NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Sociology (Social Change and Development in India) Chapter 1 Structural Change

NCERT
SOLUTIONS
CLASS - 12th

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Book Name : Social Change and Development in India Ncert Solutions | Chapter-1 Sociology

Class : 12th
Subject : Sociology
Chapter : 1
Chapter Name : Structural Change

Q1 How has colonialism impacted our lives ? You can either focus on one aspect, like culture or
politics , or treat them together ?

Answer. 'Colonialism' as a forceful subjugation of the respective territory, has had tremendous
impact upon the lives of people populating the colonised territories. The respective subjugation
affected the realms in following ways :
(a) It affected the intellectual spheres of the areas as it dominated the schools of thought by
monopolising it by the structured philosophies of 'Orientalism'.
(b) It crippled the economic structures and left the huge chunk of Indian peasantry exploited.
The transformation of organic solidarity to the redundant and decayed economic avenues are
some visible effects of colonialism.
(c) The handicraft and handloom industries of the country, were left vulnerable by the rapid
mechanisation of the avenue. The machinery and industries affected the parameters of native
and indigenous arts and crafts.
(d) The effect of the exploitative administrative features of colonialism led to the formation of the
political structures and the rise of 'political consciousness' among the masses.
(e) The affect of the oppressive structures of coloinalism led to rise of nationalistic tendencies
among the exploited sections of the society.
(f) The cultural invasion led to the degradation of culture and traditions of local imperativeness.

Q2 Industrialisation and urbanisation are linked processes. Discuss.

Answer. The process which leads to the rapid increase in the industries and the usage of
machinery is known as 'industrialisation'. It is mainly considered as a step towards the rapid
economic development of the respective country. The process which leads to the establishment
of cities and towns, is known as 'urbanisation'. The above mentioned processes are connected
with each other as :

(a) The rapid increase in the industries, leads to an increase in the employment opportunities.
The economic development of individuals leads to the growth of residential areas and the
capacity of housing establishments. For example, Britain etc.

(b) The increase in the employment opportunities leads to an increase in the population.The
population increase leads to the increase in the housing areas and rapid urbanisation. For
example Delhi, Mumbai etc.

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Book Name : Social Change and Development in India Ncert Solutions | Chapter-1 Sociology

(c) The industrialisation leads to increase in the occupational mobility. This respective mobility
requires the rapid increase in the mobile facilities like railways, metro etc, which leads to
urbanisation.

(d) Rapid industrialization also had a very bad impact upon the ecological patterns and results in
environmental degradation.

(e) Industrialization leads to an increase in the foreign entrepreneurial elements , which affects
the business patterns of domestic or native companies.

Q3 Identity any town or city with which you are familiar. Find out both the history and its growth
and its contemporary status.

Answer. 'DELHI' is considered as a metropolitan city because of the rapid economic
development of the area.

Contemporary Status : The accumulation of people from all backgrounds increases the diversity
of the respective area. About 80% of the people living in Delhi, do not actually belong to the
place but mainly live in the capital-city for employment and educational opportunities. The
present state of Delhi is witnessing turmoil on the lines of detrimental environmental conditions.
Rapid industrialization and rise in intellectual spheres are another major impactful phenomenon
present in Delhi.The increase in the transportation sectors and industries marks the
industrialisation and urbanisation of the area.

Historical context : The historical significance of the region can be analysed by contextualising
the effect of Afghans, Mughals and Colonial monopolisation of the area. It stands as a testimony
to the historical dynasties and the growth of Indo-Persian and Imperial architecture in the
respective capital-city. Delhi stands as a visual expression of power and political dynamics of
different dynasties having a colossal impact upon it.

Q4 You may be living in a very small town, may be in a very big city, a semi urban settlement or
a village.
a) Describe the place where you live.
b)What are the features, which make you think it is a town and not a city,a village and not a
town, or a city and not a village?
c) Is there any factory where you live?
d) Is agriculture the main job that people do?
e) Is it the occupational nature that has a determining influence?

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Book Name : Social Change and Development in India Ncert Solutions | Chapter-1 Sociology

f) Is it the buildings?
g) Is it the availability of educational opportunities?
h) Is it the way people live and behave?
i) Is it the way people talk and dress?

Answer.
(a) I live in Kashmir. The disputed and conflictual state due to the illegal occupation of territory
by Indian forces.It is considered as the conflictual area because of its separatist tendencies.

(b) I live in Budgam area of Kashmir and it is to be considered as a 'district'. The conditions are
not that well as the lack of medical and educational facilities is quite visible that is why it can be
concluded as 'city'. It is not to be considered as 'village' because it is quite economically
developed than a village.

(c) No.

(d) Yes.

(e) No.

(f) No.

(g) Yes.

(h) No.

(i) No.

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