NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Sociology (Social Change and Development in India) Chapter 8 Social Movements

NCERT
SOLUTIONS
CLASS - 12th

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Book Name : Social Change and Development in India Ncert Solutions | Chapter-8 Sociology

Class : 12th
Subject : Sociology
Chapter : 8
Chapter Name : Social Movements

Q1 Imagine a society where there has been no social movement. Discuss. You can also
describe how you imagine such a society to be.

Answer. The societal paradigm is subject to different stratifications on the basis of caste, creed ,
colour , gender etc. The society often consists of the subalterns and underprivileged sections of
the society which revolt against the established notions of discriminative patterns. The society
which does not consist of any social movement can be primarily because of two reasons:
(a) It's an idealistic society where the differences do not exist.
(b) The recognition of differences is not prevalent.

In my opinion, such a society is subject to idealism because the discourse and dissent is the
real essence of the society. The opposition against the exploitative tendencies is quite
imperative in a society to function properly.

Q2 Write short notes on :
(a) Women's Movement
(b) Tribal Movements

Answer.
(a) Women's movement :

(a) Women's movements are considered as an important part of the waves of feminism in the
context of Europe and third world countries.
(b)Women's movement in Europe was mainly concentrated towards the establishment of
equality in the political realm.
(c)In India, the feministic tendencies aimed at the eradication of social discriminative patterns.
(d) The Anti-Arrack movement is the example of women's movement which mainly aimed at the
eradication of alcoholism from the society as it affected the social and economical paradigms of
'household'.
(e) The Women's movement in India , also demanded the political participation of women in
representative democratic institutions . It led to the reservation of 1/3rd of seats in Panchayats
for women.
(f) Recently, women movements concentrated at the eradication of noramalisation of sexual
harassment and rape from the society. The mass protests against Unnao rape case etc are its
towering specimens.

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(g) Women's movements have also aimed at ecological conservation and environmental
protection. For example : Chipko movement, Green Gang etc.

(b) Tribal movements :

(a) The tribal movements are mainly concentrated against the capitalistic ventures of the
government.
(b) The tribal movements in the Jharkhand , under the leadership of Birsa Munda is the
towering example of such a case.
(c) The tribal movements were launched against the government because of the rise of the
state and corporate intervention into their territories.
(d) The excessive intervention led to the rise of Naxalism in the states of Andhra Pradesh
and West Bengal.
(e) The laws introduced for the protection of minority and political rights of the tribals are
introduced by the Indian political system.
(f) These movements are launched against their displacement, exploitation of their
resources and excessive interventions by public and private spheres.

Q3 In India it is difficult to make a clear distinction between the old and new social movements.
Discuss.

Answer. The old movements in the context of India are entirely different from the new
movements as:
(a) Old movements were mainly concentrated towards the materialistic tendencies of the
community or we can say that the movements had a very individualistic approach.
(b) New movements are subject to the notions of social responsibility and include the
movements like LGBTQ+ movement, environmental movements into the considerations.
(c) Old movements were also fueled by political parties.
(d) The new movements are launched against the policies and actions of political parties.

Q4 Environmental movements often also contain economic and identity issues. Discuss.

Answer. The environmental issues are connected with the economic and identity issues as :
(a) The economic development and its rapid implementation has a tremendous impact upon the
environmental movements.
(b) The sustainable development and the application of such principle requires the cooperation
of all international agents.
(c) The principle of common but differentiated responsibility is also very much important to
recognise the interests of the Global South.

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(d) The identity issues also play an important role in the propagation of environmental
movements. For example : Chipko movement, as the female-population gets more affected by
deforestation as the rural women are responsible for the collection of fire-wood.

Q5 Distinguish between peasants and New Farmers movements.

Answer. The peasant's movement mainly arose against the economically exploitative policies of
the colonial order. The pre-independence period witnessed large amount of peasant
movements like the protest by the Indigo planters in the country of India. The peasant satygraha
was dominated by the political and nationalistic tendencies also as the Champaran movement
and Bardoli satyagraha are its examples.

New Farmers movement is mainly concentrated towards the established government, to work
for the welfare and betterment of farmers. It mainly aims at the waiving of loans , more prices for
cash crops and more policies for the economic upliftment of the farmers.

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