AHSEC HS 2nd Year Question Paper 2019 Logic and Philosophy

Total number of pages—8

29T LOPH

2019

LOGIC AND PHILOSOPHY

Full Marks : 100

Pass Marks : 30

Time : Three hours

The figures in the margin indicate full marks
for the questions.

Q. No. 1 carries 1 mark each 1×12 = 12

Q. No. 2 – 13 carries 2 marks each 2×12 = 24

Q. No. 14 – 23 carries 4 marks each 4×10 = 40

Q. No. 24 – 27 carries 6 marks each 6×4 = 24

Total = 100

Contd.

1. (a) What is the main subject matter of Logic ? 1
Ó¬fl«¬ø¬ı:±Ú1 ˜”˘ ’±À˘±‰¬… ø¬ı¯∏˚˛ øfl¬ ∑
(b) Is the conclusion of Unscientific Induction certain ? 1
’Õ¬ı:±øÚfl¬ ’±·˜Ú1 ø¸X±ôL√ øÚøù‰¬Ó¬ ¶§ˆ¬±ª1 ˝˚˛ ŒÚ ∑
(c) Is there ‘inductive leap’ in Perfect Induction ? 1
¬Û”Ì« ’±·˜ÚÓ¬ ë’±·˜Ú ʱ¬Ûí ’±ÀÂ√ÀÚ ∑
(d) The Paradox of Induction is connected with the Principle of the
Uniformity of Nature. Is it true ? 1
’±·˜Ú1 ø¬ıÀ1±Ò±ˆ¬±¸ √õ∂fl‘¬øÓ¬1 ¤fl¬1+¬ÛÓ¬± ÚœøÓ¬1 ˘·Ó¬ ¸—˚≈Mêº fl¬Ô±ÀȬ± qXÀÚ ∑
(e) Which is the first stage of hypothesis suggested by Mill’s
definition of hypothesis ? 1
ø˜˘1 √õ∂fl¬ä1 ¸—:± ’Ú≈¸ø1 √õ∂fl¬ä1 √õ∂Ô˜ ô¶∏1ÀȬ± øfl¬ ∑
(f) What is the meaning of ‘vera causa’ ? 1
¬¬ı±ô¶∏ª fl¬±1Ì1 ’Ô« øfl¬ ∑
(g) What is the exact object of moral judgement ? 1
ΔÚøÓ¬fl¬ ø¬ı‰¬±11 √õ∂fl‘¬Ó¬ ø¬ı¯∏˚˛¬ıd øfl¬ ∑
(h) Name the theory which states that the external world can be
directly known. 1
¬ı±˝…Ê·Ó¬‡Ú √õ∂Ó¬…鬈¬±Àª ʱøÚ¬ı ¬Û1± ˚±˚˛ ¬ı≈ø˘ ˆ¬¬ı± ˜Ó¬¬ı±ÀȬ±1 Ú±˜ øfl¬ ∑
(i) Is the conclusion of Method of Agreement certain ? 1
¬’i§˚˛œ √õ∂̱˘œ1 ø¸X±ôL√ øÚøù‰¬Ó¬ ŒÚ ∑
(j) Ethics is a positive science. Is it true ? 1
ÚœøÓ¬˙±¶a ø¬ı¯∏˚˛øÚᬠø¬ı:±Úº fl¬Ô±ÀȬ± qXÀÚ ∑

29T LOPH [2]

(k) From which Sanskrit root the word ‘Dharma’ is derived ? 1
¬ëÒ˜«í ˙sÀȬ± øfl¬ ¸—¶‘®Ó¬ Ò±Ó≈¬1 ¬Û1± ά◊æª Δ˝ÀÂ√ ∑
(l) Which principle of elimination forms the basis of Method of
Agreement ? 1
’¬Û¸1Ì1 Œfl¬±ÚÀȬ± ¸”S1 ›¬Û1Ó¬ ’i§˚˛œ √õ∂̱˘œ √õ∂øÓ¬øá¬Ó¬ ∑

2. State two points of differences between deduction and induction.
2
øÚ·˜Ú ’±1n∏ ’±·˜Ú1 ˜±ÊÓ¬ Ôfl¬± ≈Ȭ± ¬Û±Ô«fl¬… ά◊À~‡ fl¬1±º

3. Why the law of causation is called the formal ground of induction ?
2
fl¬±˚«- fl¬±1Ì ø¬ıøÒfl¬ øfl¬˚˛ ’±·˜Ú1 ’±fl¬±1·Ó¬ øˆ¬øM Œ¬ı±˘± ˝˚˛ ∑

4. Define Scientific Induction. 2
Δ¬ı:±øÚfl¬ ’±·˜Ú1 ¸—:± ø˚˛±º

5. State any two qualitative marks of causation. 2
fl¬±1Ì1 ø˚Àfl¬±ÀÚ± ≈Ȭ± &Ì·Ó¬ ˘é¬Ì ά◊À~‡ fl¬1±º
Define conjunction of causes with an example. 2
¤È¬± ά◊±˝1̸˝ fl¬±1Ì ¸˜i§˚˛1 ¸—:± ø˚˛±º

6. How many types of verification are there in a hypothesis and what
are these ? 2
√õ∂fl¬ä1 √õ∂˜±Ìœfl¬1Ì Œfl¬˝◊ √õ∂fl¬±11 ’±1n∏ øfl¬ øfl¬ ∑
What do you mean by analogical hypothesis ? 2
¸±‘˙…˜”˘fl¬ √õ∂fl¬ä ¬ı≈ø˘À˘ øfl¬ ¬ı≈ʱ ∑
29T LOPH [3] Contd.

7. Write two criticisms of Naive Realism. 2
¸1˘ ¬ı±ô¶∏ª¬ı±1 ≈Ȭ± ¸˜±À˘±‰¬Ú± ’±·¬ıÀϬˇ±ª±º

8. Give a definition of Idealism in your own words. 2
ŒÓ¬±˜±1 øÚÊ1 ˆ¬±¯∏±À1 ˆ¬±ª¬ı±1 ¤È¬± ¸—:± ø˚˛±º

9. Distinguish between fallacy of non-observation and fallacy of mal-
observation. 2
’ÚÀ¬ıé¬Ì ’±1n∏ √w±ôL√ ¬Û˚«À¬ıé¬Ì Œ±¯∏1 ˜±ÊÓ¬ Ôfl¬± ¬Û±Ô«fl¬… øÚÌ«˚˛ fl¬1±º

10. Write two advantages of observation as the material ground of
Induction. 1+1=2
¬’±·˜Ú1 ¬ıd·Ó¬ øˆ¬øM ø˝‰¬±À¬Û øÚ1œé¬Ì1 ≈Ȭ± ¸≈ø¬ıÒ± ø˘‡±º

11. Why the Idealism of Leibnitz is called Pluralistic Idealism ? 2
˘±˝◊ªøÌÊ1 ˆ¬±ª¬ı±fl¬ øfl¬˚˛ ¬ıUQ¬ı±œ ˆ¬±ª¬ı± Œ¬ı±˘± ˝˚˛ ∑

12. Define negative condition with the help of a suitable example.
1+1=2
ά◊¬Û˚≈Mê ά◊±˝1Ì1 ¸˝±˚˛Ó¬ √õ∂øÓ¬fl”¬˘ ¬ı± Ú¤û±Ô«fl¬ ά◊¬Ûfl¬±1Ì1 ¸—:± ø˚˛±º

13. Write the name of one primary and one secondary quality of an
object. 1+1=2
¬ıd1 ¤È¬± ˜≈‡… ’±1n∏ ¤È¬± Œ·ÃÌ &Ì1 Ú±˜ ø˘‡±º

14. State the qualitative marks of a cause. 4
¬¤È¬± fl¬±1Ì1 &Ì·Ó¬ ˘é¬Ì Œfl¬˝◊Ȭ± ά◊À~‡ fl¬1±º
What do you mean by plurality of causes ? Why plurality of causes
is not scientifically acceptable ? 2+2=4
¬ıUfl¬±1̬ı± ¬ı± Ú±Ú±fl¬±1̬ı± ¬ı≈ø˘À˘ øfl¬ ¬ı≈ʱ ∑ ¬ıUfl¬±1̬ı± øfl¬˚˛ ø¬ı:±Ú¸iúÓ¬ Ú˝˚˛ ∑
29T LOPH [4]

15. Do you support Naive Realism ? Give reasons in support of your
view. 1+3=4
¬¸1˘ ¬ı±ô¶∏ª¬ı± ¸˜Ô«Ú fl¬1±ÀÚ ∑ ŒÓ¬±˜±1 ˜Ó¬1 ¸˜Ô«ÚÓ¬ ˚≈øMê √õ∂±Ú fl¬1±º

16. What is ‘Crucial Instance’ ? Explain. 4
ëøÚÌ«±˚˛fl¬ ‘©Ü±ôL√í øfl¬ ∑ ¬ı…±‡…± fl¬1±º

17. State two advantages and two disadvantages of the Method of
difference. 2+2=4
¬ı…øÓ¬À1fl¬œ √õ∂̱˘œ1 ≈Ȭ± ¸≈ø¬ıÒ± ’±1n∏ ≈Ȭ± ’¸≈ø¬ıÒ± ά◊À~‡ fl¬1±º
Write two advantages and two disadvantages of the Method of
Agreement. 2+2=4
’i§˚˛œ ¬ÛXøÓ¬1 ≈Ȭ± ¸≈ø¬ıÒ± ’±1n∏ ≈Ȭ± ’¸≈ø¬ıÒ± ø˘‡±º

18. Briefly express any four characteristics of Scientific Realism. 4
Δ¬ı:±øÚfl¬ ¬ı±ô¶∏ª¬ı±1 ø˚Àfl¬±ÀÚ± ‰¬±ø1Ȭ± Δ¬ıø˙©Ü… ‰¬˜≈Õfl¬ √õ∂fl¬±˙ fl¬1±º

19. Name the philosopher who made the statement ‘Esse Est Percipi’.
Explain the meaning of the statement. 1+3=4
ëõ∂Ó¬…é¬ÀÓ¬ ¬ıd ø¬ı…˜±Úí ñ ¤˝◊ ά◊øMêÀȬ±1 ˘·Ó¬ ÊøάˇÓ¬ ±˙«øÚfl¬ÊÚ1 Ú±˜ ø˘‡±º
ά◊øMêÀȬ±1 ’Ô« ¬ı…±‡…± fl¬1±º
Do you think that Hegel’s idealism tries to reconcile idealism and
realism ? Explain. 4
Œ˝À·˘1 ˆ¬±ª¬ı±À ¬ı±ô¶∏ª¬ı± ’±1n∏ ˆ¬±ª¬ı±1 ¸˜i§˚˛ ¸±ÒÚ fl¬ø1¬ıÕ˘ Œ‰¬©Ü± fl¬ø1ÀÂ√ ¬¬ı≈ø˘
Ó≈¬ø˜ ˆ¬±¬ı±ÀÚ ∑ ¬ı≈ʱ˝◊ ø˘‡±º

20. Explain briefly the Dharma and Artha as Purusa-rthas. 2+2=4
¬Û≈1n∏¯∏±Ô« ø˝‰¬±À¬Û Ò˜« ’±1n∏ ’Ô« ‰¬˜≈Õfl¬ ¬ı…±‡…± fl¬1±º
29T LOPH [5] Contd.

State four important aspects with which Ethics deals. 4
ÚœøÓ¬˙±¶aÓ¬ ’±À˘±ø‰¬Ó¬ Œ˝±ª± ‰¬±ø1Ȭ± &1n∏Q¬Û”Ì« ø¬ı¯∏˚˛1 ’±À˘±‰¬Ú± fl¬1±º

21. Write a note on Plato’s Idealism. 4
Œõ≠ÀȬ±1 ˆ¬±ª¬ı±1 ›¬Û1Ó¬ ¤øȬ ŒÈ¬±fl¬± ø˘‡±º

22. Write briefly the nature of religion. 4
Ò˜«1 ¶§1+¬Û ¸•ÛÀfl«¬ ‰¬˜≈Õfl¬ ø˘‡±º

23. Briefly explain the four stages of hypothesis. 4
√õ∂fl¬ä1 ‰¬±ø1Ȭ± ô¶∏11 ‰¬˜≈ ά◊À~‡ fl¬1±º

24. State any three similarities and any three dissimilarities between
Unscientific Induction and Analogy. 3+3=6
’Õ¬ı:±øÚfl¬ ’±·˜Ú ’±1n∏ ¸±‘˙…˜”˘fl¬ ’Ú≈˜±Ú1 ˜±ÊÓ¬ Ôfl¬± ø˚Àfl¬±ÀÚ± øÓ¬øÚȬ± ¸±‘˙…
’±1n∏ øÓ¬øÚȬ± Δ¬ı¸±‘˙… ά◊À~‡ fl¬1±º
Define Unscientific Induction and state its main characteristics.
1+5=6
’Õ¬ı:±øÚfl¬ ’±·˜Ú1 ¸—:± ø˚˛± ’±1n∏ ˝◊˚˛±1 ˜”˘ Δ¬ıø˙©Ü… ¸˜”˝ ά◊À~‡ fl¬1±º

25. Define the Joint Method of Agreement and Difference with concrete
example. State two advantages and two disadvantages of this
method. 2+2+2=6
¬ı±ô¶∏ª ά◊±˝1ÀÌÀ1 Δ¸ÀÓ¬ ø˜| ’i§˚˛œ ¬ı…øÓ¬À1fl¬œ √õ∂̱˘œ1 ¸—:± ø˚˛±º ¤˝◊ √õ∂̱˘œ1 ≈Ȭ±
¸≈ø¬ıÒ± ’±1n∏ ≈Ȭ± ’¸≈ø¬ıÒ± ά◊À~‡ fl¬1±º
Explain the Method of Residues with examples. 6
ά◊±˝1̸˝ ¬Ûø1À˙¯∏ √õ∂̱˘œ1 ¬ı…±‡…± fl¬1±º
29T LOPH [6]

26. Explain Aristotle’s view on causation. 6
fl¬±1Ì ¸•ÛÀfl«¬ ¤ø1©ÜȬí˘1 Ò±1̱ ¬ı…±‡…± fl¬1±º
Explain the Law of Causation as one of the formal grounds of
Induction. 6

’±·˜Ú1 ¤fl¬ ’±fl¬±1·Ó¬ øˆ¬øM ø˝‰¬±À¬ı fl¬±˚«…fl¬±1Ì ø¬ıøÒ ¬¬ı…±‡…± fl¬1±º

27. “Religion and Morality are mutually dependable” — Discuss it.
6
ëëÒ˜« ’±1n∏ ÚœøÓ¬ ¬Û1¶Û1 øÚˆ«¬1˙œ˘íí ñ ’±À˘±‰¬Ú± fl¬1±º
What do you mean by Religion ? Which is the most acceptable
definition of Religion ? Explain two characteristics of Religion.
2+2+2=6
Ò˜« ¬ı≈ø˘À˘ øfl¬ ¬ı≈ʱ ∑ Ò˜«1 ’±È¬±˝◊Ó¬Õfl¬ ¸ÀôL√±¯∏ÊÚfl¬ ¸—:± Œfl¬±ÚÀȬ± ∑ Ò˜«1 ≈Ȭ± Δ¬ıø˙©Ü…
¬ı≈ʱ˝◊ ø˘‡±º

——— ×———

29T LOPH [7]

29T LOPH [8] 100+