Uttarakhand Board Class 12 Question Paper 2026 For Biology Theory

FOR UTTARAKHAND CLASS 12 PREPARATION

Uttarakhand Board
Class 12 Question
Paper 2026 For Biology
Theory
EXAM YEAR TYPE SUBJECT

Uttarakhand Class 12 2026 Question Paper Biology

Notes · Sample Papers · Previous Year Papers · Mock Tests

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a No. of printed pages : 8
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Roll No.
131 431 (IRV)
2026
dha R gIFT
BIOLOGY m
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Time : 3 Hours ] . [ Max. Marks : 70se
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Directionsla: There are in all 26 questions in this question paper. All questions
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a compulsory .

(ii) qF#gqf:mffta3i8nb wga3inmgl
Marks allotted to the questions are mentioned against them.
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Read each question carefully and answer to the point.
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Question No. 1 is multiple choice question. Four options are given
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in answer of each part of this question. Write correct option in your
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answer book. Question No. 2 to 5 are definite answer type questions.
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Each part of Question No. 1 carries one mark. Question No. 2 to 5
are of one mark each. Question No. 6 to 15 are of two marks each.
Question No. 16 to 23 are of three marks each. Question No. 24 to
26 are of four marks each, in which Question No. 26 is Case/Source m
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There is no overall choice in this question paper,
a choice has been provided in few questions. Attempt only one of the
given choices in such questions.

[1] [P.T.0.

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1. (a) EB gut qTW + wfvIta TMtHPlfBafHagT©laqaT g-
Fun( tional megaspore in a flowering plant develops into-
(i) WO' (ii) dais
Endosperrn Ovule
(iii) quTd#q (iv) W
Embryo sac Embryo
(a) qfBaT3+ + 311({dad) fmI 6rHhq1 BTn FBifia 6taT g?
The menstrual cycle in females is reguiated by which hormones?
(i) %tmd yWqgTHfH
Estrogen and Progesterone hormones
(ii) Wa-aW FT;fh (% in in) Id d3feqTsfMT 6Bjq (in in)
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing hormone (LH)
(iii) BlfaTTSfM HiFI (tna) Ed tHTetRH
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and Testosterone
(iV) aaREnId 3ifMetBFI
Prolactin and Oxytocin
(Tr) efaw #fH at fT)n e@1HT {w ;w (laqjaTW) n]gTa 3:1 g? 1

Which generation of Mendalian Cross has a phenotypic ratio of 3: 1?
(i) Fa (ii)
(iii) F2 (iv) F3
(U) nuGlfagd + + Hq-yr 'd- Mi &gliNT’ ®T trwr qd g?
Which of the foliowinq is not a stage in the ’Hershey-Chase experiment'?
(i) T©JIIUT (ii) VW \J
Infection Conjuqation
(iii) 3iTrawi (iV) 3Ft6wr
Blending Centrifugation
(S) gIT (daw) # lala qf81 ait (tktdfgt), sit qaara faq at ?bit + rm na +, e- 1
Antibody present in Colostrum that protect the newborn baby from disease
IS-
(i) IgA (ii) IgG
(iii) IgD (iv) IgE
(T) ahftlfaar©r gEnT whTf©©dhrT$b3quFbfat! faa TErra? 1

Gene therapy was first used to treat which of the disease?
(i) &WT (ii) IEsTI
Cancer AIDS
(iii) (iv) est eat nHI MBm+bfal!
Cystic fibrosis To overcome the deficiency of
ADA
431 (IRV) [2]

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a decomposition?
How many steps are there in the process of
(i) 10 (ii) 2
(iii) 8 (iV) 5
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[ What is the impact on the biodiversity of indigenous species when alien
species are introduced into an area, either unintentionally or deliberately
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They turn invasive and cause an increase in species.
(iv) &31T©nl©daT893tlWFitaaTfaai8Htanafaqfu@rnrwragaT&gI
They turn invasive and cause the decline or extinction of indigenous
specIes.
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In next two parts of Question No.-1, there are two statements labelled
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(iii) and (iv), select their correct answer.
(i) (A) an (R) +it wIg nrT (R), (A) and ann WaTgl
Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(ii) (A) an (R) ## MIg qu (R), (A) at Mt aT@and araT81
Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(iii) (A) Hag qq (R) mail
(A) is correct but (R) is incorrect.
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Assertion (A): Marijuana and Hashish are clinically used as analgesic.
Reason (R) : Both these drugs suppress brain's functionalitY.
431 (IRV) [3] [P.T.0.

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(A) afh©2m (A) : gas#€1ftr©tbttd+31dfh©aqq3rftm%@gI
aIm (R) : 3rdftInaqqsWTaaFraIdatRPm ware. mfadftr©aqq
fif8UaT3+aHlqfa&aTgl
Assertion (A): Asexual reproduction is more important with regard to
biotechnology.
Reason (R) i Asexual reproduction preserves the genetic information
while sexual reproduction permits variations.
2. sw aqqd3n€tq8faw qm+3MradaT g?
In which part of the body is the male reproductive system located?
3. a©wrTatwqqwi itMTsq) gTatad an+©wr&©xrq3imqt agntad& wr+nar
faqaraig,a3w +©wrq#@l©Harar }? 1

What is the cross called, when a dominant phenotype plant is crossed with the
recessive parent plant instead of self-crossing?
4. 'Mw aa' + ag Ba da da g?
Why are there large holes in 'Swiss Cheese'?
5. un w©N©l#iar+q6qat msl+€rTq Wt aBf©t8uTf:r©aTauaq+ant &fat!
at w dtd&nfBaw astm b +dU+f:HfqaaT }? 1

Which organisation of Indian Government make decisions regarding the validity
of GM research and the safety of introducing GM organisms for public services?
6. VH qWitSTqaStat Eq #8-#gaqfrlm quTMd &aaqTqtfaa3rTMa©6TqaT +
Hq9T6dl 2

Explain the 8-nucleate mature embryo sac of a typical angiospermic flower with
the help of a labelled diagram only.
7. ?@W!+qT$Zt#ff3W (qg©DTaTd)bwrmd©Td©r 3MafalII 2

Mention the location and function of mitochondria in sperm.
'maTH 3BTTffa (aa5ivHa Uhhf+ZIT) EM TTqf f:T6Era5 faftl II' WTb nq2hr # aN a MrtuT
fafjgtll 2

'Lactational amenorrhea is a contraceptive method'. Write any two reasons in
support of this.
431 (IRV) [4]

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Write the genotype of- a
(a) a©afm:dan-Mbar3HnarabinFaTgagaf@iwwsq+3uwfia}I 1

An individual who is carrier of Sickle-cell anaemia gene but apparently
unaffected .
( a) u®b+aifm a ara-af+Tar 3Hmar (fIIam +a u4Rlql) +T+5nafaa g1 . 1

An individual who is affected with Sickle-cell anaemia disease.
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(a) 3rf3a newi ©rdaTjw (ii) %i+dar83tIHba+©Ralaqd+ (ac)
Inheritance of acquired Dark winged and white winged
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characters moths
(TT) 3jwl dIana (iii) aTM gTfhT

Analogous Structures Charles Darwin
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Industrial Melanism
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11. af@nuf+N8®tftw qaaaqT++qa©r+#3rfafqm@T+fauf©©mFnm€rq© g?
a{aHmfafjglII ag
How is lactic acid bacteria (LAB) beneficial to us other than helping in curding
the milk? Write any two benefits.
mar/ OR
nuGlfbd + + ;laa &w :grIM al sMu afal!- lx2=2
Mention one use of each of the following-
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What do 'Eco', 'R' and 'I' represent in enzyme EcoRI?
431 (IRV) 15] [P.T.0.

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13. ghFw©a+im8qe dang baqa wmI mrw3#I$MrqMn$gaY ljMfafinl
2

Write the role of UV light and ethidium bromide during gel electrophoresis of
DNA fragments.
14. ©TTIal 3#t©TIII mt b©TZffafinl 2
Write the functions of Cry 1 Ab and Cry II Ab.
15. 3rqacqar qt@rwIraq+TTqfl-
What will be the effect on decomposition rate if-
(a) 3nu.faPm3$taT$fa+qVjtdaTgl
Detritus is rich in lignin and chitin.
(a) 3BKa,qT$$hq3#ta6n eNVIT BIRT gI
Detritus is rich in nitrogen and sugars.
a21RI/ OR
m-WiT+ ( S+stR) :Iht aT@ WT+ (am-nIK) +tw-r + af a 3tar fafjgt1 1 2
Write any two differences between in-situ and ex-situ conservation.
16. qwTqTqaf9T©i+uaqfwmqwrwrf©wmNf8©f+iadaTg?qTqtfaa3rTt@tanfifim
31aWIT3it d WTfgdl 3

How does a mature pollen grain develop from a pollen mother cell? Show the
various stages with labelled diagram.
HeRr / OR
“ua f:Iifh 3is qfwr b fa©Tn nr @l©r gI ” ©rwr ©tfatII
"A fertilized egg is the blueprint of future development." Explain.
17. m3dfna3rurwbfae$tMmT Wtfva (%nqwa)©r mw sq + nOT @ifnw
dl(II g? 3

Why is Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) used extensively for genetic study?
18. 7©3w! at STldfW©qaTg &vq+©Tda?w6ar g,a6f©rqFwad3raw wt ainT
g? 3

A molecule that can act as a genetic material must fulfill what criteria?
19. (a) f:HjgwmTRafi?abf©avrTr+wT err?
In which part of the world, the Neanderthal Man lived?
( a) Reg<uct mga b +Indy) at &l+Idl mr gjt?
What was the brain capacity of Neanderthal Man?
(T) fqewum qm+#®m©at gan$:a3qfhfagTf3w©r 38@afBitII 1

Mention the advancement which Neanderthal Man showed over Homo
erectus.
431 (IRV) [6]

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Draw a well labelled diagram of an antibody molecule and describe it briefly.
21 . u@iR3fmux3itI wgtR3fmux+a{ah3+atfafjgtII 3

Write any three differences between exonuclease and endonuclease.
mar/OR
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Many people are apprehensive of accepting Genetically Modified (GM) Crops.
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t? qi& WR (5heTT) Ht ©rwr©tfatII 3

\Vhat are the basic processes that cause population density to fluctuate in a
given habitat over a given period of time? Explain each process.
23. 31©tvikrqwrar+3rrq mr alea g?WT©f2d€jtq3#rqitMi ©gtb©tUfifiUaTbtM8a
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What do you understand by latitudinal gradient? What could be the possible

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24.
s view ofseminiferous tubule of human.
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(a) qm3+qFaqqqf@rTarwh®tfwl ag 2
Describe the spermatogenesis process in human.
wm / OR
mr g? qB f©i lteit + daT g? f6FlqIn & wan a+ aTR qfta#it ar wh
4

What is double fertilisation? in which plants does it occur? Describe the changes
that occur after double fertilisation.
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&#5,it StUN aB +mTr ©t a{ vr< fa$geTa fafRglII 4

Write any four saiient features of the double helix structure of DNA.
431 (IRV) [7] [P.T.0.

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26. RuBInd 31l& ai aIF$3$ qf@ @rl nIh HR fall Tre grjt # 381 fafjgl!-
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below-
qfhf©rqTHed wga$@$-aa©te©a©a$tqnaf:ragtatgl$aag-maryla
ucaq!©©rqHq3}1$H@gaaaafh qa (HtM) $tBg&glw+©dhB'Wif
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g+ qa, SH++q$$f8ufifaqa f©qTara©arglf8qi3hi+q$aTfRaqa©rwuHaTfh
,iattZh+%qTaTaTgdTfa,a6qqwTjpaarElqgwuEa vwtt+wqqf©wamgl
gTaSla, 3qQR + aTf6d qm + tia-ag wi a qtfR© aq + gcr fa=IT afar g, aaf© faabl©
3quF+y121Rld)afi:vnda§aTqMZat ++TSTnaTaTgaw W+aTq8T=hfaqaTaT
g1 5fT+ dlqdlqd) aTqPq q@Taf8zi a ma Hgrm gta 3-fa (mrm) b sq i 6ti WFat gl
Large quantities of waste-water is generated everyday in cities and towns.
A major component of this waste water is human excreta. This waste water is
also called sewage. It contains large amounts of organic matter and microbes,
many of which are pathogenic. This can not be directly discharged into natural
water bodies like rivers and streams. Before disposal hence sewage is treated
in sewage treatment plants to make it less polluting. This treatment is carried
out in two stages. In primary treatment, small and large particles are physically
removed from sewage whereas in secondary treatment the primary effluent is t
passed into large aeration tanks and air is pumped into it. This allows vigorous
growth of useful aerobic microbes into flocs.
(B) aTfia Ta (lit&>3qTR@t3TgYaH+?
Why is sewage treatment necessary?
( a) qNrfir©3#rfaakraaTfgaqm (HtM) 3q©F+ mr 3ing? 1

What is the difference between primary and secondary treatment of sewage?
(Tr) ’'wb (mrm)” @rg3irnlaml Id=Img? 1

What is 'Flocs' and what is their role?
(u) qTeifil©3qUN+aTf6aqm (dIam)+tit-ai@tt&qfi© ©q+f©©fafb + Fern
dl(II g? 1

By which method, small and large partictes are physically removed from
sewage in primary treatment?
#####

431 (IRV) [8]

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