NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Geography (Fundamental of physical geography) Chapter 1 Geography as a Discipline

NCERT
SOLUTIONS
CLASS - 11th

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Book : Fundamental of Physical Geography Ncert Solutions | Chapter - 1 Social Science Geography

Class : 11th

Subject : Geography

Chapter : 1

Chapter Name : Geography as a Discipline

Q1 Multiple choice questions.

(i) Which one of the following scholars coined the term ‘Geography’?

(a) Herodotus

(b) Erathosthenese

(c) Galileo

(d) Aristotle

(ii) Which one of the following features can be termed as ‘physical feature’?

(a) Port

(b) Road

(c) Plain

(d) Water park

(iii) Make correct pairs from the following two columns and mark the correct option.

1. Meteorology A. Population Geography

2. Demography B. Soil Geography

3. Sociology C. Climatology

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4. Pedology D. Social Geography

(a) 1B,2C,3A,4D

(b) 1A,2D,3B,4C

(c) 1D,2B,3C,4A

(d) 1C,2A,3D,4B

(iv) Which one of the following questions is related to cause-effect relationship?

(a) Why

(b) Where

(c) What

(d) When

(v) Which one of the following disciplines attempts temporal synthesis?

(a) Sociology

(b) Geography

(c) Anthropology

(d) History

(i) (b) Erathosthenese

(ii) (c) Plain

(iii) (d) 1C, 2A, 3D, 4B

(iv) (a) Why

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Book : Fundamental of Physical Geography Ncert Solutions | Chapter - 1 Social Science Geography

(v) (d) History

Page : 10 , Block Name : Multiple Choice Questions

Q2 Answer the following questions in about 30 words.

(i) What important cultural features do you observe while going to school? Are they similar or
dissimilar? Should they be included in the study of geography or not? If yes, why?

(ii) You have seen a tennis ball, a cricket ball, an orange and a pumpkin. Which one amongst
these resembles the shape of the earth? Why have you chosen this particular item to describe
the shape of the earth?

(iii) Do you celebrate Van Mahotsava in your school? Why do we plant so many trees? How do
the trees maintain ecological balance?

(iv) You have seen elephants, deer, earthworms, trees and grasses. Where do they live or
grow? What is the Name given to this sphere? Can you describe some of the important features
of this sphere?

(v) How much time do you take to reach your school from your house? Had the school been
located across the road from your house, how much time would you have taken to reach
school? What is the effect of the distance between your residence and the school on the time
taken in commuting? Can you convert time into space and vice versa?

(i)- While going to school we observe cultural features like roads, parks, hospitals, temples and
markets. These features are dissimilar.

Yes, they should be included in the study of geography as they are an important part of human
geography and variations in these can make us understand the relationship between the
physical environment and social /cultural features.

(ii) Earth is not a sphere like a cricket ball or a tennis ball. The shape of Earth is geoid and
resembles the shape of orange i.e. a sphere but wider at the equator. The shape of a pumpkin
however is flatter at the ends and wider in the middle than the shape of the Earth.

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(iii) Yes we celebrate Van Mahotsava in our school. We plant trees because the use of planting
trees are manyfold for example they provide us with oxygen, food, paper, wood, rubber etc,
they prevent soil erosion and clean air.

Trees maintain ecological balance by taking in carbon dioxide and giving out oxygen.

(iv) Elephants, deer, earthworms, trees and grasses live in the biosphere of Earth which
contains all the life forms including human beings, micro-organisms and their sustaining
mechanism.

Features of biosphere-

→ ​It is a layer consisting of air, water and land forming the ecosystem for living organisms.

→ ​It consists of various sustaining mechanisms for all the processes viz. food chain, ecological
parameters and ecological balances.

→ ​It is consists of three components i.e. Lithosphere, Hydrosphere and Atmosphere

(v) In total it takes me 40 mins to reach my school from my house. Had the school been located
across the road from my house it would take me approximately 5 minutes to reach my school.
The distance between my residence and school has taken a toll on my performance in school.
Since if I have to reach on time I have to increase my speed or choose a fast mode of
communication either way I feel tired during the school hours.

Yes I can convert time into space and vice versa.

Page : 11 , Block Name : Very Short Answer

Q3 Answer the following questions in about 150 words.

(i) You observe every day in your surroundings that there is variation in natural as well as
cultural phenomena. All the trees are not of the same variety. All the birds and animals you see,
are different. All these different elements are found on the earth. Can you now argue that
geography is the study of “areal differentiation”?

(ii) You have already studied geography, history, civics and economics as parts of social
studies. Attempt an integration of these disciplines highlighting their interface.

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(i) There exists variations over the surface of Earth in both its physical environment and cultural
environment. These variations can be both similar and dissimilar. However, geography is a
study covering more than just study of areal differentiation; it is also the study of associations
with the other factors which causes these variations.

Areal differentiation means that the surface of Earth may be divided into regions which can be
distinguished using various spatial criteria. Geography studies the patterns of distributions,
locations of these patterns and concentration of phenomena over space and interprets those
providing possible explanations for the same. It helps in understanding the associations and
inter- relationships between various phenomena arise due to the interaction between human
beings and their physical environment. Like in some parts of the earth we find deserts, some
places we find no vegetation at all but ice-sheets, some places we find evergreen forests
whereas some places have mangroves. In some parts of the earth we find polar bears whereas
in some parts we find a variety of different species. Hence, we can argue that geography is the
study of areal differentiation in contrast with other disciplines.

(ii) Each and every social science has a close interface with one branch of geography. Each and
every discipline studies different aspects of social reality. Here are a few integrations that would
help us highlighting their interfaces :

Geography and History- History views human experience from the perspective of time whereas
geography perceives it from the perspective of space. The emergence and evolution of cultural
features across the planet can be understood by the study of both together. The geography of a
country provided defence to many countries. Example USA being covered by water made it
difficult to invade the country. Thus the geography of a country has set the course for its history.
Similarly the changes in the physical environment have also followed a definite historical course.

Geography and Civic- The development of a country largely depends on the geography of the
country. Political outlook towards a country directly depends on the development of the country.
Political Science is mainly concerned with territory, people and sovereignty. Whereas a branch
of geography which is political geography focuses on the study of the state as a spatial unit and
focuses on the development of the state, its people and their political behaviour.

Geography and Economics- Economics is broadly based on the basic attributes of the
economy such as production, distribution, exchange and consumption. Economic geography is
the study of human’s economic activities under various sets of conditions which is associated
with production, location, distribution, exchange and consumption.

Page : 11 , Block Name : Long Answer

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