NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science (Economics) Chapter 2 People as Resource
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Page 1
NCERT
SOLUTIONS
CLASS - 9th
aglase .co
SOLUTIONS
CLASS - 9th
aglase .co
Page 2
Book - Economics Ncert Solutions | Chapter-2 Economics
Class : 9th
Subject : Economics
Chapter : 2
Chapter Name : People as Resource
Q1 Looking at the photograph can you explain how a doctor, teacher, engineer and a tailor are
an asset to the economy?
Answer. (i) A population becomes human capital when there is investment made in the form
of education training and medical care.
(ii) Human capital is the stack of skills and productive knowledge embodied in them.
(iii) Investment made in the form of education and training in making a doctor, a teacher an
engineer and a tailor, has increased their capabilities of providing different services to the
people of the country and therefore they are an asset to the economy of a nation
Page : 17 , Block Name : Let’s Discuss
Q2 Do you notice any difference between the two friends? What are those?
Answer. The differences between the two friends Sakal and Vilas were
(i) Vilas father died when Vilas was two years old whereas Sakal was living with his parents.
(ii) Sakal went to school but Vilas did not go to school.
(iii) Sakal was interested in studies whereas Vilas was not interested in studies.
(iv) Sakal did a course in computers and became employed whereas Vilas remained illiterate
and was not employed
(v) The condition of Sakal and his family became better whereas Vilas and his family lived in
poverty
Page : 18 , Block Name : Let’s Discuss
Q1 Has the literacy rates of the population increased since 1951?
Answer. Yes the literacy rates of the population have increased since 1951 as shown below.
Page 1 of 8 Aglasem Schools
Class : 9th
Subject : Economics
Chapter : 2
Chapter Name : People as Resource
Q1 Looking at the photograph can you explain how a doctor, teacher, engineer and a tailor are
an asset to the economy?
Answer. (i) A population becomes human capital when there is investment made in the form
of education training and medical care.
(ii) Human capital is the stack of skills and productive knowledge embodied in them.
(iii) Investment made in the form of education and training in making a doctor, a teacher an
engineer and a tailor, has increased their capabilities of providing different services to the
people of the country and therefore they are an asset to the economy of a nation
Page : 17 , Block Name : Let’s Discuss
Q2 Do you notice any difference between the two friends? What are those?
Answer. The differences between the two friends Sakal and Vilas were
(i) Vilas father died when Vilas was two years old whereas Sakal was living with his parents.
(ii) Sakal went to school but Vilas did not go to school.
(iii) Sakal was interested in studies whereas Vilas was not interested in studies.
(iv) Sakal did a course in computers and became employed whereas Vilas remained illiterate
and was not employed
(v) The condition of Sakal and his family became better whereas Vilas and his family lived in
poverty
Page : 18 , Block Name : Let’s Discuss
Q1 Has the literacy rates of the population increased since 1951?
Answer. Yes the literacy rates of the population have increased since 1951 as shown below.
Page 1 of 8 Aglasem Schools
Page 3
Page : 21 , Block Name : Let’s Discuss
Q2 In which year India has the highest literacy rates?
Answer. India has the highest literacy rates in 2001.
Page : 21 , Block Name : Let’s Discuss
Q3 Why literacy rate is high among the males of India?
Answer. India traditionally has a patriarchal male dominated society where more importance
is given to males. Culturally due to division of labour the males go out of their homes and get
better access to education. Poor families due to monetary constraints prefer to send only their
sons to school and not their daughters.
Page : 21 , Block Name : Let’s Discuss
Q4 Why are women less educated than men?
Answer. Women are less educated than men because more preference is given to the boys or
sons in the family for education as they are considered as future of the family. Traditionally,
the girls were expected to stay at home and look after domestic chores. So, education among
girls was not encouraged. Because, of the above reasons the women are less educated than
men.
Page : 21 , Block Name : Let’s Discuss
Q5 How would you calculate literacy rate in India?
Answer. The literacy rate can be calculated on the basis of the formula i.e., the number of
literate people divided by the population multiplied by 100.
Page : 21 , Block Name : Let’s Discuss
Q6 What is your projection about India’s literacy rate in 2020?
Answer. The projection about India's literacy rate in year 2010 would be between 75% to 85%.
Page 2 of 8 Aglasem Schools
Q2 In which year India has the highest literacy rates?
Answer. India has the highest literacy rates in 2001.
Page : 21 , Block Name : Let’s Discuss
Q3 Why literacy rate is high among the males of India?
Answer. India traditionally has a patriarchal male dominated society where more importance
is given to males. Culturally due to division of labour the males go out of their homes and get
better access to education. Poor families due to monetary constraints prefer to send only their
sons to school and not their daughters.
Page : 21 , Block Name : Let’s Discuss
Q4 Why are women less educated than men?
Answer. Women are less educated than men because more preference is given to the boys or
sons in the family for education as they are considered as future of the family. Traditionally,
the girls were expected to stay at home and look after domestic chores. So, education among
girls was not encouraged. Because, of the above reasons the women are less educated than
men.
Page : 21 , Block Name : Let’s Discuss
Q5 How would you calculate literacy rate in India?
Answer. The literacy rate can be calculated on the basis of the formula i.e., the number of
literate people divided by the population multiplied by 100.
Page : 21 , Block Name : Let’s Discuss
Q6 What is your projection about India’s literacy rate in 2020?
Answer. The projection about India's literacy rate in year 2010 would be between 75% to 85%.
Page 2 of 8 Aglasem Schools
Page 4
Page : 21 , Block Name : Let’s Discuss
Q1
Is the increase in the number of colleges adequate to admit the increasing number of
students?
Answer. No,the increase in the number of colleges is not adequate to admit the increasing
number of students because the number of students is increasing at a faster rate compared to
the colleges being established.
Page : 23 , Block Name : Let’s Discuss
Q2 Do you think we should have more number of universities?
Answer. Seeing the ever increasing number of students, we should establish more universities
to cater to their needs. But at the same time greater stress should be on opening more and
more colleges.
Page : 23 , Block Name : Let’s Discuss
Q3 What is the increase noticed among the teachers in the year 1998–99.
Answer. There was an increase of 21 thousand teachers in the year 1998-99 compared to 1996-
97.
Page : 23 , Block Name : Let’s Discuss
Q4 What is your idea about future colleges and universities?
Answer. In future colleges and universities, stress should be on vocationalisation of education.
There should also be a focus on distance education, and convergence of formal and informal,
distance and IT education institutions. Colleges should be set up in rural areas to bene t the
rural students. Colleges and universities should focus on providing student centered
education.
Page : 23 , Block Name : Let’s Discuss
Q1 What is the percentage increase in dispensaries from 1951 to 2015?
Page 3 of 8 Aglasem Schools
Q1
Is the increase in the number of colleges adequate to admit the increasing number of
students?
Answer. No,the increase in the number of colleges is not adequate to admit the increasing
number of students because the number of students is increasing at a faster rate compared to
the colleges being established.
Page : 23 , Block Name : Let’s Discuss
Q2 Do you think we should have more number of universities?
Answer. Seeing the ever increasing number of students, we should establish more universities
to cater to their needs. But at the same time greater stress should be on opening more and
more colleges.
Page : 23 , Block Name : Let’s Discuss
Q3 What is the increase noticed among the teachers in the year 1998–99.
Answer. There was an increase of 21 thousand teachers in the year 1998-99 compared to 1996-
97.
Page : 23 , Block Name : Let’s Discuss
Q4 What is your idea about future colleges and universities?
Answer. In future colleges and universities, stress should be on vocationalisation of education.
There should also be a focus on distance education, and convergence of formal and informal,
distance and IT education institutions. Colleges should be set up in rural areas to bene t the
rural students. Colleges and universities should focus on providing student centered
education.
Page : 23 , Block Name : Let’s Discuss
Q1 What is the percentage increase in dispensaries from 1951 to 2015?
Page 3 of 8 Aglasem Schools
Page 5
Book - Economics Ncert Solutions | Chapter-2 Economics
Answer. DIY
Page : 23 , Block Name : Let’s Discuss
Q2 What is the percentage increase in doctors and nursing personnel from 1951 to 2015?
Answer. Missing
Page : 23 , Block Name : Let’s Discuss
Q3 Do you think the increase in the number of doctors and nurses is adequate for India? If not,
why?
Answer. No, the increase in the number of doctors and nurses is Inadequate because the ratio
of both doctors and nursing personnel is still too low for India's population.
Page : 24 , Block Name : Let’s Discuss
Q4 What other facilities would you like to provide in a hospital?
Answer. Other facilities we would like to provide in a hospital — (i) Hospitals should be
spotlessly clean and hygienic.
Page : 24 , Block Name : Let’s Discuss
Q5 Discuss about the hospital you have visited?
Answer. I have visited the Anand Hospital in our city
(i) It is a 200 bed multi specialist hospital and provides high class medical facilities.
(ii) It has state of the art operation theatres
(iii) It has various machines to carry out different kinds of tests like ultrasound, blood bank.
MRI, etc.
(iv) It has a well equipped pathology lab.
(v) It has a number of specialists in different branches of medicine.
(vi) It caters to the needs of the entire city and also to the surrounding rural areas.
(vii) It is centrally air conditioned. It also has a medical store.
(viii) The only drawback is that being a private hospital the treatment for the patients is
costly.
Page : 24 , Block Name : Let’s Discuss
Q6 Can you draw a graph using this table
Answer. Missing
Page 4 of 8 Aglasem Schools
Answer. DIY
Page : 23 , Block Name : Let’s Discuss
Q2 What is the percentage increase in doctors and nursing personnel from 1951 to 2015?
Answer. Missing
Page : 23 , Block Name : Let’s Discuss
Q3 Do you think the increase in the number of doctors and nurses is adequate for India? If not,
why?
Answer. No, the increase in the number of doctors and nurses is Inadequate because the ratio
of both doctors and nursing personnel is still too low for India's population.
Page : 24 , Block Name : Let’s Discuss
Q4 What other facilities would you like to provide in a hospital?
Answer. Other facilities we would like to provide in a hospital — (i) Hospitals should be
spotlessly clean and hygienic.
Page : 24 , Block Name : Let’s Discuss
Q5 Discuss about the hospital you have visited?
Answer. I have visited the Anand Hospital in our city
(i) It is a 200 bed multi specialist hospital and provides high class medical facilities.
(ii) It has state of the art operation theatres
(iii) It has various machines to carry out different kinds of tests like ultrasound, blood bank.
MRI, etc.
(iv) It has a well equipped pathology lab.
(v) It has a number of specialists in different branches of medicine.
(vi) It caters to the needs of the entire city and also to the surrounding rural areas.
(vii) It is centrally air conditioned. It also has a medical store.
(viii) The only drawback is that being a private hospital the treatment for the patients is
costly.
Page : 24 , Block Name : Let’s Discuss
Q6 Can you draw a graph using this table
Answer. Missing
Page 4 of 8 Aglasem Schools
Page 6
Page : 24 , Block Name : Let’s Discuss
Q1 What do you understand by 'people as a resource'?
Answer. 'People as a resource' is a way of referring to a country's working people in terms of
their existing productive skills and abilities. Because the humans contribute to GDP, they are
also considered as a resource.
Page : 27 , Block Name : Exercise
Q2 How is human resource different from other resources like land and physical capital?
Answer. 1. Land, water, forests and minerals are resources which are essential for the growth,
progress and development of human society.
2. However these resources become usable only when the human being processes them and
develops them; otherwise they are of no use on their own. Without human beings these
resources would remain unutilised. Thus human resource is the most important resource
because it helps to utilise natural resources.
Page : 27 , Block Name : Exercise
Q3 What is the role of education in human capital formation?
Answer. Education plays a signi cant and very vital role in human capital formation because
education helps the humans to achieve and realize their full potential and achieve success in
life in the form of higher incomes earned through better jobs and higher productivity.
Education helps the people by broadening their knowledge and providing them training.
Page : 27 , Block Name : Exercise
Q4 What is the role of health in human capital formation?
Answer. Health plays an important role in human capital formation for the following reasons
1. Only a healthy person can perform to his full potential.
2. A healthy person can do the work in a more effective manner.
3. A healthy person can contribute to the growth and development of the economy by doing
productive work.
4. An unhealthy person becomes a liability for an organisation. Indeed health is an
indispensable basis for realising one's well being.
Realising the importance of health, improvement in the health status of the population has
been the priority of the government.
Page : 27 , Block Name : Exercise
Q5 What part does health play in the individual’s working life?
Page 5 of 8 Aglasem Schools
Q1 What do you understand by 'people as a resource'?
Answer. 'People as a resource' is a way of referring to a country's working people in terms of
their existing productive skills and abilities. Because the humans contribute to GDP, they are
also considered as a resource.
Page : 27 , Block Name : Exercise
Q2 How is human resource different from other resources like land and physical capital?
Answer. 1. Land, water, forests and minerals are resources which are essential for the growth,
progress and development of human society.
2. However these resources become usable only when the human being processes them and
develops them; otherwise they are of no use on their own. Without human beings these
resources would remain unutilised. Thus human resource is the most important resource
because it helps to utilise natural resources.
Page : 27 , Block Name : Exercise
Q3 What is the role of education in human capital formation?
Answer. Education plays a signi cant and very vital role in human capital formation because
education helps the humans to achieve and realize their full potential and achieve success in
life in the form of higher incomes earned through better jobs and higher productivity.
Education helps the people by broadening their knowledge and providing them training.
Page : 27 , Block Name : Exercise
Q4 What is the role of health in human capital formation?
Answer. Health plays an important role in human capital formation for the following reasons
1. Only a healthy person can perform to his full potential.
2. A healthy person can do the work in a more effective manner.
3. A healthy person can contribute to the growth and development of the economy by doing
productive work.
4. An unhealthy person becomes a liability for an organisation. Indeed health is an
indispensable basis for realising one's well being.
Realising the importance of health, improvement in the health status of the population has
been the priority of the government.
Page : 27 , Block Name : Exercise
Q5 What part does health play in the individual’s working life?
Page 5 of 8 Aglasem Schools
Page 7
Answer. Health plays an important part in the individual's working life because
1. An unhealthy person cannot work ef Ciently.
2. If the body is healthy then only the mind can perform well.
3. A healthy person is able to work harder and better, thus earning more and living a better
life.
Page : 27 , Block Name : Exercise
Q6 What are the various activities undertaken in the primary sector, secondary sector and
tertiary sector?
Answer. Primary Sector Activities Agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, shing, poultry
farming and mining.
Secondary Sector Activities Include manufacturing and construction.
Tertiary Sector Activities Trade, transport, communication, banking, education, health,
tourism, services, insurance, etc.
Page : 27 , Block Name : Exercise
Q7 What is the difference between economic activities and non-economic activities?
Answer. The activities which are performed for money and results in economic income are
called economic activities. These activities add value to the national income.
Those activities which are not performed for money and do not result in economic income are
called non-economic activities.
Page : 27 , Block Name : Exercise
Q8 Why are women employed in low paid work?
Answer. 1. A majority of the women in India have very less education and low skill formation
and thus they perform mainly unskilled labour and get lower wages.
2. Being less educated they are unaware of their rights and about minimum wages, or they
work in the unorganised sector where they get low wages.
3. They are traditionally considered physically inferior to men and believed to do less work, so
they are paid less compared to men.
Page : 27 , Block Name : Exercise
Q9 How will you explain the term unemployment?
Answer. Unemployment is said to exist when people who are willing to work at the current
wages cannot nd jobs.
Page 6 of 8 Aglasem Schools
1. An unhealthy person cannot work ef Ciently.
2. If the body is healthy then only the mind can perform well.
3. A healthy person is able to work harder and better, thus earning more and living a better
life.
Page : 27 , Block Name : Exercise
Q6 What are the various activities undertaken in the primary sector, secondary sector and
tertiary sector?
Answer. Primary Sector Activities Agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, shing, poultry
farming and mining.
Secondary Sector Activities Include manufacturing and construction.
Tertiary Sector Activities Trade, transport, communication, banking, education, health,
tourism, services, insurance, etc.
Page : 27 , Block Name : Exercise
Q7 What is the difference between economic activities and non-economic activities?
Answer. The activities which are performed for money and results in economic income are
called economic activities. These activities add value to the national income.
Those activities which are not performed for money and do not result in economic income are
called non-economic activities.
Page : 27 , Block Name : Exercise
Q8 Why are women employed in low paid work?
Answer. 1. A majority of the women in India have very less education and low skill formation
and thus they perform mainly unskilled labour and get lower wages.
2. Being less educated they are unaware of their rights and about minimum wages, or they
work in the unorganised sector where they get low wages.
3. They are traditionally considered physically inferior to men and believed to do less work, so
they are paid less compared to men.
Page : 27 , Block Name : Exercise
Q9 How will you explain the term unemployment?
Answer. Unemployment is said to exist when people who are willing to work at the current
wages cannot nd jobs.
Page 6 of 8 Aglasem Schools
Page 8
Page : 27 , Block Name : Exercise
Q10 What is the difference between disguised unemployment and seasonal unemployment?
Answer. Disguised Unemployment between disguised
1. In case of disguised unemployment, people appear to be employed but are actually not
employed.
2. Sometimes in agricultural families, eight people are working in the farm, whereas only ve
people are needed to do that work. Thus three persons are surplus and they are not needed on
the farm. They also do not help to increase the production of the farm.
3. If these three extra persons are removed from the farm. the production from the farm will
not decrease; therefore these three persons appear to be employed but are actually disguisedly
unemployed.
Seasonal Unemployment
1. Seasonal unemployment happens when people are not able to nd jobs during some
months of the year.
2. People dependent upon agriculture usually face such a kind of problem. There are certain
busy seasons when sowing, harvesting, weeding and threshing is done. But when the plants
are growing, there is not much work.
3. During this period, they remain unemployed and are said to be seasonally unemployed.
Page : 27 , Block Name : Exercise
Q11 Why is educated unemployed, a peculiar problem of India?
Answer. 1. In the case of urban areas, educate"dunemployment has become a corrmon
phenomenon. many urban youth with matriculation, graduation and post graduation degrees
are not able to nd jobs.
2. A study showed that unemployment of graduates and post graduates has increased faster
than among matriculates.
3. A paradoxical manpower situation is witnessed as surplus of manpower in certain categories
coexists with shortage of manpower in others.
4. There is unemployment among technically quali ed persons on one hand, while there is
dearth of technical skills required for economic growth.
5. So we can say that educated unemployment is indeed a peculiar problem of India.
Page : 27 , Block Name : Exercise
Q12 In which eld do you think India can build the maximum employment opportunity?
Answer. 1. Agriculture sector in India is suffering from disguised unemployment and there is
no more possibility of further employment.
2. Unemployed rural labour force is now migrating to the cities to work in the industrial sector
where many industries have been set up and has the maximum capacity to provide
Page 7 of 8 Aglasem Schools
Q10 What is the difference between disguised unemployment and seasonal unemployment?
Answer. Disguised Unemployment between disguised
1. In case of disguised unemployment, people appear to be employed but are actually not
employed.
2. Sometimes in agricultural families, eight people are working in the farm, whereas only ve
people are needed to do that work. Thus three persons are surplus and they are not needed on
the farm. They also do not help to increase the production of the farm.
3. If these three extra persons are removed from the farm. the production from the farm will
not decrease; therefore these three persons appear to be employed but are actually disguisedly
unemployed.
Seasonal Unemployment
1. Seasonal unemployment happens when people are not able to nd jobs during some
months of the year.
2. People dependent upon agriculture usually face such a kind of problem. There are certain
busy seasons when sowing, harvesting, weeding and threshing is done. But when the plants
are growing, there is not much work.
3. During this period, they remain unemployed and are said to be seasonally unemployed.
Page : 27 , Block Name : Exercise
Q11 Why is educated unemployed, a peculiar problem of India?
Answer. 1. In the case of urban areas, educate"dunemployment has become a corrmon
phenomenon. many urban youth with matriculation, graduation and post graduation degrees
are not able to nd jobs.
2. A study showed that unemployment of graduates and post graduates has increased faster
than among matriculates.
3. A paradoxical manpower situation is witnessed as surplus of manpower in certain categories
coexists with shortage of manpower in others.
4. There is unemployment among technically quali ed persons on one hand, while there is
dearth of technical skills required for economic growth.
5. So we can say that educated unemployment is indeed a peculiar problem of India.
Page : 27 , Block Name : Exercise
Q12 In which eld do you think India can build the maximum employment opportunity?
Answer. 1. Agriculture sector in India is suffering from disguised unemployment and there is
no more possibility of further employment.
2. Unemployed rural labour force is now migrating to the cities to work in the industrial sector
where many industries have been set up and has the maximum capacity to provide
Page 7 of 8 Aglasem Schools
Page 9
Book - Economics Ncert Solutions | Chapter-2 Economics
employment.
3. The educated unemployed can also nd jobs in the service sector or the tertiary sector.
Page : 27 , Block Name : Exercise
Q13 Can you suggest some measures in the education system to mitigate the problem of the
educated unemployed?
Answer. Vocational education should be encouraged so that after education, people do not
have dif culty in getting jobs because they will better trained for work.
1. More use of Information Technology (IT) should be made in giving education.
2. Education should cater to the needs of the employment markets.
3. More opportunities should be made available in the tertiary sector where more educated
unemployed people can nd jobs.
Page : 27 , Block Name : Exercise
Q14 Can you imagine some village which initially had no job opportunities but later came up
with many?
Answer. 1. Then electricity reached the village and people could irrigate their elds and could
grow 2 to 3 crops in a year and get work.
2. Some people set up small scale industries which could be run by electricity and provided
employment to people.
3. A school was established and now the population started to become educated and as a result
they could seek employment in and outside the village. The village became prosperous and
soon had better health, education, transport and job facilities.
Page : 27 , Block Name : Exercise
Q15 Which capital would you consider the best — land, labour, physical capital and human
capital? Why?
Answer. 1. Land labour physical capital and human capital are very important for the growth
and development of the society and the economy.
2. In the absence of any of these resources we cannot hope to much progress, so they are very
Important.
3. However, human capital is the most important capital because all other types of capital can
be utilised only by humans; if humans do not develop and process other capital or resources
and make them usable, they would remain underdeveloped and unutilised because on their
own they are useless and of no use to anybody.
Page : 27 , Block Name : Exercise
Page 8 of 8 Aglasem Schools
employment.
3. The educated unemployed can also nd jobs in the service sector or the tertiary sector.
Page : 27 , Block Name : Exercise
Q13 Can you suggest some measures in the education system to mitigate the problem of the
educated unemployed?
Answer. Vocational education should be encouraged so that after education, people do not
have dif culty in getting jobs because they will better trained for work.
1. More use of Information Technology (IT) should be made in giving education.
2. Education should cater to the needs of the employment markets.
3. More opportunities should be made available in the tertiary sector where more educated
unemployed people can nd jobs.
Page : 27 , Block Name : Exercise
Q14 Can you imagine some village which initially had no job opportunities but later came up
with many?
Answer. 1. Then electricity reached the village and people could irrigate their elds and could
grow 2 to 3 crops in a year and get work.
2. Some people set up small scale industries which could be run by electricity and provided
employment to people.
3. A school was established and now the population started to become educated and as a result
they could seek employment in and outside the village. The village became prosperous and
soon had better health, education, transport and job facilities.
Page : 27 , Block Name : Exercise
Q15 Which capital would you consider the best — land, labour, physical capital and human
capital? Why?
Answer. 1. Land labour physical capital and human capital are very important for the growth
and development of the society and the economy.
2. In the absence of any of these resources we cannot hope to much progress, so they are very
Important.
3. However, human capital is the most important capital because all other types of capital can
be utilised only by humans; if humans do not develop and process other capital or resources
and make them usable, they would remain underdeveloped and unutilised because on their
own they are useless and of no use to anybody.
Page : 27 , Block Name : Exercise
Page 8 of 8 Aglasem Schools
Document Details
| Board / Org | NCERT |
| Exam | Class 9 |
| Type | Solution |
| Pages | 9 |
| Updated | 30 Apr 2026 |