalism; Politics of Association; The Foundation of the Indian
National Congress; The Safety-valve thesis relating to the birth of the Congress; Programme and objectives
of Early Congress; the social composition of early Congress leadership; the Moderates and Extremists; The
Partition of Bengal (1905); The Swadeshi Movement in Bengal; the economic and political aspects of
Swadeshi Movement; The beginning of revolutionary extremism in India.
9. Rise of Gandhi; Character of Gandhian nationalism; Gandhi's popular appeal; Rowlatt Satyagraha; the
Khilafat Movement; the Non-cooperation Movement; National politics from the end of the Non-cooperation
movement to the beginning of the Civil Disobedience Movement; the two phases of the Civil Disobedience
Movement; Simon Commission; The Nehru Report; the Round Table Conferences; Nationalism and the
Peasant Movements; Nationalism and Working class movements; Women and Indian youth and students in
Indian politics (1885-1947); the election of 1937 and the formation of ministries; Cripps Mission; the Quit
India Movement; the Wavell Plan; The Cabinet Mission.
10. Constitutional Developments in the Colonial India between 1858 and 1935.
11. Other strands in the National Movement.
The Revolutionaries: Bengal, the Punjab, Maharashtra, U.P. the Madras Presidency, Outside India.
The Left; The Left within the Congress: Jawaharlal Nehru, Subhas Chandra Bose, the Congress
Socialist Party; the Communist Party of India, other left parties.
12. Politics of Separatism; the Muslim League; the Hindu Mahasabha; Communalism and the politics of
partition; Transfer of power; Independence.
13. Consolidation as a Nation; Nehru's Foreign Policy; India and her neighbours (1947-1964); The linguistic
reorganisation of States (1935-1947); Regionalism and regional inequality; Integration of Princely States;
Princes in electoral politics; the Question of National Language.
14. Caste and Ethnicity after 1947; Backward Castes and Tribes in post-colonial electoral politics; Dalit

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movements.
15. Economic development and political change; Land reforms; the politics of planning and rural
reconstruction; Ecology and environmental policy in post-colonial India; Progress of Science.
16. Enlightenment and Modern ideas:
(i) Major Ideas of Enlightenment : Kant, Rousseau.
(ii) Spread of Enlightenment in the colonies.
(iii) Rise of socialist ideas (up to Marx); spread of Marxian Socialism.
17. Origins of Modern Politics :
(i) European States System.
(ii) American Revolution and the Constitution.
(iii) French Revolution and Aftermath, 1789-1815.
(iv) American Civil War with reference to Abraham Lincoln and the abolition of slavery.
(v) British Democratic politics, 1815-1850 : Parliamentary Reformers, Free Traders, Chartists.
18. Industrialization :

(i) English Industrial Revolution : Causes and Impact on Society.

(ii) Industrialization in other countries : USA, Germany, Russia, Japan.

(iii) Industrialization and Globalization.

19. Nation-State System :

(i) Rise of Nationalism in 19th century.

(ii) Nationalism : State-building in Germany and Italy.

(iii) Disintegration of Empires in the face of the emergence of nationalities across the World.

20. Imperialism and Colonialism :

(i) South and South-East Asia.

(ii) Latin America and South Africa.

(iii) Australia.

(iv) Imperialism and free trade: Rise of neo-imperialism.

21. Revolution and Counter-Revolution :

(i) 19th Century European revolutions.

(ii) The Russian Revolution of 1917-1921.

(iii) Fascist Counter-Revolution, Italy and Germany.

(iv) The Chinese Revolution of 1949.

22. World Wars :

(i) 1st and 2nd World Wars as Total Wars : Societal implications.

(ii) World War I : Causes and Consequences.

(iii) World War II : Causes and Consequences.

23. The World after World War II:

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(i) Emergence of Two power blocs.

(ii) Emergence of Third World and non-alignment.

(iii) UNO and the global disputes.

24. Liberation from Colonial Rule :

(i) Latin America-Bolivar.

(ii) Arab World-Egypt.

(iii) Africa-Apartheid to Democracy.

(iv) South-East Asia-Vietnam.

25. Decolonization and Underdevelopment :

(i) Factors constraining Development ; Latin America, Africa.

26. Unification of Europe :

(i) Post War Foundations ; NATO and European Community.

(ii) Consolidation and Expansion of European Community

(iii) European Union.

27. Disintegration of Soviet Union and the Rise of the Unipolar World :

(i) Factors leading to the collapse of Soviet Communism and Soviet Union, 1985-1991.

(ii) Political Changes in East Europe 1989-2001.

(iii) End of the Cold War and US Ascendancy in the World as the lone superpower.

LAW
PAPER-I
Constitutional and administrative Law :
1. Constitution and Constitutionalism:The distinctive features of the Constitution.
2. Fundamental Rights—Public interest litigation; Legal Aid; Legal services authority.
3. Relationship between Fundamental rights, Directive principles and Fundamental duties.
4. Constitutional Position of the President and relation with the Council of Ministers.
5. Governor and his powers.
6. Supreme Court and the High Courts:
(a) Appointments and transfer.
(b) Powers, functions and jurisdiction.
7. Centre, States and local bodies:
(a) Distribution of legislative powers between the Union and the States.
(b)Local Bodies.
(c)Administrative relationship among Union, State and Local Bodies.
(d)Eminent domain-State property-common property-community property.
8. Legislative powers, privileges and immunities.

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9. Services under the Union and the States:
(a)Recruitment and conditions of services; Constitutional safeguards; Administrative tribunals.
(b)Union Public Service Commission and State Public Service Commissions—Power and functions.
(c)Election Commission—Power and functions.
10. Emergency provisions.
11. Amendment of the Constitution.
12. Principle of Natural Justice—Emerging trends and judicial approach.
13. Delegated legislation and its constitutionality.
14. Separation of powers and constitutional governance.
15. Judicial review of administrative action.
16. Ombudsman: Lokayukta, Lokpal etc.
International Law :
1. Nature and Definition of International Law.
2. Relationship between International Law and Municipal Law.
3. State Recognition and State Succession.
4. Law of the sea: Inland Waters,Territorial Sea, Contiguous Zone, Continental Shelf, Exclusive
Economic Zone and High Seas.
5. Individuals: Nationality, statelessness; Human Rights and procedures available for their
enforcement.
6. Territorial jurisdiction of States, Extradition and Asylum.
7. Treaties : Formation, application, termination and reservation.
8. United Nations : Its principal organs, powers and functions and reform.
9. Peaceful settlement of disputes—different modes.
10. Lawful recourse to force : aggressions, self-defence, intervention.
11. Fundamental principles of international humanitarian law—International conventions and
contemporary developments.
12. Legality of the use of nuclear weapons; ban on testing of nuclear weapons; Nuclear non- proliferation
treaty, CTST.
13. International Terrorism, State sponsored terrorism, Hijacking, International Criminal Court.
14. New International Economic Order and Monetary Law : WTO, TRIPS, GATT, IMF, World Bank.
15. Protection and Improvement of the Human Environment : International Efforts.
PAPER II
Law of Crimes :—
1. General principles of Criminal liability : mens rea and actus reus, mens rea in statutory offences.
2. Kinds of punishment and emerging trends as to abolition of capital punishment.
3. Preparations and criminal attempt.
4. General exceptions.

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5. Joint and constructive liability.
6. Abetment.
7. Criminal conspiracy.
8. Offences against the State.
9. Offences against public tranquility.
10. Offences against human body.
11. Offences against property.
12. Offences against women.
13. Defamation.
14. Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988.
15. Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955 and subsequent legislative developments.
16. Plea bargaining.
Law of Torts
1. Nature and definition.
2. Liability based upon fault and strict liability; Absolute liability.
3. Vicarious liability including State Liability.
4. General defences.
5. Joint tort fessors.
6. Remedies.
7. Negligence.
8. Defamation.
9. Nuisance.
10. Conspiracy.
11. False imprisonment.
12. Malicious prosecution.
13. Consumer Protection Act, 1986.
Law of Contracts and Mercantile Law
1. Nature and formation of contract/E-contract.
2. Factors vitiating free consent.
3. Void, voidable, illegal and unenforceable agreements.
4. Performance and discharge of contracts.
5. Quasi-contracts.
6. Consequences of breach of contract.
7. Contract of indemnity, guarantee and insurance.
8. Contract of agency.
9. Sale of goods and hire purchase.

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10. Formation and dissolution of partnership.
11. Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881.
12. Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996.
13. Standard form contracts.
Contemporary Legal Developments
1. Public Interest Litigation.
2. Intellectual property rights—Concept, types/prospects.
3. Information Technology Law including Cyber Laws—Concept, purpose/prospects.
4. Competition Law—Concept, purpose/prospects.
5. Alternate Dispute Resolution—Concept, types/prospects.
6. Major statutes concerning environmental law.
7. Right to Information Act.
8. Trial by media.
Literature of the following languages :
NOTE (i).—A candidate may be required to answer some or all the Questions in the language
concerned.

NOTE (ii).—In regard to the languages included in the Eighth Schedule to Constitution, the scripts
will be the same as indicated in Section II (B) of Appendix I relating to the Main Examination.

NOTE (iii).—Candidates should note that the questions not required to be answered in a specific
language will have to be answered in the language medium indicated by them for answering papers
on Essay, General Studies and Optional Subjects.

ASSAMESE
PAPER I
[Answers must be written in Assamese]
Section A
Language

(a) History of the origin and development of the Assamese Language —its position amongthe Indo-Aryan
language—periods in its history.
(b) Development of Assamese prose.
(c) Vowels and consonants of the Assamese Language—Rules of phonetic changes with stress on
Assamese coming down from Old Indo-Aryan.
(d) Assamese vocabulary—and its sources.
(e) Morphology of the language—conjugation—enclitic definitives and pleonastic suffixes.

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(f) Dilectical divergences—the Standard colloquial and the Kamrupi dialect in particular.
(g) Assamese script—its evolution through the ages till 19th century A.D.

Section B
Literary Criticism and Literary History
(a) Principles of literary criticism up to New criticism.
(b) Different literary genres.
(c) Development of literary forms in Assamese.

(d) Development of literary criticism in Assamese.
(e) Periods of the literary history of Assam from the earliest beginnings, i.e. from the period of the
charyyageeta with their socio-cultural background : the proto Assamese Pre-Sankaradeva—
Sankaradeva—Post-Sankaradeva—Modern period (from the coming of the Britishers)—Post-
Independence period. Special emphasis is to be given on the Vaisnavite period, the gonaki and the
post-independence periods.

PAPER II

This paper will require first-hand reading of the texts prescribed and will be designed to test the candidate’s
critical ability.

[Answers must be written in Assamese]

Section A

Râmâyana (Ayodhyâ Kânda —by Madhava Kandali only)

Pârijât-Harana —by Sankaradeva.

Râsakrîdâ —by Sankaradeva (From Kirtana Ghosa)

Bârgeet —by Madhavadeva.

Râjasûya —by Madhavadeva.

Kathâ-Bhâgavata(Books I and II) —by Baikurthanath Bhattacharyya.

Gurucarit-Kathâ (Sankaradeva’s Part only) —ed. by Maheswar Neog.

SECTION B

Mor Jeevan Soñwaran —by Lakshminath Bezbaroa.

Kripâbar BorbaruârKakatar Topola —by Lakshminath Bezbaroa.

Pratimâ —by Chandra KumarAgarwalla.

Gâonburhâ —by Padmanath GohainBarua.

Manomatî —by Rajanikanta Bordoloi.

Purani Asamîyâ Sâhitya —by Banikanta Kakati.

Kârengar Ligirî —by Jyotiprasad Agarwalla

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Jeevanar Bâtat —by Bina Barva(BirinchiKumar Barua)

Mrityunjoy —by Birendrakumar Bhattacharyya

Samrât —by Navakanta Barua

BENGALI

PAPER 1

History of Language and Literature.

[Answers must be written in Bengali]

Section A : Topics from the History of Bangla language

1. The chronological track from Proto Indo-European to Bangla (Family tree with branches and
approximate dates).

2. Historical stages of Bangla (Old, Middle, New) and their linguistic features.

3. Dialects of Bangla and their distinguishing characteristics.

4. Elements of Bangla Vocabulary.

5. Forms of Bangla Literary Prose—Sadhu and Chalit.

6. Processes of language change relevant for Bangla :

Apinihiti (Anaptyxis), Abhishruti (umlaut), Murdhanyibhavan (cerebralization), Nasikyibhavan
(Nasalization), Samibhavan (Assimilation), Sadrishya (Analogy), Svaragama (Vowel insertion) —Adi
Svaragama, Madhya Svaragama or Svarabhakti, Antya Svaragama, Svarasangati (Vowel harmony),
y—shruti and w—shruti.

7. Problems of standardization and reform of alphabet and spelling, and those of transliteration and
Romanization.

8. Phonology, Morphology and Syntax of Modern Bangla.

(Sounds of Modern Bangla, Conjuncts; word formations, compounds; basic sentence patterns.)

Section B : Topics from the History of Bangla Literature.

1. Periodization of Bangla Literature : Old Bangla and Middle Bangla.

2. Points of difference between modern and pre-modern Bangla Literature.

3. Roots and reasons behind the emergence of modernity in Bangla Literature.

4. Evolution of various Middle Bangla forms ; Mangal Kavyas, Vaishnava lyrics, Adapted narratives
(Ramayana, Mahabharata, Bhagavata) and religious biographies.

5. Secular forms in middle Bangla literature.

6. Narrative and lyric trends in the nineteenth century Bangla poetry.

7. Development of prose.

8. Bangla dramatic literature (nineteenth century, Tagore, Post-1944 Bangla drama).

9. Tagore and post-Tagoreans.

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10. Fiction, major authors :

Bankimchandra, Tagore, Saratchandra, Bibhutibhusan, Tarasankar, Manik ).

11. Women and Bangla literature : creators and created.

PAPER II

Prescribed texts for close study

[Answers must be written in Bengali]

Section A

1. Vaishnava Padavali (Calcutta University)

Poems of Vidyapati, Chandidas, Jnanadas, Govindadas and Balaramdas.

2. Chandimangal Kalketu episode by Mukunda (Sahitya Akademi).

3. Chaitanya Charitamrita, Madhya Lila by Krishnadas Kaviraj (Sahitya Akademi).

4. Meghnadbadh Kavya by Madhusudan Dutta.

5. Kapalkundala by Bankimchandra Chatterjee.

6. Samya and Bangadesher Krishak by Bankimchandra Chatterjee.

7. Sonar Tari by Rabindranath Tagore.

8. Chhinnapatravali by Rabindranath Tagore.

Section B

9. Raktakarabi by Rabindranath Tagore.

10. Nabajatak by Rabindranath Tagore.

11. Grihadaha by Saratchandra Chatterjee.

12. Prabandha Samgraha, Vol. 1, by Pramatha Choudhuri.

13. Aranyak by Bibhutibhusan Banerjee.

14. Short stories by Manik Bandyopadhyay : Atashi Mami, Pragaitihasik, Holud-Pora, Sarisrip,
Haraner Natjamai, Chhoto-Bokulpurer Jatri, Kustharogir Bou, Jakey Ghush Ditey Hoy.

15. Shrestha Kavita by Jibanananda Das.

16. Jagori by Satinath Bhaduri.

17. Ebam Indrajit by Badal Sircar.

BODO

PAPER I

History of Bodo Language and Literature

[Answers must be written in Bodo]

Section A

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History of Bodo Language

1. Homeland, language family, its present status and its mutual contact with Assamese.

2. (a) phonemes : Vowel and Consonant Phonemes.

(b) Tones.

3. Morphology : Gender, Case and Case endings, Plural suffix, Definitives, Verbal suffix.

4. Vocabulary and its sources.

5. Syntax : Types of sentences, Word Order.

6. History of scripts used in writing Bodo Language since inception.

Section B

History of Bodo Literature

1. General introduction of Bodo folk Literature.

2. Contribution of the Missionaries.

3. Periodization of Bodo Literature.

4. Critical analysis of different genre (Poetry, Novel, Short Story and Drama).

5. Translation Literature.

Paper II

The paper will require first-hand reading of the texts prescribed and will be designed to test the
critical ability of the candidates.

(Answers must be written in Bodo)

Section A

(a) Khonthai-Methai
(Edited by Madaram Brahma & Rupnath Brahma)

(b) Hathorkhi-Hala
(Edited by Pramod Chandra Brahma)

(c) Boroni Gudi Sibsa Arw Aroz : Madaram Brahma

(d) Raja Nilambar : Dwarendra Nath Basumatary

(e) Bibar (prose section)
(Edited by Satish Chandra Basumatary).

Section B

(a) Bibi Bithai (Aida Nwi) : Bihuram Boro

(b) Radab : Samar Brahma Chaudhury

(c) Okhrang Gongse Nangou : Brajendra Kumar Brahma

(d) Baisagu Arw Harimu : Laksheswar Brahma

(e) Gwdan Boro : Manoranjan Lahary

(f) Jujaini Or : Chittaranjan Muchahary

(g) Mwihoor : Dharanidhar Wary

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(h) Hor Badi Khwmsi : Kamal Kumar Brahma

(i) Jaolia Dewan : Mangal Singh Hozowary

(j) Hagra Guduni Mwi : Nilkamal Brahma

DOGRI
PAPER I
HISTORY OF DOGRI LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE
(Answers must be written in Dogri)
Section A
History of Dogri Language
1. Dogri language: Origin and development through different stages.
2. Linguistic boundaries of Dogri and its dialects.
3. Characteristic features of Dogri Language.
4. Structure of Dogri Language:
(a) Sound Structure:
Segmental : Vowels and Consonants
Non-segmental : Length, Stress, Nasalization, Tone and Junture.
(b) Morphology of Dogri:
(i) Inflection Categories: Gender, Number, Case, Person, Tense and Voice.
(ii) Word Formation; use of prefixes, infixes and suffixes.
(iii) Vocabulary: tatsam, tadbhav, foreign and regional.
(c) Sentence Structure; Major Sentence-types and their constituents, agreement and concord in Dogri
syntax.
5. Dogri Language and Scripts: Dogre/Dogra Akkhar, Devanagari and Persia.
Section B
History of Dogri Language
1. A brief account of Pre-independence Dogri Literature: Poetry & Prose.
2. Development of modern Dogri Poetry and main trends in Dogri Poetry.
3. Development of Dogri short-story, main trends and prominent short-story writers.
4. Development of Dogri Novel, main trends and contribution of Dogri Novelists.
5. Development of Dogri Drama and contribution of prominent playwrights.
6. Development of Dogri Prose; Essays, Memoirs and travelogues.
7. An introduction to Dogri Folk Literature—Folk songs, Folk tales 7 Ballads.

PAPER -II
TEXTUAL CRITICISM OF DOGRI LITERATURE
(Answers must be written in Dogri)

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Section A
Poetry
1. Azadi Paihle Di Dogri Kavita
The following poets:
Devi Ditta, Lakkhu, Ganga Ram, Ramdhan, Hardutt, Pahari Gandhi Baba Kanshi Ram & Permanand
Almast
2. Modern Dogri Poetry
Azadi Bad Di Dogri Kavita
The following poets :
Kishan Smailpuri, Tara Smailpuri, Mohan Lal Sapolia, Yash Sharma, K.S. Madhukar, Padma Sachdev,
Jitendra Udhampuri, Charan Singh and Prakash Premi
3. Sheeraza Dogri Number 102, Ghazal Ank
The following poets :
Ram Lal Sharma, Ved Pal Deep, N.D. Jamwal, Shiv Ram Deep, Ashwini Magotra and Virendra Kesar
4. Sheeraza Dogri Number 147, Ghazal Ank
The following poets:
R.N. Shastri, Jitendra Udhampuri, Champa Sharma and Darshan Darshi.
5. Ramayan (Epic) by Shambhu Nath Sharma (up to Ayodhya Kand)
6. Veer Gulab (Khand Kavya) by Dinoo Bhai Pant.
Section B
Prose
1. Ajakani Dogri Kahani
The following Short Story Writers :
Madan Mohan Sharma, Narendra Khajuri and B.P. Sathe
2. Ajakani Dogri Kahani Part-II
The following Short Story Writers :
Ved Rahi, Narsingh Dev Jamwal, Om Goswami, Chahttrapal, Lalit Magotra, Chaman Arora and Ratan
Kesar.
3. Khatha Kunj Bhag II
The following Story Writers :
Om Vidyarthi, Champa Sharma and Krishan Sharma.
4. Meel Patthar (collection of short stories) by Bandhu Sharma.
5. Kaiddi (Novel) by Desh Bandhu Dogra Nutan.
6. Nanga Rukkh (Novel) by O.P. Sharma Sarathi.
7. Nayaan (Drama) by Mohan Singh.
8. Satrang (A collection of one act plays).
The following play wrights :
Vishwa Nath Khajuria, Ram Nath Shastri, Jitendra Sharma, Lalit Magotra and Madan Mohan Sharma.

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9. Dogri Lalit Nibandh
The following authors:
Vishwa Nath Khajuria, Narayan Mishra, Balkrishan Shastri, Shiv Nath, Shyam Lal Sharma, Lakshmi
Narayan, D.C. Prashant, Ved Ghai, Kunwar Viyogi.
ENGLISH
The syllabus consists of two papers, designed to test a first-hand and critical reading of texts prescribed
from the following periods in English Literature : Paper 1 : 1600-1900 and Paper 2 : 1900–1990.
There will be two compulsory questions in each paper : (a) A short-notes question related to the topics for
general study, and (b) A critical analysis of UNSEEN passages both in prose and verse.
PAPER I
(Answers must be written in English)
Texts for detailed study are listed below. Candidates will also be required to show adequate knowledge
of the following topics and movements :
The Renaissance; Elizabethan and Jacobean Drama; Metaphysical Poetry; The Epic and the Mock-epic; Neo-
classicism; Satire; The Romantic Movement; The Rise of the Novel; The Victorian Age.
Section A
1. William Shakespeare : King Lear and The Tempest.
2. John Donne. The following poems :
–Canonization;
–Death be not proud;
–The Good Morrow;
–On his Mistress going to bed;
–The Relic;
3. John Milton : Paradise Lost, I, II, IV, IX.

4. Alexander Pope. The Rape of the Lock.

5. William Wordsworth. The following poems :

– Ode on Intimations of Immortality.

– Tintern Abbey.

– Three years she grew.

– She dwelt among untrodden ways.

– Michael.

– Resolution and Independence.

– The World is too much with us.

– Milton, thou shouldst be living at this hour.

– Upon Westminster Bridge.

6. Alfred Tennyson : In Memoriam.

7. Henrik Ibsen : A Doll’s House.

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Section B

1. Jonathan Swift, Gulliver’s Travels.

2. Jane Austen. Pride and Prejudice.

3. Henry Fielding. Tom Jones.

4. Charles Dickens. Hard Times.

5. George Eliot. The Mill on the Floss.

6. Thomas Hardy. Tess of the d’Urbervilles.

7. Mark Twain. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.

PAPER II

(Answers must be written in English)

Texts for detailed study are listed below. Candidates will also be required to show adequate knowledge
of the following topics and movements :

Modernism; Poets of the Thirties; The stream-of-consciousness Novel; Absurd Drama; Colonialism and Post-
Colonialism; Indian Writing in English; Marxist, Psychoanalytical and Feminist approaches to literature;
Post-Modernism.

Section A

1. William Butler Yeats. The following poems :

– Easter 1916.

– The Second Coming.

– A Prayer for my daughter.

– Sailing to Byzantium.

– The Tower.

– Among School Children.

– Leda and the Swan.

– Meru.

– Lapis Lazuli.

– The Second Coming.

– Byzantium.

2. T.S. Eliot. The following poems :

– The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock.

– Journey of the Magi.

– Burnt Norton.

3. W.H. Auden. The following poems :

– Partition

– Musee des Beaux Arts

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– In Memory of W.B. Yeats

– Lay your sleeping head, my love

– The Unknown Citizen

– Consider

– Mundus Et Infans

– The Shield of Achilles

– September 1, 1939

– Petition

4. John Osborne : Look Back in Anger.

5. Samuel Beckett. Waiting for Godot.

6. Philip Larkin. The following poems :

– Next

– Please

– Deceptions

– Afternoons

– Days

– Mr. Bleaney

7. A.K. Ramanujan. The following poems :

– Looking for a Cousin on a Swing

– A River

– Of Mothers, among other Things

– Love Poem for a Wife 1

– Small-Scale Reflections on a Great House

– Obituary

(All these poems are available in the anthology Ten Twentieth Century Indian Poets, edited by
R. Parthasarthy, published by Oxford University Press, New Delhi).

Section B

1. Joseph Conrad. Lord Jim.

2. James Joyce. Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man.

3. D.H. Lawrence. Sons and Lovers.

4. E.M. Forster. A Passage to India.

5. Virginia Woolf. Mrs. Dalloway.

6. Raja Rao. Kanthapura.

7. V.S. Naipaul. A House for Mr. Biswas.

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GUJARATI
PAPER I
(Answers must be written in Gujarati)
Section A
Gujarati Language : Form and History
(1) History of Gujarati Language with special reference to New Indo-Aryan i.e. last one thousand
years.
(2) Significant features of the Gujarati language : phonology, morphology and syntax.
(3) Major dialects : Surti, pattani, charotari and Saurashtri.
History of Gujarati literature
Medieval :
4. Jaina tradition
5. Bhakti tradition : Sagun and Nirgun (Jnanmargi)
6. Non-sectarian tradition (Laukik parampara)
Modern :
7. Sudharak yug
8. Pandit yug
9. Gandhi yug
10. Anu-Gandhi yug
11. Adhunik yug
Section B
Literary Forms : (Salient features, history and development
of the following literary forms :)
(a) Medieval
1. Narratives : Rasa, Akhyan and Padyavarta
2. Lyrical: Pada
(b) Folk
3. Bhavai
(c) Modern
4. Fiction : Novel and Short Story
5. Drama
6. Literary Essay
7. Lyrical Poetry
(d) Criticism
8. History of theoretical Gujarati criticism
9. Recent research in folk tradition.

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PAPER II
(Answers must be written in Gujarati)
The paper will require first-hand reading of the texts prescribed and will be designed to test the critical
ability of the candidate.
Section A
1. Medieval
(i) Vasantvilas phagu—AJNATKRUT
(ii) Kadambari—BHALAN
(iii) Sudamacharitra—PREMANAND
(iv) Chandrachandravatini varta—SHAMAL
(v) Akhegeeta—AKHO
2. Sudharakyug & Pandityug
(vi) Mari Hakikat—NARMADASHA
(vii) Farbasveerah—DALPATRAM
(viii) Saraswatichandra-Part 1—GOVARDHANRAM TRIPATHI
(ix) Purvalap—‘KANT’ (MANISHANKAR RATNAJI BHATT)
(x) Raino Parvat—RAMANBHAI NEELKANTH
Section B
1. Gandhiyug & Anu Gandhiyug
(i) Hind Swaraj—MOHANDAS KARAMCHAND GANDHI
(ii) Patanni Prabhuta—KANHAIYALAL MUNSHI
(iii) Kavyani Shakti—RAMNARAYAN VISHWANATH PATHAK
(iv) Saurashtrani Rasdhar-Part 1—ZAVERCHAND MEGHANI
(v) Manvini Bhavai—PANNALAL PATEL
(vi) Dhvani—RAJENDRA SHAH
2. Adhunik yug
(vii) Saptapadi—UMASHANKAR JOSHI
(viii) Janantike—SURESH JOSHI
(ix) Ashwatthama—SITANSHU YASHASCHANDRA.
HINDI
PAPER I
(Answers must be written in Hindi)
Section A
1. History of Hindi Language and Nagari Lipi
I. Grammatical and applied forms of Apbhransh, Awahatta & Arambhik Hindi.
II. Development of Braj and Awadhi as Literary language during medieval period.

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III. Early form of Khari-boli in Siddha-Nath Sahitya, Khusero, Sant Sahitaya, Rahim etc. and Dakhni
Hindi.
IV. Development of Khari-boli and Nagari Lipi during 19th Century.
V. Standardisation of Hindi Bhasha & Nagari Lipi.
VI. Development of Hindi as a National Language during freedom movement.
VII. The development of Hindi as a National Language of Union of India.
VIII. Scientific & Technical Development of Hindi Language.
IX. Prominent dialects of Hindi and their inter-relationship.
X. Salient features of Nagari Lipi and the efforts for its reform & Standard form of Hindi.
XI. Grammatical structure of Standard Hindi.
Section B
2. History of Hindi Literature
I. The relevance and importance of Hindi literature and tradition of writing History of Hindi
Literature.
II. Literary trends of the following four periods of history of Hindi Literature.
A : Adikal—Sidh, Nath and Raso Sahitya.
Prominent poets—Chandvardai, Khusaro, Hemchandra, Vidyapati.
B : Bhaktikal—Sant Kavyadhara, Sufi Kavyadhara, Krishna Bhaktidhara and Ram Bhaktidhara.
Prominent Poets—Kabir, Jayasi, Sur & Tulsi.
C : Ritikal—Ritikavya, Ritibaddhkavya & Riti Mukta Kavya. Prominent Poets—Keshav, Bihari,
Padmakar and Ghananand.
D : Adhunik Kal—
a. Renaissance, the development of Prose, Bharatendu Mandal.
b. Prominent Writers—Bharatendu, Bal Krishna Bhatt & Pratap Narain Mishra.
c. Prominent trends of modern Hindi Poetry: Chhayavad, Pragativad, Prayogvad, Nai Kavita,
Navgeet and Contemporary poetry and Janvadi Kavita.
Prominent Poets—Maithili Sharan Gupta, Prasad, Nirala, Mahadevi, Dinkar, Agyeya,
Muktibodh, Nagarjun.
3. Katha Sahitya
B
A : Upanyas & Realism
B : The origin and development of Hindi Novels.
C : ProminentNovelists—Premchand, Jain-endra, Yashpal, Renu and Bhism Sahani.
D : The origin and development of Hindi short story.
E : Prominent Short Story Writers—Premchand, Prasad, Agyeya, Mohan Rakesh & Krishna Sobti.
4. Drama & Theatre
A : The Origin & Development of Hindi Drama.

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B : Prominent Dramatists—Bharatendu, Prasad, Jagdish Chandra Mathur, Ram Kumar Verma,
Mohan Rakesh.
C : The development of Hindi Theatre.
5. Criticism
A : The origin and development of Hindi criticism : Saiddhantik, Vyavharik, Pragativadi.
Manovishleshanvadi & Nai Alochana.
B : Prominent critics—Ramchandra Shukla, Hajari Prasad Dwivedi, Ram Vilas Sharma & Nagendra.
6. The other form of Hindi prose—Lalit Nibandh,Rekhachitra, Sansmaran, Yatra-vrittant.
PAPER II
(Answers must be written in Hindi)
The paper will require first-hand reading of the prescribed texts and will test the critical ability of the
candidates.
Section A
1. Kabir : Kabir Granthawali, Ed. Shyam Sundar Das (First hundred Sakhis)
2. Soordas : Bhramar Geetsar, Ed. Ramchandra Shukla (First hundred Padas)
3. Tulsidas : Ramcharit Manas (Sundar Kand) Kavitawali (Uttarkand)
4. Jayasi : Padmawat Ed. Shyam Sundar Das (Sinhal Dwip Khand & Nagmativiyog
Khand)
5. Bihari : Bihari Ratnakar Ed. Jagnnath Prasad Ratnakar (First 100 Dohas)
6. Maithili Sharan : Bharat Bharati
Gupta
7. Prasad : Kamayani (Chinta and Shraddha Sarg)
8. Nirala : Rag-Virag, Ed. Ram Vilas Sharma (Ram Ki Shakti Pooja & Kukurmutta)
9. Dinkar : Kurukshetra
10. Agyeya : Angan Ke Par Dwar (Asadhya Veena)
11. Muktiboth : Brahm Rakhashas
12. Nagarjun : Badal Ko Ghirte Dekha Hai, Akal Ke Bad, Harijan Gatha.
Section B
1. Bharatendu : Bharat Durdasha
2. Mohan Rakesh : Ashadh Ka Ek Din
3. Ramchandra : Chintamani (Part I) (KavitaKya Shukla Hai, ShraddhaAurBhakti)

4. Dr. Satyendra : Nibandh Nilaya—Bal Krishna Bhatt, Premchand, Gulab Rai, Hajari Prasad

Dwivedi, Ram Vilas Sharma, Agyeya, Kuber Nath Rai.

5. Premchand : Godan, Premchand ki Sarvashreshtha Kahaniyan, Ed. Amrit

Rai/Manjusha—Prem Chand ki Sarvashreshtha Kahaniyan. Ed. Amrit Rai.

6. Prasad : Skandgupta

7. Yashpal : Divya

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8. Phaniswar Nath : Maila Anchal
Renu

9. Mannu Bhandari: Mahabhoj

10. Rajendra Yadav : Ek Dunia Samanantar (All Stories)

KANNADA

PAPER-I

(Answers must be written in Kannada)

Section A

A. History of Kannada Language

What is Language ? General characteristics of Language. Dravidian Family of Languages and its specific
features. Antiquity of Kannada Language. Different phases of its Development.

Dialects of Kannada Language : Regional and Social. Various aspects of developments of Kannada
Language: phonological and Semantic changes. Language borrowing.

B. History of Kannada Literature

Ancient Kannada literature : Influence and Trends, Poets for study : Specified poets from Pampa to
Ratnakara Varni are to be studied in the light of contents, form and expression : Pampa, Janna,
Nagachandra.

Medieval Kannada literature : Influence and Trends.

Vachana Literature : Basavanna, Akka Mahadevi.

Medieval Poets : Harihara, Raghavanka, Kumara-Vyasa.

Dasa literature : Purandara and Kanaka.

Sangataya : Ratnakarvarni

C. Modern Kannada literature : Influence, trends and ideologies, Navodaya, Pragatishila, Navya, Dalita
and Bandaya.

Section B

A. Poetics and Literary Criticism

Definition and concepts of poetry; Word, Meaning, Alankara, Reeti, Rasa, Dhwani, Auchitya.

Interpretations of Rasa Sutra. Modern Trends of literary criticism : Formalist, Historical, Marxist,
Feminist, Post-colonial criticism.

B. Cultural History of Karnataka

Contribution of Dynasties to the culture of Karnataka: Chalukyas of Badami and Kalyani,
Rashtrakutas, Hoysalas, Vijayanagara rulers, in literary context.

Major religions of Karnataka and their cultural contribution.

Arts of Karnataka ; Sculpture, Architecture, Painting, Music, Dance—in the literary context.

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Unification of Karnataka and its impact of Kannada literature.

PAPER-II
(Answers must be written in Kannada)
The Paper will require first-hand reading of the Texts prescribed and will be designed to test the critical
ability of the candidates.

Section A
A. Old Kannada Literature
1. Vikramaarjuna Vijaya of Pampa (Cantos 12 & 13), (Mysore University Pub.)
2. Vaddaraadhane (Sukumaraswamyia Kathe, Vidyutchorana Kathe)
B. Medieval Kannada Literature
1. Vachana, Kammata, Ed. K. Marulasiddappa K.R. Nagaraj (Bangalore University Pub.)
2. Janapriya Kanakasamputa, Ed. D. Javare Gowda (Kannada and Culture Directorate, Bangalore)
3. Nambiyannana Ragale, Ed., T.N. Sreekantaiah (Ta. Vem. Smaraka Grantha Male, Mysore)
4. Kumaravyasa Bharata : Karna Parva (Mysore University)
5. Bharatesha Vaibhava Sangraha Ed Ta. Su. Shama Rao (Mysore University)
Section B

A. Modern Kannada Literature
1. Poetry : Hosagannada Kavite, Ed. G.H. Nayak (Kannada Saahitya Parishattu,
Bangalore)
2. Novel : Bettada Jeeva—Shivarama Karanta Madhavi—Anupama NiranjanaOdalaala-
Deva-nuru Mahadeva
3. Short Story : Kannada Sanna Kathegalu, Ed. G.H. Nayak (Sahitya Academy, New Delhi)
4. Drama : Shudra Tapaswi—Kuvempu. Tughalak—Girish Karnad.
5. Vichara Sahitya : Devaru—A.N. Moorty Rao (Pub: D.V.K.Moorty, Mysore.)

B. Folk Literature :
1. Janapada Swaroopa—Dr. H.M. Nayak. (Ta. Vem. Smaraka Grantha Male, Mysore.)
2. Janpada Geetaanjali—Ed. D. Javare Gowda.(Pub : Sahitya Academy, New Delhi).
3. Kannada Janapada Kathegalu—Ed. J.S. Paramashiviaah (Mysore University).
4. Beedi Makkalu Beledo. Ed. Kalegowda Nagavara (Pub : Bangalore University).
5. Savirada Ogatugalu—Ed. S.G. Imrapura.

KASHMIRI
PAPER-I
(Answers must be written in Kashmiri)

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Section A

1. Genealogical relationship of the Kashmiri language: various theories.
2. Areas of occurrence and dialects (geographical/social)
3. Phonology and grammar:
i. Vowel and consonant system;
ii.Nouns and pronouns with various case inflections;
iii.Verbs: various types and tenses.
4. Syntactic structure:
i.Simple, active and declarative statements;
ii.Coordination;
iii.Relativisation.
Section B

1. Kashmiri literature in the 14th century (Socio-cultural and intellectual background with special
reference to Lal Dyad and Sheikhul Alam).
2. Nineteenth century Kashmiri literature (development of various genres : vatsun; ghazal and
mathnavi.
3. Kashmiri literature in the first half of the twentieth century (with special reference to Mahjoor and
Azad; various literary influences).
4. Modern Kashmiri literature (with special reference to the development of the short story, drama,
novel and nazm).
PAPER-II
(Answers must be written in Kashmiri)
Section A
1. Intensive study of Kashmiri poetry up to the nineteenth century :
(i) Lal Dyad,
(ii)Sheikhul Aalam
(iii)Habba Khatoon
2. Kashmiri poetry : 19th Century
(i)Mahmood Gami (Vatsans)
(ii)Maqbool shah (Gulrez)
(iii)Rasool Mir (Ghazals)
(iv)Abdul Ahad Nadim (N’at)
(v)Krishanjoo Razdan (Shiv Lagun)
(vi)Sufi Poets (Test in Sanglaab, published by the Deptt. of Kashmiri, University of Kashmir)
3. Twentieth Century Kashmiri poetry (text in Azich Kashir Shairi, published by the Deptt. of Kashmiri,
University of Kashmir).
4. Literary criticism and research work : development and various trends.
Section B

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1. An analytical study of the short story in Kashmiri.
(i) Afsana Majmu’a, published by the Deptt. of Kashmiri, University of Kashmir.
(ii)Kashur Afsana Az, published by the Sahitya Akademi.
(iii)Hamasar Kashur Afsana, published by the Sahitya Akademi.
The following short story writers only : Akhtar Mohi-ud Din, Kamil, Hari Krishan Kaul, Hraday Kaul
Bharti, Bansi Nirdosh, Gulshan Majid.
2. Novel in Kashmiri :
(i)Mujrim by G. N. Gowhar
(ii)Marun—Ivan Ilyichun, (Kashmiri version of Tolstoy’s) The Death of Ivan Ilyich (published by
Kashmiri Deptt.)
3. Drama in Kashmiri :
(i)Natuk Kariv Band by Hari Krishan Kaul
(ii)Qk Angy Natuk, ed. Motilal Keemu, published by the Sahitya Akademi.
(iii)Razi Oedipus, tr. Naji Munawar, published by the Sahitya Akademi.
4. Kashmiri Folk Literature :
(i)Kashur Luki Theatre by Mohammad Subhan Bhagat,published by the Deptt. of Kashmiri,
University of Kashmir.
(ii)Kashiry Luki Beeth(all volumes) published by the J&K Cultural Akademy.

KONKANI
PAPER -I
(Answers must be written in Konkani)
Section A
History of the Konkani Language :
(i) Origin and development of the language and influences on it.
(ii)Major variants of Konkani and their linguistic features.
(iii)Grammatical and lexicographic work in Konkani, including a study of cases, adverbs,
indeclinables and voices.
(iv)Old Standard Konkani, New Standard and Standardisation problems.

Section B
History of Konkani Literature
Candidates would be expected to be well-acquainted with Konkani literature and its social and
cultural background and consider the problems and issues arising out of them.

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(i) History of Konkani literature from its probable source to the present times, with emphasis on its
major works, writers and movements.
(ii)Social and cultural background of the making of Konkani literature from time to time.
(iii)Indian and Western influences on Konkani literature, from the earliest to modern times.
(iv)Modern literary trends in the various genres and regions including a study of Konkani folklore.

PAPER-II
(Answers must be written in Konkani)
Textual Criticism of Konkani Literature
The paper will be designed to test the candidate’s critical and analytical abilities. Candidates would be
expected to be well-acquainted with Konkani Literature and required to have first-hand reading of the
following texts :
Section A : Prose
1. (a) Konkani Mansagangotri (excluding poetry) ed. by Prof : Olivinho Gomes.
(b) Old Konkani language and literature—the Portuguese Role
2. (a) Otmo Denvcharak—a novel by A. V. da Cruz.
(b) Vadoll ani Varem—a novel by Antonio Pereira.
(c) Devache Kurpen—a novel by V.J.P. Saldanha.
3. (a) Vajralikhani—Shenoy goem-bab-An anthology-ed. by Shantaram Varde Valavalikar.
(b) Konkani Lalit Niband—Essays-ed. by Shyam Verenkar.
(c) Teen Dasakam—An anthology—ed. by Chandrakant Keni.
4. (a) Demand—Drama-by Pundalik Naik.
(b) Kadambini: A Miscellany of Modern Prose—ed. by Prof. O.J.F. Gomes and Smt. P.S. Tadkodkar.
(c) Ratha Tujeo Ghudieo—by Smt. Jayanti Naik.
Section B : Poetry
1. (a) Ev ani Mori : Poetry by Eduardo Bruno de Souza.
(b) Abravanchem Yadnyadan—by Luis Mascarenhas.
2. (a) Godde Ramayan—ed. by R.K. Rao.
(b) Ratnahar I and II—collection of poems—ed. R. V. Pandit.
3. (a) Zayo Zuyo—poems- Manohar L. Sardessai.
(b) Kanadi Mati Konkani Kavi—Anthology ofPoems—ed. Pratap Naik.
4. (a) Adrushatache Kalle—Poems by Pandurang Bhangui.
(b) Yaman—Poems by Madhav Borkar.
MAITHILI
PAPER I
HISTORY OF MAITHILI LANGUAGE AND
ITS LITERATURE
(Answers must be written in Maithili)

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PART A
History of Maithili Language
1. Place of Maithili in Indo-European Language family.
2. Origin and development of Maithili language. (Sanskrit, Prakrit, Avhatt, Maithili)
3. Periodic division of Maithili Language. (Beginning, Middle era, Modern era).
4. Maithili and its different dialects.
5. Relationship between Maithili and other Eastern languages (Bengali, Asamese, Oriya)
6. Origin and Development of Tirhuta Script.
7. Pronouns and Verbs in Maithili Language.
PART B
History of Maithili Literature
1. Background of Maithili Literature (Religious, Economic, Social, Cultural).
2. Periodic division of Maithili literature.
3. Pre-Vidyapati Literature.
4. Vidyapati and his tradition.
5. Medieval Maithili Drama (Kirtaniya Natak, Ankia Nat, Maithili dramas written in Nepal).
6. Maithili Folk Literature (Folk Tales, Folk Drama, Folk Stories, Folk Songs).
7. Development of different literary forms in modern era :
(a) Prabandh-kavya
(b) Muktak-kavya
(c) Novel
(d) Short Story
(e) Drama
(f) Essay
(g) Criticism
(h) Memoirs
(i) Translation
8. Development of Maithili Magazines and Journals.

PAPER -II
(Answers must be written in Maithili)
The paper will require first-hand reading of the prescribed texts and will test the critical ability of
the candidates.
PART A
Poetry
1. Vidyapati Geet-Shati—Publisher : Sahitya Akademi, New Delhi (Lyrics— 1 to 50)
2. Govind Das Bhajanavali—Publisher : Maithili Acadamy, Patna (Lyrics— 1 to 25)
3. Krishnajanm—Manbodh
4. Mithilabhasha Ramayana—Chanda Jha (only Sunder-Kand)
5. Rameshwar Charit Mithila Ramayan—Lal Das (only Bal-kand)

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6. Keechak-Vadh—Tantra Nath Jha.
7. Datta-Vati—Surendra Jah ‘Suman’ (only 1st and 2nd Cantos).
8. Chitra-Yatri
9. Samakaleen Maithili Kavita—Publisher: Sahitaya Akademi, New Delhi.
PART-B
10. Varna Ratnakar—Jyotirishwar (only 2nd Kallol)
11. Khattar Kakak Tarang—Hari Mohan Jha
12. Lorik—Vijaya Manipadma
13. Prithvi Putra—Lalit
14. Bhaphait Chahak Jinagi—Sudhanshu ‘Shekhar’ Choudhary
15. Kriti Rajkamlak—Publisher: Maithili Acadamy, Patna (First Ten Stories only)
16. Katha–Sangrah–Publisher: Maithili Acadamy, Patna.

MALAYALAM
PAPER-I
(Answers must be written in Malayalam)
Section A
1—Early phase of Malayalam Language :
1.1 Various theories : Origin from proto Dravidian, Tamil, Sanskrit.
1.2 Relation between Tamil and Malayalam : Six nayas of A. R. Rajarajavarma.
1.3 Pattu School—Definition, Ramacharitam, later pattu works—Niranam works and Krishnagatha.
2—Linguistic features of :
2.1 Manipravalam—definition. Language of early manipravala works—Champu, Sandesakavya,
Chandrotsava, minor works. Later manipravala works—medieval Champu and Attakkatha.
2.2 Folklore—Southern and Northern ballads, Mappila songs.
2.3 Early Malayalam Prose—Bhashakautaliyam, Brahmandapuranam, Attaprakaram, Kramadipika and
Nambiantamil.
3—Standardisation of Malayalam :
3.1 Peculiarities of the language of Pana, Kilippattu and Tullal.
3.2 Contributions of indigenous and European missionaries to Malayalam.
3.3 Characteristics of contemporary Malayalam; Malayalam as administrative language. Language of
scientific and technical literature—media language.
Section B
LITERARY HISTORY
4—Ancient and Medieval Literature :
4.1 Pattu—Ramacharitam, Niranam Works and Krishnagatha.
4.2 Manipravalam—early and medieval manipravala works including attakkatha and champu.
4.3 Folk Literature.

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4.4 Kilippattu, Tullal and Mahakavya.
5—Modern Literature—Poetry :
5.1 Venmani poets and contemporaries.
5.2 The advent of Romanticism—Poetry of Kavitraya i.e., Asan, Ulloor and Vallathol.
5.3 Poetry after Kavitraya.
5.4 Modernism in Malayalam Poetry.
6—Modern Literature—Prose :
6.1 Drama.
6.2 Novel.
6.3 Short story.
6.4 Biography, travelogue, essay and criticism.

PAPER-II
(Answers must be written in Malayalam)
This paper will require first hand reading of the texts prescribed and is designed to test the
candidate’s critical ability.
Section A
Unit 1
1.1 Ramacharitam—Patalam 1.
1.2 Kannassaramayanam—Balakandam first 25 stanzas.
1.3 Unnunilisandesam—Purvabhagam 25 slokas including Prastavana.
1.4 Mahabharatham Kilippattu—Bhishmaparvam.
Unit 2
2.1 Kumaran Asan—Chintavisthayaya Sita.
2.2 Vailoppilli—Kutiyozhikkal.
2.3 G. Sankara Kurup—Perunthachan.
2.4 N. V. Krishna Variar—Tivandiyile pattu.
Unit 3
3.1 O. N. V.—Bhumikkoru Charamagitam.
3.2 Ayyappa Panicker—Kurukshetram.
3.3 Akkittam—Pandatha Messanthi.
3.4 Attur Ravivarma—Megharupan.
Section B
Unit 4
4.1 O. Chanthu Menon—Indulekha.
4.2 Thakazhy—Chemmin.
4.3 O. V. Vijayan—Khasakkinte Ithihasam.
Unit 5

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5.1 M. T. Vasudevan Nair—Vanaprastham (Collection).
5.2 N. S. Madhavan—Higvitta (Collection).
5.3 C. J. Thomas—1128-il Crime 27.
Unit 6
6.1 Kuttikrishna Marar—Bharataparyatanam.
6.2 M. K. Sanu—Nakshatrangalute Snehabhajanam.
6.3 V. T. Bhatttathirippad—Kannirum Kinavum.

MANIPURI
PAPER-I
(Answers must be written in Manipuri)
Section A
Language :
(a) General characteristics of Manipuri Language and history of its development; its importance and status
among the Tibeto-Burman Languages of North-East India; recent development in the study of Manipuri
Language; evolution and study of old Manipuri script.
(b) Significant features of Manipuri Language :
(i) Phonology : Phoneme-vowels, consonants juncture, tone, consonant cluster and its occurrence,
syllable-its structure, pattern and types.
(ii) Morphology : Word-class, root and its types; affix and its types; grammatical categories-gender,
number, person, case, tense and aspects, process of compounding (samas and sandhi).
(iii) Syntax : Word order; types of sentences, phrase and clause structures.
Section B
(a) Literary History of Manipuri :
Early period (up to 17th Century)–Social and cultural background; Themes, diction and style of the
works.
Medieval period (18th and 19th Century)-Social, religious and political background; Themes, diction and
style of the works.
Modern period-Growth of major literary forms; change of Themes, diction and style.
(b) Manipuri Folk Literature :
Legend, Folktale, Folksong, Ballad, Proverb and Riddle.
(c) Aspects of Manipuri Culture :
Pre-Hindu Manipuri Faith; Advent of Hinduism and the process of syncreticism;
Performing arts-Lai Haraoba, Maha Ras;
Indigenous games-Sagol Kangjei, Khong Kangjei, Kang.
PAPER-II
(Answers must be written in Manipuri)
This paper will require first hand reading of the texts prescribed and will be designed to test candidate’s
critical ability to assess them.

102

Section A
Old and Medieval Manipuri Literature :
(a) Old Manipuri Literature :
1. O. Bhogeswar Singh (Ed.) : Numit Kappa
2. M. Gourachandra Singh (Ed.) : Thawanthaba Hiran
3. N. Khelchandra Singh (Ed.) : Naothingkhong
Phambal Kaba
4. M. Chandra Singh (Ed.) : Panthoibi Khonggul
(b) Medieval Manipuri Literature :
1. M. Chandra Singh (Ed.) : Samsok Ngamba
2. R.K. Snahal Singh (Ed.) : Ramayana Adi Kanda
3. N. Khelchandra Singh (Ed.) : Dhananjoy Laibu Ningba
4. O. Bhogeswar Singh (Ed.) : Chandrakirti Jila Changba
Section B
Modern Manipuri Literature :
(a) Poetry and Epic :
(I) Poetry :
(a) Manipuri Sheireng (Pub) Manipuri Sahitya Parishad, 1998 (Ed.)
Kh. Chaoba Singh : Pi Thadoi, Lamgi CheklaAmada, Loktak
Dr. L. Kamal Singh : Nirjanata, Nirab Rajani
A. Minaketan Singh : Kamalda, Nonggumlalkkhoda.
L. Samarendra Singh : Ingagi Nong, Mamang Leikai Thambal Satle
E. Nilakanta Singh : Manipur, Lamangnaba
Shri Biren : Tangkhul Hui
Th. Ibopishak : Anouba Thunglaba Jiba.
(b) Kanchi Sheireng. (Pub) Manipur University 1998 (Ed.)
Dr. L. Kamal Singh : Biswa-Prem
Shri Biren : Chaphadraba Laigi Yen
Th. Ibopishak : Norok Patal Prithivi
(II) Epic :

1. A. Dorendrajit Singh : Kansa Bodha

2. H. Anganghal Singh : Khamba-Thoibi Sheireng (San-Senba, Lei Langba,Shamu Khonggi Bichar)

(III) Drama :

1. S. Lalit Singh : Areppa Marup

2. G.C. Tongbra : Matric Pass

3. A. Samarendra : Judge Saheb ki Imung

(b) Novel, Short-story and Prose :

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(I) Novel :

1. Dr. L. Kamal Singh : Madhabi

2. H. Anganghal Singh : Jahera

3. H. Guno Singh : Laman

4. Pacha Meetei : Imphal Amasung, MagiIshing, Nungsitki Phibam

(II) Short-story :

(a) Kanchi Warimacha (Pub) Manipur University 1997(Ed.)

R.K. Shitaljit Singh : Kamala Kamala

M.K. Binodini : Eigi Thahoudraba HeitupLalu

Kh. Prakash : Wanom Shareng

(b) Parishadki Khangatlaba Warimacha (Pub) Manipuri Sahitya Parishad 1994 (Ed.)

S. Nilbir Shastri : Loukhatpa

R.K. Elangba : Karinunggi

(c) Anouba Manipuri Warimacha (Pub) The Cultural Forum Manipur 1992 (Ed.)

N. Kunjamohon Singh : Ijat Tanba

E. Dinamani : Nongthak Khongnang

(III) Prose :

(a) Warenggi Saklon [Due Part] (Pub) The Cultural Forum Manipur 1992 (Ed.)

Kh. Chaoba Singh : Khamba-Thoibigi WariAmasung Mahakavya

(b) Kanchi Wareng (Pub) Manipur University, 1998 (Ed.)

B. Manisana Shastri : Phajaba

Ch. Manihar Singh : Lai-Haraoba

(c) Apunba Wareng (Pub) Manipur University, 1986 (Ed.)

Ch. Pishak Singh : Samaj Amasung Sanskriti

M.K. Binodini : Thoibidu Warouhouida

Eric Newton : Kalagi Mahousa (translated by I.R. Babu)

(d) Manipuri Wareng (Pub) The Cultural Forum Manipur 1999 (Ed.)

S. Krishnamohan Singh : Lan

MARATHI
PAPER-I
(Answers must be written in Marathi)
Section A
Language and Folk-lore
(a) Nature and Functions of Language
(with reference to Marathi)

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Language as a signifying system : Langue and Parole; Basic functions; Poetic Language; Standard
Language and dialect; Language variations according to social parameters.
Linguistic features of Marathi in thirteenth century and seventeenth century.
(b) Dialects of Marathi
Ahirani; Varhadi; Dangi.
(c) Marathi Grammar
Parts of Speech; Case-system; Prayog-vichar (Voice).
(d) Nature and kinds of Folk-lore
(with special reference to Marathi)
Lok-Geet, Lok Katha, Lok Natya.
Section B
(History of Literature and Literary Criticism)
(a) History of Marathi Literature
1. From beginning to 1818 AD, with special reference to the following : The Mahanubhava writers, the
Varkari poets, the Pandit poets, the Shahirs, Bakhar Literature.
2. From 1850 to 1990, with special reference to developments in the following major forms : Poetry,
Fiction (Novel and Short Story), Drama; and major literary currents and movements, Romantic, Realist,
Modernist, Dalit, Gramin, Feminist.
(b) Literary Criticism
1. Nature and function of Literature;
2. Evaluation of Literature;
3. Nature, Objectives and Methods of Criticism;
4. Literature, Culture and Society.
PAPER-II
(Answer must be written in Marathi)
Textual study of prescribed literary works.
The paper will require first-hand reading of the texts prescribed and will be designed to test the candidate's
critical ability.
Section A
(Prose)
(1) ‘Smritisthala’
(2) Mahatma Jotiba Phule
‘‘Shetkaryacha Asud’
‘Sarvajanik Satyadharma’
(3) S.V. Ketkar
‘Brahmankanya’
(4) P.K. Atre
‘Sashtang Namaskar’
(5) Sharchchandra Muktibodh

105

‘Jana Hey Volatu Jethe’
(6) Uddhav Shelke
‘Shilan’

(7) Baburao Bagul
‘Jevha Mi Jaat Chorli Hoti’

(8) Gouri Deshpande
‘Ekek Paan Galavaya’

(9) P.I. Sonkamble

‘Athavaninche Pakshi’

Section B

(Poetry)

(1) ‘Namadevanchi Abhangawani’
Ed: Inamdar, Relekar, Mirajkar
Modern Book Depot, Pune

(2) ‘Painjan’
Ed : M.N. Adwant
Sahitya Prasar Kendra, Nagpur

(3) ‘Damayanti-Swayamvar’
By Raghunath Pandit

(4) ‘Balakvinchi Kavita’
By Balkavi

(5) ‘Vishakha’
By Kusumagraj

(6) ‘Maridgandh’
By Vinda Karandikar

(7) ‘Jahirnama’
By Narayan Surve

(8) ‘Sandhyakalchya Kavita’
By Grace

(9) ‘Ya Sattet Jeev Ramat Nahi’
By Namdev Dhasal

NEPALI

PAPER-I

(Answers must be written in Nepali)

Section A

1.History of the origin and development of Nepali as one of the new Indo Aryan Languages.

2.Fundamentals of Nepali Grammar and phonology :

106

(i) Nominal forms and categories :—

Gender, Number, Case, Adjectives, Pronouns, Avyayas

(ii) Verbal forms and categories :—

Tense, Aspects, Voice, Roots and Fixes

(iii) Nepali Swara and Vyanjana;

3. Major Dialects of Nepali

4. Standardisation and Modernisation of Nepali with special reference to language movements (viz. Halanta
Bahiskar, Jharrovad etc.)

5. Teaching of Nepali language in India—Its history and development with special reference to its socio-
cultural aspects.

Section B
1. History of Nepali literature with special reference to its development in India.
2. Fundamental concepts and theories of Literature :
Kavya/Sahitya, Kavya Prayojan, Literary genres, Shabda Shakti, Rasa, Alankara, Tragedy, Comedy,
Aesthetics, Stylistics.
3. Major literary trends and movements—
Swachchhandatavad, Yatharthavad, Astitwavad, Ayamik Movement Contemporary Nepali writings,
Postmodernism.
4.Nepali folklores (the following folk-form only)—Sawai, Jhyaurey, Selo, Sangini, Lahari.

PAPER-II

(Answers must be written in Nepali)

This paper will require first hand reading of the texts prescribed below and questions will be designed to
test the candidate's critical acumen.

Section A

1. Santa Jnandil Das Udaya Lahari
2. Lekhnath Poudyal Tarun Tapasi(Vishrams III, V, VI, XII, XV, XVIII only)
3. Agam Sing Giri Jaleko Pratibimba Royeko Pratidhwani (The following Poems only-
Prasawako Chichyahatsanga Byunjheko Ek Raat, Chhorolai, Jaleko
Pratibimba : Royeko Pratidhwani, Hamro Akashmani Pani Hunchha
Ujyalo, Tihar).
4. Haribhakta Katuwal Yo Zinadagi Khai Ke Zindagi : (The following poems only-Jeevan : Ek
Dristi, Yo Zindagi Khai Ke Zindagi, Akashka Tara Ke Tara, Hamilai
Nirdho Nasamjha, Khai Manyata Yahan Atmahutiko Balidan Ko).
5. Balkrishna Sama Prahlad.
6. Manbahadur Mukhia Andhyaroma Banchneharu (The following One-Act only-Andhyaroma
Banchneharu' ‘Suskera’)
Section B
1. Indra Sundas Sahara.

107

2. Lilbahadur Chhetri Brahmaputra ko Chheuchhau
3. Rupnarayan Sinha Katha Navaratna (The following stories only—Biteka Kura, Jimmewari
Kasko, Dhanamatiko Cinema—Swapna, Vidhwasta Jeevan).
4. Indrabahadur Rai Vipana Katipaya (The following stories only—Raatbhari Huri Chalyo,
Jayamaya Aphumatra Lekhapani Aipugi, Bhagi, Ghosh Babu,
Chhutuaiyo).
5. Sanu Lama Katha Sampaad (The following stories only—Swasni Manchhey,
Khani Tarma Ekdin, Phurbale Gaun Chhadyo, Asinapo Manchhey).
6. Laxmi Prasad Laxmi Nibandha DevkotaSangraha (The following essays only—Sri
Ganeshaya Namha, Nepali Sahityako Itihasma Sarvashrestha Purus,
Kalpana, Kala Ra Jeevan, Gadha Buddhiman ki Guru?)
7. Ramkrishna Sharma Das Gorkha (The following essays only—Kavi, Samaj Ra Sahitya,
Sahityama Sapekshata, Sahityik Ruchiko Praudhata, Nepali
Sahityako Pragati).

ODIA
PAPER-I
(Answers must be written in Odia)
Section A
History of Odia Language
(i) Origin and development of Odia Language—Influence of Austric, Dravidian, Perso— Arabic and
English on Odia Language.
(ii) Phonetics and Phonemics : Vowels, Consonants Principles of changes in Odia sounds.
(iii) Morphology : Morphemes (free, bound compound and complex), derivational and inflectional
affixes, case inflection, conjugation of verb.
(iv) Syntax : Kinds of sentences and their trans-formation, structure of sentences.
(v) Semantics—Different types of change in meaning. Euphemism.
(vi) Common errors in spellings, grammatical uses and construction of sentences.
(vii) Regional variations in Odia Language (Western, Southern and Northern Odia) and Dialects (Bhatri
and Desia).
Section B
History of Odia Literature
(i) Historical backgrounds (social, cultural and political) of Odia Literature of different periods.
(ii) Ancient epics, ornate kavyas and padavalis.
(iii) Typical structural forms of Odia Literature (Koili, Chautisa, Poi, Chaupadi, Champu).
(iv) Modern trends in poetry, drama short story, novel essay and literary criticism.

PAPER-II
(Answers must be written in Odia)
Critical Study of texts—
The paper will require first hand reading of the text and test the critical ability of the candidate.

108

Section A
Poetry
(Ancient)
1. Sãralã Dãs—Shanti Parva from Mahãbhãrata.
2. Jaganãth Dãs—Bhãgabata, XI Skadhã—Jadu Avadhuta Sambãda.
(Medieval)
3. Dinakrushna Dãs—Raskallola—(Chhãndas—16 & 34)
4. Upendra Bhanja—Lãvanyabati (Chhãndas—1 & 2).
(Modern)
5. Rãdhãnath Rãy—Chandrabhãgã.
6. Mãyãdhar Mänasinha—Jeevan—Chitã.
7. Sãtchidananda Routray—Kabitã—1962.
8. Ramãkãnta Ratha—Saptama Ritu.
Section B
Drama :
9. Manoranjan Dãs—Kätha-Ghoda.
10. Bijay Mishra—Tata Niranjanä.
Novel :
11. Fakir Mohan Senãpati—Chhamãna Ãthaguntha.
12. Gopinãth Mohãnty—Dãnãpani.
Short Story :

13. Surendra Mohãnty—Marãlara Mrityu.

14. Manoj Dãs—Laxmira Abhisãra.

Essay :

15. Chittaranjan Dãs—Tranga O Tadit (First Five essays).

16. ChandraSekharRath—MunSatyadharmãKahuchhi (First five essays).

PUNJABI

PAPER-I

Answers must be written in Punjabi in Gurumukhi script

Section A

(a) Origin of Punjabi Language; different stages of development and recent development in Punjabi
Language; characteristics of Punjabi phonology and the study of its tones; classification of vowels and
consonants.

(b) Punjabi morphology; the number-gender system (animate and inanimate), prefixes, affixes and
different categories of Post positions; Punjabi word formation; Tatsam. Tad Bhav. forms; Sentence
structure, the notion of subject and object in Punjabi; Noun and verb phrases.

(c) Language and dialect : the notions of dialect and idiolect: major dialects of Punjabi : Pothohari, Majhi,

109

Doabi, Malwai, Paudhi; the validity of speech variation on the basis of social stratification, the distinctive
features of various dialects with special reference to tones Language and script; origin and development of
Gurumukhi; Suitability of Gurumukhi for Punjabi.

(d) Classical background : Nath Jogi Sahit.

Medieval Literature : Gurmat, Suti, Kissa and Var : janamsakhis.

Section B

(a) Modern trends Mystic, romantic, progressive and neomystic (Vir Singh, Puran Singh, Mohan Singh,
Amrita Pritam, Bawa Balwant, Pritam Singh Safeer, J. S. Neki).

Experimentalist (Jasbir Singh Ahluwalia, Ravinder Ravi, Ajaib Kamal).

Aesthetes (Harbhajan Singh, Tara Singh). Neo-progressive (Pash, Jagtar, Patar).

(b) Folk Literature Folk songs, Folk tales, Riddles, Proverbs.

Epic (Vir Singh, Avtar Singh Azad, Mohan Singh).

Lyric (Gurus, Sufis and Modern Lyricists-Mohan Singh, Amrita Pritam, Shiv Kumar,
Harbhajan Singh).

(c) Drama (I.C. Nanda, Harcharan Singh, Balwant Gargi, S.S. Sekhon, Charan Das Sidhu).

Novel (Vir Singh, Nanak Singh, Jaswant Singh Kanwal, K.S. Duggal, Sukhbir, Gurdial
Singh, Dalip Kaur Tiwana, Swaran Chandan).

Short Story (Sujan Singh, K. S. Virk, Prem Parkash, Waryam Sandhu).

(d) Socio-cultural Sanskrit, Persian and Western.

Literary influences;

Essay (Puran Singh, Teja Singh, Gurbaksh Singh).

Literary Criticism (S.S. Sekhon, Attar Singh, Kishan Singh, Harbhajan Singh, Najam Hussain Sayyad).

PAPER-II

Answers must be written in Punjabi in Gurumukhi script

This paper will require first-hand reading of the texts prescribed and will be designed to test the candidate’s
critical ability.

Section A
(a) Sheikh Farid The complete Bani as includedin the Adi Granth.
(b) Guru Nanak Japu Ji. Baramah. Asa di Var.
(c) Bulleh Shah Kafian
(d) Waris Shah Heer
Section B
(a) Shah Mohammad Jangnama (Jang Singhante Firangian)
Dhani Ram Chatrik Chandan Vari

110

(Poet) Sufi Khana
Nawan Jahan
(b) Nanak Singh Chitta Lahu
(Novelist) Pavittar Papi
Ek Mian Do Talwaran
(c) Gurbaksh Singh Zindagi-di-Ras
(Essayist) Nawan Shivala
Merian Abhul Yadaan.
Balraj Sahni Mera Roosi Safarnama
(Travelogue) Mera Pakistani Safarnama
(d) Balwant Gargi Loha Kutt
(Dramatist) Dhuni-di-Agg
Sultan Razia
Sant Singh Sekhon Sahityarth
(Critic) Parsidh Punjabi Kavi
Punjabi Kav Shiromani.

SANSKRIT
PAPER-I
There will be three questions as indicated in the Question Paper which must be answered in Sanskrit. The
Remaining questions must be answered either in Sanskrit or in the medium of examination opted by the
candidate.
Section A
1. Significant features of the grammar, with particular stress on Sanjna, Sandhi, Karaka, Samasa, Kartari
and Karmani vacyas (voice usages) (to be answered in Sanskrit).
2. (a) Main characteristics of Vedic Sanskrit language
(b) Prominent feature of classical Sanskrit language
(c) Contribution of Sanskrit to linguistic studies
3. General Knowledge of :—
(a) Literary history of Sanskrit
(b) Principal trends of literary criticism
(c) Ramayana
(d) Mahabharata
(e) The origin and development of literary geners of :
Mahakavya
Rupaka (drama)

111

Katha
Akhyayika
Campu
Khandakavya
Muktaka Kavya.
Section B
4. Essential of Indian Culture with stress on :
(a) Purusãrthas
(b) Samskãras
(c) Varnãsramavyavasthã
(d) Arts and fine arts
(e) Technical Sciences.
5. Trends of Indian Philosophy
(a) Mïmansã
(b) Vedãnta
(c) Nyaya
(d) Vaisesika
(e) Sãnkhya
(f) Yoga
(g) Bauddha
(h) Jaina
(i) Carvãka
6. Short Essay (in Sanskrit)
7. Unseen passage with the questions (to be answered in Sanskrit).
PAPER-II
Question from Group 4 is to be answered in Sanskrit only. Questions from Groups 1, 2 and 3 are to be
answered either in Sanskrit or in the medium opted by the candidate.
Section A
General study of the following groups :—
Group 1 (a) Raghuvamsam—Kalidasa
(b) Kumarasambhavam—Kalidasa
(c) Kiratarjuniyam—Bharavi
(d) Sisupalavadham—Magha
(e) Naisadhiyacaritam—Sriharsa
(f) Kadambari—Banabhatta
(g) Dasakumaracaritam—Dandin
(h) Sivarajyodayam—S.B. Varnekar

112

Group 2 (a) Isãvãsyopanisad
(b) Bhagavadgitã
(c) Sundarakanda of Valmiki’s
Ramayana
(d) Arthasastra of Kautilya
Group 3 (a) Svapanavasavadattam—Bhasa
(b) Abhijnanasakuntalam—Kalidasa
(c) Mricchakatikam—Sudraka
(d) Mudraraksasam—Visakhadatta
(e) Uttararamacaritam—Bhavbhuti
(f) Ratnavali—Sriharshavardhana
(g) Venisamharam—Bhattanarayana
Group 4 Short notes in Sanskrit on the following :—

(a) Meghadutam—Kalidasa

(b) Nitisatakam—Bhartrhari

(c) Pancatantra—

(d) Rajatarangini—Kalhana

(e) Harsacaritam—Banabhatta

(f) Amarukasatakam—Amaruka

(g) Gitagovindam—Jayadeva.

Section B

This section will require first hand reading of the following selected texts :— (Questions from Groups 1 & 2
are to be answered in Sanskrit only) Questions from Groups 3 and 4 are to be answered either in Sanskrit
or in the Medium opted by the candidate.

Group 1 (a) Raghuvamsam—CantoI, Verses 1 to 10

(b) Kumarasambhavam—Canto I, Verses1 to 10

(c) Kiratarjuniyaue—Canto I, Verses 1 to 10

Group 2 (a) Isavasyopanisad—Verses—1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 15 and 18

(b) Bhagavatgita II Chapter Verses13 to 25

(c) Sundarakandam of Valmiki Canto15, Verses 15 to 30 (Geeta Press Edition)

Group 3 (a) Meghadutam—Verses 1 to 10

(b) Nitisatakam—Verses 1 to 10 (Edited by D.D. Kosambi Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan
Publication)

(c) Kadambari—Sukanasopadesa (only)

Group 4 (a) Svapnavasavadattam Act VI

(b) Abhijnansakuntalam Act IV Verses 15 to 30 (M.R. Kale Edition)

(c) Uttararamacaritam Act I Verses 31 to 47 (M.R. Kale Edition).

113

SANTHALI

PAPER I

(Answers must be written in Santhali)

Section A

Part I—History of Santhali Language

1. Main Austric Language family, population and distribution.

2. Grammatical structure of Santhali Language.

3. Important character of Santhali Language: Phonology, Morphology, Syntax, Semantics, Translation,
Lexicography.

4. Impact of other languages of Santhali.

5. Standardization of Santhali Language.

Part II—History of Santhali Literature

1. Literary trend of the following four periods of history of Santhali Literature.

(a) Ancient Literature before 1854.

(b) Missionary period Literature between 1855 to 1889 AD.

(c) Medieval period: Literature between 1890 to 1946 AD.

(d) Modern period : Literature from 1947 AD to till date.

2. Writing tradition in History of Santhali literature.

Section-B

Literary forms—Main characteristics, history and development of following literary forms.

Part I

Folk Literature in Santhali—folk song, folk tale, phrase, idioms puzzles, and Kudum.

Part II

Modern literature in Santhali

1. Development of poetry and prominent poets.

2. Development of prose and prominent writers.

(i) Novels and prominent Novelists.

(ii) Stories and prominent story writers.

(iii) Drama and Prominent Dramatist.

(iv) Criticism and prominent critics.

(v) Essay, sketches, memoirs, travelogues and prominent writers.

Santhali writers

114

Shyam Sundar Hembram, Pandit Raghunath Murmu, Barha Beshra, Sadhu Ramchand Murmu,
Narayan Soren ‘Toresutam’, Sarda Prasad Kisku, Raghunath Tudu, Kalipada Soren, Sakla Soren, Digamber
Hansda, Aditya Mitra ‘Santhali’, Babulal Murmu ‘Adivasi’, Jadumani Beshra, Arjun Hembram, Krishna
Chandra Tudu, Rupchand Hansda, Kalendra Nath Mandi, Mahadev, Hansda, Gour Chandra Murmu,
Thakur Prasad Murmu, Hara Prasad Murmu, Uday Nath Majhi, Parimal Hembram, Dhirendra Nath Baske,
Shyam Charan Hembram, Damayanti Beshra, T.K. Rapaj, Boyha Biswanath Tudu.

Part III

Cultural Heritage of Santhali tradition, customs, festival and rituals (birth, marriage and death).

PAPER II

(Answers must be written in Santhali)

Section A

This paper will require in-depth reading of the following texts and the questions will be designed to test the
candidates’ critical ability.

Ancient Literature :

Prose

(a) Kherwal Bonso Dhorom Puthi—Majhi Ramdas Tudu “Rasika”.

(b) Mare Hapramko Reyak Katha—L.O. Scrafsrud.

(c) Jomsim Binti Lita—Mangal Chandra Turkulumang Soren.

(d) Marang Buru Binti—Kanailal Tudu.

Poetry

(a) Karam Sereng—Nunku Soren.

(b) Devi Dasain Sereng—Manindra Hansda.

(c) Horh Sereng—W.G. Archer.

(d) Baha Sereng—Balaram Tudu.

(e) Dong Sereng—Padmashri Bhagwat Murmu ‘Thakur’.

(f) Hor Sereng—Raghunath Murmu.

(g) Soros Sereng—Babulal Murmu “Adivasi”.

(h) More Sin More Ndia—Rup Chand Hansda.

(i) Judasi Madwa Latar—Tez Narayan Murmu.

Section B
Modern Literature

Part I—Poetry
(a) Onorhen Baha Dhalwak—Paul Jujhar Soren.
(b) Asar Binti—Narayan Soren “Tore Sutam”.
(c) Chand Mala—Gora Chand Tudu.

115

(d) Onto Baha Mala—Aditya Mitra “Santhali”.
(e) Tiryo Tetang—Hari Har Hansda.
(f) Sisirjon Rar—Thakur Prasad Murmu.
Part II—Novels
(a) Harmawak Ato—R.Karstiars (Translator—R.K. Kisku Rapaz).
(b) Manu Mati—Chandra Mohan Hansda.
(c) Ato Orak—Doman Hansdak.
(d) Ojoy Gada Dhiph re—Nathenial Murmu.
Part III—Stories
(a) Jiyon Gada—Rup Chand Hansda and Jadumani Beshra.

(b) Mayajaal—Doman Sahu ‘Samir’ and Padmashri Bhagwat Murmu ‘Thakur’.
Part IV—Drama
(a) Kherwar Bir—Pandit Raghunath Murmu.
(b) Juri Khatir—Dr. K.C. Tudu.
(c) Birsa Bir—Ravi Lal Tudu.
Part V—Biography
Santal Ko Ren Mayam Gohako—Dr. Biswanath Hansda.

116

SINDHI
PAPER I
Answers must be written in Sindhi
(Arabic or Devanagari Script)
Section A
1. (a) Origin and evolution of Sindhi language—views of different scholars.
(b) Significant linguistic features of Sindhi language, including those pertaining to its phonology,
morphology and syntax.
(c) Major dialects of the Sindhi language.
(d) Sindhi vocabulary—stages of its growth, including those in the pre-partition and post-partition
periods.
(e) Historical study of various Writing Systems (Scripts) of Sindhi.
(f) Changesin the structure of Sindhi language in India, after partition, due to influence of other
languages and social conditions.
Section B
2. Sindhi literature through the ages in context of socio-cultural conditions in the respective periods :
(a) Early medieval literature upto 1350 A.D. including folk literature.
(b) Late medieval period from 1350 A.D. to 1850 A.D.
(c) Renaissance period from 1850 A.D. to 1947 A.D.
(d) Modern period from 1947 and onwards.
(Literary genres in Modern Sindhi literature andexperiments in poetry, drama, novel, short story,
essay, literary criticism, biography, autobiography, memoirs and travelogues.)
PAPER II
Answer must be written in Sindhi
(Arabic or Devanagari script)
This paper will require the first-hand reading of the texts prescribed and will be designed to test the
candidate’s critical ability.
Section A
References to context and critical appreciation of the texts included in this section.
(1) Poetry
a. ‘‘Shah Jo Choond Shair’’ : ed. H.I. Sadarangani, Published by Sahitya Akademi (First 100 pages).
b. ‘‘Sachal Jo Choond Kalam’’ : ed. Kalyan B. Advani Published by Sahitya Akademi (Kafis only).
c. ‘‘Sami-a-ja Choond Sloka’’ : ed. B.H. Nagrani Published by Sahitya Akademi (First 100 pages).
d. ‘‘Shair-e-Bewas’’ : by Kishinchand Bewas(“Saamoondi Sipoon’’ portion only).
e. ‘‘Roshan Chhanvro’’ : Narayan Shyam.
f. ‘‘Virhange Khapoi je Sindhi Shair jee Choond’’ : ed. H.I. Sadarangani, published by Sahitya Akademi.
(2)Drama
g. ‘‘Behtareen Sindhi Natak’’ (One-act Plays) : Edited by M. Kamal Published by Gujarat Sindhi

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Academy.
h. ‘‘Kako Kaloomal’’ (Full-length Play ) : by Madan Jumani.
Section B
References to context and critical appreciation of the texts included in this section.
a. ‘Pakheeara Valar Khan Vichhrya’ (Novel) : by Gobind Malhi.
b. ‘Sat Deenhan’ (Novel) : by Krishin Khatwani.
c. ‘Choond Sindhi Kahanyoon’ (Short Stories) Vol. III. : Edited by Prem Prakash, published by Sahitya
Akademi.
d. ‘Bandhan’ (Short Stories) : Sundari Uttamchandani.
e. ‘Behtareen Sindhi Mazmoon’ (Essays): Edited by Hiro Thakur, published by Gujarat Sindhi Academi.
f. ‘Sindhi Tanqeed’ (Criticism) : Edited by Harish Vaswani : Published by Sahitya Akademi.
g. ‘Mumhinjee Hayati-a-ja Sona Ropa varqa’ (Autobiography) : by Popati Hiranandani.
h. ‘‘Dr. Choithram Gidwani’’ (Biography) : by Vishnu Sharma.

TAMIL
PAPER I
Answers must be written in Tamil
Section A
Part 1: History of Tamil Language
Major Indian Language Families—The place of Tamil among Indian Languages in general and
Dravidian in particular—Enumeration and Distribution of Dravidian languages.
The language of Sangam Literature—The language of medieval Tamil : Pallava Period only—Historical study
of Nouns, Verbs, Adjectives, Adverbs—Tense markers and case markers in Tamil.
Borrowing of words from other languages into Tamil—Regional and social dialects—difference between
literary and spoken Tamil.
Part 2 : History of Tamil Literature
Tolkappiyam-Sangam Literature—The division of Akam and Puram—The secular characteristics of Sangam
Literature—The development of Ethical literature—Silappadikaram and Manimekalai.
Part 3 : Devotional Literature (Alwars and Nayanamars)
The bridal mysticism in Alwar hymns—Minor literary forms (Tutu, Ula, Parani, Kuravanji).
Social factors for the development of Modern Tamil Literature; Novel, Short Story and New Poetry—The
impact of various political ideologies on modern writings.
Section B
Part 1 : Recent trends in Tamil Studies
Approaches to criticism : Social, psychological, historical and moralistic—the use of criticism—the various
techniques in literature; Ullurai, Iraicchi, Thonmam (Myth) Otturuvagam (allegory), Angadam (Satire),
Meyappadu, Padimam (image), Kuriyeedu (Symbol), Irunmai (Ambiguity)—The concept of comparative
literature-the principle of comparative literature.
Part 2 : Folk literature in Tamil

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Ballads, Songs, proverbs and riddles—Sociological study of Tamil folklore. Uses of translation—Translation
of Tamil works into other languages-Development of journalism in Tamil.
Part 3 : Cultural Heritage of the Tamils
Concept of Love and War—Concept of Aram-the ethical codes adopted by the ancient Tamils in their
warfare-customs beliefs, rituals, modes of worship in the five Thinais.
The Cultural changes as revealed in post sangam literature—cultural fusion in the medieval period (Jainism
and Buddhism). The development of arts and architecture through the ages (Pallavas, later Cholas, and
Nayaks). The impact of various political, social, religious and cultural movements on Tamil Society. The
role of mass media in the cultural change of contemporary Tamil society.
PAPER II
Answers must be written in Tamil
The paper will require first-hand reading of the text prescribed and will be designed to test thecritical ability
of the candidate.
Section A
Part 1 : Ancient Literature
(1) Kuruntokai (1—25 poems)
(2) Purananuru (182—200 poems)
(3) Tirukkural Porutpal : Arasiyalum Amaichiyalum (from Iraimatchi to Avaianjamai).
Part 2 : Epic Literature
(1) Silappadikaram : Madhurai Kandam only.
(2) Kambaramayanam : Kumbakarunan Vadhai Padalam.
Part 3 : Devotional Literature
(1) Tiruvasagam : Neetthal Vinnappam
(2) Tiruppavai : (Full Text).
Section B
Modern Literature
Part 1 : Poetry
(1) Bharathiar : Kannan Pattu
(2) Bharathidasan : Kudumba Vilakku
(3) Naa. Kamarasan : Karappu Malarkal
Prose
(1) Mu. Varadharajanar : Aramum Arasiyalum
(2) C. N. Annadurai : Ye! Thazhntha Tamilagame.
Part 2 : Novel, Short Story and Drama
(1) Akilon ; Chittairappavai
(2) Jayakanthan : Gurupeedam
(3) Cho : Yaurkkum Vetkamillai
Part 3 : Folk Literature
(1) Muthuppattan kathai Edited by Na. Vanamamalai, (Publication : Madurai Kamaraj University).

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(2) Malaiyaruvi, Edited by Ki. Va Jagannathan (Publication : Saraswathi Mahal, Thanjavur).

TELUGU

PAPER I

Answer must be written in Telugu

Section A : Language

1. Place of Telugu among Dravidian languages and its antiquity—Etymological History of Telugu,Tenugu
and Andhra.

2. Major linguistic changes in phonological, morphological, grammatical and syntactical levels, from Proto-
Dravidian to old Telugu and from old Telugu to Modern Telugu.

3. Evolution of spoken Telugu when compared to classical Telugu-Formal and functional view of Telugu
language.

4. Influence of other languages and its impact on Telugu.

5. Modernization of Telugu language :

(a) Linguistic and literary movements and their role in modernization of Telugu.

(b) Role of media in modernization of Telugu (News-papers, Radio, TV etc.)

(c) Problems of terminology and mechanisms in coining new terms in Telugu in various discourses
including scientific and technical.

6. Dialects of Telugu—Regional and social variations and problems of Standardization.

7. Syntax—Major divisions of Telugu sentences—simple, complex and compound sentences—Noun and
verb predications—Processes of nominalization and relativization—Direct and indirect reporting-conversion
processes.

8. Translation—Problems of translation, cultural, social and idiomatic—Methods of translation—
Approaches to translation—Literary and other kinds of translation—Various uses of translation.

Section B : Literature

1. Literature in Pre-Nannaya Period—Marga and Desi poetry.

2. Nannaya Period—Historical and literary background of Andhra Mahabharata.

3. Saiva poets and their contribution—Dwipada, Sataka, Ragada, Udaharana.

4. Tikkana and his place in Telugu literature.

5. Errana and his literary works—Nachana Somana and his new approach to poetry.

6. Srinatha and Potana—Their works and contribution.

7. Bhakti poets in Telugu literature—Tallapaka Annamayya, ramadasu, tyagayya.

8. Evolution of prabandhas—Kavya and prabandha.

9. Southern school of Telugu literature-raghunatha Nayaka, chemakura vankatakavi and women poets-
Literary forms like yakshagana, prose and padakavita.

10. Modern Telugu Literature and literary forms—Novel, Short Story, Drama, Playlet and poetic forms.

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11. Literary Movements : Reformation, Nationalism, Neo-classisicism, Romanticism and Progressive,
Revolutionary movements.

12. Digambarakavulu, feminist and dalit Literature.

13. Main divisions of folk literature—Performing folk arts.

PAPER II

Answer must be written in Telugu

This paper will require first hand reading of the prescribed texts and will be designed to test the candidate’s
critical ability, which will be in relation to the following approaches :—

(i) Aesthetic approach—Rassa, Dhawani, Vakroti and Auchitya—Formal and Structural-Imagery and
Symbolism.

(ii) Sociological, Historical, Ideological, Psychological approaches.

Section A

1. Nannaya-Dushyanta Chritra (Adiparva 4th Canto verses 5—109).

2. Tikkana-Sri Krishna Rayabaramu (Udyoga parva-3rd Canto verses 1—144).

3. Srinath-Guna Nidhi Katha (Kasikhandam, 4th Canto, verses 76—133).

4. Pingali Surana-sugatri Salinulakatha (Kalapurno-dayamu 4 Canto verses, 60—142).

5. Molla-Ramayanamu (Balakanda including avatarika).

6. Kasula Purushothama Kavi—Andhra Nayaka Satakamu.

Section B

7. Gurajada Appa Rao—Animutyalu (Short stories).

8. Viswanatha Satyanarayana—Andhra prasasti.

9. Devulapalli Krishna Sastry—Krishnapaksham (excluding Uravsi and Pravasam).

10. Sri Sri-Maha prastanam.

11. Jashuva-Gabbilam (Part I).

12. C. Narayana Reddy—Karpuravasanta rayalu.

13. Kanuparti Varalakshmamma—Sarada lekhalu (Part I).

14. Atreya—N.G.O.

15. Racha Konda Viswanatha Sastry—Alpajaeevi.

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URDU

PAPER I

Answer must be written in Urdu

Section A

Development of Urdu Language

(a) Development of Indo-Aryan

(i) Old Indo-Aryan

(ii) Middle Indo-Aryan

(iii) New Indo-Aryan.

(b) Western Hindi and its dialects Brij Bhasha Khadi Boli, Haryanavi, Kannauji, Bundeli—Theories about
the origin of Urdu language.

(c) Dakhani Urdu—origin and development, its significant linguistic features.

(d) Social and Cultural roots of Urdu language— and its distinctive features.

Script, Phonology, Morphology, Vocabulary.

Section B

(a) Genres and their development :

(i) Poetry: Ghazal, Masnavi, Qasida, Marsia, Rubai Jadid Nazm.

(ii) Prose : Novel, Short Story, Dastan, Drama, Inshaiya, Khutoot, Biography.

(b) Significant features of : (i) Deccani, Delhi and Lucknow schools, (ii) Sir Syed movement, Romantic
movement, Progressive movement, Modernism.

(c) Literary Criticism and its development with reference to Hali, Shibli, Kaleemuddin Ahmad, Ehtisham
Hussain, Ale-Ahmad Suroor.

(d) Essay writing (covering literary and imaginativetopics).

PAPER II

Answer must be written in Urdu

This paper will require first hand reading of the texts prescribed and will be designed to test the candidate's
critical ability.

Section A

1. Mir Amman Bagho-Babar
2. Ghalib Intikhab-e-Khutoot-e Ghalib
3. Mohd. Husain Azad Nairang-e-Khayal
4. Prem Chand Godan
5. Rajendra Singh Bedi Apne Dukh Mujhe Dedo
6. Abul Kalam Azad Ghubar-e-Khatir

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Section B

1. Mir Intikhab-e-Kalam-e-Mir (Ed. Abdul Haq.)
2. Mir Hasan Sahrul Bayan
3. Ghalib Diwan-e-Ghalib
4. Iqbal Bal-e-Jibrail
5. Firaq Gul-e-Naghma
6. Faiz Dast-e-Saba
7. Akhtruliman Bint-e-Lamhat

MANAGEMENT

The candidate should make a study of the concept of development of Management as science and art drawing
upon the contributions of leading thinkers of management and apply the concepts to the real life of government
and business decision-making keeping in view the changes in the strategic and operative environment.

PAPER I

1. Managerial Function and Process :

Concept and foundations of management, Evolution of Management Thoughts; Managerial Functions—
Planning, Organizing, Controlling; Decision-making; Role of Manager, Managerial skills; Entrepreneurship;
Management of innovation; Managing in a global environment, Flexible Systems Management; Social
responsibility and managerial ethics; Process and customer orientation; Managerial processes on direct and
indirect value chain.

2. Organisational Behaviour and Design :

Conceptual model of organization behaviour; The individual processes—personality, values and attitude,
perception, motivation, learning and reinforcement, work stress and stress management; The dynamics of
Organization behaviour—power and politics, conflict and negotiation, leadership process and styles,
communication; The Organizational Processes—decision-making, job design; Classical, Neoclassical and
Contingency approaches to organizational design; Organizational theory and design—Organizational
culture, managing cultural diversity, learning Organization; Organizational change and development;
Knowledge Based Enterprise—systems and processes; Networked and virtual organizations.

3. Human Resource Management :

HR challenges; HRM functions; The future challenges of HRM; Strategic Management of human resources;
Human resource planning; Job analysis; Job evaluation, Recruitment and selection; Training and
development; Promotion and transfer; Performance management; Compensation management and benefits;
Employee morale and productivity; Management of Organizational climate and Industrial relations; Human
resources accounting and audit; Human resource information system; International human resource
management.

4. Accounting for Managers :
Financial accounting—concept, importance and scope, generally accepted accounting principles,
preparation of financial statements with special reference to analysis of a balance sheet and measurement
of business income, inventory valuation and depreciation, financial statement analysis, fund flow analysis,

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the statement of cash flows; Management accounting concept, need, importance and scope; Cost
accounting—records and processes, cost ledger and control accounts, reconciliation and integration
between financial and cost accounts; Overhead cost and control, Job and process costing, Budget and
budgetary control, Performance budgeting, Zero-base budgeting, relevant costing and costing for decision-
making, standard costing and variance analysis, marginal costing and absorption costing.
5. Financial Management :
Goal of Finance Function. Concepts of value and return. Valuation of bonds and Shares; Management of
working capital : Estimation and Financing; Management of cash, receivables, inventory and current
liabilities; Cost of capital ; Capital budgeting; Financial and operating leverage; Design of capital structure:
theories and practices; Shareholder value creation: dividend policy, corporate financial policy and strategy,
management of corporate distress and restructuring strategy; Capital and money markets: institutions and
instruments; Leasing hire purchase and venture capital; Regulation of capital market; Risk and return:
portfolio theory; CAPM; APT; Financial derivatives: option, futures, swap; Recent reforms in financial sector.
6. Marketing Management :
Concept, evolution and scope; Marketing strategy formulation and components of marketing plan;
Segmenting and targeting the market; Positioning and differentiating the market offering; Analyzing
competition; Analyzing consumer markets; Industrial buyer behaviour; Market research; Product strategy;
Pricing strategies; Designing and managing Marketing channels; Integrated marketing communications;
Building customer staisfaction, Value and retention; Services and non-profit marketing; Ethics in
marketing; Consumer protection; Internet marketing; Retail management; Customer relationship
management; Concept of holistic marketing.
PAPER-II
1. Quantitative Techniques in Decision-making :
Descriptive statistics—tabular, graphical and numerical methods, introduction to probability, discrete and
continuous probability distributions, inferential statistics-sampling distributions, central limit theorem,
hypothesis testing for differences between means and proportions, inference about population variances,
Chisquare and ANOVA, simple correlation and regression, time series and forecasting, decision theory, index
numbers; Linear programming—problem formulation, simplex method and graphical solution, sensitivity
analysis.
2. Production and Operations Management :
Fundamentals of operations management; Organizing for production; Aggregate production planning,
capacity planning, plant design: process planning, plant size and scale of operations, Management of
facilities; Line balancing; Equipment replacement and maintenance; Production control; Supply, chain
management—vendor evaluation and audit; Quality management; Statistical process control, Six Sigma;
Flexibility and agility in manufacturing systems; World class manufacturing; Project management concepts,
R&D management, Management of service operations; Role and importance of materials management, value
analysis, make or buy decision; Inventory control, MRP; Waste management.
3. Management Information System :
Conceptual foundations of information systems; Information theory; Information resource management;
Types of information Systems; Systems Development—Overview of Systems and Design; System
Development management life-cycle, Designing online and distributed environments; Implementation and
control of project; Trends in information technology; Managing data resources—Organising data. DSS
and RDBMS; Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Expert systems, e-Business architecture, e-Governance;

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Information systems planning, Flexibility in information systems; User involvement; Evaluation of
information systems.
4. Government Business Interface :
State participation in business, Interaction between Government, Business and different Chambers of
Commerce and Industry in India; Government’s policy with regard to Small Scale Industries; Government
clearances for establishing a new enterprise; Public Distribution System; Government control over price and
distribution; Consumer Protection Act (CPA) and The Role of Voluntary Organizations in protecting
consumers’ rights; New Industrial Policy of the Government : liberalization, deregulation and privatisation;
Indian planning system; Government policy concerning development of Backward areas/regions; The
Responsibilities of the business as well as the Government to protect the environment; Corporate
Governance; Cyber Laws.
5. Strategic Cost Management :
Business policy as a field of study; Nature and scope of strategic management, Strategic intent, vision,
objectives and policies; Process of strategic planning and implementa-tion; Environmental analysis and
internal analysis; SWOT analysis; Tools and techniques for strategic analysis—Impact matrix: The
experience curve, BCG matrix, GEC mode, Industry analysis, Concept of value chain; Strategic profile of a
firm; Framework for analysing competition; Competitive advantage of a firm; Generic competitive strategies;
Growth strategies—expansion, integration and diversification; Concept of core competence, Strategic
flexibility; Reinventing strategy; Strategy and structure; chief Executive and Board; turnaround
management; Management of strategic change; Strategic alliances, Mergers and Acquisitions; Strategy and
corporate evolution in the Indian context.
6. International Business :
International Business Environment : Changing composition of trade in goods and services; India’s Foreign
Trade: Policy and trends; Financing of International trade; Regional Economic Cooperation; FTAs;
Internationalisation of service firms; International production; Operation Management in International
companies; International Taxation; Global competitiveness and technological developments; Global E-
Business; Designing global organisational structure and control; Multicultural management; Global
business strategy; Global marketing strategies; Export Management; Export-Import procedures; Joint
Ventures; Foreign Investment: Foreign direct investment and foreign portfolio investment; Cross-border
Mergers and Acquisitions; Foreign Exchange Risk Exposure Management; World Financial Markets and
International Banking; External Debt Management; Country Risk Analysis.

MATHEMATICS
PAPER I
(1) Linear Algebra :
Vector spaces over R and C, linear dependence and independence, subspaces, bases, dimensions, Linear
transformations, rank and nullity, matrix of a linear transformation.
Algebra of Matrices; Row and column reduction, Echelon form, congruence’s and similarity; Rankof a
matrix; Inverse of a matrix; Solution of system of linear equations; Eigenvalues and eigenvectors,
characteristic polynomial, Cayley-Hamilton theorem, Symmetric, skew-symmetric, Hermitian, skew-
Hermitian, orthogonal and unitary matrices and their eigenvalues.
(2) Calculus :

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Real numbers, functions of a real variable, limits, continuity, differentiability, mean-value theorem, Taylor’s
theorem with remainders, indeterminate forms, maxima and minima, asymptotes; Curve tracing; Functions
of two or three variables; Limits, continuity, partial derivatives, maxima and minima, Lagrange’s method of
multipliers, Jacobian.
Riemann’s definition of definite integrals; Indefinite integrals; Infinite and improper integral; Double and
triple integrals (evaluation techniques only); Areas, surface and volumes.
(3) Analytic Geometry :
Cartesian and polar coordinates in three dimensions, second degree equations in three variables, reduction
to Canonical forms; straight lines, shortest distance between two skew lines, Plane, sphere, cone, cylinder,
paraboloid, ellipsoid, hyperboloid of one and two sheets and their properties.
(4) Ordinary Differential Equations :
Formulation of differential equations; Equations of first order and first degree, integrating factor; Orthogonal
trajectory; Equations of first order but not of first degree, Clairaut’s equation, singular solution.
Second and higher order liner equations with constant coefficients, complementary function, particular
integral and general solution.
Section order linear equations with variable coefficients, Euler-Cauchy equation; Determination of complete
solution when one solution is known using method of variation of parameters.
Laplace and Inverse Laplace transforms and their properties, Laplace transforms of elementary functions.
Application to initial value problems for 2nd order linear equations with constant coefficients.
(5) Dynamics and Statics :
Rectilinear motion, simple harmonic motion, motion in a plane, projectiles; Constrained motion; Work and
energy, conservation of energy; Kepler’s laws, orbits under central forces.
Equilibrium of a system of particles; Work and potential energy, friction, Common catenary; Principle of
virtual work; Stability of equilibrium, equilibrium of forces in three dimensions.
(6) Vector Analysis :
Scalar and vector fields, differentiation of vector field of a scalar variable; Gradient, divergence and curl in
cartesian and cylindrical coordinates; Higher order derivatives; Vector identities and vector equation.
Application to geometry : Curves in space, curvature and torsion; Serret-Furenet's formulae.
Gauss and Stokes’ theorems, Green's identities.
PAPER II
(1) Algebra :
Groups, subgroups, cyclic groups, cosets, Lagrange’s Theorem, normal subgroups, quotient groups,
homomorphism of groups, basic isomorphism theorems, permutation groups, Cayley’s theorem.
Rings, subrings and ideals, homomorphisms of rings; Integral domains, principal ideal domains, Euclidean
domains and unique factorization domains; Fields, quotient fields.
(2) Real Analysis :
Real number system as an ordered field with least upper bound property; Sequences, limit of a sequence,
Cauchy sequence, completeness of real line; Series and its convergence, absolute and conditional
convergence of series of real and complex terms, rearrangement of series. Continuity and uniform continuity
of functions, properties of continuous functions on compact sets.
Riemann integral, improper integrals; Fundamental theorems of integral calculus.
Uniform convergence, continuity, differentiability and integrability for sequences and series of functions;

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Partial derivatives of functions of several (two or three) variables, maxima and minima.

(3) Complex Analysis :
Analytic function, Cauchy-Riemann equations, Cauchy's theorem, Cauchy's integral formula, power series,
representation of an analytic function, Taylor’s series; Singularities; Laurent’s series; Cauchy’s residue
theorem; Contour integration.

(4) Linear Programming :
Linear programming problems, basic solution, basic feasible solution and optimal solution; Graphical
method and simplex method of solutions; Duality.
Transportation and assignment problems.

(5) Partial Differential Equations :
Family of surfaces in three dimensions and formulation of partial differential equations; Solution of
quasilinear partial differential equations of the first order, Cauchy’s method of characteristics; Linear partial
differential equations of the second order with constant coefficients, canonical form; Equation of a vibrating
string,heatequation,Laplaceequation and their solutions.

(6) Numerical Analysis and Computer Programming :
Numerical methods: Solution of algebraic and transcendental equations of one variable by bisection,
Regula-Falsi and Newton-Raphson methods, solution of system of linear equations by Gaussian Elimination
and Gauss-Jorden (direct), Gauss-Seidel (iterative) methods. Newton’s (forward and backward) and
interpolation, Lagrange’s interpolation.
Numerical integration: Trapezoidal rule, Simpson’s rule, Gaussian quadrature formula.
Numerical solution of ordinary differential equations : Eular and Runga Kutta methods.
Computer Programming : Binary system; Arithmetic and logical operations on numbers; Octal and
Hexadecimal Systems; Conversion to and from decimal Systems; Algebra of binary numbers.
Elements of computer systems and concept of memory; Basic logic gates and truth tables, Boolean algebra,
normal forms.
Representation of unsigned integers, signed integers and reals, double precision reals and long integers.
Algorithms and flow charts for solving numerical analysis problems.

(7) Mechanics and Fluid Dynamics :
Generalised coordinates; D’Alembert’s principle and Lagrange’s equations; Hamilton equations; Moment of
inertia; Motion of rigid bodies in two dimensions.
Equation of continuity; Euler’s equation of motion for inviscid flow; Stream-lines, path of a particle; Potential
flow; Two-dimensional and axisymmetric motion; Sources and sinks, vortex motion; Navier-Stokes equation
for a viscous fluid.

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

PAPER I

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1. Mechanics :

1.1 Mechanics of Rigid Bodies :

Equations of equilibrium in space and its application; first and second moments of area; simple problems
on friction; kinematics of particles for plane motion; elementary particle dynamics.

1.2 Mechanics of Deformable Bodies :

Generalized Hooke’s law and its application; design problems on axial stress, shear stress and bearing
stress; material properties for dynamic loading; bending shear and stresses in beams; determination of
principle stresses and strains-analytical and graphical; compound and combined stresses; bi-axial stresses-
thin walled pressure vessel; material behaviour and design factors for dynamic load; design of circular shafts
for bending and torsional load only; deflection of beam for statically determinate problems; theories of
failure.

2.Engineering Materials :

Basic concepts on structure of solids, common ferrous and non-ferrous materials and their applications;
heat-treatment of steels; non-metalsplastics, cermics, composite materials and nano-materials.

3.Theory of Machines :

Kinematic and dynamic analysis of plane mechanisms. Cams, Gears and epicyclic gear trains, flywheels,
governors, balancing of rigid rotors, balancing of single and multicy- linder engines, linear vibration analysis
of mechanical systems (single degree of freedom), Critical speeds and whirling of shafts.

4. Manufacturing Science :

4.1 Manufacturing Process:

Machine tool engineering - Merchant’s force analysis: Taylor’s tool life equation; conventional machining;
NC and CNC machining process; jigs and fixtures.

Non-conventional machining-EDM, ECM, ultrasonic, water jet machining etc.; application of lasers and
plasmas; energy rate calculations.

Forming and welding processes-standard processes.

Metrology-concept of fits and tolerances; tools and gauges; comparators; inspection of length; position;
profile and surface finish.

4.2 Manufacturing Management :

System design: factory location—simple OR models; plant layout-methods based; applications of engineering
economic analysis and break-even analysis for product selection, process selection and capacity planning;
predetermined time standards.

System planning; forecasting methods based on regression and decomposition, design and balancing of
multi model and stochastic assembly lines; inventory management-probabilistic inventory models for order
time and order quantity determination; JIT systems; strategic sourcing; managing inter plant logistics.

System operations and control: Scheduling algorithms for job shops; applications of statistical methods for
product and process quality control applications of control charts for mean, range, percent defective,
number of defectives and defects per unit; quality cost systems; management of resources, organizations
and risks in projects.

System improvement: Implementation of systems, such as total quality management, developing and
managing flexible, lean and agile Organizations.

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PAPER II

1. Thermodynamics, Gas Dynamics Turbine :

1.1 Basic concept of First-law and Second law of Thermodynamics; concept of entropy and reversibility;
availability and unavailability and irreversibility.

1.2 Classification and properties of fluids; incompressible and compressible fluids flows; effect of Mach
number and compressibility; continuity momentum and energy equations; normal and oblique shocks; one
dimensional isentropic flow; flow or fluids in duct with frictions that transfer.

1.3 Flow through fans, blowers and compressors; axial and centrifugal flow configuration; design of fans
and compressors; single problems compresses and turbine cascade; open and closed cycle gas turbines;
work done in the gas turbine; reheat and regenerators.

2. Heat Transfer :

2.1 Conduction heat transfer—general conduction equation-Laplace, Poisson and Fourier equations;
Fourier law of conduction; one dimensional steady state heat conduction applied to simple wall, solid and
hollow cylinder and spheres.

2.2 Convection heat transfer—Newton’s law of convection; free and forces convection; heat transfer during
laminar and turbulent flow of an incompressible fluid over a flat plate; concepts of Nusselt number,
hydrodynamic and thermal boundary layer their thickness; Prandtl number; analogy between heat and
momentum transfer—Reynolds, Colbum, Prandtl analogies; heat transfer during laminar and turbulent flow
through horizontal tubes; free convection from horizontal and vertical plates.

2.3 Black body radiation—basic radiation laws such as Stefan-boltzman, Planck distribution, Wein’s
displacement etc.

2.4 Basic heat exchanger analysis; classification of heat exchangers.

3. Engines :

3.1 Classification, themodynamic cycles of operation; determination of break power, indicated power,
mechanical efficiency, heat balance sheet, interpretation of performance characteristics, petrol, gas and
diesel engines.

3.2 Combustion in SI and CI engines, normal and abnormal combustion; effect of working parameters on
knocking, reduction of knocking; Forms of combustion chamber for SI and CI engines; rating of fuels;
additives; emission.

3.3 Different systems of IC engines-fuels; lubricating; cooling and transmission systems. Alternate fuels in
IC engines.

4. Steam Engineering :

4.1 Steam generation—modified Ranking cycle analysis; Modern steam boilers; steam at critical and
supercritical pressures; draught equipment; natural and artificial draught; boiler fuels solid, liquid and
gaseous fuels. Steam turbines—Principle; types; compounding; impulse and reaction turbines; axial thrust.

4.2 Steam nozzles—flow of steam in convergent and divergent nozzle pressure at throat for maximum
discharge with different initial steam conditions such as wet, saturated and superheated, effect of variation
of back pressure; supersaturated flow of steam in nozzles, Wilson line.

4.3 Rankine cycle with internal and external irreversibility; reheat factor; reheating and regeneration,
methods of governing; back pressure and pass out turbines.

4.4 Steam power plants—combined cycle power generation; heat recovery steam generators (HRSG) fired

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and unfired, co-generation plants.

5. Refrigeration and Air-conditioning :

5.1 Vapour compression refrigeration cycle—cycle on p-H & T-s diagrams; ecofriendly refrigerants—R 134a.
123; Systems like evaporators, condensers, compressor, expansion devices. Simple vapour absorption
systems.

5.2 Psychrometry—properties; processes; charts; sensible heating and cooling; humidification and
dehumidification effective temperature; air-conditioning load calculation; simple duct design.

MEDICAL SCIENCE

PAPER I

1. Human Anatomy :

Applied anatomy including blood and nerve supply of upper and lower limbs and joints of shoulder, hip and
knee.

Gross anatomy, blood supply and lymphatic drainage of tongue, thyroid, mammary gland, stomach, liver,
prostate, gonads and uterus.

Applied anatomy of diaphragm, perineum and inguinal region.

Clinical anatomy of kidney, urinary bladder, uterine tubes, vas deferens.

Embryology : Placenta and placental barrier. Development of heart, gut, kidney. uterus, ovary, testis and
their common congenital abnormalities.

Central and Peripheral Autonomic Nervous System : Gross and clinical anatomy of ventricles of brain,
circulation of cerebrospinal fluid; Neural pathways and lesions of cutaneous sensations, hearing and
vision; Cranial nerves distribution and clinical significance; Components of autonomic nervous system.

2. Human Physiology :

Conduction and transmission of impulse, mechanism of contraction, neuromuscular transmission, reflexes,
control of equilibrium, posture and muscle tone, descending pathways, functions of cerebellum, basal
ganglia, Physiology of sleep and consciousness.

Endocrine System : Mechanism of action of hormones; formation, secretion, transport, metabolism,
function and regulation of secretion of pancreas and pituitary gland.

Physiology of Reproductive System : Pregnancy menstrual cycle, lactation, pregnancy.

Blood : Development, regulation and fate of blood cells.

Cardio-vascular,cardiac output, blood pressure, regulation of cardiovascular functions.

3. Biochemistry :

Organ function tests—liver, kidney, thyroid Protein synthesis.

Vitamins and minerals.

Restriction fragment length.

polymorphism (RFLP).

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

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Radio-immunoassays (RIA).

4. Pathology :

Inflammation and repair, disturbances of growth and cancer, Pathogenesis and histopathologyof rheumatic
and ischaemic heart disease and diabetes mellitus. Differentiation between benign, malignant, primary and
metastatic malignancies, Pathogenesis and histopathology of bronchogenic carcinoma, carcinoma breast,
oral cancer, cancer cervix, leukemia, Etiology, pathogenesis and histopathology of—cirrhosis liver,
glomerulonephritis, tuberculosis, acute osteomyelitis.

5. Microbiology :

Humoral and cell mediated immunity.

Diseases caused by and laboratory diagnosis of —

* Meningococcus, Saimonella

* Shigella, Herpes, Dengue, Polio

* HIV/AIDS, Malaria, E. Histolytica, Giardia

* Candida, Cryptococcus, Aspergillus.

6. Pharmacology :

Mechanism of action and side effects of the following drugs :

* Antipyretics and analgesics, Antibiotics,

* Antimalaria, Antikala-azar, Antidiabetics,

* Antihypertensive, Antidiuretics, General and cardiac vasodilators, Antiviral, Antiparasitic, Antifungal,
Immunosuppressants,

* Anticancer.

7. Forensic Medicine and Toxicology

Forensic examination of injuries and wounds; Examination of blood and seminal stains;Poisoning, sedative
overdose, hanging, drowning, burns, DNA and finger print study.

PAPER-II

1. General Medicine

Etiology, clinical features, diagnosis and principles of management (including prevention) of—Typhoid,
Rabies, AIDS, Dengue, Kala-azar, Japanese Encephalitis.

Etiology, clinical features, diagnosis and principles of management of :

Ischaemic heart disease, pulmonary embolism.

Bronchial asthma.

Pleural effusion, tuberculosis, Malabsorption syndromes; acid peptic diseases, Viral hepatitis and cirrhosis
of liver.

Glomerulonephritis and pyelonephritis, renal failure, nephrotic syndrome, renovascular hypertension,
complications of diabetes mellitus, coagulation disorders, leukaemia, Hypo and hyper thyrodism, meningitis
and encephalitis.

Imaging in medical problems, ultrasound, echo- cardiogram, CT scan, MRI.

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Anxiety and Depressive Psychosis and schizophrenia and ECT.

2. Paediatrics

Immunization, Baby friendly hospital, congenital cyanotic heart disease, respiratory distress syndrome,
broncho— pneumonias, kernicterus. IMNCI classification and management, PEM grading and management.
ARI and Diarrhea of under five and their management.

3. Dermatology

Psoriasis, Allergic dermatitis, scabies, eczema, vitiligo, Stevan Johnson’s syndrome, Lichen Planus.

4. General Surgery

Clinical features, causes, diagnosis and principles of management of cleft palate, harelip.

Laryngeal tumour, oral and esophageal tumours.

Peripheral arterial diseases, varicose veins, coarctation of aorta.

Tumours of Thyroid, Adrenal, Glands.

Abscess cancer, fibroadenoma and adenosis of breast.

Bleeding peptic ulcer, tuberculosis of bowel, ulcerative colitis, cancer stomach.

Renal mass, cancer prostatie.

Haemothorax, stones of Gall bladder, Kidney, Ureter and Urinary Bladder.

Management of surgical conditions of Rectum, Anus and Anal canal, Gall bladder and Bile ducts.

Splenomegaly, cholecystitis, portal hypertension, liver abscess, peritonitis, carcinoma head of pancreas.

Fractures of spine, Colles’ fracture and bone tumors.

Endoscopy.

Laprascopic Surgery.

5. Obstetrics and Gynaecology including Family Planning

Diagnosis of pregnancy.

Labour management, complications of 3rd stage, Antepartum and postpartum hemorrhage, resuscitation
of the newborn, Management of abnormal life and difficult labour. Management of small for date or
premature newborn.

Diagnosis and management of anemia. Preeclampsia and Toxaemias of pregnancy, Management of Post-
menopausal Syndrome.

Intra-uterine devices, pills, tubectomy and vasectomy. Medical termination of pregnancy including legal
aspects.

Cancer cervix.

Leucorrhoea, pelvic pain; infertility, dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB), amenorrhoea, Fibroid and
prolapse of uterus.

6. Community Medicine (Preventive and Social Medicine)

Principles, methods approach and measurements of Epidemiology.

Nutrition, nutritional diseases/diorders and Nutrition Programmes.

Health information Collection, Analysis and Presentation.

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Objectives, components and critical analysis of National programmes for control/eradication of :

Malaria, Kala-azar, Filaria and Tuberculosis,

HIV/AIDS, STDs and Dengue.

Critical appraisal of Health care delivery system.

Health management and administration; Techniques, Tools, Programme Implementation and Evaluation.

Objectives, Components, Goals and Status of Reproductive and Child Health, National Rural Health Mission
and Millennium Development Goals.

Management of hospital and industrial waste.

PHILOSOPHY

PAPER-I

History and Problems of Philosophy

1. Plato and Aristotle : Ideas; Substance; Form and Matter; Causation; Actuality and Potentiality.

2. Rationalism (Descartes, Spinoza, Leibniz); Cartesian Method and Certain Knowledge; Substance;
God; Mind-Body Dualism; Determinism and Freedom.

3. Empiricism (Locke, Berkeley, Hume) : Theory of Knowledge; Substance and Qualities; Self and God;
Scepticism.

4. Kant: Possibility of Synthetic a priori Judgments; Space and Time; Categories; Ideas of Reason;
Antinomies; Critique of Proofs for the Existence of God.

5. Hegel : Dialectical Method; Absolute Idealism.

6. Moore, Russell and Early Wittgenstein : Defence of Commonsense; Refutation of Idealism; Logical
Atomism; Logical Constructions; Incomplete Symbols; Picture Theory of Meaning; Sying and Showing.

7. Logical Positivism : Verification Theory of Meaning; Rejection of Metaphysics; Linguistic Theory of
Necessary Propositions.

8. Later Wittgenstein : Meaning and Use; Language-games; Critique of Private Language.

9. Phenomenology (Husserl): Method; Theory of Essences; Avoidance of Psychologism.

10. Existentialism (Kierkegaard, Sarte, Heidegger): Existence and Essence; Choice, Responsibility and
Authentic Existence; Being-in-the-world and Temporality.

11. Quine and Strawson : Critique of Empiricism; Theory of Basic Particulars and Persons.

12. Carvaka : Theory of Knowlegde; Rejection of Transcendent Entities.

13. Jainism : Theory of Reality; Saptabhanginaya; Bondage and Liberation.

14. Schools of Buddhism : Prat Ityasamutpada; Ksanikavada, Nairatmyavada.

15. Nyaya—Vaiesesika : Theory of Categories; Theory of Appearance; Theory of Pramana; Self, Liberation;
God; Proofs for the Existence of God; Theory of Causation; Atomistic Theory of Creation.

16. Samkhya; Prakrit; Purusa; Causation; Liberation.

17. Yoga; Citta; Cittavrtti; Klesas; Samadhi; Kaivalya.

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18. Mimamsa: Theory of Knowlegde.

19. Schools of Vedanta : Brahman; Isvara; Atman; Jiva; Jagat; Maya; Avida; Adhyasa; Moksa;
Aprthaksiddhi; Pancavidhabheda.

20. Aurobindo: Evolution, Involution; Integral Yoga.

PAPER-II

Socio-Political Philosophy

1. Social and Political ldeals : Equality, Justice, Liberty.

2. Sovereignty : Austin, Bodin, Laski, Kautilya.

3. Individual and State : Rights; Duties and Accountability.

4. Forms of Government : Monarchy; Theocracy and Democracy.

5. Political Ideologies: Anarchism; Marxism and Socialism.

6. Humanism; Secularism; Multi-culturalism.

7. Crime and Punishment : Corruption, Mass Violence, Genocide, Capital Punishment.

8. Development and Social Progress.

9. Gender Discrimination : Female Foeticide, Land and Property Rights; Empowerment.

10. Caste Discrimination : Gandhi and Ambedkar.

Philosophy of Religion

1. Notions of God : Attributes; Relation to Man and the World. (Indian and Western).

2. Proofs for the Existence of God and their Critique (Indian and Western).

3. Problem of Evil.

4. Soul : Immortality; Rebirth and Liberation.

5. Reason, Revelation and Faith.

6. Religious Experience : Nature and Object (Indian and Western).

7. Religion without God.

8. Religion and Morality.

9. Religious Pluralism and the Problem of Absolute Truth.

10. Nature of Religious Language : Analogical and Symbolic; Cognitivist and Non-cognitive.

PHYSICS

PAPER-I

1. (a) Mechanics of Particles :

Laws of motion; conservation of energy and momentum, applications to rotating frames, centripetal
and Coriolis accelerations; Motion under a central force; Conservation of angular momentum, Kepler’s laws;
Fields and potentials; Gravitational field and potential due to spherical bodies, Gauss and Poisson
equations, gravitational self-energy; Two-body problem; Reduced mass; Rutherford scattering; Centre of
mass and laboratory reference frames.

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(b) Mechanics of Rigid Bodies :

System of particles; Centre of mass, angular momentum, equations of motion; Conservation theorems
for energy, momentum and angular momentum; Elastic and inelastic collisions; Rigid Body; Degrees of
freedom, Euler’s theorem, angular velocity, angular momentum, moments of inertia, theorems of parallel
and perpendicular axes, equation of motion for rotation; Molecular rotations (as rigid bodies); Di and tri-
atomic molecules; Precessional motion; top, gyroscope.

(c) Mechanics of Continuous Media :

Elasticity, Hooke’s law and elastic constants of isotropic solids and their inter-relation; Streamline
(Laminar) flow, viscosity, Poiseuille’s equation, Bernoulli’s equation, Stokes’ law and applications.

(d) Special Relativity :

Michelson-Morely experiment and its implications; Lorentz transformations length contraction, time
dilation, addition of relativistic velocities, aberration and Doppler effect, mass-energy relation, simple
applications to a decay process. Four dimensional momentum vector; Covariance of equations of physics.

2. Waves and Optics :

(a) Waves :

Simple harmonic motion, damped oscillation, forced oscillation and resonance; Beats; Stationary
waves in a string; Pulses and wave packets; Phase and group velocities; Reflection and refraction from
Huygens’ principle.

(b) Geometrial Optics :

Laws of reflection and refraction from Fermat’s principle; Matrix method in paraxial optic-thin lens
formula, nodal planes, system of two thin lenses, chromatic and spherical aberrations.

(c) Interference :

Interference of light -Young’s experiment, Newton’s rings, interference by thin films, Michelson
interferometer; Multiple beam interference and Fabry Perot interferometer.

(d) Diffraction :

Fraunhofer diffraction - single slit, double slit, diffraction grating, resolving power; Diffraction by a
circular aperture and the Airy pattern; Fresnel diffraction: half-period zones and zone plates, circular
aperture.

(e) Polarisation and Modern Optics :

Production and detection of linearly and circularly polarized light; Double refraction, quarter wave
plate; Optical activity; Principles of fibre optics, attenuation; Pulse dispersion in step index and parabolic
index fibres; Material dispersion, single mode fibers; Lasers-Einstein A and B coefficients. Ruby and He-Ne
lasers. Characteristics of laser light-spatial and temporal coherence; Focusingof laser beams. Three-level
scheme for laser operation; Holography and simple applications.

3. Electricity and Magnetism :

(a) Electrostatics and Magnetostatics :

Laplace and Poisson equations in electrostatics and their applications; Energy of a system of charges,
multipole expansion of scalar potential; Method of images and its applications. Potentialand field due to a
dipole, force and torqueon a dipole in an external field; Dielectrics, polarisation. Solutions to boundary-
value problems-conducting and dielectricspheres in a uniform electric field; Magnetic shell, uniformly

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magnetised sphere; Ferromagnetic materials, hysteresis, energy loss.

(b) Current Electricity :

Kirchhoff's laws and their applications. Biot-Savart law, Ampere’s law, Faraday’s law, Lenz’ law. Self-
and mutual- inductances; Mean and rms values in AC circuits; DC and AC circuits with R, L and C
components; Series and parallel resonance; Quality factor; Principle of transformer.

4. Electromagnetic Waves and Blackbody Radiation :

Displacement current and Maxwell’s equations; Wave equations in vacuum, Poynting theorem; Vector
and scalar potentials; Electromagnetic field tensor, covariance of Maxwell’s equations; Wave equations in
isotropic dielectrics, reflection and refraction at the boundary of two dielectrics; Fresnel’s relations; Total
internal reflection; Normal and anomalous dispersion; Rayleigh scattering; Blackbody radiation and
Planck ’s radiation law- Stefan-Boltzmann law, Wien’s displacement law and Rayleigh-Jeans law.

5. Thermal and Statistical Physics :

(a) Thermodynamics :

Laws of thermodynamics, reversible and irreversible processes, entropy; Isothermal, adiabatic,
isobaric, isochoric processes and entropy changes; Otto and Diesel engines, Gibbs’ phase rule and chemical
potential; Van der Waals equation of state of a real gas, critical constants; Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution
of molecular velocities, transport phenomena, equipartition and virial theorems; Dulong-Petit, Einstein, and
Debye’s theories of specific heat of solids; Maxwell relations and application; Clausius-Clapeyron equation.
Adiabatic demagnetisation, Joule-Kelvin effect and liquefaction of gases.

(b) Statistical Physics :

Macro and micro states, statistical distributions, Maxwell-Boltzmann, Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac
Distributions, applications to specific heat of gases and blackbody radiation; Concept of negative
temperatures.

PAPER-II

1. Quantum Mechanics :

Wave-particle duality; Schroedinger equation and expectation values; Uncertainty principle; Solutions of
the one-dimensional Schroedinger equation for free particle (Gaussian wave-packet), particle in a box,
particle in a finite well, linear harmonic oscillator; Reflection and transmission by a step potential and by a
rectangular barrier; Particle in a three dimensional box, density of states, free electron theory of metals;
Angular momentum; Hydrogen atom; Spin half particles, properties of Pauli spin matrices.

2. Atomic and Molecular Physics :

Stern-Gerlach experiment, electron spin, fine structure of hydrozen atom; L-S coupling, J-J coupling;
Spectroscopic notation of atomic states; Zeeman effect; Franck-Condon principle and applications;
Elementary theory of rotational, vibrational and electronic spectra of diatomic molecules; Raman effect and
molecular structure; Laser Raman spectroscopy; Importance of neutral hydrogen atom, molecular hydrogen
and molecular hydrogen ion in astronomy. Fluorescence and Phosphorescence; Elementary theory and
applications of NMR and EPR; Elementary ideas about Lamb shift and its significance.

3. Nuclear and Particle Physics :

Basic nuclear properties-size, binding energy, angular momentum, parity, magnetic moment; Semi-
empirical mass formula and applications. Mass parabolas; Ground state of a deuteron, magnetic moment
and non-central forces; Meson theory of nuclear forces; Salient features of nuclear forces; Shell model of

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the nucleus - success and limitations; Violation of parity in beta decay; Gamma decay and internal
conversion; Elementary ideas about Mossbauer spectroscopy; Q-value of nuclear reactions; Nuclear fission
and fusion, energy production in stars. Nuclear reactors.

Classification of elementary particles and their interactions; Conservation laws; Quark structure of
hadrons : Field quanta of electroweak and strong interactions; Elementary ideas about unification of forces;
Physics of neutrinos.

4. Solid State Physics, Devices and Electronics :

Crystalline and amorphous structure of matter; Different crystal systems, space groups; Methods of
determination of crystal structure; X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopies;
Band theory of solids—conductors, insulators and semi-conductors; Thermal properties of solids, specific
heat, Debye theory; Magnetism: dia, para and ferromagnetism; Elements of super-conductivity, Meissner
effect, Josephson junctions and applications; Elementary ideas about high temperature super-conductivity.

Intrinsic and extrinsic semi-conductors- p-n-p and n-p-n transistors; Amplifiers and oscillators. Op-amps;
FET, JFET and MOSFET; Digital electronics-Boolean identities, De Morgan’s laws, Logic gates and truth
tables. Simple logic circuits; Thermistors, solar cells; Fundamentals of microprocessors and digital
computers.

POLITICAL SCIENCE AND INTERNATIONALRELATIONS

PAPER- I

Political Theory and Indian Politics :

1. Political Theory: meaning and approaches.

2. Theories of state : Liberal, Neo-liberal, Marxist, Pluiralist, post-colonial and Feminist.

3. Justice : Conceptions of justice with special reference to Rawl’s theory of justice and its communitarian
critiques.

4. Equality : Social, political and economic; relationship between equality and freedom; Affirmative action.

5. Rights : Meaning and theories; different kinds of rights; Concept of Human Rights.

6. Democracy : Classical and contemporary theories; different models of democracy—representative,
participatory and deliberative.

7. Concept of power : hegemony, ideology and legitimacy.

8. Political Ideologies : Liberalism, Socialism, Marxism, Fascism, Gandhism and Feminism.

9. Indian Political Thought: Dharamshastra, Arthashastra and Buddhist Traditions; Sir Syed Ahmed
Khan, Sri Aurobindo, M. K. Gandhi, B. R. Ambedkar, M. N. Roy.

10. Western Political Thought : Plato, Aristotle, Machiavelli, Hobbes, Locke, John S. Mill, Marx, Gramsci,
Hannah Arendt.

Indian Government and Politics

1. Indian Nationalism :

(a) Political Strategies of India’s Freedom Struggle : Constitutionalism to mass Satyagraha, Non-
cooperation, Civil Disobedience; Militant and Revolutionary Movements, Peasant and Workers Movements.

(b) Perspectives on Indian National Movement; Liberal, Socialist and Marxist; Radical Humanist and
Dalit.

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2. Making of the Indian Constitution : Legacies of the British rule; different social and political
perspectives.

3. Salient Features of the Indian Constitution : The Preamble, Fundamental Rights and Duties, Directive
Principles; Parliamentary System and Amendment Procedures; Judicial Review and Basic Structure
doctrine.

4. (a) Principal Organs of the Union Government : Envisaged role and actual working of the Executive,
Legislature and Supreme Court.

(b) Principal Organs of the State Government : Envisaged role and actual working of the Executive,
Legislature and High Courts.

5. Grassroots Democracy : Panchayati Raj and Municipal Government; Significance of 73rd and 74th
Amendments; Grassroot movements.

6. Statutory Institutions/Commissions : Election Commission, Comptroller and Auditor General, Finance
Commission, Union Public Service Commission, National Commission for Scheduled Castes, National
Commission for Scheduled Tribes, National Commission for Women; National Human Rights Commission,
National Commission for Minorities, National Backward Classes Commission.

7. Federalism : Constitutional provisions; changing nature of centre-state relations; integrationist
tendencies and regional aspirations; inter-state disputes.

8. Planning and Economic development : Nehruvian and Gandhian perspectives; Role of planning and
public sector; Green Revolution, land reforms and agrarian relations; liberalization and economic reforms.

9. Caste, Religion and Ethnicity in Indian Politics.

10. Party System : National and regional political parties, ideological and social bases of parties; Patterns
of coalition politics; Pressure groups, trends in electoral behaviour; changing socio-economic profile of
Legislators.

11. Social Movement : Civil liberties and human rights movements; women’s movements; environmentalist
movements.

PAPER-II

Comparative Politics and International Relations

Comparative Political Analysis and International Politics :

1. Comparative Politics : Nature and major approaches; Political economy and political sociology
perspectives; Limitations of the comparative method.

2. State in Comparative Perspective : Characteristics and changing nature of the State in capitalist and
socialist economies, and advanced industrial and developing societies.

3. Politics of Representation and Participation : Political parties, pressure groups and social movements
in advanced industrial and developing societies.

4. Globalisation : Responses from developed and developing societies.

5. Approaches to the Study of International Relations : Idealist, Realist, Marxist, Functionalist and
Systems theory.

6. Key Concepts in International Relations : National interest, security and power; Balance of power and
deterrence; Transational actors and collective security; World capitalist economy and globalisation.

7. Changing International Political Order :

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(a) Rise of super powers; Strategic and ideological Bipolarity, arms race and cold war; Nuclear threat;

(b) Non-aligned Movement : Aims and achievements.

(c) Collapse of the Soviet Union; Unipolarity and American hegemony; Relevance of non-alignment in
the contemporary world.

8. Evolution of the International Economic System : From Brettonwoods to WTO; Socialist economies and
the CMEA (Council for Mutual Economic Assistance); Third World demand for new international economic
order; Globalisation of the world economy.

9. United Nations : Envisaged role and actual record; Specialized UN agencies—aims and functioning;
need for UN reforms.

10. Regionalisation of World Politics : EU, ASEAN, APEC, AARC, NAFTA.

11. Contemporary Global Concerns : Democracy, human rights, environment, gender justice terrorism,
nuclear proliferation.

India and the World

1. Indian Foreign Policy : Determinants of foreign policy; the institutions of policy-making; Continuity and
change.

2. India’s Contribution to the Non-Alignment Movement Different phases; Current role.

3. India and South Asia :

(a) Regional Co-operation : SAARC-past performance and future prospects.

(b) South Asia as a Free Trade Area.

(c) India’s “Look East” policy.

(d) Impediments to regional co-operation : River water disputes; illegal cross border migration; Ethnic
conflicts and insurgencies; Border disputes.

4. India and the Global South : Relations with Africa and Latin America; Leadership role in the demand
for NIEO and WTO negotiations.

5. India and the Global Centres of Power : USA, EU, Japan, China and Russia.

6. India and the UN System: Role in UN Peace-keeping; Demand for Permanent Seat in the Security
Council.

7. India and the Nuclear Question : Changing perceptions and policy.

8. Recent developments in Indian Foreign Policy : India’s position on the recent crises in Afghanistan,
Iraq and West Asia, growing relations with US and Israel; Vision of a new world order.

PSYCHOLOGY

PAPER-I

Foundations of Psychology

1. Introduction : Definition of Psychology; Historical antecedents of Psychology and trends in the 21st
century; Psychology and scientific methods; Psychology in relation to other social sciences and natural
sciences; Application of Psychology to societal problems.

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2. Methods of Psychology : Types of research : Descriptive, evaluative, diagnostic and prognostic;
Methods of Research : Survey, observation, case-study and experiments; Characteristics of experimental
design and non-experimental designs; quasi-experimental designs; Focussed group discussions, brain
storming, grounded theory approach.

3. Research methods : Major steps in psychological research (problem statement, hypothesis
formulation, research design, sampling, tools of data collection, analysis and interpretation and report
writing); Fundamental versus applied research; Methods of data collection (interview, observation,
questionnaire and case study). Research Designs (Ex-post facto and experimental). Application of statistical
techniques (t-test, two-way ANOVA, correlation and regression and factor analysis) item response theory.

4. Development of Human Behaviour : Growth and development; Principles of development, Role of
genetic and environmental factors in determining human behaviour; Influence of cultural factors in
socialization; Life span development—Characteristics, development tasks, promoting psychological well-
being across major stages of the life span.

5. Sensation, Attention and Perception : Sensation: concepts of threshold, absolute and difference
thresholds, signal-detection and vigilance; Factors influencing attention including set and characteristics of
stimulus; Definition and concept of perception, biological factors in perception; Perceptual organization-
influence of past experiences, perceptual defence-factor influencing space and depth perception, size
estimation and perceptual readiness; The plasticity of perception; Extrasensory perception; Culture and
perception, Subliminal perception.

6. Learning : Concepts and theories of learning (Behaviourists, Gestaltalist and Information processing
models). The processes of extinction, discrimination and generalisation. Programmed learning, probability
learning, self instructional learning, concepts, types and the schedules of reinforcement, escape, avoidance
and punishment, modelling and social learning.
7. Memory : Encoding and remembering; Shot-term memory, Long-term memory, Sensory memory, Iconic
memory, Echoic memory: The Multistore model, levels of processing; Organization and Mnemonic
techniques to improve memory; Theories of forgetting: decay, interference and retrieval failure: Metamemory;
Amnesia: Anterograde and retrograde.
8. Thinking and Problem Solving : Piaget’s theory of cognitive development; Concept formation processes;
Information processing, Reasoning and problem solving, Facilitating and hindering factors in problem
solving, Methods of problem solving: Creative thinking and fostering creativity; Factors influencing decision
making and judgement; Recent trends.
9. Motivation and Emotion : Psychological and physiological basis of motivation and emotion;
Measurement of motivation and emotion; Effects of motivation and emotion on behaviour; Extrinsic and
intrinsic motivation; Factors influencing intrinsic motivation; Emotional competence and the related issues.
10. Intelligence and Aptitude : Concept of intelligence and aptitude, Nature and theories of intelligence-
Spearman, Thurstone, Gulford Vernon, Sternberg and J.P. Das; Emotional Intelligence, Social intelligence,
measurement of intelligence and aptitudes, concept of I Q deviation I Q, constancy of I Q; Measurement of
multiple intelligence; Fluid intelligence and crystallized intelligence.
11. Personality : Definition and concept of personality; Theories of personality (psychoanalytical, socio-
cultural, interpersonal, developmental, humanistic, behaviouristic, trait and type approaches);
Measurement of personality (projective tests, pencil-paper test); The Indian approach to personality;
Training for personality development; Latest approaches like big 5 factor theory; The notion of self in
different traditions.

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12. Attitudes, Values and Interests : Definitions of attitudes, values and interests; Components of
attitudes; Formation and maintenance of attitudes. Measurement of attitudes, values and interests.
Theories of attitude changes, strategies for fostering values. Formation of stereotypes and prejudices;
Changing other’s behaviour, Theories of attribution; Recent trends.
13. Language and Communication : Human language—Properties, structure and linguistic hierarchy,
Language acquisition—predispotion, critical period hypothesis; Theories of Language development—Skinner
and Chomsky; Process and types of communication—effective commu-nication training.
14.Issues and Perspectives in Modern Contemporary Psychology : Computer application in the
psychological laboratory and psychological testing; Artificial intelligence; Psychocybernetics; Study of
consciousnessleep-wak schedules; dreams, stimulus deprivation, meditation, hypnotic/drug induced
states; Extrasensory perception; Intersensory perception; Simulation studies.
PAPER-II
Psychology : Issues and applications
1. Psychological Measurement of Individual Differences :
The nature of individual differences. Characteristics and construction of standardized psychological tests.
Types of psychological tests. Use, misuse and limitation of psychological tests. Ethical issues in the use of
psychological tests.
2. Psychological well being and Mental Disorders :
Concept of health-ill health positive health, well being casual factores in Mental disorders (Anxiety disorders,
mood disorders; schizophrenia and delusional disorders; personality disorders, substance abuse disorders).
Factors influencing positive health, well being; lifestyle and quality of life; Happiness disposition.
3. Therapeutic Approaches :
Psychodynamic therapies. Behaviour therapies. Client centered therapy. Cognitive therapies. Indigenous
therapies (Yoga, Meditation). Biofeedback therapy. Prevention and rehabilitation of the mentally ill;
Fostering mental health.
4. Work Psychology and Organisational Behaviour :
Personnel selection and training. Use of Psychological tests in the industry. Training and human resource
development. Theories of work motivation. Herzberg, Maslow, Adam Equity theory, Porter and Lawler,
Vroom; Leadership and participatory management; Advertising and marketing; Stress and its management;
Ergonomics; consumer psychology; Managerial effectiveness; Transformational leadersip; Senitivity
training; Power and politics in organizations.
5. Application of Psychology to Educational Field :

Psychological principles underlying effective teaching-learning process. Learning styles. Gifted, retarded,
learning disabled and their training. Training for improving memory and better academic achievement.
Personality development and value education. Educational, vocational guidance and Career counselling.
Use of Psychological tests in educational institutions; Effective strategies in guidance programmes.

6. Community Psychology :

Definition and concept of Community Psychology. Use of small groups in social action. Arousing Community
consciousness and action for handling social problems. Group decision making and leadership for social
change. Effective strategies for social change.

7. Rehabilitation Psychology :

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Primary, secondary and tertiary prevention programmes—role of psychologists. Organising of services for
rehabilitation of physically, mentally and socially challenged persons including old persons. Rehabilitation
of persons suffering from substance abuse, juvenile delinquency, criminal behaviours. Rehabilitation of
victims of violence. Rehabilitation of HIV/AIDS victims, the role of social agencies.

8. Application of Psychology to disadvantaged groups :

The concepts of disadvantaged, deprivation social, physical, cultural and economic consequences of
disadvantaged and deprived groups. Educating and motivating the disadvantaged towards development;
Relative and prolonged deprivation.

9. Psychological problem of social integration :

The concept of social integration. The problem of caste, class, religion and language conflicts and prejudice.
Nature and manifestation of prejudice between the ingroup and outgroup. Casual factors of such conflicts
and prejudices. Psychological strategies for handling the conflicts and prejudices. Measures to achieve social
integration.

10. Application of Psychology in Information Technology and Mass Media :

The present scenario of information technology and the mass media boom and the role of psychologists.
Selection and training of Psychology professionals to work in the field of IT and mass media. Distance
learning through IT and mass media. Entrepreneurship through e-commerce. Multilevel marketing. Impact
of TV and fostering value through IT and mass media. Psychological consequences of recent developments
in Information Technology.

11. Psychology and Economic development :

Achievement motivation and economic development. Characteristics of entrepreneurial behaviour.
Motivating and Training people for entrepreneurship and economic development; Consumer rights and
consumer awareness, Government policies for promotion of entrepreneurship among youth including
women entreprenures.

12. Application of Psychology to environment and related fields :

Environmental Psychology effects of noise, pollution and crowding. Population Psychology : Psychological
consequence of population explosion and high population density. Motivating for small family norms. Impact
of rapid scientific and technological growth on degradation of environment.

13. Application of psychology in other fields :

(a) Military Psychology

Devising psycological tests for defence personnel for use in selection, Training, counseling; training
psychologists to work , with defence personnel in promoting positive health; Human engineering in defence.

(b) Sports Psychology

Psychological interventions in improving performance of athletes and sports. Persons participating in
Individual and Team Games.

(c) Media influences on pro and anti-social behaviour.

(d) Psychology of Terrorism.

14. Psychology of Gender :

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Issues of discrimination, Management of diversity; Glass ceiling effect, Self-fulfilling prophesy, Women and
Indian society.

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

PAPER-I

Administration Theory

1. Introduction :

Meaning, scope and significance of Public Administration, Wilson’s vision of Public Administration,
Evolution of the discipline and its present status. New Public Administration, Public Choice approach;
Challenges of liberalization, Privatisation, Globalisation; Good Governance: concept and application; New
Public Management.

2. Administrative Thought :

Scientific Management and Scientific Management movement; Classical Theory; Weber’s bureaucratic
model its critique and post-Weberian Developments; Dynamic Administration (Mary Parker Follett); Human
Relations School (Elton Mayo and others); Functions of the Executive (C.I. Barnard); Simon’s decision-
making theory; Participative Management (R. Likert, C. Argyris, D. McGregor.)

3. Administrative Behaviour :

Process and techniques of decision-making; Communication; Morale; Motivation Theories content,
process and contemporary; Theories of Leadership: Traditional and Modem:

4. Organisations :

Theories systems, contingency; Structure and forms: Ministries and Departments, Corporations,
Companies; Boards and Commissions; Ad hoc, and advisory bodies; Headquarters and Field relationships;
Regulatory Authorities; Public-Private Partnerships.

5. Accountability and Control :

Concepts of accountability and control; Legislative, Executive and judicial control over administration;
Citizen and Administration; Role of media, interest groups, voluntary organizations; Civil society; Citizen’s
Charters; Right to Information; Social audit.

6. Administrative Law :

Meaning, scope and significance; Dicey on Administrative law; Delegated legislation; Administrative
Tribunals.

7. Comparative Public Administration :

Historical and sociological factors affecting administrative systems; Administration and politics in
different countries; Current status of Comparative Public Administration; Ecology and administration;
Riggsian models and their critique.

8. Development Dynamics :

Concept of development; Changing profile of development administration; ‘Anti-development thesis’;
Bureaucracy and development; Strong state versus the market debate; Impact of liberalisation on
administration in developing countries; Women and development the self-help group movement.

9. Personnel Administration :

Importance of human resource development; Recruitment, training, career advancement, position

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classification, discipline, performance appraisal, promotion, pay and service conditions; employer-employee
relations, grievance redressal mechanism; Code of conduct; Administrative ethics.

10. Public Policy :

Models of policy-making and their critique; Processes of conceptualisation, planning, implementation,
monitoring, evaluation and review and their limitations; State theories and public policy formulation.

11. Techniques of Adminstrative Improvement :

Organisation and methods, Work study and work management; e-governance and information
technology; Management aid tools like network analysis, MIS, PERT, CPM.

12. Financial Administration :

Monetary and fiscal policies: Public borrowings and public debt Budgets types and forms; Budgetary
process; Financial accountability; Accounts and audit.

PAPER-II

Indian Administration

1. Evolution of Indian Administration :

Kautilya Arthashastra; Mughal administration; Legacy of British rule in politics and administration
Indianization of Public services, revenue administration, district Administration, local self Government.
.

2. Philosophical and Constitutional framework of

Government :

Salient features and value premises; Constitutionalism; Political culture; Bureaucracy and democracy;
Bureaucracy and development.

3. Public Sector Undertakings :

Public sector in modern India; Forms of Public Sector Undertakings; Problems of autonomy,
accountability and control; Impact of liberalization and privatization.

4. Union Government and Administration :

Executive, Parliament, Judiciary-structure, functions, work processes; Recent trends; Intra-
governmental relations; Cabinet Secretariat; Prime Minister’s Office; Central Secretariat; Ministries and
Departments; Boards; Commissions; Attached offices; Field organizations.

5. Plans and Priorities :

Machinery of planning; Role, composition and functions of the Planning Commission and the National
Development Council; ‘Indicative’ planning; Process of plan formulation at Union and State levels;
Constitutional Amendments (1992) and decentralized planning for economic development and social justice.

6. State Government and Administration :

Union-State administrative, legislative and financial relations; Role of the Finance Commission; Governor;
Chief Minister; Council of Ministers; Chief Secretary; State Secretariat; Directorates.

7. District Administration since Independence :

Changing role of the Collector; Union-State-local relations; Imperatives of development management and

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law and order administration; District administration and democratic decentralization.

8. Civil Services :

Constitutional position; Structure, recruitment, training and capacity building; Good governance initiatives;
Code of conduct and discipline; Staff associations; Political rights; Grievance redressal mechanism; Civil
service neutrality; Civil service activism.

9. Financial Management :

Budget as a political instrument; Parliamentary control of public expenditure; Role of finance ministry in
monetary and fiscal area; Accounting techniques; Audit; Role of Controller General of Accounts and
Comptroller and Auditor General of India.

10. Administrative Reforms since Independence :

Major concerns; Important Committees and Commissions; Reforms in financial management and human
resource development; Problems of implementation.

11. Rural Development :

Institutions and agencies since Independence; Rural development programmes: foci and strategies;
Decentralization and Panchayati Raj; 73rd Constitutional amendment.

12. Urban Local Government :

Municipal governance: main features, structures, finance and problem areas; 74th Constitutional
Amendment; Global-local debate; New localism; Development dynamics, politics and administration with
special reference to city management.

13. Law and Order Administration:

British legacy; National Police Commission; Investigative agencies; Role of Central and State Agencies
including para military forces in maintenance of law and order and countering insurgency and terrorism;
Criminalisation of politics and administration; Police-public relations; Reforms in Police.

14. Significant issues in Indian Administration:

Values in public service; Regulatory Commissions; National Human Rights Commission; Problems of
administration in coalition regimes; Citizen administration interface; Corruption and administration;
Disaster management.

SOCIOLOGY

PAPER– I

FUNDAMENTALS OF SOCIOLOGY

1. Sociology - The Discipline:

(a) Modernity and social changes in Europe and emergence of Sociology.

(b) Scope of the subject and comparison with other social sciences.

(c) Sociology and common sense.

2. Sociology as Science:

(a) Science, scientific method and critique.

(b) Major theoretical strands of research methodology.

(c) Positivism and its critique.