ICSE Class 9 Syllabus 2027 Geography

ICSE YEAR 2027

INDIAN CERTIFICATE OF
SECONDARY EDUCATION
EXAMINATION

H.C.G (50)
GEOGRAPHY

February 2025
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MISSION STATEMENT

The Council for the Indian School Certificate
Examinations is committed to serving the nation's
children, through high quality educational
endeavours, empowering them to contribute towards
a humane, just and pluralistic society, promoting
introspective living, by creating exciting learning
opportunities, with a commitment to excellence.

ETHOS OF CISCE

Trust and fair play.
Minimum monitoring.
Allowing schools to evolve their own niche.
Catering to the needs of the children.
Giving freedom to experiment with new ideas
and practices.
Diversity and plurality - the basic strength for
evolution of ideas.
Schools to motivate pupils towards the
cultivation of:
Excellence - The Indian and Global
experience.
Values - Spiritual and cultural - to be the bedrock
of the educational experience.
Schools to have an 'Indian Ethos', strong roots in
the national psyche and be sensitive to national
aspirations.

HISTORY, CIVICS AND GEOGRAPHY (50)
GEOGRAPHY

H.C.G. - Paper - 2
Candidates offering History, Civics and Geography (Thailand) are not eligible to offer History, Civics and
Geography.

Aims:
1. To develop an understanding of terms, concepts 5. To know the availability of resources, understand,
and principles related to Geography. explain their uses and appreciate the problems of
2. To explain the cause- effect relationships of natural development in India.
phenomena. 6. To understand and encourage human efforts made
3. To understand the use of natural resources and to conserve and protect the natural environment.
development of regions. 7. To acquire practical skills related to the meaning
4. To acquire knowledge of and appreciate the and use of maps and their importance in the study
interdependence of nations and different regions of of Geography.
the world.

CLASS IX
There will be one paper of two hours duration (c) Using latitudes and longitudes to find
carrying 80 marks and an Internal Assessment of location. Calculation of time.
20 marks.
(d) Great Circles and their use.
Candidates will be expected to make the fullest use of
(iii) Rotation and Revolution
sketches, diagrams, graphs and charts in their
answers. Rotation – direction, speed and its effects
(occurrence of day and night, the sun rising in
Questions may require answers involving the
the east and setting in the west, Coriolis effect)
interpretation of photographs of geographical
interest. Revolution of the earth and its inclined axis –
effects: the variation in the length of the day
PRINCIPLES OF GEOGRAPHY
and night and seasonal changes with
1. Our World Equinoxes and Solstices.
(i) Earth as a planet 2. Structure of the Earth
Shape of the earth. Earth as the home of (i) Earth’s Structure
humankind and the conditions that exist.
Core, mantle, crust – meaning, extent and
(ii) Geographic grid - Latitudes & Longitudes their composition.
(a) Concept of latitudes: main latitudes, their (ii) Landforms of the Earth
location with degrees, parallels of latitude
Mountains, plateaus, plains (definition, types
and their uses.
and their formation):
(b) Concept of longitudes - Prime Meridian,
Mountains – fold, residual and block.
time (local, standard and time zones,
Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) and Plateaus – intermont and volcanic.
International Date Line (IDL). Eastern Plains – structural and depositional.
and Western hemisphere.
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Examples from the world and India. (ii) Insolation
(iii) Rocks - difference between minerals and • Meaning of insolation and terrestrial
rocks, types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, radiation.
metamorphic, their characteristics and
formation; rock cycle. • Factors affecting temperature: latitude,
altitude, distance from the sea, slope of
(iv) Volcanoes land, winds and ocean currents.
Meaning, Types – active, dormant and extinct. (iii) Atmospheric Pressure and Winds.
Effects – constructive and destructive. • Meaning and factors that affect
Important volcanic zones of the world. atmospheric pressure.

(v) Earthquakes • Major pressure belts of the world.
Meaning, causes and measurement. • Factors affecting direction and velocity of
wind – pressure gradient, Coriolis Effect.
Effects: destructive and constructive.
• Permanent winds – Trades, Westerlies
Earthquake zones of the World and Polar Easterlies.
(vi) Weathering and Denudation
• Periodic winds - Land and Sea breezes,
Meaning, types and effects of weathering. Monsoons.
Types: Physical Weathering – block and • Local winds - Loo, Chinook, Foehn and
granular disintegration, exfoliation; Mistral.
Chemical Weathering–oxidation, • Variable winds - Cyclones and
carbonation, hydration and solution; Anticyclones.
Biological Weathering – caused by humans, • Jet Streams- Meaning and importance.
plants and animals.
(iv) Humidity
Meaning and agents of denudation; work of
river and wind. • Humidity – meaning and difference
between relative and absolute humidity.
Stages of a river course and associated land
forms – V-shaped valley, waterfall, meander • Condensation – forms (clouds, dew, frost,
and delta. fog and mist).
Wind – deflation hollows and Sand dunes. • Precipitation - forms (rain, snow, and
hail).
3. Hydrosphere
• Types of rainfall – relief/orographic,
Meaning of hydrosphere. convectional, cyclonic/ frontal with
Tides - formation and pattern. examples from the different parts of the
Ocean Currents – their circulation pattern and world.
effects. (Specifically of Gulf Stream, North 5. Pollution
Atlantic Drift, Labrador Current, Kuro Shio and
Oya Shio.) (a) Types - air, water (fresh and marine), soil,
4. Atmosphere radiation and noise.

(i) Composition and structure of the atmosphere. (b) Sources:

Troposphere, Stratosphere, Ionosphere and • Noise: Traffic, factories, construction
Exosphere; Ozone in the Stratosphere, its sites, loudspeakers, airports.
depletion. Global warming and its impact. • Air: vehicular, industrial, burning of
garbage.

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• Water: domestic and industrial waste. 5. Plateaus – Canadian Shield, Tibetan Plateau,
Brazilian Highlands, Patagonian Plateau,
• Soil: chemical fertilizers, bio medical Iranian Plateau, Mongolian Plateau.
waste and pesticides.
• Radiation: X- rays; radioactive fallout INTERNAL ASSESSMENT
from nuclear plants.
PRACTICAL WORK/ PROJECT WORK
(c) Effects - on the environment and human
health. 1. A record file having any three of the following
exercises will be maintained. (The file will be
(d) Preventive Measures evaluated out of 10 marks).
Carpools, promotion of public transport, no (a) Uses of important types of maps.
smoking zone, restricted use of fossil fuels,
saving energy and encouragement of organic (b) Directions and how to identify them - an
farming. illustrative diagram.

6. Natural Regions of the World (c) Reading and using statement of scale, graphic
scale and scale shown by representative
Location, area, climate, natural vegetation and fraction method. (No drawing work, only
human adaptation. explaining their meanings).
Equatorial region, Tropical grasslands, Tropical (d) Reading of one town guide map or an atlas
Deserts, Tropical Monsoon, Mediterranean, map. (Recognising the symbols and colours
Temperate grasslands, Taiga and Tundra. used, identifying directions and distances).
7. Map Work (e) Drawing and recognising forms of important
On an outline map of the World, candidates will contours viz. valleys, ridges, types of slopes,
be required to locate, mark and name the conical hill, plateau, escarpment and sea cliff.
following: (f) Drawing at least one sketch map to organize
1. The major Natural Regions of the world - information about visiting an important place,
Equatorial, Tropical Monsoon, Tropical a zoo or a monument.
Deserts, Mediterranean type, Tropical 2. Candidates will be required to prepare a project
grasslands, Temperate grasslands, Taiga and report on any one topic. The topics for
Tundra. assignments may be selected from the list of
2. The Oceans, Seas, Gulfs and Straits - all suggested assignments given below. Candidates
Major Oceans, Caribbean Sea, North Sea, can also take up an assignment of their choice
Black Sea, Caspian Sea, South China Sea, under any of the four broad areas given below.
Mediterranean Sea, Gulf of Carpentaria, (The project will be evaluated out of 10 marks).
Hudson Bay, Persian Gulf, Gulf of Mexico,
Gulf of Guinea, Bering Strait, Strait of Suggested list of Assignments:
Gibraltar, Strait of Malacca. (a) Weather records: Maintaining and
3. Rivers – Mississippi, Colorado, Amazon, interpreting weather records as found in the
Paraguay, Nile, Zaire, Niger, Zambezi, newspaper for at least one season.
Orange, Rhine, Volga, Danube, Murray, (b) Collection of data from secondary sources:
Darling, Hwang Ho, Yangtse Kiang, Ob, {Using Modern techniques i.e., Global
Indus, Ganga, Mekong, Irrawaddy, Tigris, Positioning System (GPS), Remote Sensing,
Euphrates. Aerial Photography and Satellite imageries}:
4. Mountains – Rockies, Andes, Appalachian, Preparing a Power Point presentation on
Alps, Himalayas, Pyrenees, Scandinavian current issues like – use of earth resources/
Highlands, Caucasus, Atlas, Drakensburg, development activities/dangers of
Khinghan, Zagros, Urals, Great Dividing development and ecological disasters like
Range. droughts, earthquakes, volcanoes, floods,

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landslides cyclones and tornadoes in the (e) Collect information on global environmental
world. issues and problems and communicate your
findings through appropriate modes (posters,
(c) Physical Features: Collection of data from
charts, collages, cartoons, handouts, essays,
primary and secondary sources or taking
street plays and PowerPoint presentation).
photographs and preparing notional sketches
of features found in the vicinity or areas (f) Area Studies: Choosing any aspect from
visited during the year as a part of school World Studies and preparing a Power Point
activity. presentation or a write up on it.
(d) Find out the sources of pollution of water (g) Meteorological Instruments and their uses:
bodies in the locality and determine the Six’s maximum and minimum thermometer,
quality of water. mercury barometer, aneroid barometer, wind
vane, anemometer, rain gauge and
hygrometer.

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