NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Sociology (Social Change and Development in India) Chapter 5 Change and Development in Industrial Society

NCERT
SOLUTIONS
CLASS - 12th

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Book Name : Social Change and Development in India Ncert Solutions | Chapter-5 Sociology

Class : 12th
Subject : Sociology
Chapter : 5
Chapter Name : Change and Development in Industrial Society

Q1 Choose any occupation you see around you – and describe it along the following lines :
a) social composition of the workforce – caste, gender, age, region;
b) labour process – how the work takes place,
c) wages and other benefits,
d) working conditions – safety, rest times, working hours etc.

Answer. Occupation : Industrial worker.
(a) The social composition plays an important role in the industrial parameters. The stratification
of the basis of caste , gender etc plays an imperative role in the formation of power dynamic
structure within the working space. The inequalities within the employment structure faced by
women is often camouflaged under the kaross of professionalism. The upper caste dominates
upon the lower caste and it leads to the exploitation of people belonging to the underprivileged
sections.
(b) The process of working also includes the primacy given to one class or primarily one gender
over another. The functioning of occupations is subject to discriminative patterns.
(c) The issue of equal-pay has always been the primary force of movement of industrial workers
against the exploitation against the sections of the society mainly dominated by males and
upper castes.
(d) The terrible working conditions is the starkest reality of the contemporary world as it
dominates the avenues of occupational and functioning parameters. The issues of maternity
and paternity leaves are imperative to recognise in the status quo.

Q2 In the account of brickmaking, beedi rolling, software engineers or mines
that are described in the boxes, describe the social composition of the
workers. What are the working conditions and facilities available? How
do girls like Madhu feel about their work?

Answer. The social composition of workers include :
Brickmaking : Lower castes, Lower Classes, Lower-Caste women , Children etc.
Beedi rolling : Women , Children, Uneducated class.
Software engineers : Educated women, Educated Men, Upper-caste.
Mines : Lower caste and Uneducated class.

The working conditions are really poor in terms of brickmaking and bidi rolling industries as
there is no occupational safety and occupational security. The equal work and equal pay is also
important to understand in the context of ITcompanies in metropolitan cities.

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Book Name : Social Change and Development in India Ncert Solutions | Chapter-5 Sociology

Madhu actually enjoys her work as she is able to interact and associate with the outside world,
anything outside the bickerings of household.

Q3 How has liberalisation affected employment patterns in India?

Answer. Liberalisation affects the employment patterns as :
(a) It increased the employment opportunities in industries and MNC's.
(b) It increased the occupational mobility of people due to transportation facilities.
(c) It increased the participation of women in the occupational sector.
(d) It increased the FDI's and affected the corporate occupational opportunities of people.
(e) It led to occupational migration of village people to cities.

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