CBSE Class 11 Biology Syllabus 2020-21

BIOLOGY (Code No. 044)
2020-21

The present curriculum provides the students with updated concepts along with an extended
exposure to contemporary areas of the subject. The curriculum also aims at emphasizing the
underlying principles that are common to animals, plants and microorganisms as well as
highlighting the relationship of Biology with other areas of knowledge. The format of the
curriculum allows a simple, clear, sequential flow of concepts. It relates the study of biology to
real life through the use of technology. It links the discoveries and innovations in biology to
everyday life such as environment, industry, health and agriculture. The updated curriculum
focuses on understanding and application of scientific principles, while ensuring that ample
opportunities and scope for learning and appreciating basic concepts continue to be available
within its framework. The curriculum is expected to:
• promote understanding of basic principles of Biology
• encourage learning of emerging knowledge and its relevance to individual and society
• promote rational/scientific attitude towards issues related to population, environment and
development
• enhance awareness about environmental issues, problems and their appropriate solutions
• create awareness amongst the learners about diversity in the living organisms and
developing respect for other living beings
• appreciate that the most complex biological phenomena are built on essentially simple
processes
It is expected that the students would get an exposure to various branches of Biology in the
curriculum in a more contextual and systematic manner as they study its various units.

BIOLOGY (Code No. 044)
COURSE STRUCTURE
CLASS XI (2020 -21) (THEORY)

Time:3 Hours Max. Marks: 70

Unit Title Marks
I Diversity of Living Organisms
15
II Structural Organization in Plants and Animals
8
III Cell: Structure and Function
15
IV Plant Physiology 15
V Human Physiology 17
Total 70

Unit-I Diversity of Living Organisms

Chapter-1: The Living World
What is living? Biodiversity; Need for classification; three domains of life; concept of species
and taxonomical hierarchy; binomial nomenclature.

Chapter-2: Biological Classification
Five kingdom classification; Salient features and classification of Monera, Protista and Fungi
into major groups; Lichens, Viruses and Viroids.

Chapter-3: Plant Kingdom
Salient features and classification of plants into major groups - Algae, Bryophyta, Pteridophyta
and Gymnospermae. (salient and distinguishing features and a few examples of each category).

Chapter-4: Animal Kingdom
Salient features and classification of animals, non-chordates up to phyla level and chordates up
to class level (salient features and distinguishing features of a few examples of each category).
(No live animals or specimen should be displayed.)

Unit-II Structural Organization in Animals and Plants

Chapter-5: Morphology of Flowering Plants
Morphology of inflorescence and flower, Description of 01 family: Solanaceae or Liliaceae (to
be dealt along with the relevant experiments of the Practical Syllabus).

Chapter-7: Structural Organisation in Animals
Animal tissues.
Unit-III Cell: Structure and Function

Chapter-8: Cell-The Unit of Life
Cell theory and cell as the basic unit of life, structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells; Plant
cell and animal cell; cell envelope; cell membrane, cell wall; cell organelles - structure and
function; endomembrane system, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi bodies, lysosomes, vacuoles,
mitochondria, ribosomes, plastids, microbodies; cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella, centrioles
(ultrastructure and function); nucleus.

Chapter-9: Biomolecules
Chemical constituents of living cells: biomolecules, structure and function of proteins,
carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids; Enzymes- types, properties, enzyme action.

Chapter-10: Cell Cycle and Cell Division
Cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis and their significance

Unit-IV Plant Physiology

Chapter-13: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants

Photosynthesis as a means of autotrophic nutrition; site of photosynthesis, pigments involved in
photosynthesis (elementary idea); photochemical and biosynthetic phases of photosynthesis;
cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation; chemiosmotic hypothesis; photorespiration; C3 and
C4 pathways; factors affecting photosynthesis.

Chapter-14: Respiration in Plants
Exchange of gases; cellular respiration - glycolysis, fermentation (anaerobic), TCA cycle and
electron transport system (aerobic); energy relations - number of ATP molecules generated;
amphibolic pathways; respiratory quotient.

Chapter-15: Plant - Growth and Development
Growth regulators - auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene, ABA.

Unit-V Human Physiology

Chapter-17: Breathing and Exchange of Gases
Respiratory organs in animals (recall only); Respiratory system in humans; mechanism of
breathing and its regulation in humans - exchange of gases, transport of gases and regulation of
respiration, respiratory volume; disorders related to respiration - asthma, emphysema,
occupational respiratory disorders.

Chapter-18: Body Fluids and Circulation
Composition of blood, blood groups, coagulation of blood; composition of lymph and its
function; human circulatory system - Structure of human heart and blood vessels; cardiac cycle,
cardiac output, ECG; double circulation; regulation of cardiac activity; disorders of circulatory
system - hypertension, coronary artery disease, angina pectoris, heart failure.

Chapter-19: Excretory Products and their Elimination
Modes of excretion - ammonotelism, ureotelism, uricotelism; human excretory system –
structure and function; urine formation, osmoregulation; regulation of kidney function - renin -
angiotensin, atrial natriuretic factor, ADH and diabetes insipidus; role of other organs in
excretion; disorders - uremia, renal failure, renal calculi, nephritis; dialysis and artificial kidney,
kidney transplant.

Chapter-20: Locomotion and Movement
Skeletal muscle, contractile proteins and muscle contraction.

Chapter-21: Neural Control and Coordination
Neuron and nerves; Nervous system in humans - central nervous system; peripheral nervous
system and visceral nervous system; generation and conduction of nerve impulse.

Chapter-22: Chemical Coordination and Integration
Endocrine glands and hormones; human endocrine system - hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal,
thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, gonads; mechanism of hormone action (elementary idea);
role of hormones as messengers and regulators, hypo - and hyperactivity and related disorders;
dwarfism, acromegaly, cretinism, goiter, exophthalmic goiter, diabetes, Addison's disease.
Note: Diseases related to all the human physiological systems to be taught in brief.

PRACTICALS

Time Allowed : Three hours Max. Marks: 30

Evaluation Scheme Marks

One Major Experiment Part A (Experiment No- 1,3) 5
One Minor Experiment Part A (Experiment No- 4,5,6) 4
Slide Preparation Part A (Experiment No- 2) 5
Spotting Part B 7
Practical Record + Viva Voce Credit to the students’ work over the 4
Project Record + Viva Voce academic session may be given 5
Total 30

A: List of Experiments
1. Study and describe a locally available common flowering plant, from any one family:
Solanaceae or Liliaceae (Poaceae, Asteraceae or Brassicaceae can be substituted in case
of particular geographical location) including dissection and display of floral whorls,
anther and ovary to show number of chambers (floral formulae and floral diagrams).
2. Study of distribution of stomata in the upper and lower surfaces of leaves.
3. Separation of plant pigments through paper chromatography.
4. Study of the rate of respiration in flower buds/leaf tissue and germinating seeds.
5. Test for presence of sugar in urine.
6. Test for presence of albumin in urine.

B. Study/Observer of the following (spotting)
1. Parts of a compound microscope.
2. Specimens/slides/models and identification with reasons - Bacteria, Oscillatoria,
Spirogyra, Rhizopus, mushroom, yeast, liverwort, moss, fern, pine, one
monocotyledonous plant, one dicotyledonous plant and one lichen.
3. Virtual specimens/slides/models and identifying features of - Amoeba, Hydra, liverfluke,
Ascaris, leech, earthworm, prawn, silkworm, honeybee, snail, starfish, shark, rohu, frog,
lizard, pigeon and rabbit.
4. Tissues and diversity in shape and size of animal cells (squamous epithelium, smooth,
skeletal and cardiac muscle fibers and mammalian blood smear) through
temporary/permanent slides.
5. Mitosis in onion root tip cells and animal cells (grasshopper) from permanent slides.

Practical Examination for Visually Impaired Students Class XI

Note: The ‘Evaluation schemes’ and ‘General Guidelines’ for visually impaired students as
given for Class XII may be followed.

A. Items for Identification/Familiarity with the apparatus / equipments/animal and plant
material / chemicals etc. for assessment in practicals (All experiments)
• Plants of Solanaceae - Brinjal, Petunia, any other or Liliaceae- Any of the Lilies.
• Mushroom, Succulents such as Aloe vera/Kalanchoe, Raisins, Potatoes.
• Honey comb, Mollusc shell, Model of cockroach, Pigeon and Star fish.