NCERT Book Class 12 Geography (India People And Economy) Chapter 6 Planning and Sustainable Development in Indian Context

The word ‘planning’ is not new to you as it is
Unit III a part of everyday usage. You must have used
Chapter 6 it with reference to preparation for your
examination or visit to a hill station. It involves
the process of thinking, formulation of a
scheme or programme and implementation of
a set of actions to achieve some goal. Though
it is a very broad term, in this chapter, it has
been used with reference to the process of
economic development. It is, thus different
from the traditional hit-and-miss methods by

PLANNING AND On 1 January 2015, the NITI Aayog was
formed. India adopted centralised planning
SUSTAINABLE after Independence, but subsequently, it
graduated into decentralised multi-level
DEVELOPMENT IN planning. The responsibility of plan formulation
was with the Planning Comminssion at the

INDIAN CONTEXT Centre, State and district levels. But on 1
January 2015, the Planning Commision was
replaced by the NITI Aayog.

NITI Aayog has been set up with the objective
of involving the states in economic policy
making for India for providing strategic and
technical advice to the Central and State
governments.

which reforms and reconstruction are often
undertaken. Generally, there are two
approaches to planning, i.e., sectoral planning
and regional planning. Sectoral planning
means formulation and implementation of the
sets of schemes or programmes aimed at
development of various sectors of the
economy, such as agriculture, irrigation,
manufacturing, power, c o n s t r u c t i o n ,
transport, communication, social
infrastructure and services.
There is no uniform economic development
over space in any country. Some areas are more
developed and some lag behind. This uneven
pattern of development over space necessitates
that the planners have a spatial perspective
and draw the plans to reduce regional
imbalance in development. This type of
planning is termed as regional planning.