Tamil Nadu 12th Std Model Question Paper Zoology

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No. of Printed Pages : 11
3287 (NS)
!3287NSZoology! £vÄ Gs
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PART - III
»[Q¯À / ZOOLOGY
( uªÌ ©ØÖ® B[Q» ÁÈ / Tamil & English Version )

Põ» AÍÄ : 3.00 ©o ÷|µ® ] [ ö©õzu ©v¨ö£sPÒ : 70
Time Allowed : 3.00 Hours ] [ Maximum Marks : 70

AÔÄøµPÒ : (1) AøÚzx ÂÚõUPЮ \›¯õP £vÁõQ EÒÍuõ GߣuøÚ
\›£õºzxU öPõÒÍÄ®. Aa_¨£vÂÀ SøÓ°¸¨¤ß AøÓ
PsPõo¨£õÍ›h® EhÚi¯õP öu›ÂUPÄ®.
(2) }»® AÀ»x P¸¨¦ ø©°øÚ ©mk÷© GÊxÁuØS®
AiU÷PõikÁuØS® £¯ß£kzu ÷Ásk®. £h[PÒ ÁøµÁuØS
ö£ß]À £¯ß£kzuÄ®.

Instructions : (1) Check the question paper for fairness of printing. If there is any lack of
fairness, inform the Hall Supervisor immediately.

(2) Use Blue or Black ink to write and underline and pencil to draw diagrams.

£Sv & I / PART - I
SÔ¨¦ : (i) AøÚzx ÂÚõUPÐUS® Âøh¯ÎUPÄ®. 15x1=15

(ii) öPõkUP¨£mkÒÍ ©õØÖ ÂøhPÎÀ ªPÄ® Hئøh¯ Âøhø¯z
÷uº¢öukzxU SÔ±mkhß Âøh°øÚ²® ÷\ºzx GÊuÄ®.
Note : (i) Answer all the questions.

(ii) Choose the most appropriate answer from the given four alternatives and
write the option code and the corresponding answer.

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3287 (NS) 2

1. CÍ® E°› PßÛ CÚ¨-ö£-¸U-P® |øh-ö£-Ö® E°-› :
(A) HL-¤ì (B) ÷uÜU-PÒ
(C) ö\õ-»-÷Úõ-¤-¯õ (D) ö©õ-ÊUS D
Paedogenetic Parthenogenesis occurs in :
(a) Aphis (b) Honey bees
(c) Solenobia (d) Gall fly

2. RÌU-Ps-h G¢u ©õ-u-Â-hõ´U ÷PõÍõÖ \›-¯õ-P¨ ö£õ-¸z-u¨-£m-kÒÍx ?
(A) B¼-÷Põ-ö©-÷Úõ-›-¯õ & Av-P¨-£-i-¯õÚ ©õ-u-Â-hõ´
(B) -ö©-÷Úõ-÷µõ-â-¯õ & Á¼-ª-S¢u ©õ-u-Â-hõ´
(C) Hö©-÷Úõ-›-¯õ & ©õ-u-Â-hõ´ CÀ-»õ-v-¸z-uÀ
(D) iì-ö©-÷Úõ-›-¯õ & JÊ[-PØÓ ©õ-u-Â-hõ´
Which of the following menstrual irregularities is correctly matched ?
(a) Oligomenorrhoea - Excessive menstruation
(b) Menorrhagia - Painful menstruation
(c) Amenorrhoea - Absence of menstruation
(d) Dysmenorrhoea - Irregularity of menstruation

3. R÷Ç öPõ-kU-P¨-£m-kÒÍ P¸-Â-P-ÎÀ Gx Áͺ-P-¸-Âß Cu-¯z-x-i¨¦ Ãu®
©Ø- Ö ® Pº¨- £ - P õ» CÖ- v - ° À |øh- ö £- Ö ® ö\¯À- P Ò ©Ø- Ö ® ¤µ- \ Á Á¼
÷£õß-Ó-ÁØ-øÓU Ps-h-Ô¯ Eu-Ä-QÓ-x ?
(A) P¸-Ps-Põ-o¨-¦U P¸-Â (B) EEG
(C) £ÛU-S-hz xøͨ¦ (D) CVS
Which one of the following technique is used to monitor the foetal heart rate and other
functions during late pregnancy and labour ?
(a) Foetoscope (b) EEG
(c) Amniocentesis (d) CVS

3 3287 (NS)

4. SÇ¢-øu-°ß Cµzu ÁøP O Gß-ÓõÀ, A Cµz-u ÁøP öPõs-h u¢-øu-²®
©Ø- Ö ® B Cµzu ÁøP öPõsh uõ- ² ® GÆ- Á - ø P- ¯ õÚ ©µ- ¦ ÁøP- ø ¯U
öPõs-i-¸¨-£õº ?
(A) IA IO ©Ø-Ö® IB IO (B) IA IA ©Ø-Ö® IB IO
(C) IO IO ©Ø-Ö® IB IB (D) IA IB ©Ø-Ö® IO IO
If the Child’s blood group is ‘O’, the father’s blood group is ‘A’ and the mother’s blood
group is ‘B’, the genotypes of the parents will be :

(a) IA IO and IB IO (b) IA IA and IB IO

(c) IO IO and IB IB (d) IA IB and IO IO

5. TØÖ (A) : XX - XO ÁøP £õÀ {º- n - ¯ ®, ‰møh §a- ] - P Ò, Pµ¨- £ õß
§a-]-PÒ ©Ø-Ö® öÁm-kU QÎ-P-ÎÀ Põ-n¨-£-k-Qß-Ó-Ú.
Põ-µ-n® (R) : G¢u ¢x ö\À, Ash ö\Àø» P¸- Ä - Ó a ö\´- Q - Ó x
Gß-£-øu¨ ö£õ-Özx ÷\´ E°-›-°ß £õÀ {º-n-°U-P¨-£-k-Q-Óx.
(A) (A) ©Ø-Ö® (R) \›, (R) Gß-£x (A) &°ß \›-¯õÚ ÂÍU-P® CÀ-ø».
(B) (A) ©Ø-Ö® (R) Cµsk-÷© uÁ-Ö.
(C) (A) \› (R) uÁ-Ö.
(D) (A) ©Ø-Ö® (R) \›, (R) Gß-£x (A) &°ß \›-¯õÚ ÂÍU-P®.
Assertion (A) : XX - XO type of sex determination is seen in bedbugs, cockroaches
and grasshoppers.

Reason (R) : The sex of the offspring depends upon the sperm that fertilizes the
egg.

(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not the correct explanation for (A).

(b) Both (A) and (R) are false.

(c) (A) is true and (R) is false.

(d) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation for (A).

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3287 (NS) 4

6. R÷Ç öPõ-kU-P¨-£m-kÒÍ G¢u S÷µõ-÷©õ-÷\õ® Av-P ©µ-£-q Ahº-Â-øÚU
öPõs-kÒÍx ?
(A) S÷µõ-÷©õ-÷\õ® ‘Y’ (B) S÷µõ-÷©õ-÷\õ® 1
(C) S÷µõ-÷©õ-÷\õ® 19 (D) S÷µõ-÷©õ-÷\õ® 13
Which of the following chromosome has the highest gene density ?
(a) Chromosome ‘Y’ (b) Chromosome 1
(c) Chromosome 19 (d) Chromosome 13

7. __________ ©Ø- Ö ® __________ BQ- ÷ ¯õº ©µ- £ - q öÁΨ- £ õk ©Ø- Ö ®
ö|Ô¨- £ - k z- x - u ø» ÂÍU- S ® ªPa- ] - Ó ¢u "»õU K£- µ õß' ©õ- v - › ø¯
G.÷Põ-ø»-°À E¸-ÁõU-Q-Úº.
(A) öíº÷å, ÷\ì (B) ÷áP¨, ÷©õ-Úõm
(C) ö©ö\À-ö\ß, ìhõÀ (D) Áõm-\ß, Q›U
__________ and __________ proposed the classical model of Lac operon to explain
gene expression and regulation in E.Coli.
(a) Hershey, Chase (b) Jacob, Monod
(c) Meselson, Stahl (d) Watson, Crick

8. Kº CÚU-Tm-h® íõºi Ãß-ö£ºU \©-{-ø»-°À G¨-÷£õx C¸U-Põx ?
(A) CÚU-Tm-hz-vß AÍÄ ö£›-uõP C¸¢-uõÀ.
(B) E°-›-Ú[-PÒ ÷uºÄ ö\´x P»-Â-°À Dk-£-k® ÷£õ-x.
(C) vjº ©õØ-Ó® CÀ-»-õu {ø»-°À.
(D) Á»-ø\ ÷£õ-uÀ CÀ-»õu {ø»-°À.
A population will not exist in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium if :
(a) The population is large.
(b) Individuals mate selectively.
(c) There are no mutations.
(d) There is no migration.

5 3287 (NS)

9. R÷Ç öPõ- k U- P ¨- £ m- k ÒÍ- Á Ø- Ô À \› ©Ø- Ö ® uÁ- Ó õÚ ÁõU- Q - ¯ [- P øÍ
PshԯĮ.
(i) ¤Íõì-÷©õ-i-¯® øÁÁõUì C¸ ¸¢-÷uõ®-¤-PøÍU öPõsh E°-›.
(ii) ¤Íõì-÷©õ-i-¯z-vß ÁõÌUøP _ÇØ-]-°À ø\÷åõ-÷PõÛ, £õ-¼-÷PõÛ
©Ø-Ö® ì÷£õ-÷µõ-÷PõÛ GßÓ ‰ßÖ {ø»-PÒ Põ-n¨-£-k-Qß-Ó-Ú.
(iii) ö£›-¯ ø\åõs-k-P-ÎÀ ©g-\Ò {Óz-x-hß Ti-¯ £Ê¨¦ {Ó-ª-¯õÚ
åL¨-Ú-›ß xPÒ-PÒ Põ-n¨-£-k-Qß-Ó-Ú.
(iv) ¤Íõì-÷©õ-i-¯z öuõØ-Ô-ÚõÀ Cµzu öÁÒ-øÍ-¯-qU-PÒ Eøh¢x _ÇØ]
•øÓ-°À Põ´a-\-¾® ©ØÓ AÔ-S-Ô-P-Ю HØ-£-k-Qß-Ó-Ú.
(A) (i) - \›, (ii) - \›, (iii) - uÁ-Ö, (iv) - \›
(B) (i) - \›, (ii) - \›, (iii) - uÁ-Ö, (iv) - uÁ-Ö
(C) (i) - \›, (ii) - uÁ-Ö, (iii) - -\-›, (iv) - uÁ-Ö
(D) (i) - uÁ-Ö, (ii) - \›, (iii) - uÁ-Ö, (iv) - -\-›
Find the true and false statements from the following :
(i) Plasmodium vivax is a digenic parasite.
(ii) The life cycle of Plasmodium involves 3 phases namely, schizogony, polygony
and sporogony.
(iii) The large schizont shows yellowish - brown pigmented granules called Schuffners
granules.
(iv) Plasmodium infection leads to Lysis of white blood cells results in cycles of
fever and other symptoms.
(a) (i) - True, (ii) - True, (iii) - False, (iv) - True
(b) (i) - True, (ii) - True, (iii) - False, (iv) - False
(c) (i) - True, (ii) - False, (iii) - True, (iv) - False
(d) (i) - False, (ii) - True, (iii) - False, (iv) - True

10. Gvº¨-ö£õ-¸ÒP-øÍ Av-P AÍÄ EØ£zv ö\´x öÁÎ-°-k® B ö\À ÁøP
¯õx ?
(A) öPõÀ¼ ö\À-PÒ (B) {øÚ-ÁõØ-ÓÀ ö\À-PÒ
(C) ÷£\õ¤À-PÒ (D) ¤Íõì-©õ ö\À-PÒ
B Cells that produce and release large amounts of antibody is called :
(a) Killer Cells (b) Memory Cells
(c) Basophils (d) Plasma Cells

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3287 (NS) 6

11. RÌÁ¸ÁÚÁØÔÀ G¢u £õUj›¯® GzuÚõÀ EØ£zv°À
Dk£kzu¨£kÁvÀø» ?
(A) \õº-]-Úõ öÁß-i-›-S-¼
(B) \U-Põ-÷µõø©ö\ì ö\›-Â-]-÷¯
(C) Ci-÷¯õ-öÚÀ-»õ \õU-øP-¯ß-]ì
(D) ø\÷©õ-÷©õ-Úõ-ì ö©õ-¤-¼ì
Which one of the following bacterium is not involved in ethanol production ?
(a) Sarcina ventriculi
(b) Saccharomyces cerevisiae
(c) Ideonella sakaiensis
(d) Zymomonas mobilis

12. •uß •u-¼À ©¸z-xÁ ©µ-£q ]Qaø\ ‰»® {Áºzv ö\´-¯¨-£mh ÷|õ´ :
(A) SCID (B) AIDS
(C) ¦Ø-Ö-÷|õ´ (D) }º-©z v_ _ÇØ-]
The first clinical gene therapy was done for the treatment of :
(a) SCID (b) AIDS
(c) Cancer (d) Cystic Fibrosis

13. R÷ÇU öPõ-kU-P¨-£m-kÒÍ G¢u »[-S-P-Îß öuõ-S¨¦ uõº £õ-ø»-Á-Úz-vÀ
Põ-n¨-£-k-Qß-ÓÚ.
(A) C¢-v-¯U Põm-öh-¸-ø©, Põs-hõ-ª-¸-P®, ©Ô-©õß-PÒ
(B) áõU •¯À, P[-Põ¸ G¼, ø£ _s-öh-¼
(C) P¸¨¦ ©õß, C¢-v¯ •Ò-ÁõÀ £À-¼-PÒ, öÁÒ-øÍU-PõÀ |›
(D) ]Â[Q §øÚ, ©µ K|õ´-PÒ, Pµ-i-PÒ
Which of the following group of animals are the common fauna of the Thar deserts ?
(a) Gaur, Rhino, Antelope
(b) Jack rabbits, Kangaroo rats, Pocket mice
(c) The blackbuck, The Indian Spiny-tailed lizard, The white-footed fox
(d) Bobcat, Timber wolf, Black bear

7 3287 (NS)

14. øP÷£- ] - P - Î ß ‰»® E¸- Á õ- S ® ªß- Ú - q U PÈ- Ä - P - Î À G¢u E÷»õ- P ®
Av-P-©õ-PU Põ-n¨-£-k-Q-Óx ?
(A) u[-P® (B) uõ-ª-µ® (C) öÁÒ-Î (D) £÷»-i-¯®
In the E-waste generated by the mobile phones, which among the following metal is
most abundant ?
(a) Gold (b) Copper (c) Silver (d) Palladium

15. ¤ß-Á-¸-Á-Ú-ÁØ-ÔÀ Gx `ÇÀ EÒ £õ-x-Põ¨¦ ÁøP-ø¯ \õº¢-ux AÀ» ?
(A) E°º-÷PõÍ Põ¨-¤-h® (B) ¦P-¼-h[-PÒ
(C) ÷u]-¯ §[-PõU-PÒ (D) »[-Q-¯À §[-PõU-PÒ
Which one of the following is not coming under insitu conservation ?
(a) Biosphere Reserve (b) Sanctuaries
(c) National Parks (d) Zoological Park

£Sv & II / PART - II
SÔ¨¦ : GøÁ÷¯Ý® BÖ ÂÚõUPÐUS Âøh¯ÎUPÄ®. ÂÚõ Gs 24 &US
Pmhõ-¯-©õP Âøh¯ÎUPÄ®. 6x2=12
Note : Answer any six of the following. Question Number 24 is compulsory.

16. ^®-£õÀ Gß-ÓõÀ GßÚ ? Auß •U-Q-¯z-x-Áz-vÀ H÷u-Ý® Jß-ÔøÚ GÊ-x-P.
What is Colostrum ? Write any one of its significances.

17. uõ´-÷\´ Cøn¨-¦z v_ J¸ |õÍ-ªÀ-»õa _µ¨-¤z v_ & {¯õ-¯¨-£-kz-x-P.
Placenta is an endocrine tissue. Justify.

18. íß-i[-hß ÷Põ-›-¯õ Gß-ÓõÀ GßÚ ?
What is Huntington’s chorea ?

19. S £›nõ©® ©ØÖ® › £›nõ© {PÌa]PøÍ JÆöÁõ¸
GkzxUPõmkhß ÷ÁÖ£kzxP.
Differentiate divergent evolution from convergent evolution with one example each.

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3287 (NS) 8

20. ö\À-¼-¯À uÛ-ø©¨-£-kz-x-uÀ Gß-ÓõÀ GßÚ ?
What is known as cytological isolation ?

21. ÷Áv¯ |kÁºPÒ GÆÁõÖ EhØö\¯¼¯À \õº¢u uøhPÍõP
ö\¯À£kQßÓÚ ?
How does chemical mediators act as physiological barriers ?

22. C¯ØøP ÷ÁÍõs-ø©-°ß •U-Q¯ £s-¦-PøÍ GÊ-x-P.
Write the key features of organic farming.

23. ]Á¨¦ £m-i-¯-¼À ÁøP¨-£-kz-u¨-£m-kÒÍ Gmk ÁøP-¯õÚ ]Ø-Ô-Ú[-PÒ
¯õøÁ ?
What are the eight categories of species in Red List ?

24. 2025 &® Bs- i À, E»- P ©U- P Ò öuõ- ø P- ° À, ‰ß- Ô À Cµsk £[S ÷£º,
us-p-º um-k¨£õmhõÀ AÁ-v-²-Ö-Áº. Bu-»õÀ }º ©õ-_-£õm-iøÚ ukUP G¢u
ÁøP-¯õÚ ukz-uÀ •øÓ-PøÍ øP¯õÍ-»õ® ?
By 2025, two thirds of the world’s Population may face water shortages. So, what are
the preventive measures to be taken to reduce water pollution ?

£Sv & III / PART - III
SÔ¨¦ : GøÁ÷¯Ý® BÖ ÂÚõUPÐUS Âøh¯ÎUPÄ®. ÂÚõ Gs
33 &US Pmhõ¯©õP Âøh¯ÎUPÄ®. 6x3=18
Note : Answer any six of the following. Question Number 33 is compulsory.

25. CǨ¦ «m-hÀ Gß-ÓõÀ GßÚ ? Auß ÁøP-PøÍ ÂÍU-S-P.
What is regeneration ? Explain its types.

26. GøÁ- ÷ ¯- Ý ® ‰ßÖ øÁµì £õÀ-  - ø Úz öuõØÖ ÷|õ´- P - ø Í- ² ® Auß
AÔ-S-Ô-P-øÍ-²® ÂÍU-S-P.
Describe any three of the Viral STI and mention their symptoms.

9 3287 (NS)

27. ©Ûu ©µ-£q vm-hz-vß •U-Q¯ C»U-S-PøÍ GÊ-x-P.
Write the main goals of Human Genome Project.

28. ÷£]À-»› ^u-÷£v ©Ø-Ö® A«-¤U ^u-÷£v J¨-¤mk ÷ÁÖ-£-kz-x-P.
Compare and contrast bacillary dysentery and amoebic dysentery.

29. Eu-Â ö£Ö® ÁõÌUøP Gß-ÓõÀ GßÚ ? Kº Gkz-xU-Põm-k-hß ÂÍU-S-P.
What is Commensalism ? Explain with an example.

30. ©µ¦ ©õØ-Ó¨-£mh £°º-PÎ
- À Qøµ ãß-PÎ
- ß (Cry genes) £[-QøÚ ÂÁ-›U-PÄ
- ®.
Explain the role of Cry genes in genetically modified crops.

31. ©µ- ¤ - ¯ À¦ ©õØ- Ó ¨- £ mh E°- › - P - ø Í _Ø- Ö a- ` - Ç - ¼ À PÁ- Ú U- S - ø Ó- Á õP
Âk- Â U- S ® ÷£õx ]» \©- ¯ [- P - Î À Gvº `Ç- ¼ - ¯ À ÂøÍ- Ä - P øÍ
Es-hõU-S-Qß-ÓÚ. ©µ-¤-¯À¦ ©õØ-Ó¨-£mh E°-›-Ú[-PÍõÀ ÷|›-hU-T-i¯
B£z-x-PÒ ¯õøÁ ?
Deliberate release of GMOs ( Genetically Modified Organisms) into the environment
could have negative ecological effects. Write the possible risks of GMOs.

32. £_ø© CÀ-» ÂøÍÄ CÀ-»õ-Âm-hõÀ §ª GÆ-ÁõÖ C¸U-S® ?
How would be the earth without green house effect ?

33. J¸ SÇ¢- ø u- ° ß øu©ì ö\¯À |¼- Ä - Ö - Q ÓuõP PØ- £ øÚ ö\´P. G¢u
ÁøP¯õÚ Â£-Ÿ-u-©õÚ ÂøÍ-Ä-P-øÍ AU-S-Ç¢øu Gvº-öPõÒ-Ю ? _¸U-P-©õP
ÂÁ-›U-P-Ä®.
Imagine, if atrophy of thymus occurs in a child, what would be the serious
consequences the child would face ? Explain briefly.

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3287 (NS) 10

£Sv & IV / PART - IV
SÔ¨¦ : AøÚzx ÂÚõUPÐUS® Âøh¯ÎUPÄ®. 5x5=25

Note : Answer all the questions.

34. (A) ©P¨- ÷ £Ö ©Ø- Ö ® £õ- ¿ m- k - u - ¼ À BU- ê - ÷ hõ- ] ß ©Ø- Ö ® ›»õU- ] ß
íõº-÷©õß-P-Îß £[-QøÚ ÂÍU-S-P.
AÀ»x
(B) ""©»m-kz-ußø©'' & Áøµ-¯-ÖU-P-Ä®. AuØ-PõÚ Põ-µ-n[-PøÍ GÊ-x-P.
(a) Explain the role of oxytocin and relaxin in parturition and lactation.
OR
(b) Define infertility. Write its causes.

35. (A) ©Û-u-ÛÀ Põ-n¨-£-k® £õÀ S÷µõ-÷©õ-÷\õ-ªß C¯À¦ ©õØ-Ó® £ØÔ
ÂÁ-›zx GÊ-x-P.
AÀ»x
(B) ""hõº-Â-Ûß S¸-Â-PÒ ©Ø-Ö® Bì-v-÷µ-¼¯ ø£¨-£õ-¿m-i-PÒ BQ-¯-øÁ
uP- Á - ø ©¨- ¦ ¨ £µ- Á - ¾ U- P õÚ ]Ó¢u Gkz- x U- P õm- k - P Ò BS®''.
Ca-ö\õØ-öÓõ-høµ {¯õ-¯¨-£-kz-x-P.
(a) Give an account of allosomal abnormalities in human beings.
OR
(b) ‘Darwin’s finches and Australian marsupials are suitable examples of adaptive
radiation’ - Justify this statement.

36. (A) ©µ-£-qU SÔ-±-k-P-Îß ]Ó¨-¦¨ £s-¦-PøÍ £m-i-¯-¼-k-P.
AÀ»x
(B) ³÷P-›-÷¯õm-k-P-ÎÀ £i-ö¯-kz-uÀ |øh-ö£-Ö® •øÓ-ø¯ ÂÍU-S-P.
(a) List out the salient features of genetic code.
OR
(b) Explain the process of transcription in eukaryotes.

11 3287 (NS)

37. (A) £õ- ¼ - © - ÷ µì \[- Q ¼ ÂøÚ- ø ¯¨ £¯ß- £ - k zv ¸®- ¤ ¯ ©õ- v - › - ° À
GÆ-ÁõÖ ©µ-£q ö£¸U-P® ö\´-¯¨-£-k-Qß-Óx ?
AÀ»x
(B) ©ÛuºPÎÀ Av- P - © õP, £µ- Á - » õ- P U Põ- n ¨- £ - k ® Cµsk ¦Ê-  - Ú
÷|õ´-PÒ ¯õøÁ ? AÁØøÓ ÂÁ-›U-P-Ä®.
(a) How is amplification of gene sample of interest carried out using PCR ?
OR
(b) What are the two most prevalent helminthic diseases in human beings ? Explain
them.

38. (A) A¯À-|õmk CÚ[-P-Îß EÒ-÷ÍØ-Ó® £ØÔ ÂÁ-›U-P-Ä®.
AÀ»x
(B) JÆ-öÁõ¸ E°-›-Ú-•® Auß _Ø-Öa-`-Ç-¾US HØ£ ÂøÚ-¦-›-Qß-ÓÚ.
E°-µØÓ Põ-µ-o-P-ÐUPõÚ Â»[-S-P-ÎÀ EÒÍ x»[-PÀ-P-Îß ÁøP-P-øÍ
ÂÍU-S-P.
(a) Explain the exotic species invasion.
OR
(b) Every living organisms responds to its environment. Explain the various types by
which organisms respond to abiotic conditions.

-oOo-

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