AUEET 2024 Syllabus

ANNEXURE - II

SYLLABI FOR ENTRANCE TESTS IN ENGINEERING COURSES
611 - B.Tech Degree Programmes (Self-Supported Mode)
(As per the APEAPCET-2024)

MATHEMATICS

ALGEBRA
a) Functions: Types of functions – Definitions - Real valued functions (Domain and Range).
b) Matrices: Types of matrices - Scalar multiple of a matrix and multiplication of matrices- Transpose
of a matrix – Determinants (excluding properties of determinants) - Adjoint and Inverse of a matrix -
Rank of a matrix - solution of simultaneous linear equations (Excluding Gauss Jordan Method).
c) Complex Numbers: Complex number as an ordered pair of real numbers fundamental operations -
Representation of complex numbers in the form a+ib (excluding Square root of Complex numbers
and related problems) - Modulus and amplitude of complex numbers –Illustrations - Geometrical and
Polar Representation of complex numbers in Argand plane-Argand diagram.
d) De Moivre’s Theorem: De Moivre’s theorem- Integral and Rational indices - nth roots of unity
Geometrical Interpretations –Illustrations.
e) Quadratic Expressions: Quadratic expressions, equations in one variable - Sign of quadratic\
expressions – Change in signs – Maximum and minimum values.
f) Theory of Equations: The relation between the roots and coefficients in an equation - Solving the
equations when two or more roots of it are connected by certain relation - Equation with real
coefficients, occurrence of complex roots in conjugate pairs and its consequences.
g) Permutations and Combinations: Fundamental Principle of counting – linear and circular
permutations- Permutations of ‘n’ dissimilar things taken ‘r’ at a time - Permutations when repetitions
allowed - Circular permutations - Permutations with constraint repetitions Combinations-definitions,
certain theorems. (Excluding derivation of Formula npr and ncr ).
h) Partial fractions: Partial fractions of f(x)/g(x) when g(x) contains non –repeated linear factors Partial
fractions of f(x)/g(x) where both f(x) and g(x) are polynomials and when g(x) contains repeated and/or
non-repeated linear factors - Partial fractions of f(x)/g(x) when g(x) contains irreducible factors
(excluding conversion of f(x)/g(x) in power series of x).
TRIGONOMETRY
a) Trigonometric Ratios upto Transformations: Graphs and Periodicity of Trigonometric functions -
Trigonometric ratios and Compound angles - Trigonometric ratios of multiple and sub- multiple angles
- Transformations - Sum and Product rules.
b) Hyperbolic Functions: Definition of Hyperbolic Function – Graphs - Definition of Inverse
Hyperbolic Functions – Graphs - Addition formulae of Hyperbolic Functions.
c) Properties of Triangles: Relation between sides and angles of a Triangle - Sine, Cosine, Tangent
and Projection rules- Half angle formulae and areas of a triangle–In-circle and Ex-circle of a
Triangle (excluding problems related to heights and distances).

VECTOR ALGEBRA
a) Addition of Vectors: Vectors as a triad of real numbers - Classification of vectors - Addition of
vectors - Scalar multiplication - Angle between two non-zero vectors – Linear combination of
vectors - Component of a vector in three dimensions - Vector equations of line and plane
including their Cartesian equivalent forms.
b) Product of Vectors: Scalar Product - Geometrical Interpretations - orthogonal projections
Properties of dot product - Expression of dot product in i, j, k system - Angle between two
vectors - Geometrical Vector methods – Vector equations of plane in normal form-Angle
between two planes- Vector product of two vectors and properties- Vector product in i, j, k
system - Vector Areas.
MEASURES OF DISPERSION AND PROBABILITY
a) Measures of Dispersion - Range - Mean deviation - Variance and standard deviation of
ungrouped/grouped data.
b) Probability: Random experiments and events - Classical definition of probability, Axiomatic
approach and addition theorem of probability - Independent and dependent events - conditional
probability- multiplication theorem and Baye’s theorem.
c) Random Variables and Probability Distributions: Random Variables - Theoretical discrete
distributions – Binomial and Poisson Distributions.
COORDINATE GEOMETRY
a) Locus: Definition of locus –Illustrations-To find equations of locus-Problems connected to it.
b) The Straight Line: Revision of fundamental results - Straight line - Normal form – Illustrations -
Straight line - Symmetric form - Straight line - Reduction into various forms - Intersection of two
Straight Lines - Family of straight lines - Concurrent lines - Condition for Concurrent lines -
Angle between two lines - Length of perpendicular from a point to a Line - Distance between
two parallel lines - Concurrent lines - properties related to a triangle.
c) Pair of Straight lines: Equations of pair of lines passing through origin - angle betweena pair
of lines - Condition for perpendicular and coincident lines, bisectors of angles - Pair of bisectors
of angles (excluding proofs of all the theorems only) - Pair of lines - second degree general
equation - Conditions for parallel lines - distance between them, Point of intersection of pair of
lines - Homogenizing a second degree equation with a first degree equation in x and y.
d) Circle : Equation of circle -standard form-centre and radius equation of a circle with a given line
segment as diameter & equation of circle through three non collinear points - parametric
equations of a circle - Position of a point in the plane of a circle – power of a point-definition of
tangent-length of tangent - Position of a straight line in the plane of a circle-conditions for a line
to be tangent – chord joining two points on a circle – equation of the tangent at a point on the
circle- point of contact-equation of normal - Chord of contact - pole and polar-conjugate points
and conjugate lines - equation of chord with given middle point.
e) System of circles: Angle between two intersecting circles - Radical axis of two circles-
properties- Common chord and common tangent of two circles – radical centre - Intersection of a
line and a Circle.
f) Parabola: Conic sections –Parabola- equation of parabola in standard form-different forms of
parabola- parametric equations.
g) Ellipse: Equation of ellipse in standard form- Parametric equations.
h) Hyperbola: Equation of hyperbola in standard form- Parametric equations - Equations of tangent
and normal at a point on the hyperbola (Cartesian and parametric) - conditions fora straight line
to be a tangent-Asymptotes.

i) Three Dimensional Coordinates: Coordinates - Section formulae - Centroid of a triangle and
tetrahedron.
j) Direction Cosines and Direction Ratios: Direction Cosines – Direction Ratios (Excluding angle
between two lines and problems related to it).
k) Plane: Cartesian equation of Plane – Simple Illustrations (Excluding angle between two planes and
problems related to it).
CALCULUS
a) Limits and Continuity: Intervals and neighborhoods – Limits - Standard Limits –Continuity.
b) Differentiation: Derivative of a function - Elementary Properties - Trigonometric, Inverse
Trigonometric, Hyperbolic, Inverse Hyperbolic Function – Derivatives - Methods of
Differentiation - Second Order Derivatives.
c) Applications of Derivatives: Geometrical Interpretation of a derivative - Equations of tangents
and normals - Angles between two curves and condition for orthogonality of curves - Increasing
and decreasing functions - Maxima and Minima.
d) Integration: Integration as the inverse process of differentiation- Standard forms - properties of
integrals - Method of substitution- integration of Algebraic, exponential, logarithmic,
trigonometric and inverse trigonometric functions (excluding the integrals of the form

∫ √( 2 + + ) dx, ∫( + ) √( 2 + + )dx)- Integration by parts – Integration by
partial fractions method – Reduction formulae.
e) Definite Integrals: Fundamental theorem of Integral Calculus– Properties - Reduction formulae.
f) Differential equations: Degree and order of an ordinary differential equation - Solving differential
equation by i) Variables separable method, ii) Homogeneous differential equation, iii) Linear
differential equations (excluding Solution of linear differential
Equations of the type dx + = , Where P and Q are constants or functions of y only. dy

PHYSICS
1. PHYSICAL WORLD: What is physics? Scope and excitement of physics. Physics, technology
andsociety Fundamental forces in nature. Nature of physical laws
2. UNITS AND MEASUREMENTS: Introduction, The international system of units,
Measurement of Length, Measurement of Large Distances, Estimation of Very Small Distances,
Size of a Molecule, Range of Lengths, Measurement of Mass, Range of Masses, Measurement of
time, Accuracy, precision of instruments and errors in measurement, Systematic errors, random errors,
least count error, Absolute Error, Relative Error and Percentage Error, Combination of Errors,
Significant figures, Rules for Arithmetic Operations with Significant Figures, Rounding off the
Uncertain Digits, Rules for Determining the Uncertainty in the Results of Arithmetic
Calculations, Dimensions of Physical Quantities, Dimensional Formulae and dimensional
equations, Dimensional Analysis and its Applications, Checking the Dimensional Consistency of
Equations, Deducing Relation among the Physical Quantities.
3. MOTION IN A STRAIGHT LINE: Introduction, Position, path length and displacement,
average velocity and average speed, instantaneous velocity and speed, acceleration, kinematic
equations for uniformly accelerated motion, relative velocity.
4. MOTION IN A PLANE: Introduction, Scalars and vectors, position and displacement vectors,
equality of vectors, multiplication of vectors by real numbers, addition and subtraction of vectors
- graphical method, resolution of vectors, vector addition - analytical method, motion in a plane,
position vector and displacement, velocity, acceleration, motion in a plane with constant
acceleration, relative velocity in two dimensions, projectile motion, equation of path of a projectile,

time of maximum height, maximum height of a projectile, horizontal range of projectile, uniform
circular motion.
5. LAWS OF MOTION: Introduction, Aristotle’s fallacy, Equilibrium of a particle, Common
forces inmechanics, friction, types of friction, static, kinetic and rolling frictions, Circular motion,
Motion of acar on a level road, Motion of a car on a banked road, solving problems in mechanics.
6. WORK, ENERGY AND POWER: Introduction, The Scalar Product, Notions of work and
kinetic energy, The work-energy theorem, Work, Kinetic energy, Work done by a variable force,
The work- energy theorem for a variable force, The concept of Potential Energy, The conservation
of MechanicalEnergy, The Potential Energy of a spring, Various forms of energy, Heat, Chemical
Energy, Electrical Energy, The Equivalence of Mass and Energy, Nuclear Energy, The Principle
of Conservation of Energy, Power, Collisions, Elastic and Inelastic Collisions, Collisions in one
dimension, Coefficient ofRestitution and its determination, Collisions in Two Dimensions.
7. SYSTEM OF PARTICLES AND ROTATIONAL MOTION: Introduction, Rigid body
motion, Centre of mass, Centre of Gravity, Motion of centre of mass, Linear momentum of a system
of particles, Vector product of two vectors, Angular velocity and its relation with linear velocity,
Angular acceleration, Kinematics of rotational motion about a fixed axis, Moment of force
(Torque), Angular momentum of particle, Torque and angular momentum for a system of a
particles, conservation of angular momentum, Equilibrium of a rigid body, Principle of moments,
Moment of inertia, Dynamics of rotational motion about a fixed axis, Angular momentum in case
of rotation about a fixed axis, Rolling motion, Kinetic Energy of Rolling Motion.
8. OSCILLATIONS: Introduction, Periodic and oscillatory motions, Period and frequency,
Displacement, Simple harmonic motion (S.H.M.), Simple harmonic motion and uniform circular
motion, Velocity and acceleration in simple harmonic motion, Force law for Simple harmonic
Motion, Energy in simple harmonic motion, some systems executing Simple Harmonic Motion,
Oscillations due to a spring, The Simple Pendulum, damped simple harmonic motion, Forced
oscillations and resonance.
9. GRAVITATION: Introduction, Universal law of gravitation, central forces, the gravitational
constant, Acceleration due to gravity of the earth, Acceleration due to gravity below and above
the surface of earth, Gravitational potential energy, Escape speed, Orbital Speed, Earth satellites,
Energyof an orbiting satellite, Geostationary and polar satellites, Weightlessness.
10. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS: Introduction, Elastic behavior of solids, Stress
and strain, Hooke’s law, Stress-strain curve, Elastic moduli, Young’s Modulus, Determination of
Young’sModulus of the Material of a Wire, Shear Modulus, Bulk Modulus, Applications of elastic
behavior ofmaterials.
11. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS: Introduction, Pressure, Pascal’s Law, Variation
of Pressure with Depth, Atmospheric Pressure and Gauge Pressure, Hydraulic Machines,
Archimedes’ Principle, Streamline flow, Bernoulli’s principle, Speed of Efflux, Torricelli’s Law,
Venturi- meter, Blood Flow and Heart Attack, Dynamic Lift, Viscosity, Variation of Viscosity of
fluids with temperature, Stokes’ Law, Reynolds number, Critical Velocity, Surface tension and
Surface Energy, Angle of Contact, Drops and Bubbles, Capillary Rise, Detergents and Surface
Tension.
12. THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER: Introduction, Temperature and heat, Measurement
of temperature, Ideal-gas equation and absolute temperature, Thermal expansion, Specific heat
capacity, Calorimetry, Change of state, Triple Point, Regelation, Latent Heat, Newton’s law of
cooling and itsexperimental verification.
13. THERMODYNAMICS: Introduction, Thermal equilibrium, Zeroth law of thermodynamics,
Heat,Internal Energy and work, First law of thermodynamics, Specific heat capacity, Specific heat
capacity of water, Thermodynamic state variables and equation of State, Thermodynamic processes,

Quasi-static process, Isothermal Process, Adiabatic Process, Isochoric Process, Isobaric process,
Cyclic process, Second law of thermodynamics, Reversible and irreversible processes, Carnot
engine, Carnot’s theorem.
14. KINETIC THEORY: Introduction, Molecular nature of matter, Behaviour of gases, Boyle’s
Law,Charles’ Law, Kinetic theory of an ideal gas, Pressure of an Ideal Gas, Kinetic interpretation
of temperature, Law of equipartition of energy, Specific heat capacity, Monatomic Gases, Diatomic
Gases, Polyatomic Gases, Specific Heat Capacity of Solids, Specific Heat Capacity of Water, Mean
freepath.
15. WAVES: Introduction, Transverse and longitudinal waves, displacement relation in a
progressive wave, amplitude and phase, wavelength and angular wave number, period, angular
frequency and frequency, the speed of a travelling wave, speed of a transverse wave on stretched
string, speed of a longitudinal wave (speed of sound), the principle of superposition of waves,
reflection of waves, standing waves and normal modes, beats.
16. RAY OPTICS AND OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS: Introduction, Sign convention, refraction,
total internal reflection, total internal reflection in nature and its technological applications,
refraction at spherical surfaces and by lenses, power of a lens, combination of thin lenses in
contact, refraction through a prism, dispersion by a prism, optical instruments, the eye, the simple
and compound microscopes, refracting telescope and Cassegrain reflecting telescope.
17. WAVE OPTICS: Introduction, Huygens principle, refraction and reflection of plane waves
using Huygens principle, refraction in a rarer medium (at the denser medium boundary), reflection
of a plane wave by a plane surface, the Doppler effect, coherent and incoherent addition of waves,
interference oflight waves and Young‘s experiment.
18. ELECTRIC CHARGES AND FIELDS: Introduction, Electric charge, conductors and
insulators, charging by induction, basic properties of electric charges, additivity of charges,
conservation of charge, quantization of charge, Coulomb’s law, forces between multiple charges,
electric field, electric field due to a system of charges, physical significance of electric field,
electric field lines, electric flux, electric dipole, the field of an electric dipole for points on the
axial line and on the equatorial plane, physical significance of dipoles, dipole in a uniform
external field, continuous charge distribution, Gauss’s law.
19. ELECTROSTATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITANCE: Introduction, Electrostatic
potential, potential due to a point charge, potential due to an electric dipole, potential due to a
system of charges,equipotential surfaces, relation between field and potential, potential energy of
a system of charges, potential energy in an external field, potential energy of a single charge,
potential energy of a systemof two charges in an external field, potential energy of a dipole in an
external field, electrostatics of conductors, electrostatic shielding, dielectrics and polarisation,
electric displacement, capacitors andcapacitance, the parallel plate capacitor, effect of dielectric on
capacitance, combination of capacitors,capacitors in series, capacitors in parallel, energy stored in
a capacitor, Van de Graaff generator.
20. CURRENT ELECTRICITY: Introduction, Electric current, electric current in conductors,
Ohm’s law, drift of electrons and the origin of resistivity, mobility, limitations of Ohm’s law,
Temperature dependence of resistivity, electrical energy, power, Cells, EMF, internal resistance,
cells in series andin parallel, Kirchhoff’s rules, Wheatstone Bridge, Meter Bridge, Potentiometer.
21. MOVING CHARGES AND MAGNETISM: Introduction, Magnetic force, sources and fields,
magnetic field, Lorentz force, magnetic force on a current carrying conductor, motion in a
magnetic field, helical motion of charged particles, magnetic field due to a current element, Biot –
Savart’s law,Magnetic field on the axis of a circular current loop, Ampere’s circuital law, the solenoid
and the toroid, force between two parallel current carrying conductors, the ampere (UNIT), torque
on current loop, magnetic dipole, torque on a rectangular current loop in a uniform magnetic field,
circular current loop as a magnetic dipole, the magnetic dipole moment of a revolving electron,

the Moving Coil Galvanometer; conversion into ammeter and voltmeter.
22. MAGNETISM AND MATTER: Introduction, The bar magnet, the magnetic field lines, the
electrostatic analog, Magnetism and Gauss’s Law, The Earth’s magnetism, magnetic declination
anddip.
23. ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION: Introduction, The experiments of Faraday and Henry,
magnetic flux, Faraday’s Law of induction, Lenz’s law and conservation of energy, motional
electromotive force, energy consideration - a quantitative study, Eddy currents, inductance,
mutual inductance, self-inductance, AC generator.
24. ALTERNATING CURRENT: Introduction, AC voltage applied to a resistor, representation of
AC current and voltage by rotating vectors - Phasors, AC voltage applied to an inductor, AC voltage
applied to a capacitor, AC voltage applied to a series LCR circuit, Phasor – diagram solution,
analytical solution, resonance, sharpness of resonance, LC oscillations, transformers.
25. ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES: Introduction, electromagnetic waves, sources of
electromagnetic waves, nature of electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic spectrum: radio waves,
microwaves, infraredwaves, visible rays, ultraviolet rays, X-rays, gamma rays.
26. DUAL NATURE OF RADIATION AND MATTER: Introduction, Electron emission,
Photoelectric Effect, Hertz’s observations, Hallwachs and Lenard’s observations, experimental study
of photoelectric effect, effect of intensity of light on photocurrent, effect of potential on
photoelectric current, effect offrequency of incident radiation on stopping potential, Photoelectric
effect and Wave theory of Light,Einstein’s Photoelectric equation, Energy Quantum of Radiation,
particle nature of light, the photon,wave nature of matter, photocell.
27. ATOMS: Introduction, Alpha particle scattering and Rutherford’s nuclear model of atom, alpha
particle trajectory, electron orbits, atomic spectra, spectral series, Bohr model of the hydrogen
atom, energy levels, Franck – Hertz experiment, the line spectra of the hydrogen atom,
deBroglie’sexplanation of Bohr’s second postulate of quantization, LASERlight.
28. NUCLEI: Introduction, Atomic masses and composition of nucleus, discovery of neutron, size of
the nucleus, Mass - Energy, Nuclear Force, Nuclear Energy, Fission, Nuclear reactor, nuclear
fusion, energy generation in stars, controlled thermonuclear fusion.
29. SEMICONDUCTOR ELECTRONICS: MATERIALS, DEVICES AND SIMPLE
CIRCUITS:Introduction, Classification of metals, conductors, and semiconductors on the basis
of conductivity and energy bands, Band theory of solids, Intrinsic semiconductor, Extrinsic
semiconductor, p-type semiconductor, n-type semiconductor, Optoelectronic junction devices,
Photodiode, light emitting diode, solar cell. Junction transistor, structure and action, Basic
transistor circuit configurations and transistor characteristics, transistor as a switch and as an
amplifier (CE – Configuration), Feedback amplifier and transistor oscillator, Digital Electronics
and Logic gates, NOT, OR, AND, NAND and NOR Gates, Integrated circuits.
30. COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS: Introduction, Elements of a Communication system, basic
terminology used in electronic communication systems, bandwidth of signals, bandwidth of
transmission medium, propagation of electromagnetic waves, ground waves, sky waves, space
wave, modulation and its necessity, size of the antenna or aerial, effective power radiated by an
antenna, mixing up of signals from different transmitters, amplitude modulation, production of
amplitude modulated wave, detection of amplitude modulated wave.

CHEMISTRY

1. ATOMIC STRUCTURE: Developments to the Bohr’s model of atom; Wave nature of
electromagnetic radiation; Particle nature of electromagnetic radiation- Planck’s quantum theory;
Bohr’s model for Hydrogen atom; Explanation of line spectrum of hydrogen; Limitations of Bohr’s
model; Quantum mechanical considerations of sub atomic particles; Dual behaviour of matter;
Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle; Quantum mechanical model of an atom. Important features of
Quantum mechanical model of atom; Orbitals and quantum numbers; Shapes of atomic orbitals;
Energies of orbitals; Filling of orbitals in atoms. Aufbau Principle, Pauli’s exclusion Principle and
Hund’s rule of maximum multiplicity; Electronic configurations of atoms; Stability of half-filled and
completely filled orbitals.
2. CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS AND PERIODICITY IN PROPERTIES: Modern
periodic law and present form of the periodic table; Nomenclature of elements with atomic number
greater than 100; Electronic configuration of elements and the periodic table; Electronicconfiguration
and types of elements s,p,d.and f blocks; Trends in physical properties:(a) Atomic radius, (b) Ionic
radius (c) Variation of size in inner transition elements, (d) Ionization enthalpy,(e) Electron gain
enthalpy, (f) Electro negativity; Periodic trends in chemical properties: (a) Valence or Oxidation
states, (b) Anomalous properties of second period elements
- diagonal relationship; Periodic trends and chemical reactivity.

3. CHEMICAL BONDING AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE: Kossel - Lewis approach to
chemical bonding, Octet rule, Lewis representation of simple molecules, formal charges,
limitations of octet rule; Ionic or electrovalent bond - Factors favourable for the formation of
ionic compounds- Crystal structure of sodium chloride, General properties of ionic compounds;
Bond Parameters - bond length, bond angle, and bond enthalpy, bond order, resonance-Polarity
of bonds dipole moment-Fajan rules; Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) theory;
Predicting the geometry of simple molecules; Valence bond theory-Orbital overlap concept-
Directional properties of bonds-overlapping of atomic orbitals-types ofoverlapping and nature of
covalent bonds-strength of sigma and pi bonds-Factors favouring the formation of covalent bonds;
Hybridisation- different types of hybridization involving s, p and d orbitals- shapes of simple
covalent molecules; Coordinate bond - definition with examples; Molecular orbital theory -
Formation of molecular orbitals, Linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO)-conditions for
combination of atomic orbitals - Energy level diagrams for molecular orbitals -Bonding in
some homo nuclear diatomic molecules- H2, He2, Li2, B2, C2, N2 and O2; Hydrogen bonding-
cause of formation of hydrogen bond - Types of hydrogen bonds-inter and intra molecular-
General properties of hydrogen bonds.

4. STATES OF MATTER: GASES AND LIQUIDS: Intermolecular forces; Thermal Energy;
Intermolecular forces Vs Thermal interactions; The Gaseous State; The Gas Laws; Ideal gas
equation; Graham’s law of diffusion - Dalton’s Law of partial pressures; Kinetic molecular
theory of gases; Kinetic gas equation of an ideal gas (No derivation) deduction of gas laws from
Kinetic gas equation;; Behaviour of real gases - Deviation from Ideal gas behaviour -
Compressibility factor Vs Pressure diagrams of real gases;

5. STOICHIOMETRY: Laws of Chemical Combinations - Law of Conservation of Mass, Law of
Definite Proportions, Law of Multiple Proportions, Atomic and molecular masses- mole concept
and molar mass. Concept of equivalent weight; Percentage composition of compounds and
calculations of empirical and molecular formulae of compounds; Stoichiometry and stoichiometric
calculations-limiting reagent; Methods of Expressing concentrations of solutions- mass percent,
mole fraction, molarity, molality and normality; Redox reactions-classical idea of redox reactions,
oxidation and reduction reactions-redox reactions in terms of electron transfer; Oxidation number
concept; Types of Redox reactions- combination, decomposition, displacement and
disproportionationreactions; Balancing of redox reactions - oxidation number method Half
reaction (ion-electron)method;.

6. THERMODYNAMICS: Thermodynamic Terms; The system and the surroundings; Types of
systems and surroundings; The state of the system; The Internal Energy as a State Function.
(a) Work (b) Heat (c) The general case, the first law of Thermodynamics; Applications; Work;
Enthalpy, H- a useful new state function; Extensive and intensive properties; The relationship
between Cp and Cv; Measurement of ∆U and ∆H: Calorimetry; Enthalpy change, ∆rH of
reactions - reaction Enthalpy (a) Standard enthalpy of reactions, (b) Enthalpy changes during
transformations, (c) Standard enthalpy of formation, (d) Thermo chemical equations (e) Hess’s
law of constant Heat summation; Enthalpies for different types of reactions. (a) Standard enthalpy
of combustion (∆cH0), (b) Enthalpy of atomization (∆aH0), phase transition, sublimation and
ionization, (c) Bond Enthalpy (∆bondH0), (d) Enthalpy of solution (∆solH0) and dilution-lattice
enthalpy; Spontaneity. (a) Is decrease in enthalpy a criterion for spontaneity? Entropy and
spontaneity, the second law of thermodynamics, (c) Gibbs Energy and spontaneity; Absolute
entropy and the third law of thermodynamics.

7. CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM AND ACIDS-BASES: Equilibrium in Physical process;
Equilibrium in chemical process - Dynamic Equilibrium; Law of chemical Equilibrium - Lawof
massaction and Equilibrium constant; Homogeneous Equilibria, Equilibrium constant in gaseous
systems. Relationship between KP and Kc; Heterogeneous Equilibria; Applications of Equilibrium
constant; Relationship between Equilibrium constant K, reaction quotient Q and Gibbs energy G;
Factors affecting Equilibria.-Le-chatlier principle application to industrial synthesis of Ammonia
and Sulphur trioxide; Ionic Equilibrium in solutions; Acids, bases and salts- Arrhenius, Bronsted-
Lowry and Lewisconcepts of acids and bases; Ionisation of Acids and Bases - Ionisation constant
of water and its ionic product- pH scale-ionisation constants of weak acids-ionisation of weak
bases-relation between Kaand Kb-Di and poly basic acids and di and poly acidic Bases-Factors
affecting acid strength- Commonion effect in the ionization of acids and bases- Buffer solutions-
Solubility Equilibria of sparingly soluble salts. Solubility product constant Common ion effect on
solubility of Ionic salts.

8. HYDROGEN AND ITS COMPOUNDS: Position of hydrogen in the periodic table; Dihydrogen-
Occurrence and Isotopes; Hydrides: Ionic, covalent, and non-stoichiometric hydrides; Water:
Physical properties; structure of water, ice. Chemical properties of water; hard and soft water,
Temporary and permanent hardness of water; Heavy Water; Hydrogen as a fuel.
9. THE s - BLOCK ELEMENTS (ALKALI AND ALKALINE EARTH METALS):
Group 1 Elements : Alkali metals; Electronic configurations; Atomic and Ionic radii; Ionization
enthalpy; Hydration enthalpy; Physical properties; Chemical properties; Uses; General
characteristics of the compounds of the alkali metals: Oxides; Halides; Salts of oxo Acids;
Anomalous properties of Lithium: Differences and similarities with other alkali metals, Diagonal
relationship; similarities between Lithium and Magnesium; Some important compounds of
Sodium: Sodium Chloride

Group 2 Elements: Alkaline earth elements; Electronic configuration; Ionization enthalpy;
Hydrationenthalpy; Physical properties, Chemical properties; Uses; General characteristics of
compounds of the Alkaline Earth Metals: Oxides, hydroxides, halides, salts of oxoacids
(Carbonates; Sulphates and Nitrates); Anomalous behavior of Beryllium; its diagonal relationship
with Aluminium; Some important compounds of calcium: Preparation and uses of Calcium
Hydroxide, Plaster of Paris; Cement;

10. p- BLOCK ELEMENTS GROUP 13 (BORON FAMILY): General introduction - Electronic
configuration, Atomic radii, Ionization enthalpy, Electro negativity; Physical & Chemical
properties (Note: Aluminum reactivity towards acids & alkalies is deleted) Important trends and
anomalous properties of boron; Uses of boron, aluminium and their compounds.

11. p-BLOCK ELEMENTS - GROUP 14 (CARBON FAMILY): General introduction - Electronic
configuration, Atomic radii, Ionization enthalpy, Electro negativity; Physical & Chemical
properties; Important trends and anomalous properties of carbon; Allotropes of carbon; Uses of
carbon;
12. ORGANIC CHEMISTRY-SOME BASIC PRINCIPLES AND TECHNIQUES AND
HYDROCARBONS: General introduction; Tetravalency of Carbon: shapes of organic compounds;
Structural representations of organic compounds; Classification of organic compounds;
Nomenclature of organic compounds; Isomerism; Fundamental concepts in organic reaction
mechanisms; Fission of covalent bond; Nucleophiles and electrophiles; Electron movements in
organic reactions; Electron displacement effects in covalent bonds: inductive effect, resonance,
resonance effect, electromeric effect, hyper conjugation; Types of Organic reactions;
Hydrocarbons: Classification of Hydrocarbons; Alkanes - Nomenclature, isomerism (structural
and conformations of ethane only); Preparation of alkanes; Properties - Physical properties and
chemical Reactivity, Substitution reactions – Halogenation (free radical mechanism is deleted),
Controlled Oxidation, Isomerisation, Aromatization, and reaction with steam; Alkenes-
Nomenclature, structure of ethene, Isomerism (structural and geometrical); Methods of preparation;
Properties-Physical and chemical reactions: Addition of Hydrogen, halogen, water, sulphuric acid,
Hydrogen halides (Mechanism- ionic and peroxide effect, Markovnikov’s, anti-Markovnikov’s or
Kharasch effect). Oxidation, Ozonolysis and Polymerization; Alkynes - Nomenclature and
isomerism, structure of acetylene. Methods of preparation of acetylene; Physical properties,
Chemical reactions- acidic character of acetylene, addition reactions- of hydrogen, Halogen,
Hydrogen halides and water. Polymerization; Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Nomenclature and
isomerism, Structure of benzene, Resonance and aromaticity; Preparation of benzene. Physical
properties. Chemical properties: Mechanism of electrophilic substitution. Electrophilic substitution
reactions- Nitration, Sulphonation, Halogenation, Friedel-Craft’s alkylation and acylation; Directive
influence of functional groups in mono substituted benzene, Carcinogenicity and toxicity.
13. SOLID STATE: General characteristics of solid state; Amorphous and crystalline solids;
Classification of crystallinesolids based on different binding forces (molecular, ionic, metallic and
covalent solids); Probing the structure of solids: X-ray crystallography; Crystal lattices and unit
cells. Bravais lattices primitive and centered unit cells; Number of atoms in a unit cell (primitive,
body centered and face centered cubic unit cell); Close packed structures: Close packing in one
dimension, in two dimensions and in three dimensions- tetrahedral and octahedral voids- formula of
a compound and number of voids filled- locating tetrahedral and octahedral voids; Packing
efficiency in simple cubic, bcc and in hcp, ccp lattice; Calculations involving unit cell dimensions-
density of the unit cell; Imperfections in solids-types of point defects-stoichiometric and non-
stoichiometric defects;.

SOLUTIONS: Types of solutions; Expressing concentration of solutions - mass percentage,
volume percentage, mass by volume percentage, parts per million, mole fraction, molarity and
molality; Solubility: Solubility of a solid in a liquid, solubility of a gas in a liquid, Henry’s law;
Vapour pressure of liquid solutions: vapour pressure of liquid- liquid solutions. Raoult’s law as a
special case of Henry’s law -vapour pressure of solutions of solids in liquids; Ideal and non- ideal
solutions; Colligative properties and determination of molar mass-relative lowering of vapour
pressure- elevation of boiling point-depression of freezing point-osmosis and osmotic pressure-
reverse osmosis and water purification;.
15. ELECTROCHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL KINETICS:
Electrochemistry: Electrochemical cells; Galvanic cells: measurement of electrode potentials;
Nernstequation- equilibrium constant from Nernst equation- electrochemical cell and Gibbsenergy
of the cell reaction; Conductance of electrolytic solutions- measurement of the conductivity of
ionic solutions-variation of conductivity and molar conductivity with concentration-strong
electrolytes and weak electrolytes-applications of Kohlrausch’s law; Electrolytic cells and
electrolysis: Faraday’s laws of electrolysis-products of electrolysis; Hydrogen economy.
Chemical Kinetics: Rate of a chemical reaction; Factors influencing rate of a reaction: dependence
ofrate on concentration- rate expression and rate constant- order of a reaction, molecularity of
areaction; Integrated rate equations-zero order reactions-first order reactions- half-life of a reaction;
Pseudo first order reactions; Temperature dependence of the rate of a reaction -effect of catalyst;
16. SURFACE CHEMISTRY: Adsorption : Distinction between adsorption and absorption-
mechanism of adsorption-types of adsorption- characteristics of physisorption-characteristics of
chemisorption-adsorption isotherms-adsorption from solution phase-applications of adsorption;
Colloids; Classification of colloids: Classification based on physical state of dispersed phase and
dispersion medium- classification based on nature of interaction between dispersed phase and
dispersion medium- classification based on type of particles of the dispersed phase- multi molecular,
macromolecular and associated colloids- cleansing action of soaps- preparation of colloids-
purification of colloidal solutions-properties of colloidal solutions: Colligative properties, Tyndal
effect, colour, Brownian movement-charge on colloidal particles, electrophoresis; coagulation-
precipitation methods-coagulation of lyophilic sols and protectionof colloids- Colloids around us-
application of colloids.
17. p-BLOCK ELEMENTS: Group-15 Elements: Occurrence- electronic configuration, atomic and
ionic radii, ionisation enthalpy, electronegativity, physical and chemical properties; Dinitrogen-
preparation, properties and uses; Compounds of nitrogen-preparation, properties and uses of
ammonia; Oxides of nitrogen (note: only structures are deleted); Preparation and properties of
nitric acid;
Group-16 Elements: Occurrence- electronic configuration, atomic and ionic radii, ionisation
enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, electronegativity, physical and chemical properties; Dioxygen-
preparation, properties and uses; Simple oxides; Ozone-preparation, properties, structure and
uses; Sulphur-allotropic forms; Sulphur dioxide-preparation, properties and uses; Oxoacids of
sulphur;Sulphuric acid- properties and uses.
Group-17 Elements: Occurrence, electronic configuration, atomic and ionic radii, ionisation
enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, electro negativity, physical and chemical properties; Chlorine-
preparation, properties and uses; Hydrogen chloride- preparation, properties and uses; Oxoacids of
halogens; Interhalogen compounds- preparation, properties and uses.
Group-18 Elements: Occurrence, electronic configuration, ionization enthalpy, atomic radii,
electron gain enthalpy, physical and chemical properties(a) Xenon-fluorine compounds- XeF2,XeF4
and XeF6 -preparation, hydrolysis and formation of fluoro anions-structures of XeF2, XeF4 and
XeF6 (b) Xenon- oxygen compounds XeO3 and XeOF4 - their formation and structures-

18. d AND f BLOCK ELEMENTS & COORDINATIONCOMPOUNDS: d and f block elements:
Position in the periodic table; Electronic configuration of the d-block elements; General properties
of the transition elements (d-block) -physical properties, variation in atomic and ionic sizes of
transition series, ionisation enthalpies, oxidation states, trends in the M²+/M and M³+/M²+ standard
electrode potentials, trends in stability of higher oxidation states, chemical reactivity and Eθ values,
magnetic properties, formation of coloured ions, formation of complex
compounds, catalytic properties, formation of interstitial compounds, alloy formation;; Inner
transition elements(f-block)-lanthanoids- electronic configuration-atomic and ionic sizes- oxidation
states- Some applications of d and f block elements.
Coordination compounds: Werner’s theory of coordination compounds; Definitions of some
terms used in coordination compounds; Nomenclature of coordination compounds-IUPAC
nomenclature; Bonding in coordination compounds. (a)Valence bond theory - magnetic
properties of coordination compounds- limitations of valence bond theory (b) Crystal field
theory (i) Crystal field splitting in octahedral and tetrahedral coordination entities (ii) Colour in
coordination compounds- limitations of crystal field theory; Bonding in metal carbonyls;
Stability of coordination compounds; applications of coordinationcompounds.
19. BIOMOLECULES: Carbohydrates - Classification of carbohydrates- Monosaccharides:
preparation of glucose from sucrose and starch- Properties and structure of glucose- D,L
configurations and (+), (-) configurations of glucose-Structure of fructose; Disaccharides: Sucrose-
preparation, structure; Invert sugar- Structures of maltose and lactose- Polysaccharides: Structures
of starch, cellulose and glycogen- Importance of carbohydrates (Note: Sucrose, lactose, maltose,
starch, carbohydrates importance is deleted); Proteins: Aminoacids: Natural aminoacids-
classification of aminoacids - structures and D and L forms-Zwitter ions; Proteins- Structures,
classification, fibrous and globular- primary, secondary, tertiary and quarternary structures of
proteins- Denaturation of proteins; Vitamins: Explanation-names- classification of vitamins -
sources of vitamins-deficiency diseases of different types of vitamins; Nucleic acids: chemical
composition of nucleic acids, structures of nucleic acids, DNA finger printing biological functions
of nucleic acids;
20. HALOALKANES AND HALOARENES: Classification and nomenclature; Nature of C-X bond;
Methods of preparation: Alkyl halides and aryl halides- from alcohols, from hydrocarbons (a) by
free radical halogenation (b) by electrophilic substitution (c) by replacement of diazonium group
(Sandmeyer reaction) (d) by the addition of hydrogen halides and halogens to alkenes-by halogen
exchange reactions; Physical properties-melting and boiling points, density and solubility;
Chemical reactions: Reactions of haloalkanes (i) Nucleophilic substitution reactions (a) SN²
mechanism (b)SN¹ mechanism (c) stereochemical aspects of nucleophilic substitution reactions-
optical activity (ii) Elimination reactions (iii) Reaction with metals-Reactions of haloarenes: (i)
Nucleophilic substitution (ii) Electrophilic substitution and (iii) Reaction with metals;
21. ORGANIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING C, H AND O (ALCOHOLS, PHENOLS,
ETHERS, ALDEHYDES, KETONES AND CARBOXYLIC ACIDS):

Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers: Alcohols, phenols and ethers -classification; Nomenclature:
(a)Alcohols, (b)phenols and (c) ethers; Structures of hydroxy and ether functional groups;
Methods of preparation: Alcohols from alkenes and carbonyl compounds, from Grignard
reagents; Phenols from haloarenes, benzene sulphonic acid, diazonium salts, cumene; Physical
properties of alcohols and phenols; Chemical reactions of alcohols and phenols (i) Reactions
involving cleavage of O-H bond in alcohols-Acidity ofalcohols and phenols, esterification (ii)
Reactions involving cleavage ofC- O bond- reactions with HX, PX3, dehydration and oxidation
(iii) Reactions of phenols- electrophilic aromatic substitution, Kolbe’s reaction, Reimer -
Tiemann reaction, reaction with zinc dust, oxidation; Ethers-Methods of preparation: By
dehydration of alcohols, Williamson synthesis- Physical properties-Chemical reactions:
Cleavage ofC-O bond and electrophilic substitution of aromatic ethers(anisole).

Aldehydes and Ketones: Nomenclature and structure of carbonyl group; Preparation of
aldehydes and ketones-(1) by oxidation of alcohols (2) by dehydrogenation of alcohols (3)
from hydrocarbons - Preparation of aldehydes (1) from acyl chlorides (2) from nitriles and
esters(3) from hydrocarbons- Preparation of ketones(1) from acyl chlorides (2)from nitriles
(3)from benzene or substituted benzenes;Physical properties of aldehydes and ketones; Chemical
reactions of aldehydes and ketones-nucleophilic addition, reduction, oxidation, reactions due
toα-Hydrogen and other reactions (Cannizzaro reaction, electrophilic substitution reaction);
Uses of aldehydes and ketones.

Carboxylic acids: Nomenclature and structure of carboxylgroup; Methods of preparation of
carboxylic acids (1)from primary alcohols and aldehydes (2) from alkylbenzenes(3)from
nitriles and amides (4)from Grignard reagents (5) from acyl halides and anhydrides (6) from
esters; Physical properties; Chemical reactions: (i) Reactions involving cleavage of O-H bond-
acidity, reactions with metals and alkalies (ii) Reactions involving cleavage of C-OH bond-
formation of anhydride, reactions with PCl5, PCl3, SOCl2, esterification and reaction with
ammonia (iii) Reactions involving- COOH group-reduction, decarboxylation (iv) Substitution
reactions in the hydrocarbon part - halogenation and ring substitution;Uses of carboxylicacids.

22. ORGANIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING NITROGEN:

Amines: Structure of amines; Classification; Nomenclature; Preparation of amines: reduction
of nitro compounds, ammonolysis of alkyl halides, reduction of nitriles, reduction of amides,
Gabriel phthalimide synthesis and Hoffmann bromamide degradation reaction; Physical properties;
Chemical reactions: basic character of amines, alkylation, acylation, carbyl amine reaction,
reaction with nitrousacid, reaction with aryl sulphonyl chloride, electrophilic substitution of
aromatic amines (aniline)- bromination, nitration and sulphonation.
Cyanides and Isocyanides:
Structure and nomenclature of cyanides and isocyanides; Preparation, physical properties and
chemicalreactions of cyanides and isocyanide