TBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2025 Biology

SYLLABUS – 2024- 2025
CLASS – XII
SUBJECT – BIOLOGY
Total Marks – 70 Practical - 30
COURSE STRUCTURE

UNIT-VI : REPRODUCTION

Chapter-2: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
Flower structure; development of male and female gametophytes, pollination types, agencies
and examples; out breeding devices; pollen-pistil interaction; double fertilization; post fertilization
events development of endosperm and embryo, development of seed and formation of fruit; special
modes- apomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony; Significance of seed dispersal and fruit formation.

Chapter-3: Human Reproduction
Male and female reproductive systems; microscopic anatomy of testis and ovary;
gametogenesis spermatogenesis and oogenesis; menstrual cycle, fertilisation, embryo development
upto blastocyst formation, implantation; pregnancy and placenta formation (elementary idea);
parturition (elementary idea); lactation (elementary idea).

Chapter-4: Reproductive Health
Need for reproductive health and prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs); birth
control - need and methods, contraception and medical termination of pregnancy (MTP);
amniocentesis; infertility and assisted reproductive technologies - IVF, ZIFT, GIFT (elementary idea
for general awareness).

UNIT-VII: GENETICS AND EVOLUTION

Chapter-5: Principles of Inheritance and Variation
Heredity and variation: Mendelian inheritance; deviations from Mendelism incomplete
dominance, co- dominance, multiple alleles and inheritance of blood groups, pleiotropy; elementary
idea of polygenic inheritance; chromosome theory of inheritance; chromosomes and genes; Sex
determination in humans, birds and honey bee, linkage and crossing over, sex linked inheritance
haemophilia, colour blindness; Mendelian disorders in humans thalassemia; chromosomal disorders
in humans; Down's syndrome, Turner's and Klinefelter's syndromes.

Chapter-6: Molecular Basis of Inheritance
Search for genetic material and DNA as genetic material; Structure of DNA and RNA; DNA
packaging: DNA replication; Central Dogma; transcription, genetic code, translation; gene expression
and regulation - lac operon; Genome, Human and rice genome projects; DNA fingerprinting.

Page 1 of 10

Chapter-7: Evolution
Origin of life, biological evolution and evidences for biological evolution (paleontology,
comparative anatomy, embryology and molecular evidences); Darwin's contribution, modern
synthetic theory of evolution; mechanism of evolution variation (mutation and recombination) and
natural selection with examples, types of natural selection; Gene flow and genetic drift; Hardy-
Weinberg's principle; adaptive radiation; human evolution.

UNIT-VIII: BIOLOGY AND HUMAN WELFARE

Chapter-8: Human Health and Diseases
Pathogens; parasites causing human diseases (malaria, dengue, chikungunya, filariasis,
ascariasis, typhoid, pneumonia, common cold, amoebiasis, ring worm) and their control; Basic
concepts of immunology vaccines; cancer, HIV and AIDS; Adolescence - drug and alcohol abuse.

Chapter-10: Microbes in Human Welfare
Microbes in food processing, industrial production, sewage treatment, energy generation and
microbes as bio-control agents and bio-fertilizers. Antibiotics; production and judicioususe.

UNIT-IX: BIOTECHNOLOGY AND ITS APPLICATIONS

Chapter-11: Biotechnology - Principles and Processes
Genetic Engineering (Recombinant DNA Technology).

Chapter-12: Biotechnology and its Applications
Application of biotechnology in health and agriculture: Human insulin and vaccine
production, stem cell technology, gene therapy; genetically modified organisms - Bt crops; transgenic
animals, biosafety issues, biopiracy and patents.

UNIT-X ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT
Chapter-13: Organisms and Populations
Population interactions - mutualism, competition, predation, parasitism; population
attributes - growth, birth and death rate, age distribution. (Topics excluded: Organism and its
Environment, Major Aboitic actors, Responses to Abioitic Factors, Adaptations)

Chapter-14: Ecosystem
Ecosystems: Patterns, components, productivity and decomposition; energy flow, pyramids of
number, biomass, energy (Topics excluded: Ecological Succession and Nutrient Cycles).

Chapter-15: Biodiversity and its Conservation
Biodiversity-Concept, patterns, importance; loss of biodiversity; biodiversity conservation;
hotspots, endangered organisms, extinction, Red Data Book, Sacred Groves, biosphere reserves,
national parks, wildlife, sanctuaries and Ramsar sites.

Page 2 of 10

HALF-YEARLY EXAMINATION: 2024-2025
BLUE-PRINT OF DISTRIBUTION OF MARKS

Marks: 70

MCQ VSA SA-I SA-II LA-I LA-II
Chapters/ Topics Total Unit
(1 (1 (2 (3 (4 (5
Unit 1 Mark Marks Total
Mark) Mark) Marks) Marks) Marks) Marks)
Ch-2: Sexual
Reproduction in
Flowering plants 1x1 1x1 2x1 3x1 4x1 - 11
সপুষ্পক উদ্ভিদে
VI. য ৌনজনন
Reproduc Ch-3: Human 28
tion Reproduction 1x1 1x1 2x2 - - 5x1 11
মানুদের জনন
Ch-4: Reproductive
Health 1x2 1x2 2x1 - - - 06
জননগত স্বাস্থ্য
Ch-5: Principles of
Inheritance &
variation 1x1 1x1 - 3x1 4x1 5x1 14
বংশানুসরণ ও
VII. প্রকরদণর নীদ্ভতসমূহ
Genetics Ch-6: Molecular 31
& Basis of Inheritance
Evolution 1x2 1x1 2x1 3x1 4x1 - 12
বংশগদ্ভতর আনদ্ভবক
দ্ভিদ্ভি
Ch-7: Evolution
1x2 1x1 2x1 - - - 05
দ্ভববতত ন
Ch-8: Human
Health and
VIII. Diseases 1x1 1x1 2x1 3x1 - - 07
Biology & মানুদের স্বাস্থ্য ও
11
Human যরাগ
Welfare Ch-10: Microbes in
Human Welfare - 1x2 2x1 - - - 04
মানবকল্যাদণ অনুজীব
1x10 1x10 2x8 3x4 4x3 5x2 70
Total 70
(10) (10) (16) (12) (12) (10) (37)

Page 3 of 10

PRE-BOARD/ BOARD FINAL EXAMINATION: 2024-2025

Unit Title Marks
VI Reproduction 16
(জনন)
VII Genetics and Evolution 20
(বংশগদ্ভত এবং দ্ভববতত ন)
VIII Biology and Human Welfare 12
(মানবকল্যাদণ জীবদ্ভবেযা)
IX Biotechnology and its Applications 12
(জীবপ্র ুদ্ভিদ্ভবেযা এবং এর প্রদ াগ)
X Ecology and Environment 10
(বাস্তবদ্ভবেযা এবং পদ্ভরদবশ)
Total 70

Page 4 of 10

PRE-BOARD/ BOARD FINAL EXAMINATION: 2024-2025

BLUE-PRINT OF DISTRIBUTION OF MARKS

MCQ VSA SA-I SA-II LA-I LA-II Total Unit
Uni Chapt Topics
(1 (1 (2 (3 (4 (5 Mark Tot
t er 1 Mark
Mark) Mark) Marks) Marks) Marks) Marks) s al
Sexual Reproduction
in Flowering plants
2 সপুষ্পক উদ্ভিদে 1x1 1x1 - - 4x1 - 6
য ৌনজনন
VI 16
Human Reproduction
3 - 1x1 - - - 5x1 6
মানুদের জনন
Reproductive Health
4 1x1 - - 3x1 - - 4
জননগত স্বাস্থ্য
Principles of
Inheritance &
5 variation 1x1 1x1 - 3x1 - - 5
বংশানুসরণ ও প্রকরদণর
নীদ্ভতসমূহ
VII Molecular Basis of 20
Inheritance
6 বংশগদ্ভতর আনদ্ভবক 1x1 - - 3x1 - 5x1 9
দ্ভিদ্ভি
Evolution
7 1x1 1x1 2x2 - - - 6
দ্ভববতত ন
Human Health and
8 Diseases - 1x1 2x1 - 4x1 - 7
VII মানুদের স্বাস্থ্য ও যরাগ
I 12
Microbes in Human
10 Welfare 1x2 1x1 2x1 - - - 5
মানবকল্যাদণ অনুজীব
Biotechnology:
Principle and
IX 11 Processes 1x1 - 2x1 - 4x1 - 7
জীবপ্র ুদ্ভি দ্ভবেযা:
মূল্নীদ্ভত ও পদ্ধদ্ভতসমূহ 12
Biotechnology and its
Application
12 জীবপ্র ুদ্ভি দ্ভবেযা ও এর 1x1 1x2 2x1 - - - 5
প্রদ াগসমূহ

Page 5 of 10

Organisms and
Population
13 জীবসমূহ ও পপুদল্শন - 1x1 - 3x1 - - 4
বাস্তুতন্ত্র
Ecosystem
X 14 - - 2x1 - - - 2 10
বাস্তুতন্ত্র
Biodiversity &
Conservation
15 জীবববদ্ভিত্র্য এবং 1x1 1x1 2x1 - - - 4
সংরক্ষণ
Total 1x10 1x10 2x8 3x4 4x3 5x2 70
70
(10) (10) (16) (12) (12) (10) (37)

Page 6 of 10

PRACTICALS
Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 30
Evaluation Scheme Marks
One Major Experiment 5 5
One Minor Experiment 2& 3 4
Slide Preparation 1 & 4 5
Spotting 7
Practical Record + Viva voce (Credit to the Students’ work over the 4
Attendance academic session may be given) 5
Total 30

A: List of Experiments

1. Prepare a temporary mount to observe pollen germination.
2. Study the plant population density by quadrat method.
3. Study the plant population frequency by quadrat method.
4. Prepare a temporary mount of onion root tip to study mitosis.
5. Isolate DNA from available plant material such as spinach, green pea seeds, papaya, etc.

B. Study and Observe the following (spotting):

1. Flowers adapted to pollination by different agencies (wind, insects, birds).
2. Pollen germination on stigma through a permanent slide or scanning electron micrograph
3. Identification of stages of gamete development, ie., T.S. of testis and T.S. of ovary through
permanent slides (from grasshopper/mice).
4. Meiosis in onion bud cell or grasshopper testis through permanent slides.
5. T.S. of blastula through permanent slides (Mammalian).
6. Mendelian inheritance using seeds of different colour/sizes of any plant.
7. Prepared pedigree charts of any one of the genetic traits such as rolling of tongue, blood
groups, ear lobes, widow's peak and colour blindness.
8. Controlled pollination - emasculation, tagging and bagging.
9. Common disease causing organisms like Ascaris, Entamoeba, Plasmodium, any fungus
causing ringworm through permanent slides, models or virtual images or specimens. Comment on
symptoms of diseases that they cause.
10. Models specimen showing symbolic association in root modules of leguminous plants,
Cuscuta on host, lichens.
11. Flash cards models showing examples of homologous and analogous organs.

Page 7 of 10

PRACTICAL EXAMINATION FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED STUDENTS CLASS XII

EVALUATION SCHEME

Max. Marks: 30 Time: 02 Hours

Topic Marks
Identification/Familiarity with the apparatus 5
Written test (Based on given / prescribed practicals) 10
Practical Records 5
Viva 10
Total 30

Page 8 of 10

General Guidelines

 The practical examination will be of two hour duration. A separate list of ten experiments is
included here.

 The written examination in practicals for these students will be conducted at the time of practical
examination of all other students.

 The written test will be of 30 minutes duration.

 The question paper given to the students should be legibly typed. It should contain a total of 15
practical skill based very short answer type questions. A student would be required to answer any 10
questions.

 A writer may be allowed to such students as per TBSE examination rules.

 All questions included in the question paper should be related to the listed practicals. Every
question should require about two minutes to be answered.

 These students are also required to maintain a practical file. A student is expected to record at
least five of the listed experiments as per the specific instructions for each subject. These practicals
should be duly checked and signed by the internal examiner.

 The format of writing any experiment in the practical file should include aim, apparatus required,
simple theory, procedure, related practical skills, precautions etc.

 Questions may be generated jointly by the external/internal examiners and used for assessment.

 The viva questions may include questions based on basic theory/principle/concept, apparatus/
materials/chemicals required, procedure, precautions, sources of error etc.

A. Items for Identification/ familiarity with the apparatus for assessment in practicals (All
experiments)
Beaker, flask, petriplates, soil from different sites - sandy, clayey, loamy, small potted plants,
aluminium foil, paint brush, test tubes, starch solution, iodine, ice cubes, Bunsen burner/spirit
lamp/water bath, large flowers, Maize inflorescence, model of developmental stages highlighting
morula and blastula of frog, beads/seeds of different shapes/size/texture Ascaris, Cactus/Opuntia
(model).

Page 9 of 10

B. List of Practicals

1. Study of flowers adapted to pollination by different agencies (wind, insects).

2. Identification of T.S of morula or blastula of frog (Model).

3. Study of Mendelian inheritance pattern using beads/seeds of different sizes/texture.

4. Preparation of pedigree charts of genetic traits such as rolling of tongue, colour blindness.

5. Study of emasculation, tagging and bagging by trying out an exercise on controlled
pollination.

6. Identify common disease causing organisms like Ascaris (model) and learn some common
symptoms of the disease that they cause.

7. Comment upon the morphological adaptations of plants found in xerophytic conditions.

Note: The above practicals may be carried out in an experiential manner rather than recording
observations.

Page 10 of 10