MBOSE Class 12 Question Paper 2026 for Geography

FOR MBOSE CLASS 12 EXAM PREPARATION

MBOSE Class 12 2026
Question Paper ·
Geography
EXAM YEAR TYPE SUBJECT

MBOSE Class 12 2026 Question Paper Geography

Notes · Sample Papers · Previous Year Papers · Mock Tests

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Total No. of Printed Pages—12+1(Map)

HS/XII/A.Sc/Geo/NC/26
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a ( New Course )

( Theory )
Full Marks : 70

Time : 3 hours
The figures in the margin indicate full marks for the questions.
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General Instructions :
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(i) This question paper contains 29 questions. All questions
are compulsory.
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(ii) This question paper is divided into five Sections—Sections
A, B, C, D and E.

(iii) In Section—A, Question Nos. 1 to 17 are multiple-choice
type questions (MCQ) carrying 1 mark each.

(iv) In Section—B, Question Nos. 18 and 19 are

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source–based questions carrying 3 marks each.

mSection—C, Question Nos. 20 to 23 are short answer-
c. otype questions carrying 3 marks each. Answer to these sem
(v) In .co
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la (vi) In Section—D, Question Nos. 24 to 28 are long answer-
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ag type questions carrying 6 marks each. Answer to these
questions shall be written in 120 to 150 words each.

(vii) In Section—E, Question No. 29 is Map–based question
carrying 5 marks.

/65 [ P.T.O.

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( 2 )

SECTION—A
Answer Question Nos. 1 to 17 (multiple-choice type questions) :
1×17=17

1. Who among the following introduced the concept of
Neo-determinism?
(a) Ellen C. Semple (b) Paul Vidal de la Blache
(c) Griffith Taylor (d) Ratzel

2. Which one of the following is also called slash-and-burn
agriculture?
(a) Mixed farming
(b) Primitive subsistence agriculture
(c) Plantation agriculture
(d) Mediterranean agriculture

3. Choose the correct pair.
(a) State having the highest population—Uttar Pradesh
(b) State having the highest literacy rate —West Bengal
(c) State having the highest percentage of rural
population—Goa
(d) State having the highest population of Sikhs—Kerala

4. Which of the following are true about urban settlements?
1. They are generally compact and larger in size.
2. People are engaged in secondary and tertiary
activities.
3. They provide raw materials for various industries.
(a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 1 and 3
(c) 1 and 2 (d) 2 and 3

HS/XII/A.Sc/Geo/NC/26/65 [ Contd.

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5. There are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and
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Reason (R). Choose the correct answer from the options
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Assertionla
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Irrigation is needed in India because of
spatio-temporal variability of rainfall in the country.

Reason (R) :

Agriculture accounts for 92% of groundwater
utilisation in India.
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(a) Both A and R are true and R. is the correct
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explanation of A
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(b) Both A and R are true,a but R is not the correct
explanation of A

(c) A is true but R is false

(d) Both A and R are false

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6. Which of the following is the busiest sea-route in the

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world, also called the Big Trunk Route?

m (a) The Cape of Good Hope Sea Route s e
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a (b) The North Pacific Sea Route

(c) The Northern Atlantic Sea Route

(d) The Southern Atlantic Sea Route

HS/XII/A.Sc/Geo/NC/26/65 [ P.T.O.

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( 4 )

7. According to Dr. Mahbub ul-Haq, which of the following
means human development?

(a) Development which increases people’s income

(b) Development which enlarges people’s choices

(c) Development which makes people strong

(d) Development which makes people smart

8. Which mineral is an important raw material for smelting
of iron ore and for making ferroalloys?

(a) Copper (b) Bauxite

(c) Manganese (d) Mica

9. Which of the following is/are true in the context of
international trade of India?
1. There has been an increase in the total volume of
import and export.
2. The value of imports is higher than the value of
exports.

Codes :

(a) Only 1

(b) Only 2

(c) Both 1 and 2

(d) None of the above

HS/XII/A.Sc/Geo/NC/26/65 [ Contd.

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10. Which one of the following is the main reason for female
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migration in India?
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(a) Education
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(b) Marriage

(c) Employment

(d) Lack of security

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11. Which one of the following is the most polluted river of
India?
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(a) Brahmaputra
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(b) Yamuna

(c) Ganga

(d) Krishna

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12. Which industries produce raw materials for other
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industries?
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(c) Footloose industries

(d) Small-scale industries

HS/XII/A.Sc/Geo/NC/26/65 [ P.T.O.

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( 6 )

13. Choose the correct pair.

(a) The Rhine Waterway–Eastern Europe
(b) The Danube Waterway–Western Europe
(c) The Volga Waterway–Russia
(d) The Great Lakes St. Lawrence Seaway–South America

14. Which one of the following is the longest river in
Meghalaya?
(a) Umngot River
(b) Simsang River
(c) Myntdu River
(d) Umiam River

15. Where is the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre located?
(a) Tarapur
(b) Narora
(c) Kota
(d) Trombay

16. Which of the following provides helicopter services in the
hilly areas of North-East India?
(a) Indian Airlines
(b) Air India Limited
(c) Pawan Hans Limited
(d) The Airport Authority of India

HS/XII/A.Sc/Geo/NC/26/65 [ Contd.

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17. Arrange the following stages of demographic transition in
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a chronological order and choose the correct option :
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1. High fertility and high mortality
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2. Birthrate equal to death rate
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3. Population explosion
Codes :
(a) 1, 2, 3
(b) 3, 2, 1
(c) 2, 3, 1
(d) 1, 3, 2
SECTION—B

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Answer Question Nos. 18 and 19 (source–based questions) : 3×2=6
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18. Read the following passage carefully .and answer the
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questions that follow :
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Rainwater Harvesting

Shortage of water is felt in rural areas for irrigation and for
domestic use as well as for industrial use in urban areas.
One of the methods of solving the problem of water
shortage is by adopting rainwater harvesting. It is a
technique of increasing the recharge of groundwater by
capturing and storing rainwater locally in sub-surface
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water reservoirs to meet the household needs. The
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objectives of this technique are to meet the ever increasing
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demand for water, reduce the surface run-off which chokes m
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drains, avoid flooding of roads, improve the quality of

l as groundwater and also to reduce soil erosion.
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ag There are many low-cost techniques which can be used to
recharge the groundwater aquifers. Some of the important
techniques are roofwater harvesting, recharging of
handpumps, recharge through abandoned dug-wells,
recharge through trench and bunds and stop dams on

HS/XII/A.Sc/Geo/NC/26/65 [ P.T.O.

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( 8 )

small rivulets. The techniques of rainwater harvesting are
not new to India. These days, rainwater harvesting is being
taken up on a massive scale in many States in the country.
Urban areas can specially benefit from this method as
water demand has already outstripped supply in most of
the cities and towns.

(a) What is rainwater harvesting? 1

(b) What are the objectives of rainwater harvesting? 1

(c) List some important low-cost techniques of rainwater
harvesting. 1

19. Study the following table carefully and answer the
questions that follow : 1×3=3

Categories Persons % to total Male Female
workers

Primary 263022473 54·6 165447075 97575398
activities

Secondary 18336307 3·8 9775635 8560672
activities

Tertiary 200384531 41·6 156643220 43741311
activities

(a) Identify the activity in which most people are
engaging. 1

HS/XII/A.Sc/Geo/NC/26/65 [ Contd.

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(b) Give examples of primary activities. 1
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(c)
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Give two reasons for poor female participation in
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work in India. 1

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Answer Question Nos. 20 to 23 (short answer-type questions) :
3×4=12

20. Define human geography. Mention any four fields of
human geography. 3
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suitable examples.
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Explain the concept of environmental determinism with

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21. Mention four reasons for the increasing popularity of air
transport in the recent times, in spite of its high cost. 3

22. Mention two reasons for migration of people in large
number from rural to urban areas. 3

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23. What are the problems faced by urban slums? 3
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a:
a 6×5=30

24. Describe the functional classification of towns by giving
suitable examples from India. 6

HS/XII/A.Sc/Geo/NC/26/65 [ P.T.O.

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( 10 )

25. (a) What is human development? Describe the four
pillars of human development. 1+5=6
Or
(b) ‘‘The population of the world is unevenly distributed.’’
Briefly describe the factors influencing the
distribution of the world population. 6

26. (a) What is pastoralism? Describe the characteristics of
nomadic herding. Mention two areas in the world
where nomadic herding is still practised. 1+4+1=6
Or
(b) What are secondary activities? Give an account on
any four geographical factors influencing the location
of industries. 1+5=6

27. (a) ‘‘Dependence on erratic monsoon and indebtedness
are the major problems of Indian agriculture.’’
Explain these problems and suggest some measures
to overcome these problems. 5+1=6
Or
(b) Briefly describe the growth of iron and steel industry
in India. What are the facilities available for the
growth of the Tata Iron and Steel Industry in India?`
2+4=6

28. (a) Give a detailed account on the important mineral
resources of Meghalaya and their distribution. 6
Or
(b) What are Transcontinental Railways? Give a detailed
account on any two important Transcontinental
Railways in the world. 1+5=6

HS/XII/A.Sc/Geo/NC/26/65 [ Contd.

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m
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Answer Question No..29 (map–based question) : e
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29. On the given
sevenageographical features have been marked as A, B, C,
D, E, F and G. Identify any five with the help of the
following information and write their correct names on the
lines drawn near each feature :
A. An area of nomadic herding
B. A major airport in South Africa

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C. A canal that connects the Atlantic Ocean with the

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Pacific Ocean

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D. The Eastern Terminal Station of the Trans-Siberian
Railway
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E. An area of dairy farming
F. An important inland waterway
G. An area of extensive commercial grain farming

[ Important : Tear Page No. 13 along the dotted line and attach it

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with the Answer-Book ]

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is for Visually Impaired Candidates
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a 29. Answer any five questions from the following : 1×5=5
(a) Name an area of nomadic herding in South Africa.
(b) Name the major airport of South Africa.

HS/XII/A.Sc/Geo/NC/26/65 [ P.T.O.

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( 12 )

(c) Name a canal that connects the Atlantic Ocean with
the Pacific Ocean.

(d) Name the Eastern Terminal Station of the
Trans-Siberian Railway.

(e) Name an area of dairy farming in Australia.

(f) Name the important inland waterway in North
America.

(g) Name an area of extensive commercial grain farming
in North America.

HHH

HS/XII/A.Sc/Geo/NC/26/65 26K—2030

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Total No. of Printed Pages—8
HS/XII/A. Sc/Geo/OC/26

2026

GEOGRAPHY
( Old Course )
( Theory )

Full Marks : 70
Time : 3 hours
The figures in the margin indicate full marks for the questions
General Instructions :
(i) Write all the answers in the Answer Script.
(ii) Attempt Part—A (Objective Questions) serially.
(iii) Attempt all parts of a question together at one place.

( PART : A—OBJECTIVE )
( Marks : 43 )

GROUP—A
( Marks : 23 )

SECTION—I
1. Choose and write the correct answer from the options
given below : 1×8=8
(a) The type of situation in which natural forces are more
powerful than the human endeavour is termed as
(i) dualism
(ii) environmental determinism
(iii) environmental possibilism
(iv) None of the above

/64 [ P.T.O.

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(b) The main area of high population density extends
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from the English Channel in the West to Dnieper

em River in the East is known as population axis of
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l as (i) Europe
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ag (ii) Asia
(iii) Africa
(iv) America

(c) The exchange of goods without involving currency is
known as
(i) barter system
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(ii) crypto system .co
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(iii) monetary system

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(iv) All of the

(d) Which of the following countries recorded the lowest
sex ratio in the world?
(i) Latvia
(ii) India
(iii) UAE
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s em (e) The total population of India
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2011 Census is

ag (i) 1210·2 million
(ii) 1·4 billion
(iii) 1200 million
(iv) 150 billion

HS/XII/A. Sc/Geo/OC/26/64 [ Contd.

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( 3 )

(f) Metropolitan cities in India has a population of over

(i) 4 million

(ii) 3 million

(iii) 1 million

(iv) 2 million

(g) Nokrek Peak is located in

(i) Assam

(ii) Meghalaya

(iii) Tripura

(iv) Mizoram

(h) Gangtok is an example of

(i) tourist town

(ii) mining town

(iii) industrial town

(iv) religious town

HS/XII/A. Sc/Geo/OC/26/64 [ P.T.O.

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2. Fill in the blanks by choosing the correct answer from the
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options given below :
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s
s em(a) _____ regarded as the father of modern human
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l a geography.
a
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(ii) Friedrich Ratzel
(iii) Humboldt
(iv) Ritter

(b) Hunting is an example of _____ activities.
(i) tertiary
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(ii) secondary
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(iii) quaternary e
(iv) primary la
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(c) _____ has the highest percentage of rural population
in India according to 2011 figures.
(i) Meghalaya
(ii) Maharashtra
(iii) Tamil Nadu
(iv) Himachal Pradesh
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(d) _____ is a riverine port located at the bank of .Hooghly
m .co River about 128 km inland from the Baysof emBengal.
s e g la
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a (ii) Chennai

(iii) Mangalore

(iv) Kolkata

HS/XII/A. Sc/Geo/OC/26/64 [ Contd.

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( 5 )

(e) The height of Shillong Peak is _____ above sea level.
(i) 1961 metres
(ii) 2000 metres
(iii) 3200 metres
(iv) 1500 metres

(f) Uttar Pradesh accounts for _____ of the estimated
groundwater potential.
(i) 25 percent
(ii) 19 percent
(iii) 10 percent
(iv) 20 percent

(g) _____ is the largest producer of coffee in India.
(i) Karnataka
(ii) West Bengal
(iii) Tripura
(iv) Odisha

(h) In which of the following trade blocs is India an
associate member?
(i) SAFTA
(ii) OPEC
(iii) LAIA
(iv) NAFTA

HS/XII/A. Sc/Geo/OC/26/64 [ P.T.O.

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. 1×7=7 se
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3. Give direct answer to the following questions :
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a (b) What is India’s rank in Human Development Index
(HDI) according to the Human Development Report,
2005 in the world?

(c) Name any one factor which determines the types of
rural settlement.

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(d) Who introduced the concept of Human Development
Index?
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(e)
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Name two types of minerals.
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(f) Name Asia’s glargest slum.
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(g) Where is the headquarters of Organization of the
Petroleum Exporting Countries located?

GROUP—B
( Marks : 20 )
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SECTION—I
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l as
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(b) What is pollution?

(c) Define port.

HS/XII/A. Sc/Geo/OC/26/64 [ Contd.

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( 7 )

(d) Define arithmetic population density.

(e) Define occupation.

(f) What is literacy rate?

(g) What is primary activity?

SECTION—II

5. Answer any four of the following questions (within 5 or
6 sentences each) : 3×4=12

(a) Name the different consequences of migration in
India and mention any one in detail.

(b) What is mass communication?

(c) What are the three basic areas of human
development?

(d) Write a short note on the horticulture crops in
Meghalaya.

(e) Define net sown area.

(f) What are the causes of water pollution?

(g) Mention any three differences between compact
settlements and dispersed settlements.

HS/XII/A. Sc/Geo/OC/26/64 [ P.T.O.

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( Marks : 27 )
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l a 6. Define human activities. Explain two geographical factors ag
ag and two non-geographical factors for the location of an
industry. 1+4+4=9

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Discuss the causes and consequences of migration in India
with relevant examples. 4+5=9

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7. Define transport. Name the three different modes of
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transport. Discuss the
s ethree advantages and

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disadvantages of air transport. 1+2+6=9

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Explain why ports are known as gateway of international
trade. Give a classification of ports on the basis of function.
4+5=9

8. What is land pollution? Explain the different factors
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which lead to soil pollution. Suggest measures for
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reduction of land pollution. 1+3+5=9

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Or

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Meghalaya. 9
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HHH

HS/XII/A. Sc/Geo/OC/26/64 26K—300

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