ICSE Class 9 Syllabus 2028 History and Civics (Thailand)

ICSE
INDIAN CERTIFICATE OF
SECONDARY EDUCATION
EXAMINATION
YEAR 2028

H.C.G
HISTORY & CIVICS
(THAILAND 58)

Developed by:
Research, Development and Curriculum Division (RDCD)
CISCE

January 2026
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experience.
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aspirations.

HISTORY, CIVICS AND GEOGRAPHY (THAILAND) (58)
HISTORY AND CIVICS (THAILAND)

H.C.G. (THAILAND) - PAPER - 1
Candidates offering History, Civics and Geography are not eligible to offer History, Civics and Geography
(Thailand).

Aims:
1. To provide an understanding of the working of the Thai government, necessary for the students to grow into
responsible, enlightened citizens.
2. To enrich the understanding of those aspects of Thailand’s historical development which are crucial to the
understanding of contemporary Thailand.
3. To awaken a desirable understanding in pupils of the various streams which have contributed to the
development and growth of the Thai nation and its civilization and culture.
4. To develop a world historical perspective of the contributions made by various cultures to the total heritage
of mankind.

CLASS IX
There will be one paper of two hours duration carrying 80 marks and an Internal Assessment of 20 marks.
SECTION A: CIVICS
1. Constitution of Thailand
Definition, date of adoption, enforcement and its significance. Features; Constitutional amendment with
reference to gender perspective.
Definition of Constitution - date of adoption, date of enforcement and its significance. Features: Single
Citizenship, Universal Suffrage, Fundamental Rights and Fundamental Duties, Directive Principles of State
Policy (meaning), Welfare State. Constitutional amendment with special reference of gender perspective:
Women can ascend the throne as a queen.

2. Elections
Elections in Thailand
Meaning; Composition of Election Commission (in brief); Direct election; General election; By-election.

3. Local Self Government
Village and Urban local self - government
Village local self-government: Meaning and functions.
Urban local self-government: Meaning and functions.

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SECTION B: HISTORY

1. Emergence of the Thai Civilisation
An understanding of how the Thai civilization emerged from the Chinese and the Indian civilisations.
(a) The Chinese Civilisation: extent, art & craft, inventions and discoveries; Religion.
Extent of the Chinese civilisation; the Huang Ho river (why it is called the river of sorrow, how it helped
in transport and trade); The Great Wall of China (why Quin Shi Huang of the Ming dynasty started
building the wall, the time span and relevance), Silk Road (extent and importance).
Pottery and bronze vessels and Jade statue, inventions and discoveries (silk, paper, printing, tea, wheel);a
basic understanding of Confucianism.
(b) The Indian Civilisation and its impact on Thailand (Ancient Siam).
Reference to Brahmanic and Buddhist civilisational interactions- resultant emergence of Indianised
temples, gods and goddesses, coins, art, architecture and language (reference to influence of Sanskrit on
Siamese language).

2. The Khmer Rule
Invasions, trade and economy; architecture and script.
A brief study of the invasions, trade and economy; Angkor Vat, invention of the Thai alphabet.

3. The Dvaravati civilisational expression
Brahmanic civilisation in Dvaravati, Buddhism in Dvaravati; Reference to the debate regarding Indianisation
vs Localisation vs Convergence.

4. The Golden Era of Sukhothai
(a) Sources
Literary sources: Triphum Phre, Script, ancient stone inscriptions, architecture.
(b) Origin, extent of the kingdom, political and administrative rule and religion.
Origin of Sukhothai; political and administrative rule of King Sri Inthrathit and King Ramkhamhaeng
and religion (Buddhism of Sri Lanka).

5. The Rise and Fall of Ayutthaya
(a) Origin, administration and economy.
Origin and administration of the Ayutthaya bureaucracy under King Ramathibodi and King Boromma
Trailokanat, Economy (including trade relations with other countries; significance of the Chao Phraya
river; sources such as the Ramakien (national epic).
(b) Downfall of Ayutthaya.
Causes and consequences to be done briefly.

6. Medieval Thailand
Political history of Medieval Thailand; architecture during the period; impact of the wars.
Wars with Burma during the reign of Prince Uthumphom and King Ekkathat; impact of the wars on their
kingdoms.
Architecture: Pagodas, temples, monasteries and relics of Buddha (any two features of each) - impact of wars
on them.

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7. Thonburi
Origin, extent, economy and architecture.
Origin, extent of the kingdom under the rule of King Taksin; Economy: impact of economic recession, role of
King Taksin in overcoming economic crisis, importance of floating markets. Significance of the Chao Phraya
river; Temple of dawn (WatArun).

8. Rattanakosin Period (1782- 1826)
Origin of the Chakri dynasty; Kotmai Tra Sam Suang; Sakdina system of hierarchy; Wat Phra Kaew.
Founder Rama-I, Founder of Rattanakosin, origin of Chakri dynasty; Kotmai Tra Sam Suang - significance;
Sakdina system of hierarchy: Any two features;
Wat Phra Kaew (Temple of the Emerald Buddha) -the king who built it, when was it built and any two
important features of it.

9. Modern Age in Europe
(a) The Crusades
Meaning of the term, beginning of first Crusade, later Crusades; influence of the Crusades (any two).
(b) Renaissance
Definition, causes (capture of Constantinople, decline of Feudalism, new trade routes, spirit of enquiry
and invention of the printing press) and impact on art, literature and science (two features); Leonardo
Da Vinci, William Shakespeare and Copernicus (any two contributions of each).
(c) Reformation
Causes (dissatisfaction with the practices of the Catholic Church and new learning); Martin Luther’s
contribution, Counter Reformation.
(d) Industrial Revolution
Definition. Comparative study of Socialism and Capitalism.

INTERNAL ASSESSMENT
Any one project/assignment related to the syllabus.
SUGGESTED ASSIGNMENTS
1. The Thai constitution protects the rights of children, women and weaker sections. Elaborate on the basis of a
case study.
2. ‘Fundamental Duties complement Fundamental Rights.’ Illustrate with the help of a Power Point Presentation.
3. Highlight the civic issues of your locality. Give suggestions for addressing them.
4. Visit a museum or local site of historical importance and discuss its significance.
5. Discuss the art and architectural features of any one of these monuments: Buddhist Caves, The Grand Palace
Wat Pho, Wat Benchamabophit and Wat Suthat.
6. Make a pictorial presentation of inventions and innovations as a result of the Industrial Revolution in Thailand.

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