NCERT Book Class 8 Social Science (Geography) Chapter 4 Industries

4 Industries
Industries

Have you ever given a thought to the fact that the note
book you use for writing has come to you after a long
process of manufacturing. It started its life as part of a
tree. It was cut down and transported to the pulp mill.
There the wood of the tree was processed and converted
into wood pulp. The wood pulp was mixed with chemicals
and finally changed into paper by machines. This paper
found its way to the press where ink made from chemicals
was used to print the lines on the pages. The pages were
then bound in the form of a note book, packed and sent to
the market for sale. Finally, it reached your hands.
Secondary activities or manufacturing change
Journey begins...
raw materials into products of more value to people. As
you have seen pulp was changed into paper and paper
into a note book. These represent the two stages of the
manufacturing process.
The paper made from pulp and cloth made from
...paper made... cotton have had value added to them at each stage of the
...recycle... manufacturing process. In this way the finished product
has more value and utility than the raw material that it
is made from.
Industry refers to an economic activity that is
Activity concerned with production of goods, extraction of
Trace the journey minerals or the provision of services. Thus we have iron
of your shirt from and steel industry (production of goods), coal mining
a cotton field to industry (extraction of coal) and tourism industry
your wardrobe. (service provider).

Classification of Industries
Industries can be classified on the basis of raw materials,
size and ownership.