Maharashtra HSC Syllabus 2022 Agriculture Science and Technology

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Agriculture Science and Technology (75)

Introduction 7. understand the cultivation of important
Agriculture is the back bone of countries field crops, fruits, vegetables and
development, as more than 65 % Indian floriculture crops.
population living in the rural area is mainly 8. know the improved technology like
dependant on agriculture and the related fields. hybridization, tissue culture, polyhouse,
Hence, development of agriculture is the only farm mechanization etc.
way to improve the economic status of the 9. study climate in relation to plant growth.
rural population. Besides, agriculture has the 10. acquire knowledge about weed, pest and
potential to nourish the ever increasing disease management.
population provided the productivity and 11. develop the skill in using various
production of the various crops is increased agricultural appliances.
substantially. 12. study management practices for sustainable
It is the need of the hour to strengthen agriculture.
agricultural education and extension activity 13. develop the habits of working in field
for the benefit of the farming community conditions.
through the inclusion of agriculture subjects to 14. know the extension teaching methods and
the 10 + 2 students or technicians. As majority aids.
of the school going children belong to villages, 15. appreciate and honour the work of farming
they are expected to acquire knowledge of community.
improved techniques in agriculture easily.
Objectives Std. XI : Theory
To enable the students to 1. Introduction to Agronomy and Crop
1. acquire knowledge of different soil forming Production
rocks and soil formation procedure. 1.1 Agronomy
2. know the properties of soil, soil types and 1.2 Crop production
soil management practices. 2. Rocks and minerals
3. understand different agricultural practices 2.1 Meaning of rock
for maintenance of soil fertility and 2.2 Types of rocks
productivity. 2.3 Study of minerals
4. understand different factors of crop 2.4 Weathering of rocks
production. 3. Soil
5. know the use of farm waste for soil 3.1 Meaning
improvement. 3.2 Functions
6. study the dry land farming and watershed 3.3 Soil formation
management. 3.4 Properties of soil
3.5 Soil fertility and productivity

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3.6 Soils of Maharashtra 9.6 Study of important diseases
4. Weather and climate 10. Weed management
4.1 Different weather elements 10.1 Meaning
4.2 Instruments of measurement 10.2 Characteristics
4.3 Weather forecasting 10.3 Classification
5. Plant morphology and physiology 10.4 Effects of weeds
5.1 Study of different plant parts viz. 10.5 Dispersal of weeds
root, stem, leaf and flower 10.6 Weed control
5.2 Plant physiology 11. Crop rotation and cropping scheme
6. Tillage and farm operations 11.1 Crop rotation
6.1 Definition 11.2 Cropping scheme
6.2 Objectives 12. Dryland agriculture
6.3 Types 12.1 Meaning and classification
6.4 Tillage implements 12.2 Characteristics of dry land agriculture
6.5 Modern concepts 12.3 Water shed management
6.6 Farm operations 12.4 Water harvesting
7. Seed and sowing 12.5 Contingency planning
7.1 Meaning 12.6 Sustainable agriculture
7.2 Difference between seed and grain 13 Study of different crops
7.3 Characteristics of seed 13.1 Cereals and pulses:Jowar and bajra,
7.4 Parts of seed gram and red gram
7.5 Seed technology 13.2 Importance of vegetables
7.6 Seed multiplication 13.3 Classification of vegetables
7.7 Seed treatment 13.4 Study of vegetables – potato, brinjal,
7.8 Sowing methods chilli, okra, cabbage, onion, spinach
7.9 Sowing time, depth and spacing and cucumber
8. Seed testing 14. Agricultural economics
8.1 Objectives 14.1 Introduction to basic concepts
8.2 International Seed Testing 14.2 Agricultural costing
Association 14.3 Cost of cultivation
8.3 Seed germination 14.4 World Trade Organization (WTO)
8.4 Seed dormancy 14.5 Awareness in purchasing agricultural
8.5 Different seed tests inputs.
9. Plant protection Practicals
9.1 Pest and diseases Std. XI
9.2 Control methods 1. Identification of important rocks.
9.3 Integrated pest management 2. Identification of seeds of different crops,
9.4 Integrated disease management manures and fertilizers.
9.5 Study of important pests 3. Study of soil profile and different types of

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soils. 1.5 Integrated nutrient management
4. Handling and use of different tillage 2. Manures and fertilizers
implements and plant protection 2.1 Meaning
equipments. 2.2 Classification
5. Seed treatment for the crops included in 2.3 Study of organic manures
the syllabus. 2.4 Green manuring
6. Study of meteorological equipments. 2.5 Vermicompost
7. Visit to a meteorological observatory. 2.6 Bio-fertilizers
8. Study of different types of weeds and 2.7 Organic farming
herbicides. 2.8 Chemical fertilizers
9. Practice of seed bed preparation. 2.9 Time and methods of application
10. Determination of physical purity of seed. 3. Irrigation and drainage
11. Visit to a seed processing plant and seed 3.1 Meaning of irrigation
testing laboratory. 3.2 Advantages and adverse effects
12. Methods of sowing for different crops. 3.3 Systems of irrigation
13. Collection and preparation of soil sample 3.4 Scheduling of irrigation
for analysis. 3.5 Meaning of drainage
14. Visit to a soil testing laboratory. 3.6 Importance of drainage
15. Demonstration of spraying of insecticides, 3.7 Causes of improper drainage and
pesticides and herbicides. remedies
16. Study of cropping schemes. 4. Cropping systems
Project work 4.1 Meaning
Note : Students may be given choice to do 4.2 Study of different cropping systems
any one of the project work listed 5. Plant breeding
below. 5.1 Introduction to plant breeding
1. Collection of weeds and preparing an 5.2 Objectives
album with brief information. 5.3 Activities in plant breeding
2. Collection of seeds and preparing an album 5.4 Modes of reproduction
with brief information. 6. Seed production technology
6.1 Principles of seed production
3. Collection of samples of different soils
6.2 Seed act
with brief information.
6.3 Hybrid seed production of jowar
4. Preparation of any one model of tillage
6.4 Hybrid seed production of cotton
implements.
7. Study of field crops
Std. XII : Theory
7.1 Cash crops : Cotton and sugarcane
1. Plant nutrition
7.2 Cereals and oilseeds : Paddy, wheat,
1.1 Essential elements
1.2 Classification soybean and groundnut
1.3 Functions 7.3 Fodder crops : Lucerne, berseem,
1.4 Deficiency symptoms jowar, maize

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8. Fundamentals of horticulture Practicals : Std. XII
8.1 Scope, importance and limitations of 1. Study of various systems of irrigation.
fruit growing in India 2. Study of calculation of theoretical seedrate
8.2 Importance of fruits in human diet required for different crops.
8.3 Planning of fruit orchard 3. Calculations regarding plant population.
8.4 Special horticultural practices 4. Study of calculation of doses of fertilizers
9. Cultivation of horticultural crops for different crops.
9.1 Cultivation of fruit crops : Mango, 5. Raising of seedlings of flowers and fruits.
grape, banana, santra, pomegranate 6. Practice of filling containers for pot culture.
9.2 Cultivation of fruit crops (in brief) : 7. Preparation of crop-cafeteria and practice
Ber, guava, custard apple, chikoo, of sowing, planting, transplanting,
coconut, cashewnut and papaya interculturing and harvesting.
9.3 Cultivation of flower crops : Rose, 8. Practice of training and pruning.
tuberose, marigold, chrysanthemum 9. Study of asexual methods of propagation
10. Fruit preservation viz. cutting, layering, budding and grafting.
10.1 Principles 10. Study of methods of fertilizer application.
10.2 Methods of preservation 11. Seedbed preparation for different crops
10.3 Preparation of preserved products included in syllabus.
viz. jam, jelly and pickles. 12. Visit to a tissue culture laboratory.
11. Advanced technologies in agriculture 13. Visit to a nursery and polyhouse.
11.1 Scope and importance of bio- 14. Emasculation and pollination in cotton.
technology 15. Preparation of extension teaching aids.
11.2 Plant tissue culture Project work
11.3 Genetic manipulation technique Note : Students may be given choice to do any
11.4 Polyhouse culture one of the project work listed below.
11.5 Farm mechanization 1. Collection of manure and fertilizer samples
12. Agricultural extension and preparing an album with brief
12.1 Meaning description.
12.2 Objectives 2. Collection of pest samples along with brief
12.3 Formal and extension education information regarding its name, nature of
12.4 Extension teaching methods damage and control measures.
12.5 Teaching aids 3. Collection of disease samples along with
12.6 New communication technologies brief information regarding its name,
symptoms and control measures.
4. Collection of samples regarding visual aids
used in extension teaching.