ICSE Class 9 Syllabus 2028 Economics

ICSE
INDIAN CERTIFICATE OF
SECONDARY EDUCATION
EXAMINATION
YEAR 2028

ECONOMICS
(64)

Developed by:
Research, Development and Curriculum Division (RDCD)
CISCE

January 2026
____________________________________________________________________________________________

© Copyright, Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations
All rights reserved. The copyright to this publication and any part thereof solely vests in the Council for the Indian
School Certificate Examinations. This publication and no part thereof may be reproduced, transmitted, distributed or
stored in any manner whatsoever, without the prior written approval of the Council for the Indian School Certificate
Examinations.

Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations (CISCE)

MISSION STATEMENT

The Council for the Indian School Certificate
Examinations is committed to serving the nation's
children, through high quality educational
endeavours, empowering them to contribute towards
a humane, just and pluralistic society, promoting
introspective living, by creating exciting learning
opportunities, with a commitment to excellence.

ETHOS OF CISCE

Trust and fair play.
Minimum monitoring.
Allowing schools to evolve their own niche.
Catering to the needs of the children.
Giving freedom to experiment with new ideas
and practices.
Diversity and plurality - the basic strength for
evolution of ideas.
Schools to motivate pupils towards the
cultivation of:
Excellence - The Indian and Global
experience.
Values - Spiritual and cultural - to be the bedrock
of the educational experience.
Schools to have an 'Indian Ethos', strong roots in
the national psyche and be sensitive to national
aspirations.

ECONOMICS (64)

Candidates offering Economic Applications in (Group III) are not eligible to offer Economics (Group II)

Aims:
1. To acquire the knowledge of terms, facts, concepts, trends, principles, assumptions, etc. in Economics.
2. To develop familiarity with the basic terminology and elementary ideas of Economics.
3. To acquire knowledge of contemporary economic problems and to appreciate the efforts being made to solve
these problems.
4 To develop an understanding of the Nation’s physical and human resources and how to avoid their misuse.
5. To understand the various economic processes that help in improving our standard of living.

CLASS IX
There will be one paper of two hours duration carrying 80 marks and Internal Assessment of 20 marks.

1. Introduction to Economics
(a) Definition of Economics according to Adams, Robbins, Keynes and Samuelson.
Self-explanatory.
(b) Micro & Macro Economics.
Meaning, difference and examples only.
(c) Types of activities.
Economic and non-economic activities: meaning and examples; difference between Economic and non-
economic activities.
(d) Basic Economic terms.
Meaning of the following economic terms: Wants, Goods, services, wealth, utility, production,
consumption, sustainable consumption, factors of production, market, price, value, income, saving, wealth,
welfare, economy.
(e) Entities.
Government sectors, firms, households, foreign sector: meaning only.

2. Types of Economies
(a) On the basis of Nature.
Capitalist Economy, Socialist Economy, Mixed Economy – with reference to India (meaning and
differences).
(b) On the basis of Development.
Developed Economy and Developing Economy: meaning and differences.
(c) Economic growth and development.
Meaning and differences.

3. Problems of an Economy
(a) Limited availability of Resources.
Meaning and types of resources with examples; meaning and examples of limited resources; an
understanding of the basic economic problem - Human wants are unlimited in relation to limited
resources that have alternative uses; need for efficient use of resources (brief understanding with an
example.)

1

(b) Central problems of an economy.
What to produce? How to produce? For whom to produce? - A brief understanding with examples.

4. The Indian Economy: A Study
(a) Primary Sector: Agriculture - contribution of agriculture; problems of Indian agriculture; government
measures to increase agricultural production; Green revolution and its impact; food security.
(i) Agriculture and allied activities: meaning; contribution of agriculture to employment, industry, trade
and self-sufficiency in food production: a brief understanding of the above.
(ii) Problems of Indian Agriculture: a brief understanding of: limited use of technology, fragmentation
of land holdings, dependence on monsoon, lack of rural credit facilities, inadequate storage &
marketing facilities.
(iii) Government measures to improve agricultural production: Use of High Yielding variety seeds, use of
fertiliser and insecticides, Better irrigation facilities, Adoption of technology, Setting up of
agricultural research centres and institutes, Provision & expansion of rural credit facilities.
Provision of better storage and marketing facilities: a brief understanding of the above.
(iv) Green Revolution: meaning and its positive impacts.
(v) Meaning of Food Security; role of Food Corporation of India (FCI).
(b) Secondary: Industry: meaning and types; adverse impacts of industrialisation and measures to overcome
adverse impacts.
(i) Meaning of Industry; a brief understanding of the interdependence of Agriculture and Industry.
(ii) Types of Industries; large scale and medium scale Industries. Meaning, features and examples only.
Cottage &Small-Scale Industries .Meaning, features and examples; significance with reference to
India.
(iii) Adverse impacts of industrialisation: a brief understanding of the adverse impacts with reference to
industrial pollution and deforestation; measures to overcome the adverse impacts: Afforestation,
Waste management (meaning only).
(c) Tertiary Sector: Education and Healthcare, Transportation, Banking, Insurance, Communication, Storage
and Warehousing.
Role of each of the above in the economic development of the country in brief with the help of examples.

5. Major Problems of the Indian Economy
(a) Poverty
Meaning of poverty line- concept based on calorie intake; Relative and absolute poverty: meaning with
examples; causes of poverty: any five causes of poverty to be discussed.
(b) Unemployment
Meaning; Types: Seasonal, Structural, Technological: meaning and example of each.
Causes of unemployment- any five to be discussed.
(c) Schemes and Programmes introduced by the government to remove poverty & unemployment.
Any two programmes to be studied with the objectives. For example, IRDP, JRY, PKVY, HRIDAY,
MNREGA, etc.

2

6. Major Reforms and Emerging trends in the Indian Economy
(a) LPG Model
Liberalisation, Privatisation and Globalisation: meaning of each term and its positive impact on the
Indian economy.
(b) Smart city
Concept of Smart city; Case Study: take one suitable example of a smart city and discuss the development
taken place in the form of infrastructure development, reduction of unemployment, poverty alleviation,
HR development and industrial development.
(c) ‘Digital India’ and ‘Skill India’.
Case study of each of (ii) and (iii) (not to be tested).

INTERNAL ASSESSMENT
The minimum number of assignments:
One project/assignment as prescribed by the teacher from the syllabus.
Suggested Assignments:
1. A case study on the effects of industrial pollution.
2. Conduct a research on the local economy using any one parameter, for example, education, health,
employment and so on.
3. Conduct a research on any industry and study how the output has been impacted post liberalisation and
globalisation.
4. Analyse any recent government scheme in context to the infrastructural development in the country.
5. Visit a small scale or cottage industry and write a report on the basis of the techniques of production being
used.

3