NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Geography (India : Physical Environment) Chapter 6 Natural Hazards and Disasters

NCERT
SOLUTIONS
CLASS - 11th

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Book : India : Physical Environment Ncert Solutions | Chapter - 7 Social Science Geography

Class : 11th

Subject : Geography

Chapter : 7

Chapter Name : Natural Hazards and Disasters

Q1 Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below.

(i) Which one of the following states of India experiences floods frequently?

(a) Bihar

(b) West Bengal

(c) Assam

(d) Uttar Pradesh

(ii) In which one of the following districts of Uttaranchal did Malpa Landslide disaster take place?

(a) Bageshwar

(b) Champawat

(c) Almora

(d) Pithoragarh

(iii) Which one of the following states receives floods in the winter months?

(a) Assam

(b) West Bengal

(c) Kerala

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Book : India : Physical Environment Ncert Solutions | Chapter - 7 Social Science Geography

(d) Tamil Nadu

(iv) In which of the following rivers is the Majuli River Island situated?

(a) Ganga

(b) Brahmaputra

(c) Godavari

(d) Indus

(v) Under which type of natural hazards do blizzards come?

(a) Atmospheric

(b) Aquatic

(c) Terrestrial

(d) Biological

(i) (c) Assam

(ii) (d) Pithoragarh

(iii) (d) Tamil Nadu

(iv) (b) Brahmaputra

(v) (a) Atmospheric

Q2 Answer the following questions in less than 30 words.

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Book : India : Physical Environment Ncert Solutions | Chapter - 7 Social Science Geography

(i) When can a hazard become a disaster?

(ii) Why are there more earthquakes in the Himalayas and in the north-eastern region of India?

(iii) What are the basic requirements for the formation of a cyclone?

(iv) How are the floods in Eastern India different from the ones in Western India?

(v) Why are there more droughts in Central and Western India?

(i) Once a hazard gets active, it takes the form of a natural disaster. It can cause loss of life and
property on a large scale.

(ii) Currently the Indian plate is moving towards north and northeast direction at the rate of 1 cm
per year. The Eurasian plate is constantly obstructing these plates’ movement. Due to this, at
different points of time the energy is being accumulated. It results in building of stress that
breaks up the lock and energy is released suddenly. It leads to earthquakes. Due to this, there
are more earthquakes in Himalayas and north-east regions.

(iii) These requirements are:

● Continuous supply of warm and moist air in excess amount that releases latent heat in
enormous amount.
● Strong Coriolis Force due to which filling of low pressure at the centre point is prevented.
● Unstable condition in troposphere causes local disturbances due to which cyclone forms.

(iv) Eastern India experiences more flood as compared to Western India because of high rainfall
in the former region. The floods of Eastern India are known to create more damages to life and
property.

(v) The intensity of monsoon winds gets weaker as they reach areas of Central and West India.
Due to this reason there are more droughts in these areas.

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Book : India : Physical Environment Ncert Solutions | Chapter - 7 Social Science Geography

Q3 Answer the following questions in not more than 125 words.

(i) Identify the Landslide-prone regions of India and suggest some measures to mitigate the
disasters caused by these.

(ii) What is vulnerability? Divide India into natural disaster vulnerability zones based on droughts
and suggest some mitigation measures.

(iii) When can developmental activities become the cause of disasters?

(i) The landslide prone regions of India are:

● Rain shadow areas in East and Western Ghats and Deccan Plateau.
● Trans-Himalayan regions such as Ladakh
● Young mountains of Himalayas and Andaman & Nicobar area
● North-east India
● Low precipitation areas of Aravali
● Landslides because of mining in states such as Jharkhand, Andhra Pradesh, etc.

Some measures to mitigate these disasters:

● Restriction on development activities such as construction in valley areas
● Development of large settlements in high vulnerability zones should be restricted.
● Encouragement of terrace farming in North-East regions

(ii) The risk of becoming a victim of a disaster is called vulnerability. India is divided into
following regions on the basis of severity of droughts:

● Extremely Drought Affected Areas: Several parts of Rajasthan, especially those to east
of Aravali hills including Thar desert and Great Runn of Kutchh. Few regions such as
Jaisalmer receive less that 9 cm of rainfall per year.

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Book : India : Physical Environment Ncert Solutions | Chapter - 7 Social Science Geography

● Severe drought prone Areas: Parts of Madhya Pradesh, east Rajasthan, interior areas of
Karnataka & Andhra Pradesh, south Jharkhand and interior Odisha areas.
● Moderate Drought affected areas: North Rajasthan, Haryana, Maharashtra, Tamilnadu

Few mitigation measures for drought:

● Ground water should be identified in the form of aquifers.
● Excess water of river could be transferred to drought prone areas.
● Satellite images and remote sensing could be used to identify the river basins that can
be linked.

(iii) Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster, release of harmful gases such as Chlorofluorocarbons, Bhopal
Gas Tragedy, greenhouse effect, etc.are few of the examples when development activities
caused by humans becomes cause of disasters.

Activities such as deforestation, mining, unscientific use of lands, etc. intensify disasters such as
landslides or floods directly. Over the years, there has been an increase in man-made disasters.
We need serious efforts to minimise the damages to life and property.

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