GATE 2026 Syllabus for TF

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TF Textile Engineering and Fibre Science

ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS
Linear Algebra: Matrices and Determinants; Systems of linear equations; Eigen values and
Eigen vectors.
Calculus: Limit, continuity and differentiability; Successive differentiation; Partial
differentiation; Maxima and minima; Errors and approximations; Definite and improper
integrals; Sequences and series; Test for convergence; Power series; Taylor series.
Differential Equations: First order linear and non-linear differential equations; Higher order
linear differential equations with constant coefficients; Euler-Cauchy equation; Partial
differential equations; Wave and heat equations; Laplace’s equation.
Probability and Statistics: Random variables; Poisson, binomial and normal distributions;
Mean, mode, median, standard deviation; Confidence interval; Test of hypothesis;
Correlation analysis; Regression analysis; Analysis of variance; Control charts.
Numerical Methods: Numerical solutions of linear and non-linear algebraic equations;
Numerical integration by trapezoidal and Simpson’s rules; Single-step and multi-step
numerical methods for differential equations.
TEXTILE ENGINEERING AND FIBRE SCIENCE
Section 1: Textile Fibres
Classification of textile fibres; Essential requirements of fibre forming polymers; Gross and
fine structures of natural fibres like cotton, wool, silk; Introduction to bast fibres; Properties
and uses of natural and man-made fibres including carbon, aramid and ultra-high molecular
weight polyethylene fibres; Physical and chemical methods of fibre and blend identification
and blend analysis.
Molecular architecture, amorphous and crystalline phases, glass transition, plasticization,
crystallization, melting, factors affecting Tg and Tm; Polymerization of nylon-6, nylon-66,
poly (ethylene terephthalate), polyacrylonitrile and polypropylene; Melt spinning processes
for PET, polyamide and polypropylene; Preparation of spinning dope; Principles of wet
spinning, dry spinning, dry-jet-wet spinning and gel spinning; Spinning of acrylic, viscose and
other regenerated cellulosic fibres such as polynosic and lyocell; Post spinning operations
such as drawing, heat setting, tow-to-top conversion; Spin finish composition and
applications; Different texturing methods.
Methods of investigating fibre structure such as density, x-ray diffraction, birefringence,
optical and electron microscopy such as SEM and TEM, I.R. spectroscopy, thermal methods
such as DSC, DMA, TMA and TGA; Structure and morphology of man-made fibres;
Mechanical properties of fibres; Moisture sorption of fibres; Fibre structure-property
correlation.
Section 2: Yarn Manufacture, Yarn Structure and Properties
Principles of ginning; Principles of opening, cleaning and blending; Working principles of
modern blow room machines; Fundamentals of carding; Conventional vs. modern carding
machine; Card setting; Card clothing; Periodic mass variation in card sliver; Card auto
leveller; Principles of roller drawing; Roller arrangements in drafting systems; Periodic mass

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variation in drawn sliver; Draw frame auto leveller; Principles of cotton combing; Combing
cycle and mechanisms; Recent developments in combing machine; Principles of drafting,
twisting, and bobbin building in roving formation; Modern developments in roving machine;
Principles of drafting, twisting and cop building in ring spinning; Causes of end breakages;
Modern developments in ring spinning machine; Working principles of ring doubler and two-
for-one twister; Relationship between single yarn twist and folded yarn twist; Principles of
compact, rotor, air-jet, air-vortex, friction, core, wrap and twist-less spinning processes.
Influence of fibre geometry, fibre configuration and fibre orientation in yarn; Fibre packing
density of yarn; Yarn diameter; Yarn twist and its relation to yarn strength; Helical
arrangement of fibres in yarns; Yarn contraction; Fibre migration in yarns; Stress-strain
relation in yarn; Mass irregularity of yarn; Structure-property relationship in ring, compact,
rotor, air-jet and friction spun yarns.
Section 3: Fabric Manufacture, Structure and Properties
Principles of winding processes; Classification of winding methods; Patterning mechanism;
Yarn clearers and tensioners; Different systems of yarn splicing; Warping objectives and
classification; Different types of warping creels; Features of beam and sectional warping
machines; Different sizing systems; Sizing of spun and filament yarns;Drawing-in process;
Principles of pirn winding.
Primary and secondary motions of loom; Shedding motion; Positive and negative shedding
mechanisms; Type of sheds; Tappet, dobby and jacquard shedding; Weft insertion;
Mechanics of weft insertion with shuttle; Shuttle picking and checking; Beat-up; Kinematics
of sley; Loom timing diagram; Cam designing; Effect of sley setting and cam profile on fabric
formation; Take- up and Let-off motions; Warp and weft stop motions; Warp protection; Weft
replenishment; Principles of weft insertion systems of shuttle-less weaving machines such
as projectile, rapier, water-jet and air-jet; Principles of functioning of multiphase and
circular looms; Types of selvedges.
Basic woven fabric constructions and their derivatives; Crepe, cord, terry, gauze, leno
and double cloth constructions; Drawing and lifting plans.
Fundamentals of weft knitting; Classification of weft knitting technologies; Weft knitted
constructions such as plain, rib, interlock and purl; Different knit stitches such as loop, tuck
and float. Principle of warp knitting; Classification of warp knitting technologies; Swinging
and shogging motion of guide bar; Basic warp knit construction such as pillar, tricot,
atlas, inlay and nets.Fibre preparation processes for nonwovens; Web formation and
bonding processes;Spun-bonding and melt-blowing technologies; Applications of
nonwoven fabrics.
Principles of braiding; Type of braids; Maypole braiding technology. Peirce’s equations for
plain woven fabric geometry; Elastic a model of plain-woven fabric; Thickness, cover and
maximum set of woven fabrics; Geometry of plain weft knitted loop; Munden’s constants
and tightness factor for plain weft knitted fabrics; Geometry of tubular braids.
Section 4: Textile Testing
Sampling techniques for fibres, yarns and fabrics; Sample size and sampling errors.
Moisture in textiles; Fibre length, fineness, crimp, maturity and trash content; Tensile testing
of fibres; High volume fibre testing.

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Linear density of sliver, roving and yarn; Twist and hairiness of yarn; Tensile testing of yarns;
Evenness testing; Fault measurement and analysis of yarns.
Fabric thickness, compressibility, stiffness, shear, drape, crease recovery, tear strength,
bursting strength, pilling and abrasion resistance; Tensile testing of fabrics; Objective
evaluation of low stress mechanical characteristics; Air permeability; Wetting and wicking;
Water-vapour transmission through fabrics; Thermal resistance of fabrics.
Section 5: Chemical Processing
Impurities in natural fibre; Singeing; Chemistry and practice of preparatory processes for
cotton; Preparatory processing of wool and silk; Mercerization of cotton; Preparatory
processes for manmade fibres and their blends; Optical brightening agent.
Classification of dyes; Dyeing of cotton, wool, silk, polyester, nylon and acrylic with
appropriate classes of dyes; Dyeing of polyester/cotton and polyester/wool blends; Dyeing
machines; Dyeing processes and machines for cotton knitted fabrics; Dye-fibre interaction;
Introduction to thermodynamics and kinetics of dyeing; Brief idea about the relation
between colour and chemical constitution; Beer-Lambert’s law; Kubelka-Munk theory and
its application in colour measurement; Methods for determination of wash, light and rubbing
fastness.
Methods of printing such as roller printing and screen printing; Preparation of printing paste;
Various types of thickeners; Printing auxiliaries; Direct styles of printing of (i) cotton with
reactive dyes, (ii) wool, silk, nylon with acid and metal complex dyes, (iii) polyester with
disperse dyes; Resist and discharge printing of cotton, silk and polyester; Pigment printing;
Transfer printing of polyester; Inkjet printing; Printing faults.
Mechanical finishing of cotton; Stiff, soft, wrinkle resistant, water repellent, flame retardant
and enzyme (bio-polishing) finishing of cotton; Milling, decatizing and shrink resistant
finishing of wool; Antistatic and soil release finishing; Heat setting of synthetic fabrics;
Minimum application techniques. Pollution control and treatment of effluents.