NCERT Book Class 12 Geography (Fundamentals Of Human Geography) Chapter 7 Transport and Communication

Natural resources, economic activities and
Unit-III markets are rarely found in one place.
Chapter-7 Transport, communication and trade establish
links between producing centres and
consuming centres. The system of mass
production and exchange is complex. Each
region produces the items for which it is best
suited. Trade or the exchange of such
commodities relies on transportation and
communication. Likewise, the high living
standards and quality of life depend on efficient
transportation, communications and trade. In
earlier days, the means of transport and
communication were the same. But today both
have acquired distinct and specialised forms.
Transport and Transport provides the network of links and
carriers through which trade takes place.
Communication TRANSPOR
TRANSPORT
T
Transport is a service or facility for the carriage
of persons and goods from one place to the other
using humans, animals and different kinds of
vehicles. Such movements take place over land,
water and air. Roads and railways form part of
land transport; while shipping and waterways
and airways are the other two modes. Pipelines
carry materials like petroleum, natural gas, and
ores in liquidified form.
Moreover, transportation is an organised
service industry created to satisfy the basic
needs of society. It includes transport arteries,
vehicles to carry people and goods, and the
organisation to maintain arteries, and to handle
loading, unloading and delivery. Every nation
has developed various kinds of transportation
for defence purposes. Assured and speedy
transportation, along with efficient
communication, promote cooperation and
unity among scattered peoples.

What is a Transport Network ?
Several places (nodes) joined together by a
series of routes (links) to form a pattern.

MODES OF TRANSPORTATION
TRANSPORT
The principal modes of world transportation,
as already mentioned are land, water, air and
54 Fundamentals of Human Geography