NCERT Book Class 7 Social Science (Exploring Society India and Beyond Part-I) Chapter 4 New Beginnings: Cities and States
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NCERT Book Class 7 Social Science (Exploring Society India and Beyond Part-I) Chapter 4 New Beginnings: Cities and States – Text
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Page 1
CHAPTER
New Beginnings:
Cities and States
The kingdom shall be protected by fortifying the capital and the towns
at the frontiers. The land should not only be capable of sustaining the
population but also outsiders in times of calamities. ... It should be
beautiful, being endowed with cultivable land, mines, timber forests,
elephant forests, and good pastures rich in cattle. It should not depend
[only on] rain for water. It should have good roads and waterways. It
should have a productive economy, with a wide variety of commodities ….
– Kauṭilya, Arthaśhāstra
Fig. 4.1. Ruins of a major structure at Rājagṛiha (modern-day Rajgir
in Bihar), when it was the capital of the Magadha mahājanapada.
1. What is meant by ‘Second
The Big Urbanisation of India’?
Questions 2. Why were the janapadas and
mahājanapadas an important
development in India’s early
history?
3. What kind of system of
governance did they evolve?
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Document Details
| Board / Org | NCERT |
| Exam | Class 7 |
| Type | Books |
| Pages | 16 |
| Language | english |
| Updated | 24 Sep 2026 |