NCERT Book Class 7 Social Science (Exploring Society India and Beyond Part-II) Chapter 4 Turning Tides: 11th and 12th Centuries

4

CHAPTER
Turning Tides:
11th and 12th Centuries
It is the same India which has withstood the shocks of
centuries, of hundreds of foreign invasions, of hundreds
of upheavals of manners and customs. It is the same land
which stands firmer than any rock in the world, with its
undying vigour, indestructible life. Its life is of the same
nature as the soul, without beginning and without end,
immortal; and we are the children of such a country.
— Swami Vivekananda

Fig. 4.1. A bas-relief depicting soldiers and elephants preparing for war
(from Lakṣhmaṇa Temple, Khajuraho)

1. Why are the 11th and 12th
The Big centuries seen as a period of 4 – Turning Tides: 11th and 12th Centuries
Questions transition in Indian history?
2. Which new powers emerged
during this period? What
were the essential features of
Tapestry of the Past

their economic, military and
administrative systems?
3. What high accomplishments
in art, architecture, literature,
science, etc., do we come across 97
during this period?